课件42张PPT。 Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Grammar
过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语 【探究寻规】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he ________
______ (bury) in Texas!
2. She returned home and found all her furniture ________
______ (ruin) by the flood.
3. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people
______________(kill). had beenburiedhad beenruinedhad been killed4. His village _______________(flood) in the heavy rain, so he
moved to his parents’ house.
5. When she woke up, she found that her house ________
_________(destroy) by the thunderstorm. had been floodedhad beendestroyed【语法精点】
Ⅰ. 过去完成时的被动语态
一、基础点拨
1. 构成：had＋been＋过去分词(done)。
2. 概念：表示在过去的某个动作或时间以前已经发生的事情。
3. 用法：用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等动词的过去式后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。 ＊My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher. 我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。 二、难点突破
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去” ，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。
＊The project had been completed by the end of 1990. 这项工程已于1990年年底竣工。 2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去，常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
＊The sale had been advertised for several weeks. 这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。
＊Much work had been done since she arrived here. 自从抵达这里后，她做了许多工作。 Ⅱ. 间接引语
一、基础点拨
1. 基本概念。
直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语若改为间接引语，在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。 2. 句式的转换。
(1)转述他人的陈述→陈述句的转换： (2)转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句的转换： (3)转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句： (4)选择疑问句的转换：用whether. . . or. . . 表达，而不用if. . . or. . . ，也不用either. . . or. . . 。
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
→He asked me whether I spoke English or French. (5)祈使句的转换： 二、难点突破
1. 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的特殊情况如下：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。
＊He said， “The earth goes around the sun. ”
→ He said that the earth goes around the sun.
＊He said， “Where there is a will，there is a way. ”
→He said where there is a will，there is a way. (2)当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。
＊Mr. Wang said， “I was born in China in September, 1972. ”
→ Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.
(3)当直接引语是过去完成时态时。
＊She said, “They had left when I arrived here. ”
→She said they had left when she arrived there. (4)当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。
He said， “The plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m. . ”
→He said that the plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m. .
2. 如果在当天转述别人说过的话，时间状语可不变；如果在当地转述，地点状语和动词也不必改变。
He said， “I’ll be back tonight. ”
→He said that he will be back tonight. 【高考体验】
过去完成时的被动语态解题提示：
1. 分析句子结构，看句子是否缺少谓语动词；
2. 认准句子中出现的时间状语或暗示的时间顺序；
3. 明确句子意思；
4. 确定答案。1. (2013·湖南高考) “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ______ president, ” said the boy, with a smile.
A. have been B. am C. was D. will be
解题关键：注意是直接引语且动作发生在将来
思路分析：选D。考查时态。句意：……这个男孩笑着说 “噢，我将会成为总统” 。本题涉及直接引语中的时态用法。结合句意可知用一般将来时且在直接引语中时态保持不变。2. (2013·北京高考)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made
C. has been made D. would be made
解题关键：时间状语over the past years
思路分析：选C。考查时态和语态。句意：莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》在过去几年里被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用，且主语与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动形式。3. (2011·北京高考)Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
解题关键：时间状语before the Second World War以及experiments与conduct之间的关系思路分析：选D。句意：二战前在美国和欧洲都进行过该类实验。conduct发生在the Second World War之前，故是 “过去的过去” , 用过去完成时；又因experiments 与conduct之间为动宾关系，用被动结构，故句子谓语动词用过去完成时的被动语态，D项为正确选项。4. (2011·上海高考)After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four days later.
A. rescued B. was rescued
C. has rescued D. had been rescued
解题关键：句意以及a member of the navy team与rescue之间的关系思路分析：选B。句意：迷失在暴风雨里四天后，一名海军成员被救起。由句中的时间状语four days later可知句子要用一般过去时，又因为a member of the navy team与rescue之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态形式，故选B。rescued为一般过去时的主动形式；has rescued为现在完成时的主动形式；had been rescued为过去完成时的被动形式，此三项均不符合句意。5. (2011·四川高考)All visitors to this village ______ with kindness.
A. treat B. are treated
C. are treating D. had been treated
解题关键：visitors与treat之间的关系
思路分析：选B。句意：所有到这个村庄的游客都受到了善意的款待。visitors与treat之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故选B。 Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ______ not to touch an unattended bag.
A. had always been warned
B. were always being warned
C. are always warning
D. always warned【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意：在恐怖活动频发期间，人们经常被警告不要接触不明之物。be always doing sth. 一直做某事，表示赞赏或埋怨的感彩，人们应该被警告，故选B。2. (2013·福州高一检测)On hearing the news that her lost daughter ______ the excited mother burst into tears.
A. were found B. has been found
C. would be found D. had been found
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：一听到丢失的女儿被找到了这个消息，这位兴奋的妈妈大哭起来。过去完成时表示到过去某个时间为止已经发生或完成的动作或行为。3. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?
—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意：——乔治和露西上周结婚了。你去参加婚礼了吗？——没有，他们没有邀请我。他们的婚礼隆重吗？I是invite的承受者，即invite与I之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态；又因为 “邀请” 发生在 “结婚” 之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。4. The new suspension bridge ______ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意：这座新吊桥上个月底设计完了。四个选项都是不同时态的被动语态，关键是判断用哪种时态；由 “by the end of +过去时间” ，可知要用过去完成时的被动语态。5. The police found that the house ______ and a lot of things ______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：警察发现有人闯入了这栋房子，许多东西被偷了。因为break into与the house之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，排除A和B两项；又因为break into和steal应发生在found之前，即 “过去的过去” ，应用过去完成时的被动语态；a lot of things与steal之间是被动关系，故用stolen作宾语补足语，为find sth. done结构。6. (2013·天津高一检测)The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister’s car.
A. has been B. was being
C. had been D. would be
【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意：警察的注意力突然被一个安装到部长汽车下面的小盒子吸引住了。分析语境可知，小盒子被放在部长车子下面的动作是在主句动作之前发生的，是过去的过去，故应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选C项。7. The town government had to find a new place to rebuild it, for it ______ by a strong earthquake.
A. was ruined B. had ruined
C. had been ruined D. has been ruined
【解析】选C。考查时态。句意：镇政府不得不找一个新地方重建它，因为它被一场强烈的地震毁了。首先要看出ruin与主语it之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；另外，ruin发生在had to find a new place之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。8. It was the third time that Tom ______ cheating in the math exams.
A. have been caught B. had caught
C. was caught D. had been caught
【解析】选D。句意：这是汤姆第三次在数学考试中被发现作弊。在 “it was the third time+that从句” 中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。另外，根据句意可知此处主语与catch之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。【知识拓展】在 “it is/will be+第几次+that从句” 中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时；在 “it was+第几次+that从句” 中，从句中的谓语要用过去完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have received your question.
这是我第一次收到你的问题。
It will be the first time that I have visited London.
这将是我第一次参观伦敦。
It was the first time that I had been late for school.
这是我第一次上学迟到。9. “Have you seen the film？” he asked me.
→He asked me ______.
A. had I seen the film
B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film
D. whether I had seen the film
【解析】选D。如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变间接引语时，一般将其变成whether/if引导的宾语从句，故选D。10. “Please close the window. ” he said to me.
→He ______ me ______ the window.
A. said to； to close
B. told to； closing
C. asked； to close
D. said to； please close
【解析】选C。直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语为祈使句，通常将其变为：ask/tell/order/warn/advise sb. to do sth. 结构。故选C。Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. “I never eat meat. ” he said.
→He said that ___ never ___ meat.
2. “You must come here before five. ” he said.
→He said that I ______________before five.
3. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
→He asked _________ I ________her the week before. heatehad to go thereif/whetherhad seen4. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
→He asked her mother ___________found it.
5. “Stop making so much noise, children. ” he said.
→He ____ the children ______ making so much noise. toldto stophow she had课件104张PPT。Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Integrating SkillsⅠ. 根据汉语提示或首字母拼写单词
1. Any kind of dishonest dealing will ____(毁坏)his career.
2. An active _______(火山) may erupt at any time.
3. This issue was discussed in the ________(以前的) chapter.
4. There is a strong _________(可能) that they will win the
next election.
5. Rabies(狂犬病) has been described as one of the most
t_________ diseases known to man. ruinvolcanopreviouspossibilityerrifying6. _______(幸运地) for me, they were driving to the same
town.
7. The economic crisis broke out without ________(警告).
8. Steam and hot water e_____ from geysers(间歇泉).
9. F___________, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by
radio to the nearest town.
10. The storm did a lot of d_______ to the crops.
11. Try to keep a______ in the cold weather.
12. The dog waited h_______ beside the table for some food. LuckilywarningruptortunatelyamagectiveopefullyⅡ. 短语互译
1. 醒来；觉醒 ________
2. 从……出来；由……产生 _____________
3. 放火(焚烧)…… ____________________
4. 着火 _________
5. 扑灭(火) _______
6. 发生 _________wake upcome out of. . .set fire to/set. . . on firecatch fireput outtake place7.according to ___________
8. turn over ___________
9. plenty of _______________
10. cover an area of _____________
11. in all ___________
12. do/cause damage to _______________根据；按照翻转；翻身大量的；充足的占地……面积总共；总计对……造成损失Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的海啸，淹没半个岛
屿。
When the lava reached the sea, _______________________ a
huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. (there is/
was the possibility of. . . /that. . . 句式)
2. 不幸的是，路上有好几个村庄。
_____________，there were several villages in its path. (副词
作评注性状语)there was the possibility ofUnfortunately3. 在一些地区，死亡率达60%。
In some communities, _____________________________
killed. (百分数作主语)
4. 1906年4月18日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严
重的一次地震。
The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the
worst earthquake ____________________ in the United States.
(定语从句)60 percent of the population werethat has ever happened5. 火山灰和熔岩从山上倾泻而下，引燃了几百所房子。
Ash and lava poured down the mountain, ____________
_________________. (现在分词短语作结果状语) setting fire tohundreds of houses1. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁掉
n. 毁灭；灭亡
【语境领悟】
①He ruined his chance of promotion by his rudeness to the boss.
他由于对老板不礼貌而断送了晋升的机会。
②Drink brought him to ruin. 喝酒毁了他的一生。③We visited the ruins of the temple.
我们参观了那座庙宇的遗迹。
④The hotel was in ruins after that big fire.
那场大火过后，旅馆成了废墟。
⑤After that, the empire came to ruin.
在那之后，整个帝国走向毁灭。【归纳拓展】
ruins n. 废墟，遗迹
in ruins 成为废墟
come/go/run to ruin =fall into ruin
毁灭，灭亡；崩溃，瓦解【即学活用】完成句子。
①不要晚睡早起，你的健康可能受损。
Don’t keep bad time. It might _______________.
②一阵猛烈的龙卷风使房子成为一片废墟。
__________ the house was caused by a violent tornado.
③农作物已经被暴风雨毁了。
The crops _______________ by the storm.
④那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。
An earthquake left the whole town _______. ruin your healthThe ruin ofhave been ruinedin ruins2. terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的
【语境领悟】
①The tidal wave formed a terrifying wall of water.
海啸形成一堵骇人的水墙。【归纳拓展】
(1) terrify vt. 使恐怖；惊吓
terror n. 恐怖；恐惧
(2) terrified adj. 感到恐怖的；害怕的
be terrified of. . . 对……感到恐惧
be terrified at. . . 因……害怕
be terrified that. . . 害怕……②The prospect of nuclear war terrifies everyone.
想到未来可能发生的核战争，人人心惊肉跳。
③I shook with terror whenever I was about to fly in a plane.
我每次要坐飞机时都害怕得发抖。
④The animals were terrified by the storm.
动物被暴风雨吓坏了。
⑤He was terrified of being scolded about it.
他害怕为了那件事而被责骂。
⑥I was terrified that they would attack us again.
我害怕他们会再攻击我们。【即学活用】用terrify的适当形式填空。
①It was 30 years before he told anyone of his _________
experience.
②He was ________ of being killed in a gun fight.
③His ______ was so great that he could do nothing. terrifyingterrifiedterror3. damage n. &v. 损失；损害
【语境领悟】
①The front part of my car was damaged when it hit the tree.
我的车子撞到树时车头部分被撞坏。
②The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。【归纳拓展】
do/cause damage to. . . 对……造成损害/损失
damages 赔偿金
claim damages 索要赔偿金
③She is seeking more than $75, 000 in damages.
她要求75 000美元以上的赔偿金。【易混辨析】【即学活用】
选词并用其适当形式填空(damage/destroy/ruin)。
①地震给房子造成巨大的损坏。
The earthquake caused great _______ to the houses.
②那次地震摧毁了商业区的几家商店。
The earthquake _________ several stores in the business
district.
③她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
She poured water all over my painting, and ______ it. damagedestroyedruined④(2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some ______ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤，但是并不严重。A项指各种伤害、危害。常构成do harm to结构；B项指伤口，多指人体上的伤害；C项表示毁灭；D项多用于物品的损坏，是可以复原的。故选D。4. set fire to sth. /set sth. on fire 放火(焚烧……)
【语境领悟】
①He set fire to the dry grass.
=He set the dry grass on fire.
他点燃了干草。
②No one knows who set fire to the building.
没人知道是谁放火烧了那栋楼。【归纳拓展】
on fire 着火(强调状态)
catch fire 着火(强调动作)
make a fire 生火
put out the fire 扑灭火③We saw a house on fire when we passed the road.
我们经过这条路时，看到一所房子失火了。
④She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire. 她站得离壁炉太近了, 衣服烧着了。
⑤The campers looked for wood to make a fire.
露营者去搜寻木柴点火。
⑥We must put out the fire after a barbecue.
我们在烧烤之后必须扑灭火。【即学活用】完成句子。
①别玩火柴了，不然要把房子烧了。
Stop buggering about with those matches or you’ll ______
_____________________________.
②昨晚他家失火了。
His house __________ last night. set thehouse on fire/set fire to the housecaught fire③The campers began to make ______ fire from the dry branches to cook their lunch，which made their tent catch ______ fire.
A. a; a B. /; a C. a; the D. a; /
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意：野营者开始用干树枝生火做午饭，这使得他们的帐篷着火了。make a fire “生火” ；catch fire “着火” 。5. put out扑灭(火)；熄灭；生产；出版
【语境领悟】
①She put out the light and closed the door.
她关掉灯，然后关上了门。
②The company puts out 900 cars a week.
这家公司一星期生产900辆汽车。
③This magazine is put out every Friday.
这份杂志每周五出版。【归纳拓展】
go out 熄灭
put up 举起；张贴；建造；支起；为……提供食宿
put off 推迟，拖延
put on 穿上；上演；假装
put in 插入
put through 使穿过；接通(电话)
put down 放下，使(乘客等)下(车)；写下，记下
put up with 忍受④The lights go out at 11 o’clock every night.
每晚11点熄灯。
⑤We shall be happy to put you up when you come to town next month.
你们下个月到城里来时我们将很乐意为你们提供食宿。
⑥The concert had to be put off because the main singer was ill.
由于主唱病了，音乐会不得不延期。【即学活用】用合适的副词或介词填空。
①Never put ___ till tomorrow what may be done today.
②I’m having a party next Saturday; put it _____ in your
notebook so you will not forget it.
③The forest guards often find campfires that have not been
put ___ completely.
④They put Frank ___ at a good hotel.
⑤He was not really angry. He was putting it ___. offdownoutupon⑥He ______ the cigarette as soon as he heard his father coming back.
A. put out B. figure out
C. carry out D. send out
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：一听到父亲回来的声音，他就把香烟熄掉了。put out熄灭，扑灭；figure out解决，算出，理解，弄明白；carry out贯彻，执行；send out发出，分发，散发。6. take place 发生；举行
【语境领悟】
①The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine.
露天游乐会定于星期日举行，风雨无阻。
②It is not certain when it will take place.
不能确定这事什么时候会发生。【归纳拓展】
take the place of sb. ＝take sb. ’s place
代替某人，接替某人
take one’s place＝take one’s seat
就座
in place of 代替
in place 在适当的位置上；适当的，恰当的
out of place 位置不对；不合适③It would be difficult to find a man to take the place of the secretary.
找一个代替秘书的人是困难的。
④Money is being used in place of something more direct.
金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。
⑤Ensure the guard is in place before operating the machine.
确保将防护罩放好后再开机器。
⑥Your books are out of place. 你的书放错了位置。【名师点津】 不能被动的take place
take place不用于被动语态，多指预先计划、安排要发生的事情；突然发生则用happen或occur。例如：
That plane crash occurred only minutes after taking off.
空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。【即学活用】
选词并用其适当形式填空(take place/occur/happen)。
①The evening party will _________ on New Year’s Eve.
②Police said the accident _________________ about 4: 30
p. m. . take placeoccurred/happened③My sister’s marriage ______ at ten o’clock today.
A. happened B. took place
C. occurred D. was taken place
【解析】选B。考查动词及动词短语用法。句意：我姐姐的婚礼今天10点举行。happen和occur表示突然发生；take place多指预先计划、安排要发生的事情，没有被动语态。7. in all 总共；总计
【语境领悟】
①There were in all a hundred persons present.
共计有100人参加。
②In all 830, 000 people lost their lives.
总共有83万人丧生。【归纳拓展】
after all 毕竟，归根结底
above all 尤其是，最重要的是
all in all 总之，从各方面来说
first of all 首先
at all 一点也不(否定句)；到底，真的，
竟然(肯定句和疑问句)③Don’t get discouraged by setbacks；we are new to the work after all.
别因挫折而灰心，这工作对我们来说毕竟还是新的。
④He loves music，and above all classical music.
他喜欢音乐，尤其是古典音乐。
⑤All in all，it was a pleasant voyage today.
总之，今天的水上旅行是愉快的。
⑥I don’t agree with you at all.
我完全不同意你的看法。【即学活用】
选短语填空(in all/after all/above all/first of all/at all)。
①He hasn’t finished the work，but _______ he has tried his
best.
②_________ she just smiled，and then she started to laugh.
③There was nothing to worry about _____.
④Never waste anything，and ________ never waste time.
⑤He spent very little time at school，perhaps not more than
a year _____. after allFirst of allat allabove allin all8. When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. 当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的海啸，淹没半个岛屿。
【句式分析】
(1)本句中出现了there is/was the possibility of. . . 结构，表示 “有……的可能性” ，另外，there is/was the/a possibility后面跟that引导的同位语从句，表示possibility的内容；
(2)本句中出现了一个定语从句，即which could flood half the island修饰前面的a huge tidal wave。①There was no possibility of putting off the party.
晚会不可能延期。
②Is there any possibilities of your getting to London this week?
本周你有可能去伦敦吗？
③Take your umbrella because there’s a possibility that it will rain.
带上伞吧，因为有可能下雨。【想一想】我们还学过一些表示 “有可能做某事” 的句型。你能把它们列举出来吗？
【参考答案】
it is possible/probable (for sb.) to do sth. ; it is possible/probable that. . . ; it is likely that. . . ; sb. /sth. is likely to do sth. 例如：
Is it possible that we’ll see you this weekend?
我们本周末能见到你吗？
It is likely that he will come. 他可能会来。【即学活用】
—Is there any possibilities ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
【解析】选B。考查引导词。问句句意：你可能到机场接我吗？Is there any possibilities that. . . 意为 “有……的可能吗？” that在句中引导同位语从句，补充说明 possibility的具体内容。that在从句中无实际含义，但不可省略。9. In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. 在一些地区，死亡率达60%。
【句式分析】
句中的60 percent of the population作主语。一般来说， “百分数/分数＋of＋名词/代词” 作主语时，谓语动词要与of 后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。本句中，百分数与population连用，更强调集体中的成员，故谓语动词用复数形式。①20 percent of the students are from Singapore.
20%的学生是新加坡人。
②Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with flowers and grass.
那个地区2/5的土地覆盖着花草。【归纳拓展】
(1)have a population of. . . 意为 “某地有……人口”
(2)对某一国家、城市、地区的人口进行提问时，一般用What (How large) is the population of. . . ?
(3)对population 进行修饰时，常用big, large, small，而不用much，many 等。③Bangladesh now has a population of about 110 million.
孟加拉国现有约一亿一千万人口。
④What (How large) is the population of Taipei?
台北有多少人口？
⑤China has a vast territory and a large population.
中国地域辽阔，人口众多。【名师点津】 population作主语时，若强调整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.
所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。
About 70 percent of the population in China are farmers. 在中国大约70%的人是农民。【即学活用】完成句子。
①新加坡人口少。
Singapore has ________________.
②——加拿大的人口有多少？
—_____________________________of Canada?
——加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
—The population of Canada __ about 29 million. a small populationWhat/How large is the populationis1. hopefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地
【语境领悟】
①Hopefully we can solve the problem.
我们有望解决这个问题。
【归纳拓展】
hopeful adj. 有希望的
hopeless adj. 没有希望的②Everyone is feeling pretty hopeful about the future.
人人都对未来充满希望。
③The economy is in a hopeless mess in that country.
那个国家的经济已无可救药。【即学活用】
(2013·浙江高考)If we leave right away, ______ we’ll arrive on time.
A. hopefully B. curiously
C. occasionally D. gradually
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们立刻出发，我们有望按时到达。hopefully有希望地；curiously好奇地；occasionally偶尔；gradually逐渐地。故选A。2. active adj. 积极的；活跃的
【语境领悟】
①He is the most active member of the club.
他是俱乐部里最积极的会员。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be active in (doing) sth. 积极参加……
take an active part in. . . 积极参加……
(2)activity n. 活动；活跃
②She used to take an active part in physical labour.
她过去常常积极参加体力劳动。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他是俱乐部的积极分子。
He is ________________ of the club.
②他积极参加学校活动。
He ___________________ school activities.
③她热衷于政治活动。
She __________ political activities. an active membertakes an active part inis active in3. manage v. 经营，管理；设法做好
【语境领悟】
①She managed the household very well.
她把家掌管得很好。
②How did you manage to keep out of debt?
你是怎样设法不欠债的？
③They thought we would be bankrupt, but we managed.
他们以为我们会破产，但我们设法支撑了下来。
④How will she manage with her husband gone?
丈夫走了她将如何维持？【名师点津】 manage to do. . . 意为 “设法办成了……” ，而try to do sth. 意为 “设法/试图做某事” ，但不一定成功。例如：He tried to stand on his head but couldn’t. 他试图倒立，但没有成功。【即学活用】选词组并用其适当形式填空(try to/manage to)。
①我们正设法自己解决这个难题。
We’re ________ solve the difficult problem by ourselves.
②这位飞行员设法绕气球飞了一阵。
The pilot __________ circle the balloon for some time. trying tomanaged to③He ______ to get some train tickets, but he failed.
A. advised B. tried
C. managed D. succeeded
【解析】选B。考查动词用法。句意：他试图买一些火车票，但是没能买到。advise建议，忠告；try to do试着做，但不一定成功；manage to do设法办成了；succeed in doing成功做成。根据句意可知选B。4. cover v. 覆盖；盖住
【语境领悟】
①She covered the table with a cloth.
她用一块布把桌子罩起来。
【归纳拓展】
cover v. 报道; 够支付; 涉及; 占地；走完; 看完
be covered with 被……所覆盖
②The hole was covered with canvas.
这个洞被帆布遮盖住了。③His lecture covered various aspects of language.
他的讲座涉及语言的许多方面。
④I covered 200 miles a day in my car.
我开车一天跑了两百英里。
⑤The reporter covered the event for his newspaper.
那名记者为他所属的报纸采访报道该事件。【即学活用】请试着写出下面句子中cover的意思。
①This island covers an area of 2, 100 kilometres square.
( )
②She will stay there, covering the whole game. ( )
③The Red Army covered 25, 000 li during the Long March.
( )
④Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees. ( )
⑤The survey covers all aspects of the business. ( )
⑥How many pages of the book have you covered? ( )占地报道走完足够支付涉及读完⑦Shui Junyi used to be sent to ______ the battles during the war.
A. get B. find C. cover D. search
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：水均益曾经被派去做战地采访。get得到，获得；find找到，发现；cover报道，采访；search搜寻。5. warning n. 警告
【语境领悟】
①I gave him a warning not to go there.
我警告他不能去那里。【归纳拓展】
warn v. 警告；提醒，预先通知
warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
warn sb. against sth. 警告某人提防某事
warn sb. not to do sth. ＝warn sb. against doing sth.
提醒/告诫某人不要做某事
warn+ that-从句 警告；提醒②They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.
他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。
③He warned us against pickpockets.
他告诉我们要小心扒手。
④Mrs. Blount warned me not to interfere.
布朗特太太告诫我不要插手。
⑤I warned them that there might be snakes in the woods.
我提醒他们树林里可能有蛇。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他警告说可能会有一次新的恐怖袭击。
He _________ a possibility of a new terrorist attack.
②他警告我晚上不要到那去。
He _________________ going there at night.
③士兵们未发警告就开了火。
The soldiers fired _______________. warned ofwarned me againstwithout warning6. The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.
1906年4月18日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。
【句式分析】本句中的that has ever happened in the United States是定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake。一般来说，当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 且定语从句常用完成时。①This is the most beautiful scenery that I have ever seen. 这是我所见过的最美的景色。
②That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。【想一想】请举例说明定语从句中关系词只能用that不能用which的情况。
【参考答案】
当先行词是物时，可以用that 或which引导的定语从句，但是下列情况只用that而不用which来引导定语从句：
(1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, few, anything, everything, none, nothing等，或先行词被all, any, few, no, little等词修饰时。
(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (3)当先行词被the only, the same, the very, the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。例如：
①All that can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
②The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
③My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我的项链不是唯一丢掉的东西。④Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?
穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
⑤The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。【即学活用】
The first thing ______ you could do was to turn off the light.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：你首先要做的就是熄灭灯。当先行词由序数词修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that，故选C。 Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. The teacher ______ the students not to cheat in the exam.
A. warned B. promised C. allowed D. let
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：老师警告学生不要在考试中作弊。 “警告某人不要做某事” 用warn sb. not to do sth. 。promise允诺；allow允许；let让。【变式训练】
He often ______ his daughter of the danger of making friends online.
A. realizes B. warns
C. persuades D. remembers
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：他经常提醒女儿网上交友的危险。warn sb. of sth. “警告某人某事” ；persuade sb. (not) to do sth. “说服某人(不)做某事” 。2. (2013·无锡高一检测)The young man worked three days and earned 50 dollars ______.
A. at all B. above all
C. in all D. all in all
【解析】选C。考查词组辨析。句意：这个年轻人工作了三天，总共赚了50美元。at all根本，全然；above all尤其，最重要的是；in all总计；all in all总之。【变式训练】
In order to continue to learn by ourselves after leaving school, we must ______ learn how to study in the school now.
A. after all B. in all
C. above all D. first of all
【解析】选C。考查固定短语。句意：为了毕业后继续自学，最重要的是我们必须现在在学校学会怎么去学习。根据句意可知选C项。after all毕竟，终究；in all总计；first of all首先，第一。3. (2013·西安高一检测)The serious accident resulted in three people dying, and the two cars were completely ______.
A. destroyed B. damaged
C. ruined D. wasted
【解析】选A。句意：这场严重的事故造成三人死亡，两辆汽车完全毁坏。由 serious 和 completely等关键词可以判断事故的严重性，汽车应为 “完全被毁” ，故选A项才符合句意。【变式训练】
According to a recent survey, too much pressure and long working hours are ______ many people’s health.
A. hurting B. injuring
C. ruining D. deserting
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：根据最近的一项调查，压力过大和长时间的工作正在破坏许多人的健康。ruin破坏，毁灭；hurt伤害(感情)；injure伤害，损害(感情)，损害(名誉)；desert放弃，抛弃。4. Great changes ______ in Zhejiang Province in the past few years.
A. have taken place B. were taken place
C. have taken the place D. were happened
【解析】选A。考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，浙江省发生了巨大变化。take place意为 “发生” ，为不及物动词(短语)，没有被动语态。由in the past few years可知应用现在完成时。5. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)At the last moment, Tom decided to ______ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up B. put in
C. put on D. put off
【解析】选B。考查动词短语。句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。put up举起，建立 ；put in 加入，放入；put on穿上，上演；put off 推迟。6. I ______ to persuade him to join us but he didn’t listen to me.
A. advised B. suggested
C. managed D. tried
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：我努力说服他加入我们，但他没有听我的。try to do sth. 努力做某事；manage to do sth. 设法做成某事；advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事，而suggest后应跟doing。【变式训练】
①They were determined to carry out the plan at first, but then we ______ advise them to change their minds.
A. tried to B. attempted to
C. managed to D. took up
【解析】选C。句意：他们一开始决定执行这个计划，但后来我们成功劝说他们改变了主意。manage to do sth. 成功做成某事；try to do尽力做；attempt to do企图做；take up从事于，后接名词或动名词。②Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children?
A. manage B. serve
C. adapt D. construct
【解析】选A。考查动词词义。句意：你的房子总是这么整洁——带着三个孩子你是怎样做到的？此处manage it意为 “做得到，处理” 。7. Seeing the ______ sight, the girl was nearly ______ to death.
A. terrifying; terrified B. terrifying; terrifying
C. terrified; terrified D. terrified; terrifying
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意：看到这令人恐怖的景象，这个女孩几乎吓死了。terrifying意为 “可怕的；令人恐怖的” ，用于修饰物；terrified意为 “感到惊恐的” ，用于修饰人。8. It suddenly ______ me how we could improve the situation.
A. got B. struck C. beat D. occurred
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：我突然想到一个办法可以让我们改进这种局面。 “sth. struck sb. +从句” 是习惯用法，意为 “某人突然想到……” ；也可以用 “sth. occurred to sb. +从句” 。9. The plane had a breakdown in the air, but ______ it was removed by the pilot.
A. fortunately B. sadly
C. certainly D. surprisingly
【解析】选A。考查副词辨析。句意：飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是，被驾驶员消除了。fortunately幸运地；sadly悲哀地，令人悲叹地；certainly当然；surprisingly令人惊异地。10. I think Oxford Advanced Dictionary ______ more words than any other dictionary.
A. prints B. writes
C. covers D. involves
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：我认为《牛津高阶词典》比其他任何词典包含的单词都多。print印刷；write写；cover包含，涉及；involve使卷入(困难的情况)，牵涉，包含” 。 cover一般指书籍、演讲等包含或涉及什么内容。而involve虽有 “包含” 之意，也是由前两个意思引申出来的，故它更侧重指 “卷入” 之意。【变式训练】
—Will $1, 000 ______ the cost of the trip?
—I’m afraid not. Perhaps I need ______ $400.
A. pay; another B. charge; more
C. cover; another D. afford; more
【解析】选C。句意：——1 000美元够支付旅行费用吗？
——恐怕不够。或许我还需要400美元。cover可表示 “够支付……的费用” ； “another＋数词＋名词” 或 “数词＋more＋名词” 都表示 “另外的……” 。Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 他回到西雅图是有可能的。
______________________ he might go back to Seattle.
2. 她丈夫的暴力行为让她感到害怕。
Her husband’s violence ___________.
3. 七月里，敌人来了，把所有的房子都放火烧了。
In July the enemy came and _________ all the houses.
4. 剧院失火时, 引起一阵恐慌。
When the theatre __________, there was a panic. There is a possibility thatterrified herset fire tocaught fire5. 下次会议将在星期四举行。
The next meeting _____________ on Thursday.
6. 我告诫过你不要一个人走回家。
I ________________walk home alone. will take placewarned you not to描述自然灾害事件
【互动导学】
◎学生：描述自然灾害事件的文章属于哪种体裁？
◎老师：属于说明文。
◎学生：这类文章一般需要说明哪些内容？
◎老师：灾害发生的时间、地点等；灾害的危害及其发生规律；补救措施；经验教训或建议。
◎学生：写这类文章需要注意哪些事项？ ◎老师：描述时首先要说明该灾害的基本情况，然后根据需要选择角度，简明扼要而又重点突出地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。【典题示例】
去年夏天，在中国南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面3个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文，词数100个左右。
1. 损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；
2. 洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；
3. 补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。 【审题谋篇】说明文自然灾害一般现在时和一般过去时第三人称【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
①发生 _____________
②造成巨大损失 ____________________________________
③冲走 __________
④持续下雨 ___________
⑤砍伐，砍倒 ________
⑥变成 ________occur; happencause a great loss; do/cause great damagewash awaykeep rainingcut downturn into⑦采取措施做 _________________
⑧无家可归 _______________
⑨阻塞水路 _________________
⑩阻止……做…… ______________________take measures to dobecome homelessblock the waterwayprevent. . . from doing. . .2. 句式：
①农田被毁坏，房屋被冲走，许多人无家可归。
The flood ruined fields, washed away houses, and made many people become homeless. (用被动语态改写句子)
Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became homeless. ②一些湖泊变成农田，这严重阻塞了水路。
Some lakes had been turned into fields, and this seriously blocked the waterway. (用定语从句改写句子)
Some lakes had been turned into fields, which seriously blocked the waterway. 【妙笔成篇】
Last summer, a big flood occurred in the south of China. It was very serious. It caused a great loss. Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became homeless.
There are three reasons for the flood. Firstly, it had kept raining for months. Secondly, many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away. Finally, some lakes had been turned into fields, which seriously blocked the waterway. Now, some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again. The trees along the rivers have been protected. Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again. 课件100张PPT。 Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
(1) _______ (n.) 灾难，灾祸；不幸
(2) _____ (vt.) 淹没；充满；溢出
(n.) 洪水
(3) _________ (n.) 飓风，暴风
(4) _____ (vt.)引起；导致
(5) _______ (n. )海流；潮流disasterfloodhurricanecausecurrent(6) _____ (vt.) 埋葬
(7) _______ (n. )羽毛
(8) _____ (vi.) 发生；出现；存在
(9) _____ (n. )波浪
(10) _____ (vt). & (n.) (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击buryfeatheroccurwavestrike2. 形意记忆。
(1)experience (vt.) 经历→___________ (adj.)有经验的
(2)________ (n.)家具→furnish (vt.)装备；装置
(3)rotate (vi.) 旋转；循环→_______ (adj.) 旋转的；循环的
(4)______ (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence (n.)暴力experiencedfurniturerotatingviolentⅡ. 短语互译
1. 指的是；涉及，有关 _______
2. 由于，因为 _________
3. 卷起；掀起 _______
4. 放下 _________
5. 去掉 _______refer tobecause ofpick upput downtake off6. on average _________
7. of all time _________
8. by the late 1890s _________________
9. end up _______________________
10. in the east of ______________平均起来有史以来到19世纪90年代末结果为……，以……结束在(……的)东部Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 它们可以摧毁房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
They can destroy houses, but ________________ inside
exactly where it was. (leave+宾语+宾语补足语)
2. 有史以来最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国
的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。
The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, ________
_____________: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. (现在分词短
语作结果状语)leave the furnitureaffectingthree US states3. 等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。
By the time it ended, more than 700 people ______________
and 2, 700 _______________. (含有by the time短语的主句的
时态)
4. 他搬到了纽约，在那里他出名了。
He then moved to New York, ______________________.
(where引导的非限制性定语从句)had been killedhad been injuredwhere he became famousⅣ. 语篇理解
1. Scan the text and then choose the best answer to each question.
(1)How much damage did the worst tornado cause to the US?
A. The tornado had winds of more than 400 kilometres per
hour.
B. The fur of the back of many cats and the feathers of many chickens had been taken off.
C. It caused about 80 deaths and 1, 500 injuries.
D. More than 700 people lost their lives and 2, 700 had been injured. (2)What are the similarities between the tornado and the hurricane?
A. They both occur together with strong wind.
B. America is the country often affected by both of them.
C. They both can cause a lot of damage to people and buildings.
D. All of the above. (3)Where was Charles Coghlan born indeed?
A. In Ireland. B. In Canada.
C. In New York. D. In Galveston.
(4)What are the causes of these natural violences?
A. The different atmospheric pressure between two areas.
B. The changeable weather in these areas.
C. The destruction of the nature by human beings.
D. Not mentioned in the passage.
答案：(1)～(4)DDAD2. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. rotatingoccurtropicalsouthern400three US states1206, 000【读而后思】
What damage does a tornado or a hurricane cause to us human?
It can injure some people or even kill some of us; it can lead to property damage; it can influence traffic badly. 1. experience vt. 经历；体验
n. [U]经验；[C]经历
【语境领悟】
①The city experienced over 2, 000 such accidents last year.
去年这座城市发生了2 000多起这样的事故。
②My teacher has much experience in teaching English.
我的老师英语教学经验丰富。③Can you tell me your experiences in America?
你能告诉我你在美国的经历吗？
【归纳拓展】
(1)have much teaching/working experience
教学/工作经验丰富
from/by experience 凭经验；从经验中(得出)
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in 在……方面有经验④He’s very experienced in looking after animals.
他养动物很有经验。
【名师点津】 experience的双面性
experience作名词，作 “经验” 讲时，是不可数名词，如rich experience；作 “经历” 讲时，是可数名词，如a terrible experience一次可怕的经历。作动词时意为 “体验，经历” ，是及物动词。【即学活用】
Although Robert has rich ______ in hunting, he had ______ frightening experience last Saturday—he was almost eaten by a lion.
A. experiences；/ B. experience；/
C. experience；a D. experiences；the
【解析】选C。句意：虽然罗伯特有丰富的打猎经验，但是他上周六有一次可怕的经历——他差一点就被一头狮子吃掉。第一个空用experience 表示 “经验” 不可数名词；第二个空后的experience 表示 “经历” ，此时它是可数名词，故其前须用冠词。2. cause vt. 引起；导致
n. 原因，起因；事业
【语境领悟】
①His death was caused by a high fever.
他的死亡是由高烧引起的。
②You must not be absent from the meetings without good cause. 你必须参加那些会议，不得无故缺席。③Refusing to have one leader has not helped the cause.
拒绝接受领导无益于该事业。
④There’s no necessary cause and effect between income and happiness.
收入和幸福之间不存在必然的因果关系。【易混辨析】 【即学活用】选词填空(cause/reason/excuse)。
①The heavy rain was the _____ of the flood.
②There is a ______ for every important thing that happens.
③His ______ for being late was that he had missed the train.causereasonexcuse3. bury vt. 埋葬
【语境领悟】
①They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it.
他们制作木炭时要把木头埋进地里，然后让它慢慢燃烧。
②Latest reports say that mud slides buried the entire village.
最新的报道说泥石流将这个村庄整个吞没了。【归纳拓展】
bury oneself in = be buried in 专心致志于
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋
be buried in thought 在沉思中
③She buried her face in the pillows.
她把脸埋进枕头中。
④I buried myself in my studies. =I was buried in my studies.
我埋头学习。【巧学助记】 情景记忆bury【即学活用】完成句子。
①I shall ________________________ my study if I want to pass
the exam.
要想通过考试，我应该埋头学习。
②She was sitting with her head ________ a newspaper.
她坐着埋头看报纸。be buried in/bury myself inburied in③ ______ in books, he didn’t notice his mother came in.
A. Burying B. Buried C. Bury D. To bury
【解析】选B。句意：沉浸在书中，他没有注意到妈妈进来了。buried in books为过去分词短语作原因状语。4. occur vi. 发生，出现；想起
【语境领悟】
①If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause. 如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。
②These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands.
这些蜗牛不会出现在低洼的珊瑚岛上。【归纳拓展】
sth. occur(s) to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It occurs to sb. that. . . / to do sth.
…… 的念头浮现于(某人)脑海
【名师点津】(1)occur的过去式和过去分词均是occurred；
(2) occur是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；
(3) occur to sb. 表示 “某人想起” ；此时主语常为形式主语it或idea, thought，plan等表示 “想法，计划” 的单词。③It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
我没想到要核对我的保险单。
④Just then a bright idea occurred to me.
正在那时候，我想到一个妙主意。【易混辨析】【即学活用】
选词并用其适当形式填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)。
①Two world wars _________ last century.
②Great changes have __________ in my hometown since then.
③Yesterday a traffic accident _________ on this road，but
luckily no one was injured.
④It ________ to me that I had left my book at home. broke outtaken placehappenedoccurred5. pick up 卷起，掀起，拾起；(用车)接(某人)；收听(节目，电台)；(偶然)学得；顺便买；好转；结识
【语境领悟】
①Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town.
龙卷风可以卷起汽车、火车甚至是房子并把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。②He has never studied French；what he knows is what he picked up while living in France.
他从未学过法语，他所懂的法语是他在法国居住时偶然学到的。
③She kept picking up magazines and putting them down again.
她不断地把那些杂志拿起来又放下。④The world economy is picking up.
世界经济正在复苏。
⑤Shall I pick you up at the station?
要我开车到车站去接你吗？【即学活用】
pick up的意思有很多，在括号中写出下面句子中黑体部分的
汉语意思。
①He has picked up some bad habits at that club. ( )
②During the morning Mrs. Carter picked up sticks in the
yard. ( )
③A bit of exercise will pick you up. ( )
④She is in love with a man whom she picked up at a party.
( )
⑤I picked up Radio Beijing last night. ( )偶然学到拾起，拿起好转结识收听⑥She picked up a valuable first edition at a village book sale.
( )
⑦The train stopped to pick up passengers. ( )
⑧My father ____ my brother for driving but he wanted to pick ____ the knowledge of the computer during his spare time.
A. advised; up B. persuaded; out
C. intended; up D. managed; out
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。句意：父亲打算让哥哥学驾驶，但是他想在业余时间学点电脑知识。intend sb. for doing sth. 打算让某人做某事；pick up学会，均为固定搭配。顺便买搭载6. take off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；成功；休假；匆匆离开
【语境领悟】
①They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.
它们可以将猫背上的皮毛和鸡身上的羽毛拔下来。
②You should take your toys off the table.
你应该把桌上的玩具拿走。③The plane took off from the airport and headed south towards Hong Kong.
飞机从机场起飞往南向香港飞去。
④He took two weeks off in August.
他在八月份休假了两个星期。【归纳拓展】【即学活用】用take的相关短语填空。
①The students couldn’t ______(理解) the lecture.
②Our university ___________(呈现) a new look recently.
③I’m sorry to have ________(占据) so much of your valuable
time.
④The plane ________(起飞)in five minutes. take inhas taken ontaken uptakes off⑤Henry has ______ the running of the family firm from his old father.
A. taken away B. taken up
C. taken off D. taken over
【解析】选D。考查动词词组。句意：亨利从年迈的父亲手里接管了自家经营的商行。take away带走，拿走；take up拿起，开始从事，占据(时间、空间等)；take off(飞机等)起飞，脱衣；take over接管，接收。由句意可知选D。7. on average 平均起来
【语境领悟】
①On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1, 500 injuries.
美国平均每年会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
②On average，there are 20 boys present every day.
平均每天有20个男生出席。【归纳拓展】
above average 在平均水平以上
below average 在平均水平以下
with the average of 平均为
③His income is well above average/below average.
他的收入大大高于/低于平均水平。【即学活用】
(2011·天津高考)He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意：他是一个好学生，在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average低于平均分；on average平均；above average高于平均分。根据句意可知选D。8. end up 结果为……；以……结束
【语境领悟】
①Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我们总是在吵闹中结束比赛。
②If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead.
如果他继续那样开车，总有一天会把命都丢掉。【归纳拓展】
in 以……结束(接表示结果的名词)
with 以……结束(接表示伴随方式的名词)
as 作为……而结束
doing 以……方式结束
③At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。
④The party ended up with a beautiful song.
晚会以一首优美的歌曲告终。end up⑤He ended up as the head of the company.
他最后成为这家公司的老板。
【名师点津】 end up with的反义短语是begin with/start with。例如：The party started with the president’s speech and ended up with a song. 这个晚会以主席的演讲开始，以一首歌结束。【即学活用】完成句子。
①She ________ her speech ____ a short poem.
她朗诵了一首短诗结束了她的演讲。
②Our teacher suggested that the party should ______ with an English song.
A. come up B. put up
C. catch up D. end up
【解析】选D。考查动词词组辨析。句意：我们老师建议晚会应以一首英文歌曲结束。come up with提出；put up with忍受；catch up with 赶上；end up with以……结束。由句意可知选D。ended upwith9. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2, 700 had been injured.
等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。
【句式分析】
本句中by the time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意为 “到……为止；不迟于……” ，此时主句常用完成时态。【名师点津】 by the time引导时间状语从句时，一定要注意主从句的时态：
by the time +一般过去时，主句时态为过去完成时；
by the time+一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。
①The truck will have arrived by the time that you have all the things packed up.
等你们把所有这些东西包装完毕时，卡车已经抵达。
②By the time she was 15, she had written three long novels.
当她15岁时，她已经写了三部长篇小说。 【即学活用】仿写句子。
①By the time I received his letter, __________________.
我收到他的信时，他已经离开上海了。
②By the time this letter reaches you, ________________
_______.
当你收到这封信时，我将已离开这个国家。he had left ShanghaiI will have left thecountry③Hurry up, or the tickets ______ out by the time we get there.
A. will have sold B. will sell
C. will be selling D. will have been sold
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：快点，否则当我们到达那里时，票就已经被卖完了。sell out意为 “卖完” ，tickets与sell out之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；由by the time we get there可知要用将来完成时。1. flood n. 洪水，水灾
v. 淹没，大量涌入
【语境领悟】
①More than 70 people were killed in the floods when a dam burst.
大坝决堤引发的洪水吞噬了七十多人的生命。
②There was a bad flood (There were bad floods) after the typhoon.
台风过后发生了大水灾。【归纳拓展】
in flood (指河水)泛滥
a flood of 大量的
be flooded with 充满
flood in 涌入
③Beer flooded from the glass.
啤酒从酒杯中溢出。
④When I drew the curtains back， the sunlight flooded in.
我拉开窗帘，阳光泻进房间。
⑤Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area.
大批移民涌入了这个地区。【巧学助记】
Look! This place is flooded and the
person in the flood is in danger.
看！这个地方被洪水淹没了，在洪水
中的这个人正处于危险中。【即学活用】完成句子。
①The room _______________ autumnal sunlight.
那个房间充满了秋天的阳光。
②Sunlight ___________ the room.
阳光泻入屋内。
③Fan letters _________.
崇拜者的信像潮水般涌来。was flooded withflooded intoflooded in2. strike v. (struck; struck/striken) (雷电，暴风雨等)袭击，爆发(灾难、疾病等)
【语境领悟】
①A moderate earthquake struck the northeastern United States early on Saturday.
美国东北部周六早晨遭遇了一次中等强度的地震。
【归纳拓展】
sth. strike(s) sb. 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb. + that-从句 某人一下想到
be struck by 被……打动；给……以印象②A happy thought struck her.
她的心头突然涌出一个愉快的念头。
③It strikes me that he’s right a tough nut to crack.
在我看来，他可是个难对付的家伙。
④I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La.
香格里拉的美景给我留下了深刻的印象。【易混辨析】【想一想】在本节课中我们还学习了一个生词，它与strike一样也可表示 “想起” ，是哪个词？表示此意时，它们的用法有什么不同？
【参考答案】
occur表示 “想起” 时，用于 sth. occur (s) to sb. 的结构中。strike表示此意时用于sth. strike (s) sb. 的结构中。例如：
At that time, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.
=At that time, it suddenly occurred to me that I was wasting my time. 那时，我突然想起我正在浪费时间。【即学活用】完成句子。
①_______________ we could do it better.
我一下子明白了我们如何可以做得更好。
②The visitors _____________ the beauty of the country.
游客们被乡村美景打动了。
选词并用其适当形式填空(hit/beat/strike/knock)。
③An idea _________ him that his friend lived nearby when
a stone ___ him on the head，so he went up to ______ at the
door with his heart _______ faster. It struck me howwere struck bystruck/hithitknockbeating3. put down 放下
【语境领悟】
①Put down that book and help your mother with the dishes.
放下那本书, 帮你母亲洗餐具。
【归纳拓展】
put down还有 “记录；镇压；使……降落” 等意思。
②Make sure that you put down every word she says.
务必记下她所说的每一个字。③In 24 hours the general had entirely put down the rebellion.
在24小时内，这位将军就把叛乱完全镇压下去了。
④The pilot put the plane down safely，despite the storm.
尽管有暴风雨，飞行员还是安全地降落了飞机。【即学活用】完成句子。
①The bus stopped to _________ some passengers.
公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。
②Let me _________ your telephone number.
让我记下你的电话号码。
③He _________ in a field.
他降落在一块田里。put downput downput down4. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们可以摧毁房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
【句式分析】
句中leave the furniture inside exactly where it was 是 “leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语” 结构，这里的宾语是the furniture inside，宾语补足语是where it was。leave表示 “使……处于某种状态” 。
①Leave the fish where the cat can’t reach it.
把鱼放在猫够不到的地方。【归纳拓展】
leave的常见结构如下： ②Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.
让门开着，你就会呼吸到新鲜空气。
③He went to bed straight，leaving the TV on.
电视没有关，他就径直上床睡觉了。
④They started out hurriedly，leaving the dishes untouched.
菜都没有动，他们就匆匆出发了。
⑤His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。
⑥Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨里等着。 【即学活用】完成句子。
①The bad weather ___ the project ___________.
坏天气使工程只完成了一半。
②Leave things __________.
让一切保持现状吧。
③You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get it.
A. even if B. which
C. where D. so that
【解析】选C。句意：你最好别把药放在孩子能够找到的地方。leave. . . where. . . 也是一个常见的句式，意为 “把……放在……地方” 。lefthalf finishedas they are5. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.
有史以来最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。
【句式分析】
本句中的affecting three US states是现在分词短语作结果状语。
①The child fell，striking his head against the door and cutting it.
小孩摔了一跤，头撞在门上碰破了。【名师点津】现在分词作结果状语与不定式作结果状语的区别
现在分词作结果状语表自然而然的结果；
不定式作结果状语表意想不到的结果，常用only/ just/ never to do结构。②He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 他淋雨了，因此感冒了。
③I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.
我匆匆地去了邮局，却发现它已经关门了。( “邮局关门了” 这个结果出乎 “我” 的意料)【即学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。
①I hurried to his house，only ______(find) him out.
我急急忙忙地赶到他家，结果却发现他出去了。
②The football team played in all the European countries，
_______ (make)it famous.
那支足球队在所有的欧洲国家踢球，使它自己出了名。to findmaking③(2011·陕西高考)More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made
C. to make D. having made
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：中国修建了更多的公路，这使得人们从一个地方到另外一个地方旅行更容易了。句中making it much easier. . . 为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，且动词make与前面所表达的含义为主动关系，故选择现在分词短语作状语。④I rushed to the door, only ______ that it was locked.
A. to discover B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. discovered
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我冲到门边，却发现门已被锁了。only to discover表示出乎意料的结果，I与discover之间是主动关系，不能用to be discovered；表示出乎意料的结果时only后面不接v. -ing形式，排除C项。故选A。 Ⅰ. 根据所给汉语意思或首字母提示拼写单词
1. It was the second air _______ in the region in less than two
months.
2. Water burst through the dam and _______ local villages.
3. You don’t need any __________ (经验)to work here.
4. The wound isn’t serious, but may _____(引起)some
discomfort.
5. I felt a _______(气流) of cool air blowing in my face. disasterfloodedexperiencecausecurrent6. Each piece of f________ in their home suited the style of the
house.
7. The house was ______(掩埋) under ten feet of snow.
8. The accident o________ at five o’clock.
9. The medicine produced a ______(剧烈的)reaction.
10. Lightning _________(击中) the pine tree. urnitureburiedccurredviolentstruck/hitⅡ. 完成句子
1. The new law does not _______ the land used for farming.
这项新法律不涉及农业用地。
2. I did not go to the cinema _________ the intense cold.
我因为严寒没出去看电影。
3. He bent down to _______ the coin.
他弯下腰来, 捡起硬币。
4. She _________ the phone, sighed, and shook her head sadly.
她放下电话，叹着气，惋惜地摇了摇头。 refer tobecause ofpick upput down5. He _______ his coat and sat down.
他脱下大衣坐了下来。
6. How many times do you dine out per week __________?
平均每星期你会外出用餐多少次?
7. David Robinson is one of the greatest centers _________.
大卫·罗宾逊是历史上最伟大的中锋之一。
8. The boy’s ball ________ on the garage roof.
这个男孩的球最后落到了车库顶上。took offon averageof all timeended upⅢ. 单项填空
1. (2013·南宁高一检测)—You must taste some of her home-made wine.
—It’s quite an unforgotten ______.
A. experiment B. experience
C. skill D. effort
【解析】选B。考查名词。句意：——你一定品尝了她自家酿制的酒。——那真是一次难忘的经历。experiment实验；experience经历，为可数名词；skill技能；effort努力。根据句意可知选B。【变式训练】
—Has Frank told you about his ______ as a young man?
—Yes. He ______ all sorts of difficulties and hardships.
A. experience; was experienced
B. experiences; was experienced
C. experience; had experienced
D. experiences; experienced【解析】选D。考查experience的用法。句意：——弗兰克告诉你他年轻时的经历了吗？——是的。他经历了各种各样的困难和艰辛。experience可数名词 “经历” ；而作为不可数名词时意思为 “经验” ；根据题意在此考查experience作为可数名词的用法，排除A、C两项， “年轻时经历过” 用一般过去时。2. I’m sorry to tell you that I will ______ you a lot of trouble.
A. get B. fetch C. cause D. carry
【解析】选C。考查动词。句意：非常抱歉地告诉你我会给你带来许多麻烦。 “给某人带来麻烦” 用cause sb. trouble，故选C。【变式训练】
Fires are one of the ______ of the decrease of the forests.
A. excuses B. reasons
C. effects D. causes
【解析】选D。考查名词。句意：火灾是森林减少的原因之一。cause常指导致事情发生的起因，与of连用；excuse借口，理由；effect效果，影响；reason常指产生某种行为或想法的推理上的理由，与for连用。3. (2013·东营高一检测)Many men were ______ underground when there was an accident in the mine.
A. burying B. buried
C. built D. building
【解析】选B。句意：煤矿发生事故时，很多人被埋在地下。bury埋葬，build建造。根据句意可知选bury的适当形式，此处bury与主语many men之间是被动关系，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。4. The ship calls at each port on this coast to ______ passengers and mail.
A. pick up B. wake up
C. grow up D. show up
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：那艘船在沿海每个港口停下，搭载乘客并接取邮件。pick up接，取；wake up醒来；grow up长大成人；show up露面，显露。根据句意可知选A。【变式训练】
When is the weather going to ______? It’s been bad for weeks.
A. pick up B. look up
C. bring up D. set up
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：天气什么时候转好？几周来一直很糟糕。pick up好转；bring up养育，培养；look up查找；set up建立，创立。由句意可知选A。5. It suddenly ______ me that I can use the computer to do the work.
A. happens to B. occurs to
C. takes place D. appears
【解析】选B。考查动词(词组)。句意：我突然想到我能够用计算机来做这项工作。sth. occur(s) to sb. 意为 “某人突然想起某事” 。【变式训练】
I don’t know what I’ll do if something ______ to him.
A. occurs B. takes place
C. happening D. happens
【解析】选D。句意：假如他出了事，我不知道该怎么办。happen, occur, take place都是不及物动词，不能用被动结构。happen多指偶然、突发事件的发生；happen to sb. 指不幸的事突然发生在某人身上；occur to sb. 指某人突然想起(主意等)；take place不与to连用。6. I was about to ______ a match when I remembered Tom’s warning.
A. put B. strike C. rub D. hit
【解析】选B。考查动词。句意：我正要划火柴时想起了汤姆的警告。strike a match表示 “划火柴” ，为固定搭配，其他选项无此用法。7. His career began to ______ in his late thirties.
A. take off B. take in
C. take on D. take up
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：他的事业在他年近40岁时开始腾飞。take off(事业)成功，起飞，符合句意。take in吸收，欺骗；take on 呈现；take up占据，从事。8. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. left
【解析】选C。考查时态。句意：简回到家时，她姑姑已经离开去伦敦参加会议了。by the time引导的从句用一般现在时，主句常用将来完成时。9. In spite of Tom’s hard work，he ______ unsuccessful after all.
A. ended in B. ended with
C. ended up D. turned out
【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意：尽管汤姆付出了很大的努力，可最后还是没有成功。end up以……结果而告终，后接副词或介词短语作状语。end in/with后接名词作宾语；turn out 后接形容词。【变式训练】
In English, if new words continue to be used for at least five years they generally ______ the Oxford English Dictionary.
A. come up with B. make up for
C. look up to D. end up in【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在英语中，如果新单词被持续使用至少五年，它们通常会被收录到《牛津英语词典》中。come up with赶上，提议；make up for弥补，补偿；look up to尊敬，仰慕；end up意为 “结束，以……结束” ，end up in the Oxford English Dictionary意为 “被收录到《牛津英语词典》中” 。根据句意可知选D。10. This car runs 15 kilometres per liter petrol ______.
A. on averages B. at average
C. on average D. above average
【解析】选C。句意：这辆车每跑15千米平均消耗一升油。 “平均说来” 用on average，固定用法。11. (2013·西安高一检测)Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives ______ everything seems tough．
A. when B. where
C. which D .that
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：振作起来！每个人的生命中都有事事都不如意的阶段。分析句子结构可知periods为先行词，在定语从句_______ everything seems tough中作时间状语，故选A。12. It was ______ difficult a question that ______ people could answer it.
A. so; few B. so; a few
C. such; few D. such; a few
【解析】选A。句意：这样如此难的一个问题，几乎没人能回答。so+形容词+不定冠词+单数名词，such+不定冠词+形容词+单数名词。由此可知第一空应当使用so，故排除C和D两项；根据前一句子 “问题如此难” 可知 “几乎没有人可以回答出来” ，故正确答案为A项。a few表示肯定意义，意思为 “一些” ；few表示否定意义，意思是 “很少，几乎没有” 。课件15张PPT。 Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记(根据构词法完成下面空格)
1. v. +-ion→n.
erupt (v.)爆发，喷发→________ (n.)爆发，喷发
【类记】
associate (v.)联系；关联→__________ (n.)联合；联盟
promote (v.)促进；提升→__________(n.)促进；提升
produce (v.)生产→__________(n.)生产；产量
attract (v.)吸引→_________(n.)吸引
celebrate (v.)庆祝→__________(n.)庆祝eruptionassociationpromotionproductionattractioncelebration2. adj. +-ly→adv.
thankful (adj.) 感谢的→_________(adv.)感激地
【类记】
free (adj.)空闲的→_____(adv.)空闲地
excited (adj.)兴奋的→________(adv.)兴奋地
practical (adj.)实用的→__________(adv.)实用地
faithful (adj.)忠实的→________(adv.)忠实地
fair (adj.)公平的→_____(adv.)公平地thankfullyfreelyexcitedlypracticallyfaithfullyfairlyⅡ. 连词成句(用本模块的词汇完成句子，每空一词)
1. 他的家乡发生了许多灾难，例如水灾、飓风、雷暴、龙卷
风等，绝大多数灾难他都经历过。这些灾难造成了许多损失。
Many ________ happened in his hometown such as ______,
__________, _____________, _________ and so on, most of
which he ___________ and which ______ a lot of loss. floodshurricanesthunderstormstornadoesexperiencedcauseddisasters2. 这场可怕的龙卷风卷起了街道上的车，甚至揭掉了一只狗
的皮，但家具还留在了原地。
The _______ tornado ______ ___ cars in the street, even ____
the ___ ___ a dog, but left the ________ inside where it had
been.
3. 一场飓风发生并袭击了这一地区，一个墓地里的许多棺材
被毁坏了并葬送海中。
A hurricane ________ and ______ the area, many ______ in
a ________ were ______ and ______ ___ in the sea. terriblepickeduptookfurofffurniturestruckcoffinscemeteryruinedendedupoccurred4. 很有可能他放火烧了这家商店，所以商店着火了，这非常
可怕，但幸运的是/谢天谢地，火被消防员及时扑灭了，共有
3人遇难。
There is a strong _________ that he ___ ____ __ the shop so it
______ ____, which was _________, but _________________
_________, it was ___ ___ by the firefighters in time, killing
3 people __ ___. possibilitysetfiretocaughtfireterrifyingluckily/fortunately/thankfullyputoutinall5. 我认为发生在那里的这场灾难对全世界来说是一个警告，
它警告人们要爱护我们的星球，还要采取积极的措施来减少
一些可能的损失。
I think the disaster which ____ _____ there is a ________ for
the __________ people to care for our planet and take ______
measures to reduce some possible _______. tookplacewarningworldwideactivedamage6. 未来，有经验的专家有可能能够精确地预测一些可怕的自
然灾害。
There is a _________ that experienced experts will be able to
_______ some _________ natural disasters accurately in the
future. possibilityforecastterrifyingⅢ. 句式点拨
1. 我突然想出一个好主意。(True or False)
(1)I occurred a good idea. ( )
(2)A good idea occurred to me. ( )
(3)A good idea struck me. ( )
【思路点拨】
occur是不及物动词，不能接宾语，occur表示 “突然想起” 时，句子的主语是 “想法” 之类的词，且其后面要加介词to；strike表示此意时，主语也是 “想法” 之类的词，后面直接接某人。FTT【句式训练】
他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
______________________________________________
_________It didn’t occur to/strike him that she would refuse hisinvitation.2. 汤姆有可能不参加你的生日聚会。(True or False)
(1)It is a possibility that Tom will not attend your birthday
party. ( )
(2)There is a possibility that Tom will not attend your
birthday party. ( )
(3)It is possible that Tom will not attend your birthday party.
( )FTT【思路点拨】
There is a possibility that. . . 是固定句式，意为 “有可能……” ，that后面是同位语从句，用来补充说明可能性是什么；It is possible that. . . 也是固定句式，that后面的从句是真正的主语，it是形式主语。【句式训练】
其他行星上有生命存在的可能性。
There is a possibility that there is life on other planets. / It is possible that there is life on other planets.
