中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元测试（解析版）
一、阅读理解。
A
★LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL
Grades：Preschool－Grade 8
LCDS.org 703-777-3841
Award-winning school features a low student-teacher ratio(比率)．Courses include art，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computer programming，languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(Bring Your Own Technology)，one-to-one program in fourth through eighth grades.It’s famous for its unique field trips.
★NYSMITH SCHOOL
Grades：3 years－Grade 8
703-552-2912
Top 10 in the world，fun，award-winning program，up to 4 grade levels of diversification(多样化) in reading and math classes，daily science，computers，logic，foreign languages，much more.1∶9 ratio.Minimal(最少的) homework.Hands-on experimental learning，a great attraction for students across the country.2014 Tommy Award from TJ for the special achievement of Nysmith Alumni.
★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS
Grades：6－12
866-461-8039
Fusion Academy is a private middle and high school where all classes are one-to-one：one student and one teacher per classroom.Here，positive relationships unlock students’ potential.Scheduling is personalized，and no homework goes e soon to Tysons，Virginia，and achieve school & life balance.
★RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY
Grades：6－12，Postgraduate
rma.edu 540-636-5484
R-MA is a college-prep boarding school with Air Force JROTC，devoted to developing students of academic achievement，leadership，and responsible citizenship.With smaller classes—on average，14－17 students per class—students at R-MA find themselves building their confidence because our teachers care about each student.Graduating classes have a 100% college acceptance rate and average over $56.6 million in college scholarships offers each year.
1．What makes LCDS different from the others
A．Field trips.
B．A variety of courses.
C．One-to-one classes.
D．Award-winning programs.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据★LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL部分中的“It’s famous for its unique field trips.”可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡村走读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选A。
2．Why is NYSMITH SCHOOL popular among students
A．It has no homework.
B．It is the world’s best school.
C．It is a frequent winner of the Tommy Award.
D．It gives them a chance to learn from experience.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据★NYSMITH SCHOOL部分中的“Hands-on experimental learning，a great attraction for students across the country.”可知，动手实验学习，对全国各地的学生有很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校之所以吸引学生，是因为它给了他们一个从经验中学习的机会。故选D。
3．Which school specializes in personalized education
A．LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL.
B．NYSMITH SCHOOL.
C．FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS.
D．RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS部分中的“Fusion Academy is a private middle and high school where all classes are one-to-one...Scheduling is personalized，and no homework goes home.”可知，Fusion Academy是一所私立中学和高中，所有班级都是一对一的。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。由此可知，FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS学校擅长个性化教育。故选C。
B
Reilly，my daughter’s yellow Labrador Retriever，enjoys life in the country.He’s friendly，playful and intelligent.Reilly has an active lifestyle.But he’s built like a tank as a foodie.Reilly watches every piece that goes from our hands to our mouths.Drop it，and we don’t stand a chance of beating him to it.It’s gone in one swallow.
If we’re preparing dinner and ignoring him，he catches the edge of his wide-mouthed cheese-ball far with his jaws into the kitchen.His hope is that someone will drop doggie treats in his jar.He drops it with a loud noise onto the hardwood floor.Reilly’s hungry，you see.He’s always hungry.Nobody will refuse to treat him.Then he will take the jar away and drop it on the floor so that the treats bounce out，and he throws himself onto them as fast as lightning.He loves this game!
One day，Reilly disappeared，and my daughter Erin didn’t know where he went.He isn’t allowed to leave the yard，and usually he doesn’t.But he did that day.Erin was worried and walked to neighbors’ homes looking for him.No Reilly.Some time later，the big dog was back...and not empty-handed.In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still warm.Erin felt lightheaded.Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people think when they went outdoors and found their grill empty and their roast gone
Nobody seemed to know a thing about it.One big yellow Lab knew，of course，but he wasn’t talking.“Oh，Reilly，what have you done？” my daughter said.To this day，not a single neighbor has reported such a theft.
4．What is Reilly like
A．He is clumsy.
B．He is aggressive.
C．He has a huge weight.
D．He always follows orders.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的第四句“But he’s built like a tank as a foodie.”可推知，它的身材像一辆坦克，所以肯定很重。故选C。
5．How does Reilly manage to get food from the kitchen
A．By making loud noise with its jar.
B．By jumping onto the food quickly.
C．By dropping himself onto the floor.
D．By barking at the person who is cooking.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四、五句可知，Reilly 通过把自己的罐子扔在地上发出声响，来告诉做饭的人它饿了，做饭的人总会给它食物。故选A。
6．What does the underlined word “lightheaded”in paragraph 3 mean
A．Relieved. B．Confused.
C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still warm.”和下文“Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people...empty and their roast gone？”可知，当Erin看到Reilly嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉回来，心里想到很多问题，说明她感到“困惑”。confused意为“困惑的”。故选B。
7．What can be known about the beef
A．It was a treat from Erin.
B．Reilly stole it from a thief.
C．Its source remains a mystery.
D．Reilly refused to tell its truth.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，似乎没有人知道这件事，时至今日，没有一位邻居提过失窃。由此可推知，这块牛肉来自哪里仍然是个谜。故选C。
C
The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter.First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb.Now it appears that some can count, too.
Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点)on a computer screen.In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose.The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws(爪子)．
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area.This could be explained by the bears’ distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots.However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge.But Brutus, at least, was not defeated.He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence.They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.They are, however，always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts.Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
8．What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A．Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B．Figuring out different colours of dots.
C．Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.
D．Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“set three American black bears the...dots(点) on a computer screen”可知，科学家让三只熊辨别电脑屏幕上数量多或少的点组。故选D。
9．For the bears, the task was easier when ________.
A．the coloured dots were moving slowly
B．the dot patterns were regular in shape
C．the dots followed a path on the screen
D．more dots covered a larger coloured area
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“As the researchers report in...a larger coloured area.”可知，熊最擅长的图案是被更多的点覆盖的更大的彩色区域。故选D项。
10．What may explain the bears’ high degree of intelligence
A．They learn skills from other animals.
B．They face life challenges on their own.
C．They feed on a diverse range of food.
D．They have complex social networks.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，熊的高智商源于它们独自面对生活的挑战。故选B项。
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bears Taught to Distinguish Colours
B．New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C．Three Bears Learned How to Count
D．The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
【答案】B
【解析】标题归纳题。本文介绍了一些新的发现，为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据，所以文章标题应该是“发现了证明熊智力的新证据”。故选B项。
D
If you asked me to dance，I’d probably freeze on the spot and some people say I have two left feet! But with some persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to take to the dance floor and shake some moves and that，apparently，is only natural.
Experts have found as well as being fun，dancing might have helped us to survive as a species.Evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家) Bronwyn Tarr from the University of Oxford believes that dancing alone is one thing but it’s dancing as a group that makes our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones that change how we feel about ourselves and those around us.This is likely to lead to profound social effects.It’s keeping pace with others that makes us happy.Bronwyn Tarr says that “dancing fosters social closeness between people.It helps us build social connections and communities.In our past，those social connections would have been critical for surviving.”
Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health.In Wales there have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes to people who are unwell.The Arts Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits.And Bronwyn Tarr says “more and more we’re actually discovering that your longevity(长寿)—your life expectancy—is predicted by the social connections that you have...still today it’s something we should do more of.”
It could be part of being a conservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer.Look at other nationalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart of their cultural identity.And in Brazil at Carnival time，people let their hair down by dancing together day and night.They seem to be having a good time—so maybe I should get on my feet and dance!
12．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A．He doesn’t like dancing.
B．He does not dance well.
C．He lacks confidence in dancing.
D．He does everything out of nature.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you asked me to dance，I’d probably freeze on the spot and some people say I have two left feet！”可知，作者不擅长跳舞。故选B项。
13．What can be inferred from Tarr’s words in Paragraph 2
A．Dancing alone doesn’t benefit at all.
B．Dancing with others helps people survive.
C．It is funny to keep pace with other people.
D．It matters most to dance on social occasions.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和最后三句可知，Bronwyn Tarr认为和别人一起跳舞有助于人们生存。故选B项。
14．How does the author feel about dancing in the last paragraph
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Unclear. D．Objective.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据本文内容，尤其是最后一段最后一句“They seem to be having a good time—so maybe I should get on my feet and dance！”可知，作者对跳舞的看法是积极的。故选A项。
15．What is the best title for the text
A．What Makes You a Real Dancer
B．What Can Dances Bring Us
C．Why Do People Love to Dance
D．How Can We Dance Well
【答案】C
【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，文章剖析了“人为什么要跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义，因此选项C“为什么人们喜欢跳舞？”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。
二、七选五。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Helping Others Benefits You
Everyone wants to lead a happy and fulfilling life，so it’s natural to want to put yourself and your health first! However，helping other people can also directly help you at the same time.
Here are a few ways that helping others can benefit you：
·Attract more back to you.
When you give，you’re more likely to receive.You don’t necessarily need to keep the receiving in mind when you decide to give，but nature may just take its course. 16 Maybe you’ll come across some good fortune.
·Bring you a good feeling.
If you volunteer your time to help others，you’re sharing your blessings with those less fortunate，which is a wonderful gift to give! You’ll likely return home after volunteering with a smile on your face. 17
·Heighten self-esteem.
When you help others，you may be helping yourself to a heightened self-esteem.A positive result for your good deeds enables you to feel pride in your accomplishments. 18
· 19
After you’ve done something nice，you may also find that your confidence increases.The fact that your helpful acts have turned out so positive might lead you to the confidence you need in your own life.
·Be more positive about your own situation.
Sometimes you’ll find that you’re your own worst critic.You might accept the faults of others，but you may be less likely to accept your own.Helping others can help you to accept your own situation and your own faults. 20
Seek out opportunities，today，to help others.You’ll be glad you did!
A．Strengthen confidence.
B．Make a difference.
C．It may help you to start seeing everything in a more positive light.
D．Maybe a friend will unexpectedly return a favor.
E．It also builds confidence in bigger and better things.
F．Just by completing a giving act，you receive positive feelings in your life.
G．It makes you feel surprised to know that you’ve made a difference in the world.
16．【答案】D
【解析】根据小标题和上文的“When you give，you’re more likely to receive.”可知，你付出时，更可能获得回报。与D项吻合。
17．【答案】F
【解析】根据上文的“You’ll likely return home after volunteering with a smile on your face.”可知，帮助了别人，你会得到好的感受，与F项吻合。
18．【答案】E
【解析】根据上文的“A positive result for your good deeds enables you to feel pride in your accomplishments.”可知，此处与E项吻合。
19．【答案】A
【解析】根据下文的“After you’ve done something nice，you may also find that your confidence increases.”可知，做好事能帮助别人也会让你感到自信。与A项吻合。
20．【答案】C
【解析】根据小标题“Be more positive about your own situation.”可知，做好事会让你积极地看待生活，与C项吻合。
完形填空。
At three, I was inseparable from my parents. Wherever they went I went, always reaching out for their hands to ensure their 21 . Never having left them until three, I had what is called 22 anxiety. This made preschool a(n) 23 time for all of us.
As we approached my preschool for the first time, one of my hands 4 squeezed my father's hand, and the other nervously grasped my mother's. I was happy and curious—what could this new place be There were other 25 for me to play with and of course toys. Soon I was introduced to my teachers. They guided us towards a small window seat in a classroom. Just then, my parents suddenly 26 my hands and broke away from our group and went a 27 way. They were heading towards the door. Realizing what happened, I attempted to 28 them, only to be held back by my teachers. I shouted, loud enough for my parents, now outside, to 29 . I pressed against the glass, tears down my face. “We call this the Crying Window,” my teachers had told my parents. “Children are often 30 when seeing their parents leave the school without them.” My parents stood outside, tormented by having to stand by while their kid 31 . But soon an older girl appeared. She wrapped her arms around me until I stopped 32 . The hug was comforting like that of my parents. Then she took me away from the 33 . My parents breathed a sigh of 34 .
The girl was Helen, and soon we were best friends. Every day when I was dropped off at school, tears would come but then I would fight them back, as Helen grabbed my hand and led me away. We have developed great 35 since then.
21.A.interest B.presence
C.success D.safety
22.A.health B.graduation
C.employment D.separation
23.A.boring B.exciting
C.difficult D.happy
24.A.carelessly B.tightly
C.easily D.fiercely
25.A.children B.parents
C.teachers D.friends
26.A.caught B.loosened
C.touched D.washed
27.A.curious B.familiar
C.different D.strange
28.A.look after B.look for
C.run after D.run against
29.A.give in B.give up
C.turn out D.turn around
30.A.crazy B.disappointed
C.upset D.angry
31.A.suffered B.fought
C.studied D.swam
32.A.panting B.singing
C.speaking D.crying
33.A.window B.door
C.seat D.floor
34.A.sorrow B.regret
C.relief D.comfort
35.A.friendship B.education
C.careers D.hobbies
21.【答案】B
【解析】句意：无论他们去哪里我都去，总是伸手去抓他们的手来确保他们的存在,根据上文中的“I was inseparable from myrents”可知，作者上幼儿园之前，一刻也离不开父母，由此可断出，作者是伸手去抓他们的手，确保他们在身边。
【答案】D
【解析】根据后文“I pressed against the glass,tears down my ce”可知，作者在上幼儿园时不想和父母分离，开始哭泣，由可推断出，作者因为和父母的分离感到焦虑。
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这使得上幼儿园的那段时期对我们所有人来说都困难。根据上文“I had what is called separation anxiety”可、作者有分离焦虑，害怕与父母分离，上幼儿园时需要与父母开，所以是一段困难的时期。
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当我们第一次靠近我的幼儿园时，我的一只手紧地握住爸爸的手，另一只手紧张地抓住妈妈的手。根据空格“the other nervously grasped my mother's”可知,作者紧紧地住爸爸的手。
【答案】A
【解析】句意：那里有别的孩子和我玩，当然还有玩具。根据上“As we approached my preschool for the first time”可知,作者的地方是幼儿园，由此可推断出是有很多孩子和作者玩。
【答案】B
【解析】此处表示“就在这时，我父母突然松开了我的手”。根据格后“broke away from our group”可知选B项。
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格后“They were heading towards the door.”可知, 母朝着门的方向走去，是不同的方向。故选C项。
【答案】C
【解析】句意：意识到发生了什么事，我试图追他们，结果被老师住了。根据空格后“only to be held back by my teachers”可，作者被老师拦住了，由此可推断出作者看到父母要走，想去赶。
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我开始喊叫，声音大得足以让我现在在外面的父转过身来。根据上文可知，作者不想让父母离开，所以应该大声喊叫让父母转身回来。
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文及生活常识可知，父母的离开会让上幼儿园孩子们感到不安，所以他们会哭闹和喊叫。
【答案】A
【解析】 根据上文“I pressed against the glass,tears down my ce.”可知，作者正在遭受离别的痛苦。
32. 【答案】D
【解析】句意:她搂着我直到我停止哭泣。根据上文“I pressed gainst the glass,tears down my face.”可推断出,当时作者是在，所以应该是她搂着作者直到作者停止哭泣。
33.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“They guided us towards a small window seata classroom.”和“I pressed against the glass”可推断出作者此是在窗户那里，所以女孩把作者从窗口带走。
34. 【答案】C
【解析】 句意：我父母松了一口气。根据上文可知作者停止了泣，由此可推断出作者的父母看到作者不哭了，松了一口气。reathe a sigh of relief意为“松了一口气”,符合句意。
35.【答案】A
【解析】 句意：从那时起我们建立了深厚的友谊。根据上文The girl was Helen,and soon we were best friends.”可知选A项。
五、语法填空。
Switzerland is world-famous for its quality chocolate，with its high-end chocolate brands achieving international 36. (recognize)．However，people in the Swiss town of Olten，near Zurich，got the surprise of their lives earlier this week,37. chocolate snow covered the whole town.Some locals wondered if the brown “snow” was 38. unusual consequence of climate change.However，all became clear after the local chocolate maker Lindt explained the brown shower resulted 39. a fault in its cooling system at its factory.This fault was surely special,40. (allow) blowing winds to move up chocolate dust and spread it over the town.
Many parts of the town 41. (cover) in a layer of light brown，milk chocolate-flavoured dust.A representative from Lindt offered to pay for any cleaning services 42. (require) as a result of the event.To date，no one has asked for help.The spokeswoman set people’s mind at rest with the claim that the cocoa bean powder is 43. (harm) to human health and the environment.She added that factory engineers are working 44. (constant) on repairing the technical problem.The chocolate dust incident led to a lot of jokes on social media.One user posted a comment，saying，“Chocolate snowflakes(雪花) fall from the sky，and it
45. (look) like a dream come true.”
36. 【答案】recognition
【解析】考查名词。瑞士高端的巧克力品牌获得国际认可。空处在句中作achieving的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，应用名词，故填recognition。
37．【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。本周早些时候，苏黎世附近的瑞士小镇奥尔滕镇迎来了一场“巧克力雪”，让当地居民大吃一惊。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词earlier this week，指时间，故用when。
38．【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。一些当地人想知道这种棕色的“雪”是否是气候变化的不寻常结果。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，且unusual的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
39．【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。然而，在当地巧克力制造商Lindt透露“巧克力雪”是其工厂的冷却系统中的一个小故障造成的之后，一切都变得明朗了。result from是固定搭配，意为“起因于，由……造成”。
40．【答案】allowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。
41．【答案】were covered
【解析】考查时态和语态。小镇的许多地方都覆盖着一层浅棕色、牛奶巧克力味的粉末。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Many parts of the town是cover这一动作的承受者，应用被动语态。故填were covered。
42．【答案】required
【解析】考查非谓语动词。Lindt的一名代表表示愿意支付该事件导致的、需要进行的任何清洁服务费用。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。require与其逻辑主语any cleaning services之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。
43．【答案】harmless
【解析】考查形容词。发言人安慰人们称，可可豆粉对人体健康和环境都是无害的。根据句意可知，此处表示“无害的”，故应填harmless。
44．【答案】constantly
【解析】考查副词。发言人补充说，工厂工程师正在不断地修复技术问题。修饰动词应用副词，故填constantly“不断地”。
45．【答案】looks
【解析】考查时态。巧克力雪花从天而降，恰似梦想成真。根据上文中的“fall”可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填looks。
六、应用文写作。
假定你是汕头市聿怀中学将要毕业的高三学生李华，想去澳门大学（Universsity of Macau)学习，因此打算给该校写一封电子邮件，就一些相关事宜进行咨询。
1、你对学前教育很感兴趣，如何才能被该学校录取。
2、是否需要参加英语考试。
3、该校的奖学金，学费，食宿安排和生活费用等情况怎样。
参考词汇：奖学金scholarship 食宿accommodation
注意：不少于80个词。
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm Li Hua , a Senior Grade Three student from Yuhuai High School in Shantou. Soon I will graduate and I plan to study in your university , so I'm writing to ask for some information.
I am interested in pre-school education, which is especially famous in your university . I really want to do something in this field so I wonder how I can be admitted into your university.
Is it necessary for me to take an English test How much will I have to pay for my education your university How can I apply for the scholarship What I am concerned about is whether you can arrange accommodation for mainland students. What about the usual living costs in your university
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua.
读后续写。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During this past year, I’ve had three instances of car trouble.Each time these things happened, I was sick of the way most people hadn’t bothered to help.One of those times, I was on the side of the road for close to three hours with my big Jeep.I put signs in the windows, big signs that said NEED A JACK (千斤顶), and offered money.Nothing.Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.
He sized up the situation and called for his daughter, who spoke English.He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the Jeep, so we would need something to support it.Then he got a saw (锯子) from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road.We rolled it over and put his jack on top, and we were in business.
I started taking the wheel off, and then, if you can believe it, I broke his tire iron.No worries：He handed it to his wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron.She was back in 15 minutes.We finished the job, and I was a very happy man.
The two of us were dirty and sweaty.His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands.I tried to put a $20 bill in the man’s hand, but he wouldn’t take it, so instead I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could.I asked the little girl where they lived.Mexico, she said.They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks.Then they would go home.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch.
After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.
【参考范文】
When I was about to say goodbye，the girl asked if I’d had lunch.I told her I hadn’t had lunch because I’d been waiting here for help for nearly three hours.The girl said they didn’t have lunch either.She suggested to her parents that we have lunch together.Their truck happened to have some food and some things for the picnic.So we ate together in a vacant lot by the side of the road.During that time，I told about what had happened to me and how I felt.They shared interesting stories about their lives in Mexico and on fruit farms.After lunch，the girl’s mother put a paper bag of fruit in my Jeep.I showed my gratitude again and we said goodbye to each other.
After they left，I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.There were some delicate fruits in the paper bag.I was surprised to find the money I had quietly left them.At the same time，there was a note written by the girl，which read “We are very happy to be able to help you.We have encountered many difficulties and been disappointed.But we met a lot of helpful people，which made us feel very warm.To help others with one’s own ability is also a kind of lifting a finger.The beauty of life comes from these lifting a finger.I hope you have a good life and a happy mood.” This made me very moved，and I would try my best to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and warmer.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元测试（原卷版）
一、阅读理解。
A
★LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL
Grades：Preschool－Grade 8
LCDS.org 703-777-3841
Award-winning school features a low student-teacher ratio(比率)．Courses include art，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computer programming，languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(Bring Your Own Technology)，one-to-one program in fourth through eighth grades.It’s famous for its unique field trips.
★NYSMITH SCHOOL
Grades：3 years－Grade 8
703-552-2912
Top 10 in the world，fun，award-winning program，up to 4 grade levels of diversification(多样化) in reading and math classes，daily science，computers，logic，foreign languages，much more.1∶9 ratio.Minimal(最少的) homework.Hands-on experimental learning，a great attraction for students across the country.2014 Tommy Award from TJ for the special achievement of Nysmith Alumni.
★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS
Grades：6－12
866-461-8039
Fusion Academy is a private middle and high school where all classes are one-to-one：one student and one teacher per classroom.Here，positive relationships unlock students’ potential.Scheduling is personalized，and no homework goes e soon to Tysons，Virginia，and achieve school & life balance.
★RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY
Grades：6－12，Postgraduate
rma.edu 540-636-5484
R-MA is a college-prep boarding school with Air Force JROTC，devoted to developing students of academic achievement，leadership，and responsible citizenship.With smaller classes—on average，14－17 students per class—students at R-MA find themselves building their confidence because our teachers care about each student.Graduating classes have a 100% college acceptance rate and average over $56.6 million in college scholarships offers each year.
1．What makes LCDS different from the others
A．Field trips.
B．A variety of courses.
C．One-to-one classes.
D．Award-winning programs.
2．Why is NYSMITH SCHOOL popular among students
A．It has no homework.
B．It is the world’s best school.
C．It is a frequent winner of the Tommy Award.
D．It gives them a chance to learn from experience.
3．Which school specializes in personalized education
A．LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL.
B．NYSMITH SCHOOL.
C．FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS.
D．RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY.
B
Reilly，my daughter’s yellow Labrador Retriever，enjoys life in the country.He’s friendly，playful and intelligent.Reilly has an active lifestyle.But he’s built like a tank as a foodie.Reilly watches every piece that goes from our hands to our mouths.Drop it，and we don’t stand a chance of beating him to it.It’s gone in one swallow.
If we’re preparing dinner and ignoring him，he catches the edge of his wide-mouthed cheese-ball far with his jaws into the kitchen.His hope is that someone will drop doggie treats in his jar.He drops it with a loud noise onto the hardwood floor.Reilly’s hungry，you see.He’s always hungry.Nobody will refuse to treat him.Then he will take the jar away and drop it on the floor so that the treats bounce out，and he throws himself onto them as fast as lightning.He loves this game!
One day，Reilly disappeared，and my daughter Erin didn’t know where he went.He isn’t allowed to leave the yard，and usually he doesn’t.But he did that day.Erin was worried and walked to neighbors’ homes looking for him.No Reilly.Some time later，the big dog was back...and not empty-handed.In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still warm.Erin felt lightheaded.Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people think when they went outdoors and found their grill empty and their roast gone
Nobody seemed to know a thing about it.One big yellow Lab knew，of course，but he wasn’t talking.“Oh，Reilly，what have you done？” my daughter said.To this day，not a single neighbor has reported such a theft.
4．What is Reilly like
A．He is clumsy.
B．He is aggressive.
C．He has a huge weight.
D．He always follows orders.
5．How does Reilly manage to get food from the kitchen
A．By making loud noise with its jar.
B．By jumping onto the food quickly.
C．By dropping himself onto the floor.
D．By barking at the person who is cooking.
6．What does the underlined word “lightheaded”in paragraph 3 mean
A．Relieved. B．Confused.
C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.
7．What can be known about the beef
A．It was a treat from Erin.
B．Reilly stole it from a thief.
C．Its source remains a mystery.
D．Reilly refused to tell its truth.
C
The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter.First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb.Now it appears that some can count, too.
Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点)on a computer screen.In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose.The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws(爪子)．
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area.This could be explained by the bears’ distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots.However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge.But Brutus, at least, was not defeated.He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence.They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.They are, however，always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts.Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
8．What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A．Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B．Figuring out different colours of dots.
C．Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.
D．Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
9．For the bears, the task was easier when ________.
A．the coloured dots were moving slowly
B．the dot patterns were regular in shape
C．the dots followed a path on the screen
D．more dots covered a larger coloured area
10．What may explain the bears’ high degree of intelligence
A．They learn skills from other animals.
B．They face life challenges on their own.
C．They feed on a diverse range of food.
D．They have complex social networks.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bears Taught to Distinguish Colours
B．New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C．Three Bears Learned How to Count
D．The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
D
If you asked me to dance，I’d probably freeze on the spot and some people say I have two left feet! But with some persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to take to the dance floor and shake some moves and that，apparently，is only natural.
Experts have found as well as being fun，dancing might have helped us to survive as a species.Evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家) Bronwyn Tarr from the University of Oxford believes that dancing alone is one thing but it’s dancing as a group that makes our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones that change how we feel about ourselves and those around us.This is likely to lead to profound social effects.It’s keeping pace with others that makes us happy.Bronwyn Tarr says that “dancing fosters social closeness between people.It helps us build social connections and communities.In our past，those social connections would have been critical for surviving.”
Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health.In Wales there have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes to people who are unwell.The Arts Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits.And Bronwyn Tarr says “more and more we’re actually discovering that your longevity(长寿)—your life expectancy—is predicted by the social connections that you have...still today it’s something we should do more of.”
It could be part of being a conservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer.Look at other nationalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart of their cultural identity.And in Brazil at Carnival time，people let their hair down by dancing together day and night.They seem to be having a good time—so maybe I should get on my feet and dance!
12．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A．He doesn’t like dancing.
B．He does not dance well.
C．He lacks confidence in dancing.
D．He does everything out of nature.
13．What can be inferred from Tarr’s words in Paragraph 2
A．Dancing alone doesn’t benefit at all.
B．Dancing with others helps people survive.
C．It is funny to keep pace with other people.
D．It matters most to dance on social occasions.
14．How does the author feel about dancing in the last paragraph
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Unclear. D．Objective.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．What Makes You a Real Dancer
B．What Can Dances Bring Us
C．Why Do People Love to Dance
D．How Can We Dance Well
二、七选五。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Helping Others Benefits You
Everyone wants to lead a happy and fulfilling life，so it’s natural to want to put yourself and your health first! However，helping other people can also directly help you at the same time.
Here are a few ways that helping others can benefit you：
·Attract more back to you.
When you give，you’re more likely to receive.You don’t necessarily need to keep the receiving in mind when you decide to give，but nature may just take its course. 16 Maybe you’ll come across some good fortune.
·Bring you a good feeling.
If you volunteer your time to help others，you’re sharing your blessings with those less fortunate，which is a wonderful gift to give! You’ll likely return home after volunteering with a smile on your face. 17
·Heighten self-esteem.
When you help others，you may be helping yourself to a heightened self-esteem.A positive result for your good deeds enables you to feel pride in your accomplishments. 18
· 19
After you’ve done something nice，you may also find that your confidence increases.The fact that your helpful acts have turned out so positive might lead you to the confidence you need in your own life.
·Be more positive about your own situation.
Sometimes you’ll find that you’re your own worst critic.You might accept the faults of others，but you may be less likely to accept your own.Helping others can help you to accept your own situation and your own faults. 20
Seek out opportunities，today，to help others.You’ll be glad you did!
A．Strengthen confidence.
B．Make a difference.
C．It may help you to start seeing everything in a more positive light.
D．Maybe a friend will unexpectedly return a favor.
E．It also builds confidence in bigger and better things.
F．Just by completing a giving act，you receive positive feelings in your life.
G．It makes you feel surprised to know that you’ve made a difference in the world.
完形填空。
At three, I was inseparable from my parents. Wherever they went I went, always reaching out for their hands to ensure their 21 . Never having left them until three, I had what is called 22 anxiety. This made preschool a(n) 23 time for all of us.
As we approached my preschool for the first time, one of my hands 4 squeezed my father's hand, and the other nervously grasped my mother's. I was happy and curious—what could this new place be There were other 25 for me to play with and of course toys. Soon I was introduced to my teachers. They guided us towards a small window seat in a classroom. Just then, my parents suddenly 26 my hands and broke away from our group and went a 27 way. They were heading towards the door. Realizing what happened, I attempted to 28 them, only to be held back by my teachers. I shouted, loud enough for my parents, now outside, to 29 . I pressed against the glass, tears down my face. “We call this the Crying Window,” my teachers had told my parents. “Children are often 30 when seeing their parents leave the school without them.” My parents stood outside, tormented by having to stand by while their kid 31 . But soon an older girl appeared. She wrapped her arms around me until I stopped 32 . The hug was comforting like that of my parents. Then she took me away from the 33 . My parents breathed a sigh of 34 .
The girl was Helen, and soon we were best friends. Every day when I was dropped off at school, tears would come but then I would fight them back, as Helen grabbed my hand and led me away. We have developed great 35 since then.
21.A.interest B.presence
C.success D.safety
22.A.health B.graduation
C.employment D.separation
23.A.boring B.exciting
C.difficult D.happy
24.A.carelessly B.tightly
C.easily D.fiercely
25.A.children B.parents
C.teachers D.friends
26.A.caught B.loosened
C.touched D.washed
27.A.curious B.familiar
C.different D.strange
28.A.look after B.look for
C.run after D.run against
29.A.give in B.give up
C.turn out D.turn around
30.A.crazy B.disappointed
C.upset D.angry
31.A.suffered B.fought
C.studied D.swam
32.A.panting B.singing
C.speaking D.crying
33.A.window B.door
C.seat D.floor
34.A.sorrow B.regret
C.relief D.comfort
35.A.friendship B.education
C.careers D.hobbies
五、语法填空。
Switzerland is world-famous for its quality chocolate，with its high-end chocolate brands achieving international 36. (recognize)．However，people in the Swiss town of Olten，near Zurich，got the surprise of their lives earlier this week,37. chocolate snow covered the whole town.Some locals wondered if the brown “snow” was 38. unusual consequence of climate change.However，all became clear after the local chocolate maker Lindt explained the brown shower resulted 39. a fault in its cooling system at its factory.This fault was surely special,40. (allow) blowing winds to move up chocolate dust and spread it over the town.
Many parts of the town 41. (cover) in a layer of light brown，milk chocolate-flavoured dust.A representative from Lindt offered to pay for any cleaning services 42. (require) as a result of the event.To date，no one has asked for help.The spokeswoman set people’s mind at rest with the claim that the cocoa bean powder is 43. (harm) to human health and the environment.She added that factory engineers are working 44. (constant) on repairing the technical problem.The chocolate dust incident led to a lot of jokes on social media.One user posted a comment，saying，“Chocolate snowflakes(雪花) fall from the sky，and it
45. (look) like a dream come true.”
六、应用文写作。
假定你是汕头市聿怀中学将要毕业的高三学生李华，想去澳门大学（Universsity of Macau)学习，因此打算给该校写一封电子邮件，就一些相关事宜进行咨询。
1、你对学前教育很感兴趣，如何才能被该学校录取。
2、是否需要参加英语考试。
3、该校的奖学金，学费，食宿安排和生活费用等情况怎样。
参考词汇：奖学金scholarship 食宿accommodation
注意：不少于80个词。
读后续写。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During this past year, I’ve had three instances of car trouble.Each time these things happened, I was sick of the way most people hadn’t bothered to help.One of those times, I was on the side of the road for close to three hours with my big Jeep.I put signs in the windows, big signs that said NEED A JACK (千斤顶), and offered money.Nothing.Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.
He sized up the situation and called for his daughter, who spoke English.He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the Jeep, so we would need something to support it.Then he got a saw (锯子) from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road.We rolled it over and put his jack on top, and we were in business.
I started taking the wheel off, and then, if you can believe it, I broke his tire iron.No worries：He handed it to his wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron.She was back in 15 minutes.We finished the job, and I was a very happy man.
The two of us were dirty and sweaty.His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands.I tried to put a $20 bill in the man’s hand, but he wouldn’t take it, so instead I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could.I asked the little girl where they lived.Mexico, she said.They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks.Then they would go home.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I’d had lunch.
After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
