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Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning about Language课时练习（原卷版）
根据中文意思完成句子。
Without the （改革）of the economic management system our industry will rot.
If you do this，you'll almost always meet your （年度的）goal.
The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by （核能的）power.
Every time I mention her, you become very （敏感的）.
During the war we had just enough food to （维持）us.
After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in （混乱）.
He （提交）his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference.
In the meeting he spoke all the members of the company.（代表）
He always takes the lead the government's call.（对…的回应）
The only way they can political change is to put pressure on the country.（带来）
二、阅读理解。
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California.
三、完形填空。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years, His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
语法填空。
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of species around the world．No one knows（1） （exact） what will happen in the future （2） global warming continues．As the Earth becomes（3） （warm），weather will become more unpredictable．Increased temperatures will cause the polar ice to melt，raising sea level and （4） （result） in more floods．The sea level （5）
（rise） six to eight inches in the past 100 years．Hurricanes will be more（6） （power） and animals （7） require colder climates will be forced to move to other areas or will become（8） （endanger）． So far，efforts （9） （cut） emissions of greenhouse gases have been made and there are many things we can do．For example，use less energy （10）
turning off lights，TVs，computers and other appliances when they are not used．
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Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning about Language课时练习（解析版）
根据中文意思完成句子。
Without the reform（改革）of the economic management system our industry will rot.
【解析】the与of之间为名词。
If you do this，you'll almost always meet your annual（年度的）goal.
【解析】goal为名词，形容词修饰名词。
The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by nuclear（核能的）power.
【解析】nuclear power核能。
Every time I mention her, you become very sensitive（敏感的）.
【解析】become为系动词，后面需要接形容词。
During the war we had just enough food to sustain（维持）us.
【解析】to为不定式表示目的。
After the failure of the electricity supply the city was in chaos（混乱）.
【解析】in chaos处于混乱的状态。
He submitted（提交）his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference.
In the meeting he spoke on behalf of all the members of the company.（代表）
【解析】In the meeting he spoke为完整的句子，on behalf of后接状语作为补充说明。
He always takes the lead in response to the government's call.（对…的回应）
【解析】He always takes the lead为完整的句子，in response to后接状语作为补充说明。
The only way they can bring about political change is to put pressure on the country.（带来）
【解析】句中“they can bring about political change”为定语从句，先行词为way。
二、阅读理解。
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
【答案】 A
【解析】段落主旨题。根据文章第二段第三句The number of trees…declined by 50 percent…more than 55 percent…75 percent等数字可知，该段主要讲述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Aggressive wildfire control…compete with …resources可知，由于激进的森林防火措施，虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量骤减，所以选D项。
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Since the 1930s, McIntyre said…have been rising temperatures…reduces the water…可知，水资源短缺的一个主因是逐渐上升的气候温度，故选C项。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California.
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了原因。由此A项能很好地概括全文。
三、完形填空。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years, His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
1.【答案】C
【解析】A.dream梦想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice选择。由下句的"He learned the value and beauty of nature there from a very young age．他很小的时候就懂得了自然的美和价值。"可知他很喜欢村庄的湿地，他已经把这里当作了他第二个家，故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】A.nature自然；B.youth青年；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。根据"The village lay near some wetlands． 这个村庄靠近湿地。"可知湿地是属于大自然的，所以是懂得了大自然的美，故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】A.precious珍贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing烦人的；D.awkward尴尬的。根据下句的"A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds．那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，造成的破坏已经赶走了许多鸟。"可知这样的现象是Molai不想看到的，故选C。
4.【答案】D
【解析】A.waste浪费；B.tension紧张；C.pain痛苦；D.damage毁灭；根据下半句的"caused had driven away a number of birds．洪水造成了许多鸟类的迁徙。"可知这场洪水造成了鸟类的迁徙，所以可以称作是一次毁灭性的事故，故选D。
5.【答案】A
【解析】A.Besides除了；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。由下句"the number of snakes had declined as well．蛇的数量也减少了。"可知上文说这场洪水使得鸟类迁徙，并且除了这些，蛇的数量也减少了，故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】A.agreed同意；B.realized意识；C.remembered记住；D.predicted预测。由后半句"it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them．那是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们。"可知Molai意识到这场灾难的原因是没有足够的树木保护动物，故选B。
【答案】B
【解析】A.noise噪音；B.heat热量；C.disease疾病；D.dust灰尘。根据上文"A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds．那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，造成的破坏已经赶走了许多鸟。"可知是由于没有足够的树木帮它们抵挡热量，故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter庇护所。根据"it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them．那是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们。"可知是让它们在白天寻找避难所，故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】A.labor劳工；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance金融。根据下文的"for help but was told that nothing would grow there．去寻求帮助但是被告知在这里不能种植东西。"可知他应该是去寻求和种植有关的部门，故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed管理。根据本句的" Molai went looking on his own． Molai自己去寻找。"和"where he began to plant trees．他开始在那里种树。"可知被告知此处无法种树后开始自己寻找地方种树，所以他发现了一个地方然后在那个地方自己植树造林，故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】A.Decorating装饰；B.Observing观察；C.Watering浇水；D.Guarding守卫。根据"in the dry season在干旱的季节"以及前文"where he began to plant trees．他开始在那里种树。"可知他在干旱的季节时需要给树的幼苗浇水，故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】A.tough强硬的、困难的；B.illegal不合法的；C.fantastic奇妙的；D.beneficial有益的。根据"for a lone boy．对于一个孤单的男孩来说，"可知对于一个男孩来说在干旱的季节给每天都给树的幼苗浇水是很困难的，故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】A.back背部；B.top顶部；C.foot脚部；D.side一旁。根据下文的"platform（平台）"以及"where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater． The water would then drip （滴落）on the plants below．他在那里放了一个带小洞的陶罐来收集雨水，然后水就会滴落在下面的植物上。"可知这个平台应该是放在了植物的顶部，然后收集的雨水才能滴落在植物上面，故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】A.cool down冷却；B.keep off远离；C.purify净化；D.collect。 收集；根据"The water would then drip （滴落）on the plants below．然后水就会滴落在下面的植物上。"可知雨水应该是被这个平台收集起来然后逐渐的滴落到植物上，故选D。
【答案】D
【解析】A.returned返回；B.learned学习；C.failed失败；D.continued继续。根据最后一句"His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals．他的努力已使1360英亩的自然生长的土地成为许多动植物的家园。"可知Molai一直坚持种树，最后使得这片土地成为许多动植物的家园，故选D。
语法填空。
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of species around the world．No one knows（1） （exact） what will happen in the future （2） global warming continues．As the Earth becomes（3） （warm），weather will become more unpredictable．Increased temperatures will cause the polar ice to melt，raising sea level and （4） （result） in more floods．The sea level （5）
（rise） six to eight inches in the past 100 years．Hurricanes will be more（6） （power） and animals （7） require colder climates will be forced to move to other areas or will become（8） （endanger）． So far，efforts （9） （cut） emissions of greenhouse gases have been made and there are many things we can do．For example，use less energy （10）
turning off lights，TVs，computers and other appliances when they are not used．
【答案】exactly
【解析】考查副词．know是动词，要用副词修饰．
【答案】if/when
【解析】考查连词．根据句意：如果全球变暖继续．用连词if/when引导条件状语从句．
【答案】warmer
【解析】考查形容词比较级．根据下文weather will become more unpredictable可知，上文应是：随着地球变得更加暖和．用形容词比较级．
【答案】resulting
【解析】考查现在分词．and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，raising sea level和resulting in more floods都是现在分词作状语．
【答案】has risen
【解析】考查动词时态．根据句中状语in the past 100 years要用现在完成时态，且主语The sea level是单数，助动词用has．
【答案】powerful
【解析】考查形容词．be动词后接形容词作表语．
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词animals在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which．
【答案】endangered
【解析】考考查过去分词．根据句意：动物快要绝种了．endangered意为"快要绝种的"．
【答案】to cut 考查动词不定式
【解析】此处动词不定式短语to cut emissions of greenhouse gases作后置定语修饰efforts．
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词．by意为"（表示获得的方法）凭借，用，通过"．
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