2023届高考英语复习专题阅读理解课件(49张ppt)

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2023届
大题小做
专题一　阅读理解
在高考试卷中,阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内阅读四篇不同体裁、题材的文章并完成相应的题目。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思,还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对综合能力的考查,命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。
为了帮助考生清楚地了解阅读理解的情况,下面将具体分析全国卷阅读理解的命题特点:
1.体裁和题材
卷别 A篇 B篇 C篇 D篇
2021新高考Ⅰ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 人物故事类(记叙文) 科普说明类(说明文) 社会文化类(说明文)
2021全国甲卷 应用广告类(应用文) 科普说明类(说明文) 人物故事类(记叙文) 科普说明类(说明文)
2021全国乙卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(说明文) 社会文化类(记叙文) 社会文化类(议论文)
2020新高考Ⅰ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(记叙文) 社会文化类(说明文) 社会文化类(说明文)
2020全国Ⅰ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(夹叙夹议文) 社会文化类(说明文) 科普说明类(说明文)
2020全国Ⅱ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(新闻报道) 社会文化类(说明文) 社会文化类(记叙文)
2020全国Ⅲ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(新闻报道) 社会文化类(新闻报道) 社会文化类(说明文)
2019全国Ⅰ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(记叙文) 科普说明类(说明文) 社会文化类(议论文)
2019全国Ⅱ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(夹叙夹议文) 社会文化类(说明文) 科普说明类(说明文)
2019全国Ⅲ卷 应用广告类(应用文) 社会文化类(议论文) 社会文化类(说明文) 社会文化类(说明文)
卷别 细节理解题 主旨大意题 推理判断题 词义推断题
2021新高考Ⅰ卷 6题 2题 6题 1题
2021全国甲卷 6题 1题 7题 1题
2021全国乙卷 8题 1题 5题 1题
2020新高考Ⅰ卷 9题 1题 4题 1题
2020全国Ⅰ卷 8题 2题 4题 1题
2020全国Ⅱ卷 8题 1题 4题 2题
2020全国Ⅲ卷 7题 3题 4题 1题
2019全国Ⅰ卷 7题 2题 5题 1题
2019全国Ⅱ卷 8题 2题 4题 1题
2019全国Ⅲ卷 6题 1题 7题 1题
细节理解题
只有准确理解全部细节,才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想,因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的。因此,细节类的理解题既可检测考生对主旨大意理解的深度,又可检测他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。
(2021·全国乙卷,A篇)
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 AD, the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.Capacity: 107,601.Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.Capacity: 106,572.Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.Capacity: 104,944.Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S.Capacity: 102,512.Opened: September 24, 1927.
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601.
C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects.
【大题拆解】
在阅读理解题中,查找主要事实或特定细节题型常见的设问形式:
1.Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)
2.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
3.All of the following are true except　　　　.
4.The author (or the passage) states that　　　　.
5.According to the passage,when...
【答题要诀】
1.细节题的解答可以先从问题中抓住关键词。
2.然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧在文章中快速寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句。
3.仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
【答案与解析】
文章主要介绍了世界上一些著名的大型体育馆的基本情况。目前这些体育馆仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。
21.D　细节题。根据第1段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可知,Circus Maximus可以容纳大约25万人。
22.C　细节题。根据文章中五个著名体育馆的开放时间介绍可知,Ohio Stadium开放时间最早,是年代最久远的体育馆。
23.A　细节题。根据文中的“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.” 可知,这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,A篇)Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ).The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
...
21.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A.Comfort.　　　B.Security.
C.Price. D.Location.
第一步　题干定位:
题干中的关键词是 the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel。
第二步　锁定信息:
文中与题干相对应的信息是第1句“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.”。
第三步　分析对比:
文中信息与C项Price相匹配。对于旅行者来说,罗马可能很昂贵,这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因。由此可知,选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。
(全国Ⅰ卷,A篇)Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, DC
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, DC in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A.Meet famous people.
B.Go to a national park.
C.Visit well-known museums.
D.Enjoy interesting stories.
第一步　锁定关键词:
题干中的关键词是Capital City Bike Tour。
第二步　定位相关信息:
文中相关的信息是entertain you with the most interesting stories。
第三步　分析对比:
文中entertain you with the most interesting stories与D项Enjoy interesting stories相匹配,是同义替换,故选D项。
(2022·重庆模考)You can visit as many attractions as you want—even more with the time saved with fast track entry. You don’t need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending.
Offer Ends: Fri. Feb 13.
New York Pass Prices:
Product Price
1DayAdultPass $75
1DayChildPass $55
2DayAdultPass $110
2DayChildPass $90
3DayAdultPass $112
3DayChildPass $96
7DayAdultPass $144
7DayChildPass $112
Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January, how much should he pay for the New York Pass
A.$520.　　　　　　　B.$420.
C.$380. D.$304.
第一步　题干定位:
题干中的关键词是Jack and his two kids、three days和in January。内容考查观光价格。
第二步　锁定信息:
文中相关的信息是表格中的3 Day Adult Pass和3 Day Child Pass,2月13日之前成人价格是$112,儿童价格是$96。
第三步　正确计算:
一名成人需要$112,两名儿童需要$192,共计$304,故选D项。
(2022·湖北七市联考)Recently, a 1935 letter in which Ernest Hemingway detailed his catch of a 500 lb blue marlin (青枪鱼), an adventure that is believed to have partly inspired his novel The Old Man and the Sea, has been sold for $28,000 (￡22,000).
...
Nate D Sanders, the auction (拍卖) company which sold the letter, said it documented for the first time in Hemingway’s own words not only the size of the marlin, but also the attack by sharks, reflecting the plot of the novel.
...
The Old Man and the Sea was also inspired by an anecdote told by Hemingway’s Cuban friend Carlos Gutierrez. In 1936, Hemingway wrote in a magazine ... about an old fisherman who caught a great marlin alone.
Three years later, Hemingway ... was planning a short story ... he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954.
Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage
①Hemingway wrote a letter to describe his adventure.
②Hemingway caught a big blue marlin.
③The letter was sold at auction.
④The Old Man and The Sea won the Nobel Prize.
A.①③②④　　B.②①④③ C.②④①③ D.②③①④
第一步　事实信息:
1.写信内容是关于青枪鱼的,说明先捉到鱼,后写信。
2.捉到青枪鱼的事激发他写了《老人与海》。
第二步　分析对比:
《老人与海》使他获得了诺贝尔奖,成名之后这封信被拍卖。
第三步　锁定答案:
最早的事件是捉到鱼,最后的事件是拍卖信。故选B项。
(2022·辽宁实验中学模考)... So, now that you know what style is, you’ll need to buy some clothes. But where In the UK, you can get really cheap, stylish, second-hand clothes at charity shops. They’re great if you want exclusive labels but don’t want to pay the price. The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are. But don’t worry, Leila Gray can help you here. She’s the proud owner of a vintage Hardy Amies coat, picked up at a charity shop for ￡20—a good deal when you realize it cost more than ￡800 new. “You have to go to the richer areas of a city,” she says. “That’s where all the labels are. It can take a bit of hunting around, but that is half the fun, and there’s a lot of buried treasure just waiting to be discovered.”
What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Getting clothes of leading brands.
B.Buying clothes at rather low prices.
C.Searching for really good bargains.
D.Starting a charity shop selling clothes.
第一步　锁定内容:
内容与主题语境中的购物有关。
第二步　明确句意:
这可能需要多逛一逛,但这是一半的乐趣所在,还有很多被埋藏的宝藏等待被发现。
第三步　分析文本:
根据上文中的“The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are.”可知,唯一的困难是找到真正物美价廉的商品的所在地;该句提到需要多逛一逛,还有很多被埋藏的宝藏等待被发现。由此可知,that指代寻找物美价廉的物品。故选C项。
主题:性价比高的旅馆　关注指数:★★★★
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,A篇)Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ).The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason.It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy.As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun.Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station.It offers beautiful furnishings and beds.There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions.The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉、安全舒适的旅馆。
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A.Comfort.　　　　　 B.Security.
C.Price. D.Location.
1.C　细节题。根据第1段第1句“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.”可知,选择住旅馆的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A.Yellow Hostel.
B.Youth Station Hostel.
C.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
2.C　细节题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分中的“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.”可知,如果人们喜欢社交旅馆,在罗马Hostel Alessandro Palace是最适合的旅馆。
3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A.It charges for Wi-Fi.
B.It gets noisy at night.
C.Its staff is too talkative.
D.It’s inconveniently located.
3.A　细节题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分中的“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”可知,Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是使用Wi-Fi要收费。
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar.-29 Oct.,Sun. to Thurs.
Tearoom,Gardens & Gift Shop:10:30-17:00(16:00 in Oct.).
House:11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct.).
Town:Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open:Mon. to Sat. and Summer Sundays. 10:30-17:00 Summer.10:30-16:00 Winter.
Town:Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr.-31 Oct.:Mon. to Sat. 10:00-17:00, Sun. 11:00-17:00.
Low Season 1 Nov.-31 Mar.: Mon. to Sat. 10:00-16:30, Sun. 12:00-16:30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open:Daily, 09:30-17:30 (last admission 17:00).
Town:Grasmere
【语篇解读】本文介绍了几个景点的特色、位置和参观时间。
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A.09:30-17:30.
B.10:30-16:00.
C.11:15-16:00.
D.12:00-16:30.
1.C　细节题。根据Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens部分中的“House:11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct.)”可知答案。
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
A.Enjoy Romney’s works.
B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival.
D.Learn the history of a family.
2.A　细节题。根据Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum部分中的“The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.”可知,在这个博物馆,游客可以欣赏到Romney的作品。
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life
A.Penrith.
B.Kendal.
C.Carlisle.
D.Grasmere.
3.D　细节题。根据Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum部分中的介绍以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知,如果游客想了解Wordsworth的生活,他们可以去Grasmere。
The End