课件35张PPT。 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Grammar
表示转折关系和让步关系的连词和副词【探究寻规】
选择适当的连词填空。
however although/though while but
1. Norway is at the top of the list, _____ the US is at number 7.
2. The report shows that we are making some progress____
that we need to make greater efforts.
3. ________________ developed countries give some financial
help, they need to give much more.
4. ________ difficult the task is, they won’t give up.
5. Child_______ he is, he has to work to support his family. while butAlthough/ThoughHowever though【语法精点】
一、基础点拨
1. but和however。 *He is a hard-working but not very intelligent boy.
他是个用功但不是很聪明的孩子。
*It is cold in winter here, but it is not hot in summer.
这里冬天很冷，但是夏天不热。
*His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他最初的反应是不同意，可是后来他改变了主意。
*You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。【名师点津】but作连词还可用于 “I’m sorry/ Excuse me, but. . . “ 句式中表示歉意，but本身没有意义。
*I’m sorry, but it has nothing to do with you.
对不起，不过这和你无关。 2. although和though。
(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为 “尽管，虽然” ，一般情况下可以互换使用，但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。although和though都不能和并列连词but连用，但可以和yet或still连用(因为yet和still是副词而不是连词)。
*Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.
(=He is in poor health, but he works hard. ) (2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as，把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。
*Young though/as he is, he is quite experienced.
他虽然年轻，但很有经验。
*Child though/as she was, she was fit for the job.
虽然还是个孩子，她却适合这份工作。
*Much though/as he loved her, he didn’t tell her.
尽管他非常爱她，但他并没有告诉她。
*Try though/as I might, I didn’t lift the stone.
尽管我试了，我还是搬不动那块石头。 【名师点津】though还可作副词，放在句末，用逗号和主句分开，相当于however, 意为 “然而” 。
*He said he would come, he didn’t, though.
他说他要来，结果却没来。 3. while。
while作连词时用法较多，主要有以下几种含义：
(1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句，表示 “虽然，尽管” ，可与although或though替换，此时while位于句首。
*While I’m willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有太多可用的时间。
*While the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
虽然网络很有帮助，但我认为在网上花费大量时间不是个好主意。 (2)while作并列连词表转折，强调前后句的对比关系，意为 “然而” ，此时while不能位于句首。
* In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.
在一些地方，人们期望女士挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。
*He went out for a walk while I stayed at home.
他去散步了，而我却待在家里。 二、难点突破
while，but与however表转折：
1. while是并列连词，强调前后句的对比关系。
2. but表示强烈的转折关系，但不表示对比。
3. however为副词，位于两句话中间，前后用逗号隔开，独立成句。
*I ought to have helped her，but I never could.
我本该帮她但不能。
*Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
*He was feeling bad, however he went to work.
他感觉不舒服，但仍然去上班。 【高考体验】
如何区别连词：
1. 仔细审读题目，确定语境给出的信息，
把握题目考查的角度。
2. 分析选项，确定选项中连词的类别。
3. 结合语境选出最佳选项。1. （2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ）I was glad to meet Jenny again, _______I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
A. but B. and C. so D. or
思路分析：选A。考查连词。句意：再次见到珍妮我很高兴，但是我不想一整天都和她待在一起。but但是；and并且，和；so因此；or或者，否则。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。2. （2013·天津高考）______small, the company has about
1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
思路分析：选C。考查连词。句意：虽然规模小，但是这家公司在30多个国家大约有1 000家采购商。if如果；once一旦；as因为，虽然，随着；although虽然。as引导让步状语从句时需倒装，故根据句意选C。3. （2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery______ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A. since B. if C. as D. while
解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。
思路分析：选D。考查连词。句意：无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎有同样聪慧的人却没能做到。根据句意可知，前后之间是对比转折的关系。while可以表示对比转折，意思是 “然而” 。4. (2012·安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ is often thought to be the richest woman in the world. ______, her personal wealth seems rather small.
A. Besides B. Otherwise
C. However D. Altogether
解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。
思路分析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：人们经常认为伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富似乎很少。分析语境可知前面的句子和逗号之后的句子为转折关系，however然而，可是，符合句意，故C项为正确答案。besides此外；otherwise否则，要不然；altogether总之。5. (2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I don’t believe we’ve met before, ______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore B. although
C. since D. unless
解题关键：结合句意分析句子结构。
思路分析：选B。考查连词和状语从句。句意: 我认为我们以前没见过面, 尽管我必须承认你看起来确实很面熟。根据句意可知, 前后之间是转折关系。therefore因此; although虽然, 尽管; 但是therefore为副词，不符合句子结构；since自从, 既然; unless除非，不符合句意。所以选B。6. (2012·湖南高考) ______I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While B. Once C. If D. Until
解题关键：while引导让步状语从句时要位于句首。
思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意: 尽管我总是会感到我能通过考试, 但是我从没有想过我会得个 “优” 。A项while尽管，引导让步状语从句，符合句意；B项once一旦, 曾经，引导时间状语从句；C项if 如果，引导条件状语从句；D项until直到，引导时间状语从句。7. (2012·湖南高考) ______hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However B. Whatever
C. Whichever D. Whenever
解题关键：however引导让步状语从句的用法。
思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：无论你多么努力地尝试, 在不减少你的食量的情况下很难减肥。however无论如何, 不管怎样, 引导让步状语从句的结构为：however + adj. / adv. +主语+谓语。whatever无论什么样; whichever无论哪一个; whenever无论何时。8. （2012·陕西高考）Hot ______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as
C. while D. however
解题关键：as引导让步状语从句要使用倒装结构。
思路分析：选B。考查状语从句和倒装。句意: 尽管晚间的空气很热, 我们还是睡得很沉, 因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。句子前半部分为让步状语从句, A项、B项、C项都可表示 “尽管” , 引导让步状语从句, 但此句为倒装结构, 表语hot 提前, 只有as 引导让步状语从句要用倒装语序, although与while 不能用倒装，所以B项符合题意。Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. (2013·景德镇高一检测) He devoted every spare moment to studying English, ______ his wife was devoted to music.
A. when B. though C. if D. while
【解析】选D。考查连词。句意：他将业余时间致力于学习英语，而他的妻子致力于音乐。根据句意可知前后两句话表示对比，故用while然而。2. (2013·宿州高一检测) If we work with a strong will, we can get over any difficulty, ______great it is.
A. how B. however
C. no matter what D. whatever
【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：如果我们工作时意志坚强，我们可以战胜任何困难，不管它有多大。根据句意可知这是一个让步状语从句，修饰形容词great，要用however。3. (2013·郑州高一检测) ______everyone else wouldn’t go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.
A. As long as B. While
C. In spite of D. Where
【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：尽管没有其他人愿意去山区，但是他毫不犹豫地去了。位于句首引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管” ，要用while。as long as只要；in spite of不管，是介词短语，不能引导从句；where引导地点状语从句。4. Young ______he is, he devotes every minute to reading the English newspaper.
A. though B. although C. while D. however
【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管他年龄很小，他把时间都用在读英语报纸上。分析句子结构可知表语形容词young前置于句首，可知引导句子的连词能用于倒装结构，四个连词都可以引导让步状语从句，但是用倒装结构的只有though。though/as引导让步状语从句时，可提前表语、状语或动词原形。5. Jeans are popular with teenagers nowadays, ______they are not appropriate for a normal party.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
【解析】选C。考查并列连词。句意：目前牛仔服很受年轻人的喜欢，但是它们不适合在正式晚会上穿。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but表示语意的转折。6. Many people donated a lot of money to the disaster area, that’s far from enough,_______ .
A. however B. though C. but D. yet
【解析】选B。考查副词。句意：许多人向灾区捐了很多钱，然而还远远不够。前后两个分句为转折关系，但是根据空前的逗号可知要填入的为表示转折的副词，排除but，另外however一般用于句首或句中，yet一般不用逗号和句子的其他成分隔开。though作表转折的副词，常位于句中或句末，用逗号隔开，故选B项。7. She prefers the sofa made of real leather______ it costs more than that made of artificial leather.
A. although B. while C. since D. as
【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：她喜欢真皮沙发，尽管真皮沙发的价钱比人造革的沙发贵很多。while引导让步状语从句要位于句首；since由于，既然，不符合句意；as引导让步状语从句时使用倒装结构；故选A项。8. I thought he would offer to pick me up.______ , he even refused me when I asked him to do so.
A. In other words B. However
C. What’s more D. Otherwise
【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：我认为他会主动开车接我。然而，当我要求他接时他甚至拒绝了。in other words换句话说；however然而；what’s more另外；otherwise否则。9. ______our football team failed in the match, we did our best.
A. Though B. But C. Because D. As
【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管我们的足球队输了比赛，但是我们都尽力了。though引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管，虽然” ，符合句意。but但是；because因为；as因为, 当……的时候, 作 “尽管” 讲时要用倒装结构。【变式训练】
______, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be student
【解析】选B。在由as/though引导的让步状语从句中，可以把名词/动词/形容词/副词提前，形成倒装，如果是可数名词，名词前用零冠词。10. Although he had to pick up his friend, ______he couldn’t find time to do it.
A. so B. but C. yet D. or
【解析】选C。考查连词。句意：他要去接他的朋友，可是找不到时间去接。although引导让步状语从句不与but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。Ⅱ. 选用合适的词填空
1. Please keep still _____ (while/though) I am taking photos for
you.
2. ______ (As/While) the task was difficult, we managed to
finish it on time.
3. Hearing that he got the first place, he was surprised ___
(however/but) happy. whileWhilebut4. At first he insisted that he was right, ________
(however/though), he admitted he was wrong at last.
5. Hard _______ (although/though) she worked, she still failed
again.
6. He promised to come to my party; he didn’t, _______
(though/but). howeverthoughthough课件85张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Integrating Skills Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 根据所给英语解释写出单词。
(1)_________ all the people living together in one house
(2)_______ an organization that collects money or
goods to help people who are poor or sick
(3)_________ a method of traveling from one place to
another
(4)________ to give someone something and at the
same time receive the same kind of thing
from themhouseholdcharitytransportexchange2. 根据所给词性及汉语意思写出单词。
(1)________ (adj. )拥挤的→crowd (n. )人群(v. )拥挤，挤满
(2)__________ (n. )居民→inhabit (vi. )居住
(3)_________ (n. )类似；相似→_______(adj. )相似的
→similarly (adv. )类似地
(4)___________ (adj. )不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately (adv. )
不幸地→_________ (adj. )幸运的→_______(n. )运气，财富crowded inhabitant similaritysimilarunfortunatefortunatefortune(5)_______ (n. )位置；所在地→locate (v. )定位，定居，位于
→_______(adj. )坐落在，位于
(6)_______ (n. )旅游业→______(n. )游客→tour (n. )旅游 (v. )
旅行；巡回演出
(7)________ (adj. )受到污染的→pollute (v. )污染→________(n. )
污染
(8)_____________ (n. )娱乐→entertain (v. )使快乐；款待locationlocatedtourismtouristpolluted pollutionentertainmentⅡ. 短语互译
1. 与……有联系；与……有关 ________________
2. 进行比较 ________________
3. 靠近；接近 _________
4. 一样大小的 ______________
5. 结果，因此 _________
6. medical care _________
7. in particular ___________
8. collect money ___________
9. be willing to do sth. ___________be connected withmake comparisonsbe close toof the same sizeas a result医疗保健尤其，特别筹资，筹钱愿意做某事Ⅲ．完成句子
1. 在贫困的国家，无家可归者占有更大的比例。
In a poor country, _________________________the population
is homeless. (修饰比较级的副词)
2. 北京的高速公路不如悉尼的多。
Beijing doesn’t have __________________Sydney does.
(as. . . as引导比较状语从句)
3. 你认为它怎么样？
_______________it? (how疑问句问态度) a much larger percentage ofas many freeways asHow do you find4. 这是在规模和年代相似的两个城镇之间的一份协议，并且
它们之间往往有着相似的特征，如旅游业、工业、文化以及
娱乐方面。
It’s an agreement between towns or cities ___________________,
and which have similar features such as tourism, industry,
culture and entertainment. (of+表示种类、大小、年龄的名词)
5. 这是因为与一个外国家庭在一起生活一两周意味着你将不
得不讲他们的语言，结果是你进步很快。
_____________living with a foreign family for one or two
weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a
result you improve fast. (because引导表语从句) of similar size and ageThis is because1. crowded adj. 拥挤的
【语境领悟】
①Beijing has a lot more inhabitants than Sydney and is much more crowded.
北京比悉尼的居民多得多，而且也拥挤得多。
②The beaches were crowded with holidaymakers every hot Sunday in summer.
夏季每个炎热的星期日，海滨都挤满了度假的人。【归纳拓展】
be crowded with 挤满，充满
crowd n. 人群
v. 聚集，挤满
③It took some two hours before the crowd was fully broke up.
用了大约两个小时才把人群完全驱散。
④The students crowded the stadium to watch the basketball match.
学生们挤满了体育馆来观看篮球比赛。
⑤People crowded on the square because of the earthquake. 由于地震，人们拥挤在广场上。【名师点津】 crowd作名词 “人群” 讲时，是集体名词。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数；若视为其个体成员，谓语动词用复数。【巧学助记】
Crowds of people crowded into the crowded exhibition.
成群的人们挤进了拥挤的展览会。【即学活用】用所给词的正确形式填空。
①人群向前移动，谁也没有试图阻止。
The crowd______ (move) on, and no one tries to stop it.
②人群往四面八方跑去。
The crowd _____ (be) running in all directions.
③北京的街道有时会非常拥挤。
The streets in Beijing sometimes can be very ________ (crowd). moveswerecrowded2. similarity n. 类似；相似；相似之处
【语境领悟】
①There was a very basic similarity in our lifetime philosophy. 我们的人生哲学在根本上很相似。【归纳拓展】
(1)similar adj. 相似的
be similar to . . . with. . . 和……在……方面相似
(2)similarly adv. 相似地； 类似地
②The two words are similar to each other in pronunciation.
这两个单词在发音方面相似。
③The twins are dressed similarly.
这对双胞胎穿着相似。【即学活用】
(2012·湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any______.
A. symptom B. similarity
C. sample D. shadow
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：定期检查你的眼睛对核查是否有眼部疾病的迹象很重要，这些眼部疾病可能没有任何症状。symptom 症状；similarity 类似，相似；sample样本，标本；shadow影子。这里指的是眼部疾病的 “症状” ，所以应该选A。3. exchange n. 交换；兑换；交流；交易所
v. 交换；兑换；交易
【语境领悟】
①There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams.
在学校、剧团、体育队之间都有一些访问和交流活动。
②Tom gave Helen an apple in exchange for a piece of cake. 汤姆用一个苹果与海伦换了一块蛋糕。③President Xi Jinping and President Obama exchanged their ideas about the policy of the two countries.
习近平主席和奥巴马总统就两国的政策进行了交流。
④I wouldn’t exchange my iPhone 5 with him for anything.
无论他拿什么东西，我都不换我的苹果5手机。【归纳拓展】
in exchange for. . . 交换……
exchange sth. with sb. (for sth. ) 用某物和某人交换(某物)【名师点津】exchange着重强调双方的行为或动作，
而change则侧重于单方的行为或动作。试比较：
Let’s exchange our seats. 我们交换座位吧。
I changed my seat. 我换了座位。【巧学助记】 双向的exchange【即学活用】
I have offered to paint the house ______a week’s accommodation(住宿).
A. in exchange for B. with regard to
C. by means of D. in place of
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意：我主动提出粉刷房子，条件是让我免费住宿一周。in exchange for作为交换；with regard to关于；by means of通过……的方式；in place of代替。4. be connected with与……有联系; 与……有关
【语境领悟】
①Which word is connected with building?
哪个单词与建筑有关？
②These are technical terms connected with computers.
这些是和电脑相关的术语。 【想一想】
表示 “与……有关” 的短语还有哪些？
【参考答案】表示 “与……有关” 的短语
be related to; have something to do with; have connection with; be involved in【即学活用】
(2010·福建高考) —In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two______ .
A. linked B. related
C. connected D. combined
【解析】选D。后句句意：我完全同意。把这两者结合起来太好了。该句用了have sth. done结构，combine在句中的意思是 “使结合；同时做两件不同的事” 。link “联系” ；relate “使有联系” ；connect “连接” ，这三项均与语境意义不符。5. be close to接近；靠近；几乎，可能
【语境领悟】
①Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.
对于这两个城市来说，旅游业都很重要，而且这两个城市与该地区的美丽乡村近在咫尺。【归纳拓展】
(1)close adj. 亲密的；亲近的；紧密的
adv. 接近地，紧密地
v. 关；结束；靠近
close down 关闭，歇业
(2)closely adv. 亲密地；密切地
②We are close friends for many years.
我们是多年的密友了。
③It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold so she stood close to her mother.
雨下得很大。小玛丽觉得冷，所以她紧挨着妈妈站着。④Many shops closed down because of being influenced by this crisis.
由于这次危机的影响，许多商店倒闭了。
⑤We were so closely packed in the elevator I could hardly move.
我们在电梯里挤得这么紧，我几乎动弹不得。
【易混辨析】【巧学助记】
The close friend who was close to the window closed the curtain and watched the situation out of the window closely from behind the curtain.
靠近窗户的那位密友拉上了窗帘，从窗帘的后面密切注视着窗外的情形。【即学活用】用close/closely填空。
①It is good manners for an Arab to stand _____ to his friend
when they are talking.
②The girl standing _____ to him is ______ related to his
brother. closecloseclosely6. as a result结果，因此
【语境领悟】
①He was lazy. As a result, he failed the exam.
=As a result of his laziness, he failed the exam.
由于懒惰，他没有通过考试。【归纳拓展】
(1)as a result of 由于，因为
(2)result in 导致，造成
result from 由……造成，起因于
②It is said that experts haven’t made sure of what H7N9 results from.
据说专家还没有弄清楚H7N9是由于什么导致的。
③The earthquake in Ya’an resulted in the deaths of more than 100.
雅安地震导致100多人丧生。【巧学助记】 对比记忆 “因果” 【即学活用】
(2012·江西高考)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris.______ , he had a wonderful time.
A. Above all B. What’s more
C. As a result D. On the contrary
【解析】选D。考查固定短语辨析。句意：他看起来给人的印象是他在巴黎过得不愉快。相反，他度过了一段美好时光。A项意为 “首要的是” ；B项意为 “另外” ；C项意为 “结果是” ；D项意为 “相反” 。7. In a poor country, a much larger percentage of the population is homeless.
在贫困的国家，无家可归者占有更大的比例。
【句式分析】
much在句中为程度副词，放在形容词和副词的比较级前，修饰比较级，此类副词还有：a lot, a bit, a little, rather, far, even, still, no, any等。①They did far better than I had expected.
他们比我预期做得好得多。
②Matters in that area are a lot more serious than ever expected.
那个地区的情况比曾预期的严重很多。【即学活用】
(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much______.
A. the best B. best
C. better D. the better
【解析】选D。考查固定结构。句意：结果对我们来说不是很重要，但如果我们确实赢了，那就更好了。so much the better固定结构，意思是 “那就更好了” ，表示说话人的期望。8. It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
这是在规模和年代相似的两个城镇之间的一份协议，并且它们之间往往有着相似的特征，如旅游业、工业、文化以及娱乐方面。
【句式分析】(2)of + a(n)/the same/adj. + n. 结构，在句中充当表语，指某物或某人属于或具有(某种特征、情感、品质等)。常用于这个句型的名词有：size, length, height, width, weight, colour, age, kind, type等。
①The twins are of the same height.
这对双胞胎身高一样。
②They are of an age. 他们同岁。【名师点津】在此结构中的抽象名词还可用importance，use，significance，benefit，help，interest，value，courage，fame，nature，beauty，wealth等，名词前可以加much，great，little，some，any，no等表示程度。
③His proposal is of great value for us to save the wounded.
他的提议对于我们营救伤员很有价值。【即学活用】完成句子。
①这些形状不同、大小各异的钱币被埋在地下已经有500多年
了。
The coins ________________________have been buried
underground for more than 500 years.
②他的建议对于我们来说非常有价值。
His advice is _____________to us. of different sizes and shapesof much value9. This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
这是因为与一个外国家庭在一起生活一两周意味着你将不得不讲他们的语言，结果是你进步很快。【句式分析】①He got the first prize in the English speech contest again. This is because he keeps speaking English every day. 他再次取得英语演讲比赛的第一名。这是因为他每天都练习说英语。
②He was caught in the rain. That’s why he is absent from school today.
他淋雨了，那就是他今天没上学的原因。【名师点津】That’s because. . . 中because引导的表语从句
解释的是原因；That’s why. . . 中why引导的表语从句说明
的是结果。【即学活用】
(2013·安徽高考)From space, the earth looks blue. This is______ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：从太空上看，地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为它表面大约71％都被水覆盖着。because引导表语从句，表示原因，符合句意。why意为 “为什么” ，所接句子表示结果；how 表示方式；whether意为 “是否” 。1. in particular特别，尤其
【语境领悟】
①His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.
他的发言是泛指大多数人，不是特别针对某一个人的。【归纳拓展】
be particular about 对……讲究的、挑剔的
②Don’t be too particular about what you eat and wear; pay more attention to your study and work.
不要太讲究吃穿，应该多注意学习和工作。【即学活用】
(2011·江西高考)She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ______about her job.
A. special B. responsible
C. unusual D. particular
【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。句意：她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。be particular about. . . 对……挑剔。2. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事，乐意做某事
【语境领悟】
①Though I need money for myself, I’m still willing to help.
尽管我自己也需要钱，但是我仍然乐于助人。
②Whether you are willing to take responsibility or not, you must.
不管你愿不愿意承担责任，你必须得承担。 【想一想】表示 “乐意做某事” 的短语还有哪些？
【参考答案】 “乐意做某事” 的短语
be prepared to do sth.
would like to do sth.
feel like doing sth.
be ready to do sth. 【即学活用】
I am ______to overlook your mistake, however, some others won’t.
A. anxious B. willing C. kind D. unwilling
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：我乐意忽略你的错误，但是别人不乐意。anxious担忧的；willing乐意的，自愿的，心甘情愿的；kind仁慈的，和蔼的，亲切的；unwilling不愿意的。3. Beijing doesn’t have as many freeways as Sydney does.
北京的高速公路不如悉尼的多。
【句式分析】
“as many/much + n. +as” 是固定结构，表示 “像……那样多的……” ，此结构中的名词若可数，用as many as；若不可数，则用as much as。
①She has written as many essays as her brother.
她写的论文和她弟弟写的一样多。
②Beijing doesn’t have as much tourism as Hong Kong.
北京的旅游业不如香港发达。③The man can earn as much as 10, 000 dollars every month.
那个人每月能挣多达一万美元。
④As many as 100 students came to attend his lecture.
多达100名学生参加了他的讲座。
⑤Her face turned as white as snow as a result of fear.
由于恐惧，她的脸变得雪白。【归纳拓展】
as many as 与……一样多，多达(后接可数名词)
as much as 与……一样多，多达(后接不可数名词)
as +adj. /adv. +as
与……一样……
as long as 长达；只要
as far as 远至【即学活用】
(2010·上海高考) In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ______the local market.
A. longer than B. more than
C. as much as D. as far as
【解析】选D。句意：在古代，人们很少进行长距离旅行，大多数农民到的最远的地方就是当地市场。as far as远至/到……，符合句意； longer than比……长； more than多于，不止；as much as和……一样多，均不符合题意。4. How do you find it? 你认为它怎么样？
【句式分析】
“How do you find. . . ?” 是固定句式，表示说话人向别人提问对于某事物的看法。
①—How do you find this film?
——你觉得这部电影怎么样？
—Very interesting.
——非常有趣。②—How do you find the fun_ction of the virtual keyboard on the iPhone?
——你认为苹果手机上虚拟键盘的功能怎么样？
—Oh, I’m still not used to it.
——哦，我还是用不习惯。【名师点津】How do you find. . . ? 还可以表示 “你是如何发现……的？
【想一想】“认为……怎么样” 的其他表达方式还有哪些？
【参考答案】 “认为……怎么样” 的句式
What do you think of sb. / sth. ?
How do you like sb. / sth. ?
How do you think about sb. / sth. ?
What is your opinion about sb. /sth. ?
What’s sb. / sth. like?
How do you feel sb. / sth. ?【即学活用】
—How do you find the film you saw last night?
—______. I can’t think too highly of it.
A. It’s really splendid B. It all depends
C. It’s just so-so D. It makes no sense
【解析】选A。考查情景交际。句意：——你认为昨晚看的电影怎么样？——真的很精彩。我评价再高也不过分。It’s really splendid. 真的很精彩；It all depends. 视情况而定；It’s just so-so. 一般；It makes no sense. 毫无意义。根据I can’t think too highly of it. 可知答案选A。 Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. (2013·包头高一检测) She has been eating less and doing more exercise. ______ , she has lost weight.
A. As a result B. In return
C. In fact D. In charge
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一直吃得很少，运动量大。结果，她体重下降了。as a result结果；in return作为回报；in fact事实上；in charge主管。【变式训练】
______the terrible earthquake, the population of this small town decreased by 20%.
A. As a result B. As a result of
C. Because D. Thanks to
【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于可怕的地震，这个小镇的人口减少了百分之二十。as a result结果；as a result of由于；because因为；thanks to幸亏，由于。根据句意可以排除A、D项；因为because后接从句，故选B项。2. People often go to the supermarket because the goods there are of good ______.
A. quantity B. qualities C. quality D. quantities
【解析】选C。考查of的固定结构。句意：人们经常去超市，因为那里的商品质量好。 “of +adj. + 抽象名词” 表示主语的特征，quantity数量，quality质量，后者为不可数名词，故选C项。3. Because of the bad economic situation, the country’s growth rate______ zero.
A. close to B. got closed to
C. was closed to D. was close to
【解析】选D。考查动词短语。句意：由于不好的经济形势，这个国家的增长率接近零。be/get close to接近，靠近。4. The reason ______he refused to attend the meeting was ______they didn’t give him an invitation earlier.
A. how; that B. why; because
C. why; that D. that; because
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：他拒绝参加会议的原因是他们没有早点邀请他。分析句子结构可知_______ he refused to attend the meeting为定语从句，先行词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词why；was之后的表语从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that。故选C项。5. Although I don’t agree with you completely, my opinion is quite______ yours in many ways.
A. similar to B. similar in
C. the same to D. different from
【解析】选A。句意：尽管我不完全同意你的意见，但是我的观点在很多方面跟你的类似。be similar to与……类似，符合句意。be similar in在某方面类似；be the same to与……一样；be different from与……不同，均与题意不符。6. (2013·江西高考)There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______ twenty.
A. as few as B. as little as
C. as many as D. as much as
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。句意：仅涉及少量的人，可能少于20。根据前面的a small number of people可知人极少，as few as 和……一样少，至多；修饰人不能用little或much，而as many as 强调 “多达……” 。7. When you go abroad, you can take different kinds of: by train______, by plane and so on.
A. ways B. transport
C. voyage D. ideas
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：当你去国外时，你可以乘坐不同的交通工具：坐火车、坐飞机等。way方式, 道路；transport交通工具；voyage航行, 航程；idea主意, 想法。8. —What would you give me in ______for my recorder?
—My MP3. Do you agree?
A. reward B. turn
C. preparation D. exchange
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你愿意拿什么换我的录音机？——我的MP3。你同意吗？in exchange for作为交换。9. (2013·福州高一检测) —What do you think of the movie?
—______, the movie isn’t interesting enough, though lots of money has been spent on it.
A. To be honest B. That’s to say
C. Generally speaking D. I’m not sure
【解析】选A。考查交际用语。句意：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——说实话，尽管花了很多钱，但电影并不有趣。to be honest说实话；that’s to say即，也就是说；generally speaking一般来说；I’m not sure我不确定。根据语境可知选A项。10. (2013·黄冈高一检测) Chinese painters will also exhibit their works that feature Chinese element (元素),______ those of Northeast China.
A. in advance B. in need
C. in general D. in particular
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意：中国画家也将会展出他们的体现中国元素特别是中国东北元素的作品。in advance提前；in need需要；in general一般来说；in particular特别，尤其。根据句意可知选D项。 Ⅱ. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. A new _______ is being built in our city. We will go
everywhere more easily.
2. The bus was ________, so I decided to get off ahead of time.
3. In some _________ areas, the air condition is not so good.
4. _____________, safety belts are worn only by a small
percentage of drivers and passengers. crowded entertainment homeless inhabitant
location pollute industry transport unfortunate
freewayfreeway crowdedindustrialUnfortunately5. We should provide emergency accommodation for the
________.
6. They are the oldest___________ of the island.
7. Many big cities have been heavily ________.
8. Actually, some other outside _____________ industries are
also affected by TV.
9. My car is being repaired so I am without _________ at the
moment.
10. The first thing he looked at was his office’s________. homeless inhabitantspollutedentertainmenttransport location对比性说明文
【互动导学】
◎学生：写作要求比较两个地点，这属于什么体裁呢？
◎老师：比较两个地方、人物，这属于说明文的范畴。
◎学生：这类文章有没有固定的写作模式呢？
◎老师：一般可采用两种方式：集中比较或逐点比较。前一种是指集中说明一个对象的多种特征，一般分为两段，一段一个比较对象。后者指将比较对象的特征逐一进行比较。
◎学生：像这样的说明文的时态一般都用一般现在时吗？
◎老师：对。客观介绍事物的特点常用一般现在时。 【典题示例】
请根据下面表格中的内容提示，用英语写一篇文章来介绍威海和聊城两个城市。 要求：1. 词数为：120个左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：山东半岛Shandong peninsula
铁塔Iron Pagoda【审题谋篇】说明文比较两个城市的异同一般现在时第三人称【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
①表示对比的连词 _________
②与……相似 ___________
③与……不同 _______________
④起源于 ________________
⑤起重要的作用 ______________________
⑥面向 ________________but/whilebe similar tobe different fromdate from/back toplay an important part inface/be faced with2. 句式：
不同层次句式表达法：
①威海位于山东半岛最东端，面向黄海。
一般表达：
Weihai lies at the east tip of Shandong peninsula. It faces the
Yellow Sea of China.
高级表达：
___________________________________________________
_______________________________Lying at the east tip of Shandong peninsula, Weihai faces/isfaced with the Yellow Sea of China.②聊城位于山东西部，人口多达635. 24万，面积8，715平方
千米。
一般表达：
Liaocheng lies in the west of Shandong Province, has a
population of 6, 352, 400 and covers an area of 8, 715 square
kilometers.
高级表达：
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________Lying in the west of Shandong Province, Liaocheng coversan area of 8, 715 square kilometers with a population of6, 352, 400.③宋代铁塔是聊城著名的景点之一。
一句多译：
Iron Pagoda, which __________the Song Dynasty, is one of the
most famous tourist attractions.
=Iron Pagoda, ___________the Song Dynasty, is one of the
most famous tourist attractions. dates fromdating from【妙笔成篇】
Weihai and Liaocheng are two important cities in Shandong Province, but they are different from each other.
Weihai, lying at the east tip of Shandong peninsula, faces the Yellow Sea of China and is a harbour city covering an area of 5, 436 square kilometers with a population of more than
2, 804, 800. It rains a lot in summer and it is warm in winter. While Liaocheng, whose population is 6, 352, 400, lies in the west of Shandong Province, covering an area of 8, 715 square kilometers. It is hot in summer with frequent rains but dry and cold in winter. However, there are many similarities between the two cities. They both have beautiful natural environment, and tourism plays an important role in their economy and development. Liu Gong Island is a well-known tourist attraction in Weihai while Iron Pagoda, which dates from the Song Dynasty, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Liaocheng.
Both cities have a bright future and I like them very much. 课件82张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
（1） _______ (n. )收入
（2） _____ (n. )指数
（3） ________ (vt. )测定；测量；评估(n. )措
施；尺寸
（4） ____ (n. )目标
（5） _______ (n. )位置
（6） ______ (n. )数字incomeindexmeasuregoalpositionfigure2. 形意记忆。
（1）_______ (n. )饥饿；食欲；渴望→hungry (adj. ) 饥饿的
（2）poverty (n. )贫穷→_____ (adj. )贫穷的
（3）development (n. )发展→_______ (v. )发展→__________
(adj. ) 发展中的→_________ (adj. )发达的
（4）expectancy (n. )（根据概率得出的）预期数额→______
(v. )预计；期待
（5）_______ (vt. )教育；培养；训练→education (n. )教育hungerpoordevelopingdevelopedexpecteducatedevelopⅡ. 短语互译
1. agree to do sth. ___________
2. at the top of ___________
3. at the bottom of ___________
4. 确保，保证 _________
5. 达到（……数目） _____
6. 脱贫 __________________
7. 取得进步 _____________
8. 努力 ___________同意做某事在……顶端在……底部make sureup tomove out of povertymake progressmake effortsⅢ．完成句子
1. 由这份协议诞生了《人类发展报告》。
_______________________the Human Development Report.
(倒装句)
2. 处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排
在最后。
The bottom ten countries are all African countries,
__________________________________________________.
(with复合结构)From this agreement camewith Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list3. 然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在大部分水是可以
安全饮用的。
However, in other regions of the world, e. g. Eastern Europe,
_____________________________. (主语+be+adj. +动词不定式)
4. 它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是
合情合理的。
These are among the five richest countries in the world, so
_____________they should do so. (it作形式主语)water is now mostly safe to drink it is right that Ⅳ．语篇填空
根据对文章的理解，试着回答下列问题。
1. The Index measures a country’s achievements in the following ways EXCEPT______ .
A. life expectancy B. education
C. income D. resource
2. Which country is at the bottom of the list?
A. Sweden. B. Sierra Leone.
C. China. D. Norway. 3. The country that gives the most money to the developing countries is______ .
A. the Netherlands B. Iceland
C. Switzerland D. Indonesia
4. Why did the world leaders agree to work together?
A. To reduce money by 2015 or earlier.
B. To reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.
C. To reduce disease by 2015 or earlier.
D. To improve life by 2015 or earlier. 5. From the text, we can know China______ .
A. is in the thirteen position of the list
B. is a developed country
C. increased life expectancy by 13 years in nine years
D. has 115 million children who are not being educated6. The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. China has made enough progress in the past
B. developed countries need to give developing countries more help
C. some successful examples of development
D. the countries that give the most money are the poorest countries【读而后思】
What are the problems that the developing countries face?
How to solve them?
答案：________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
____________________There are lots of problems in some developing countries ,such as poverty, less education, disease, hunger and badenvironment. To solve these problems, not only will thesedeveloping countries take measures to develop their economythemselves but also those developed countries give much morefinancial help to them.1. measure vt. 测定；测量；评估
【语境领悟】
①The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income.
这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教育和收入。
②It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.
在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成功。③The government has promised to take measures to help the laid-off workers find new jobs.
政府已经承诺采取措施来帮助下岗职工找到新工作。
④His mother made new clothes to his measure.
妈妈按照他的尺寸做新衣服。【名师点津】 measure在表示 “某物长、宽、高等” 时，为不及物动词，后接表示数量单位的内容，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时；表示 “措施” 时，常用复数形式。
⑤His leaving is a loss beyond measure to us.
他的离开对我们的损失是不可估量的。【归纳拓展】
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make. . . to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做（衣服等）
beyond measure 无法估量地；非常，极其【即学活用】
（2010·安徽高考）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond______ .
A. hearing B. strength
C. recognition D. measure
【解析】选C。句意：从Sara还是小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让人认不出了。beyond hearing 听不见； beyond recognition 认不出来；beyond measure无法估量地，非常，极其。2. position n. 位置，方位；姿势，姿态；身份，地位；职位，职务；状况，形势
【语境领悟】
①The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.
英国排在第十三名，而中国则处于中等地位。
②One of the cups is out of position. Put it back in position. 有只杯子位置不对，把它放在适当的位置。【名师点津】在out of/in position短语中，position是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词。
【归纳拓展】
in position 在适当的位置
out of position 不在适当的位置【即学活用】
写出下列句子中的position的含义。
①Can you find our position on this map? ( )
②My husband has a good position in a government office.
( )
③She was a woman of high position. ( )
④He was lying in a very uncomfortable position. ( )
⑤The position is that we have ten miles to go and our car has
broken down. ( )位置职位，职务地位姿势，姿态情况，状况3. figure n. 数字；体形；人物；身影；图形
【语境领悟】
①Complete the chart with figures from the passage.
用文章中的数字完成下表。
②It took me more than ten minutes to figure out the math problem.
我花了十多分钟才算出这道数学题。
③We must figure in occasional expenses in the budget.
我们必须在预算中把临时费用计算在内。【归纳拓展】
figure out 想出，理解
figure in 把……计算在内【巧学助记】 figure的多面性【即学活用】理解句子，写出下面黑体部分的含义。
①She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished
in the distance. ( )
②She does exercise every day to keep a good figure. ( )
③The movement is supported by key figures in the
government. ( )
④The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers. ( )身影体形人物图形4. make sure确保；查明；弄清楚
【语境领悟】
①The most important goals are to: reduce poverty and hunger; make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11.
最重要的目标是：减少贫穷和饥饿；确保孩子在11岁之前都能接受教育。
②Experts examined Shenzhou Ⅹ spacecraft again and again to make sure of the safety.
专家们一遍又一遍地检查 “神舟十号” 飞船来确保其安全性。【名师点津】make sure后接of/about短语或宾语从句，接宾语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时。
【归纳拓展】
be sure of/about 对……有把握，确信……
be sure that. . . 对……有把握，确信……
be sure to do sth. 确定做某事，务必做某事【即学活用】
(2010·全国卷Ⅱ) Linda, make sure the tables ______before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set
C. are set D. are setting
【解析】选C。make sure后面的从句中常用一般现在时或现在完成时，由此可知应从B、C两项中选。另外，set 与the tables之间是被动关系，所以选C项。 5. up to直到，多达（后接表示数量、程度、时间、地点等的名词）
【语境领悟】
①The temperature went up to 24°C yesterday.
昨天的温度达到24摄氏度。
②He hasn’t handed in his homework up to now.
直到现在他还没有交上他的作业。
③In my opinion, he is not up to his work.
依我看，他不能胜任他的工作。④It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.
该由我们全力帮助他们了。
⑤What on earth are you up to recently?
你最近到底在忙些什么？
【归纳拓展】
be up to 适于，胜任；忙于，从事于
It’s up to sb. to do sth. 轮到某人做某事；取决于某人【名师点津】 up to作 “适于，胜任” 讲时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后接名词、代词或动名词。
【巧学助记】
up to含义较多，记清这个短语的不同含义是解题的关键。含义口诀：
多到达到一直到，胜任忙于做决定。【即学活用】完成句子。
①The new car can travel _________________________
(最高速度每小时200千米).
②Do you know _________________ (他们在忙什么)？up to 200 kilometers an hourwhat they are up to③(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)—What shall we do tonight then?
—______—whatever you want.
A. Help yourself B. It’s a deal
C. No problem D. It’s up to you
【解析】选D。考查情景交际。句意：——我们今天晚上干什么呢？——你来决定，你想干什么就干什么。Help yourself自便； It’s a deal成交；No problem没问题；It’s up to you由你决定，符合题意, 故选D。6. make efforts努力
【语境领悟】
①The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。
②The government has made efforts to bring down the prices of houses so that people can afford them.
政府已经努力降低房价让人们买得起房子。【归纳拓展】
make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth. /at doing sth.
努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
③Premier has said the government will spare no effort to save the miners. 总理说政府将不遗余力地营救矿工。
④He has achieved his dream without effort.
他毫不费力地实现了梦想。【即学活用】 完成句子。
①我将不遗余力地帮助他们。
I’ll _____________to help them.
②许多女士正在努力减肥。
Many women are _____________to lose weight. spare no effortmaking efforts7. The bottom ten countries are all African countries,
with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.
处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。
【句式分析】（2）with复合结构的常见形式：
+doing/done/to do
介词短语
形容词/副词
①With the prices of houses going up so fast, we can’t afford a new house.
由于房价上涨很快，我们买不起一栋新房子。
②The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.
男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。
③The man sat in the room, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.
那个男子坐在屋里，眼睛盯着天花板。with+宾语【即学活用】
（2012·辽宁高考）The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______them.
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【解析】选B。考查with的复合结构。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。在with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog 与宾语补足语之间为主动关系，故用following作宾语补足语。8. However, in other regions of the world, e. g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在大部分水是可以安全饮用的。
【句式分析】
本句使用了固定句式：主语+be +adj. +动词不定式。
①This question is easy to answer.
这个问题很容易回答。
②The air in the morning is fresh to breathe in.
早晨的空气呼吸起来很新鲜。【名师点津】 (1)常见于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard，difficult，pleasant，easy，comfortable，interesting等。
(2)动词不定式和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加上适当的介词。
(3)不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。
(4)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。【即学活用】
Many graduates found a suitable professional position is hard______ .
A. to find B. finding
C. to be found D. found
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：很多毕业生发现很难找到一个合适的专业岗位。在 “主语+ be + adj. +不定式” 句型中，当动词不定式和句子的主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系时，常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故答案选A。9. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。
【句式分析】①It is clear that he has known the secret.
很明显，他已经知道了这个秘密。
②It is right that she should say no to your request.
她拒绝你的请求是对的。【即学活用】
（2013·聊城高一检测）______worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This B. That C. What D. It
【解析】选D。考查it的用法。句意：他总是改变主意，这一做法让我担心。句中的it充当形式主语，真正的主语是the way，其后跟了一个定语从句。1. agree to do sth. 同意做某事
【语境领悟】
①In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.
世界上147个国家的领导人于2000年同意共同协作，在2015年或更早的时间减少贫困。【归纳拓展】
agree with 同意；（食物、气候等）适合某人
agree to (a plan) 同意（计划等）
agree on 就……达成协议
It’s generally agreed that. . . 人们通常认为……
②Shanghai does not agree with me; I like Beijing better.
上海不适合我；我更喜欢北京。
③Most people don’t agree with the Mayor’s opinion.
大多数人不同意市长的观点。④Both of the two companies agreed on the terms of the contract.
两家公司就合同条文达成了协议。
⑤Our classmates have agreed to his proposal.
我们的同学同意了他的提议。【即学活用】
（2010·陕西高考）You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must ______ you，I suppose.
A. agree with B. agree to
C. agree on D. agree about
【解析】选A。句意：你看起来很健康。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。agree with sb. (食物、天气、环境等)适合某人(的胃口、健康、性格等)。 【想一想】 agree to中的to是介词还是不定式符号？
【参考答案】
agree to中的to既可以看作是介词，也可以看作是不定式符号。
(1)to为介词时，agree to后接表示 “计划(plan)” 、 “建议(suggestion)” 、 “安排(arrangement)” 等的名词或v. -ing形式，表示 “同意或接受某事” ，接v. -ing时其逻辑主语与句子主语可以不是同一个人，即主语同意(别人)做某事。例如：
I don’t agree to his taking up the job.
我不同意他从事这份工作。(2)to为不定式符号时，构成 “agree to do sth. ” ，意为 “同意做某事” ，此时不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语是同一个人，即主语同意(自己)做某事。
I agreed to take up the job. 我同意接受这份工作。2. make progress取得进步
【语境领悟】
①Modesty helps one to make progress; conceit makes one lag behind.
虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 【归纳拓展】
in progress 在进行中
②The construction of that new highway is now in progress. 那条新公路的建设现在正在进行中。
【名师点津】progress是不可数名词，不能加冠词也不用复数；其前可被great, rapid, much等修饰。【即学活用】
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ) The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.
A. quantity B. progress
C. production D. demand
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 《哈利·波特》丛书非常受欢迎; 这些书在该城市需求量很大。be in great demand表示be wanted by many people广受欢迎, 符合语境; in quantity大量, 大批; in progress在进行中; in production在生产中。故选D项。3. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. 由这份协议诞生了《人类发展报告》。
【句式分析】
本句为全部倒装句，正常语序为：The Human Development Report came from this agreement.
①Under the tree lay a dog. 树下趴着一条狗。
②Then came the news that the war which caused many people to lose their lives was over.
消息传来，造成很多人死亡的战争结束了。
③Look! Here comes the bus.
瞧！公共汽车来了。【名师点津】表示方位的介词或副词up, down, out, in, here, there等或表示时间的副词now, then等位于句首，句子的主语又是名词时，句子常用完全倒装结构，但是当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。
④Here he comes. 他来了。【即学活用】
(2010·重庆高考) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______ , one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【解析】选A。句意：重庆——中国十大城市之一，位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处。地点介词短语在句子中作状语放于句首时，句子要用完全倒装，也就是谓语动词完全放在主语之前，所以选A项。Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. poverty
①In many countries, _______, war, and violence are very
common.
②You should allow for her _____ eyesight.
2. educate
①His daughter is being ________ in England now.
②He owed his success to his good _________ in his childhood. povertypooreducatededucation3. expectancy
①Over the past 25 years, life ___________ after 50 has risen in
the United States.
②Don’t ______ to get the things that don’t belong to you.
4. development
①He used his spare time to _______ his interest in music.
②We should pay more attention to the healthy ___________ of
children. expectancy expectdevelopdevelopment5. measure
①Education shouldn’t be _________purely by examination
results.
②Our school has taken some ________ to prevent the students
surfing on the web freely. measuredmeasuresⅡ. 选择适当的短语填空
made progress, made efforts, agreed to, up to,
move out of poverty, make sure, at the bottom of,
at the top of
1. The boy ___________to climb the wall.
2. There used to be a village ______________the mountain.
3. They _________ give money to poor countries.
4. Their stories show us how it is possible to __________________.
5. She shouted out ___________her voice. made effortsat the bottom of agreed tomove out of povertyat the top of6. I think the meeting will begin at nine, but you’d better go
and _________.
7. The new technique measures _____advanced world standard.
8. She studied very hard and _____________. make sureup tomade progressⅢ. 单项填空
1. What you said is reasonable, so I agree ______you in a way.
A. with B. in C. to D. on
【解析】选A。考查介词。句意：你所说的合情合理，所以在某种程度上我同意你的说法。agree with sb. 同意某人的意见；agree on就……达成协议；agree to同意（计划等）。2. (2013·安庆高一检测)With a lot of homework,______ I will have a busy weekend.
A. done B. doing
C. to do D. to be done
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于有很多作业要做，我将会过一个很繁忙的周末。根据句意可知将要做作业，在with复合结构中表示将要做的动作要用不定式，且用主动形式表达被动含义。3. (2013·三门峡高一检测)At the foot of the mountain ______a tower built in the Ming Dynasty.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. stand
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：在山脚下耸立着一座建于明朝的塔。介词短语位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装。主语为a tower，所以谓语动词用单数形式。【变式训练】
(2013·南安高一检测)Out , ______with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush B. rushed he
C. he rushed D. he did rush
【解析】选C。句意：他手里拿着一根棍子冲了出去。方位副词位于句首，句子要用全部倒装。但是主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。故选C项。【知识拓展】英语中几种完全倒装的情况
①There be 句型：There stood a desk against the wall.
靠墙立着一张桌子。
②there/ here/ now/ then放于句首时：Now is the time to take action. 现在是该采取行动的时候了。
③表方位的介词（短语）放于句首且主语是名词时：In came the teacher and the class began. 老师进来，开始上课了。
④当主语过长而表语过短时，可以把主语与表语互换位置从而构成完全倒装：Well-known is that energy crisis poses a threat to the society. 众所周知，能源危机对社会构成了威胁。4. （原创）______is shocking to hear the news that a Chinese girl was killed in Boston explosion.
A. It B. This C. What D. That
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意：听到一个中国女孩在波士顿爆炸中遇难了，令人非常震惊。根据句意可知不定式为真正的主语，故选择it作形式主语。5. Whoever leaves the room last must make sure______ all the windows are shut.
A. that if B. whether C. if D. that
【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：无论谁最后离开屋子, 都必须确保所有的窗户都关上了。make sure确保，保证，后接that引导的宾语从句。6. (2013·临沂高一检测)He’s making ______great progress in his lessons that everyone else in his class can’t believe it.
A. so B. very C. such a D. such
【解析】选D。句意：他在学业上取得如此大的进步，以至于班里的其他人都难以置信。根据so. . . that和such. . . that的区别，可知排除A、B选项；又因为progress为不可数名词，故选D项。【知识拓展】so. . . that与such. . . that的区别
都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为 “如此……以致……” 。
（1）such是形容词，修饰名词。因此，such. . . that的句型结构可分为以下三种：
①such +a（n）（+adj. ）+单数可数名词+that从句。
She is such a good teacher that all of us respect her.
她是一位很好的老师，我们都尊敬她。
②such（+adj. ）+复数可数名词+that从句。
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
这些书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。③such（+adj. ）+不可数名词+that从句。
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
天气太坏，以至于我不得不待在家里。
（2）so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+adj. （adv. ）+that从句。
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我赶不上他。注意：①当名词前面有many，much，few，little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such。
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上围观大火的人太多了，消防队员无法靠近大楼。
②两种结构可互换
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.
=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
这是一次重要的会议，你一定要参加。7. (2013·淄博高一检测) Li Ming is a student who is easy______ though he has some trouble ______his lessons.
A. to be got along with; in
B. to get along with; with
C. to get along; in
D. getting along with; with
【解析】选B。句意：尽管李明学习上有一些困难，但他是一个很容易相处的学生。定语从句中使用了表示主语特征的句式：主语+be +adj. +动词不定式，在此句型中不定式中动词的逻辑宾语就是主语，也就是说必须是及物动词；have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难。8. It is surprising that such a young boy can swim ______the river______100 meters wide.
A. across; measuring B. over; measured
C. across; measure D. through; measuring
【解析】选A。考查介词和非谓语动词。根据句意 “如此小的一个男孩能游过100米宽的河流，真是令人吃惊。从河流的一边游到另一边，用介词across；根据句意可知100 meters wide作定语修饰river，因为measure表示 “长度为……” 时为不及物动词，故使用它的现在分词形式作后置定语。9. —Why have you put forward Mr Edward as the best one for the ______?
—Because he is responsible and careful.
A. situation B. condition
C. position D. location
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你为什么提出爱德华是那个职位的最佳人选？——因为他很负责任，很细心。situation情形，形势；condition条件；position位置，职位；location位置。10. We can’t wait. We have to ______the direction and the distance before we take action.
A. make out B. figure out
C. think out D. turn out
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再等了。我们必须在采取行动之前搞清楚方向和距离。figure out计算出，理解，弄明白；符合句意。make out辨认出；think out想出；turn out结果是；均不符合题意。11. He was sent to Australia______ when he was ten years old.
A. to be educated B. to educate
C. educating D. to be educating
【解析】选A。句意：他十岁的时候，被送到澳大利亚接受教育。根据句意可知是不定式作目的状语，且与主语之间为被动关系，故选A项。12. The ______ you make, the ______ you will make.
A. more efforts; more progress
B. greater progress; greater efforts
C. more efforts; more progresses
D. many more efforts; much progress
【解析】选A。考查比较级。句意：你做出的努力越多，取得的进步就越大。make efforts做出努力；make progress取得进步。 “the +比较级. . . ，the +比较级. . . “ 是固定结构，意为 “越……，越……” 。13. How close parents are to their children has a strong influence on the______ of the children’s characters.
A. education B. construction
C. beginning D. development
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：家长和孩子的亲密程度对孩子性格的发展有很大的影响。development发展，符合句意。14. He asked us about the______ news in a ______voice.
A. amazing; surprising B. amazed; surprised
C. amazing; surprised D. amazed; surprising
【解析】选C。句意：他以吃惊的声音向我们询问那个令人惊讶的消息。amazing令人惊讶的；amazed惊讶的，惊奇的；surprising 令人吃惊的；surprised吃惊的，惊讶的。amazing和surprising修饰物，指 “令人惊讶的” ，amazed和surprised修饰人。15. —Whose advice do you think I should take?
—______.
A. You speak B. That’s it
C. It’s up to you D. You got it
【解析】选C。考查情景交际。句意：——你认为我应该采取谁的建议？——你自己决定吧。It’s up to you由你来决定；That’s it完了，就这样；You got it你懂得，明白，理解。课件17张PPT。 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记（根据构词法完成下面空格）
1. n. +-less→adj.
home (n. )+-less→________ (adj. ) 无家可归的
【类记】
hope (n. )希望→________(adj. )无希望的
harm (n. ) 伤害→________ (adj. )无害的
self (n. ) 自私→______ (adj. )无私的
end (n. ) 终止，末端→_______ (adj. ) 无止境的，无尽的
child (n. )孩子 →________(adj. )没有孩子的homelesshopelessharmlessselflessendlesschildless2. un-+ adj. → (反义词) adj.
un-+ fortunate (adj. )幸运的→ unfortunate (adj. )_______
【类记】
happy (adj. )幸福的→unhappy (adj. )_________
lucky (adj. )幸运的 →unlucky (adj. )_______
willing (adj. )愿意的→unwilling (adj. )_________
important (adj. )重要的→unimportant (adj. )_________不幸的不幸福的不幸的不情愿的不重要的3. n. +-al →adj.
nation (n. ) 国家+-al→________ (adj. ) 国家的
【类记】
person (n. ) 人→________ (adj. ) 个人的
tradition (n. )传统→__________(adj. )传统的
environment (n. )环境→_____________(adj. )环境的
profession (n. )专业→___________(adj. )专业的
origin (n. ) 起源→_______ (adj. ) 原始的 nationalpersonaltraditionalenvironmentalprofessionaloriginalⅡ. 连词成句（用本模块的词汇完成句子，每空一词）
1. 随着社会的发展，人们的收入越来越高了。
With the ___________of society, the_______ of people is
becoming higher and higher.
2. 灾难过后，那些无家可归的人陷入了贫穷和饥饿状态。
After the disaster, the homeless got into _______and _______.
3. 他们的目标就是教育这里的居民。
Their ____is to _______ the __________ here.
4. 政府派人来评估当地的旅游业的指数。
The government sent someone to ________ the______ of local
_______. development incomepovertyhungergoaleducateinhabitantsmeasure indextourism5. 他们的相似性就是他们都很聪明。
Their _________ is that they are both ______.
6. 这一数字接近他们的要求。
The ______ __ _____ __ their requirement.
7. 高速公路上挤满了许多车辆。
The _______ __ ________ ____ many cars.
8. 会议后，他们交换了礼物。
After the meeting, they __________ their presents. similaritysmartfigureisclosetofreewayiscrowdedwithexchanged9. 他们的贫穷和他们偏远的位置有很大关系。
Their _______ __ _________ ____ their distant _______.
10. 这个地区工业的发展造成了湖泊的污染。
The _________ development of this area caused the lake
________. povertyisconnectedwithlocationindustrialpollutedⅢ. 句式点拨
1. 我很愿意你的兄弟加入进来。（True or False）
（1）It is quite willing for your brother to join us. （ ）
（2）I am quite willing for your brother to join us. （ ）
【思路点拨】
表示 “愿意做某事” 时，形容词willing应用于以人为主语的句
子中，不用于以it作形式主语的句子中。FT【句式训练】
我愿意帮助你学习英语。
_____________________________________I am willing to help you with your English.2. 他的收入比他的妻子多。（True or False）
（1）His income is larger than his wife’s. ( )
（2）His income is more than his wife’s. ( )
【思路点拨】
表示income(收入)，expense (费用)，fortune (财产)多少时，
习惯用large和small修饰，而不用much和little；表示收入的
高低时，用high和low修饰。TF【句式训练】
他现在的财产是他五年前财产的十倍。
___________________________________________________
_____________His fortune now is nine times larger than what he possessedfive years ago.3. 这个人很难相处。（True or False）
（1）This man is hard to get along with. ( )
（2）This man is hard to get along. ( )
【思路点拨】
在表示主语特征的句式 “主语+be +adj. +不定式” 中，不定式
和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系，当不定式为不及物动词时，要
加上适当的介词。TF【句式训练】
和这个男孩一块工作很容易。
_________________________The boy is easy to work with.4. 她站在楼梯的顶端。（True or False）
（1）At the top of the stair stands she. ( )
（2）At the top of the stair she stands. ( )
【思路点拨】
地点状语位于句首时，句子要全部倒装，但是主语为代词
时，主语和谓语不需要倒装。FT【句式训练】
这时他进来了。
_______________Then he came in.
