课件49张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
Grammar
动词不定式和but+动词不定式【探究寻规】
请说出下面句子中的不定式所作的成分。
1. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in
China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
（ ）
2. To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible
experience. （ ）
3. There was nothing to be done. （ ）to solve this problem和to help solve it作目的状语To have been caught in a sandstorm作主语to be done作定语4. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves
very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
（ ）
5. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts
advise people not to go out. （ ）
6. It’s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.
（ ）
7. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting
trees. （ ）to see作宾语not to go out作宾语补足语to breathe作主语To prevent it coming nearer作目的状语【语法精点】
一、基础点拨
1. 动词不定式的时态和语态。 （1）若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后，不定式用一般式。
*I hope that I’ll see you again.
→I hope to see you again.
我希望再见到你。
（2）若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或持续进行，不定式用进行式。
*I am very glad to be working with you.
我很高兴和你一起工作。 （3）若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或强调动作
已经发生，不定式用完成式。
*I am sorry to have cheated you.
很抱歉，我欺骗了你。
【名师点津】
①当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式
一般用被动式。The novel is said to have been translated
into several languages. 据说这部小说已被译成了好几种
语言。
②动词不定式的否定式是在to前面加not，即not to do。 2. 不定式在句中的作用。
（1）作主语。
*To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。
【名师点津】在很多情况下，通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定 式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It’s rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to
answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 （2）作表语。
*My job is to drive them to the company every day.
我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。
（3）作宾语。
*I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。【巧学助记】
巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse
设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide
不要假装在选择：pretend, choose （4）作宾语补足语。
*Father will not allow us to play in the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
【名师点津】 （1）在 “一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三
让(let, have, make)四看(observe, see, watch, look at)” 等
动词（短语）后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to, 但
当以上动词用于被动语态时要带to。
（2）help后跟作宾语补足语的动词不定式时，动词不定
式可带to也可不带to，即help sb. (to)do sth. 。 （3）在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如
果宾语带有宾语补足语，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而
把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。例如：
I found it possible to work out the problem without a
computer.
我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。 （5）作定语。
*He is the man to believe in. 他是值得信任的人。
*Liu Yang was the first woman astronaut to be sent into space in China.
在中国，刘洋是第一位飞上太空的女航天员。
（6）作状语。
*She reads China Daily every day to improve her English. 为了提高英语，她每天读《中国日报》。（动词不定式作目的状语，此时相当于in order to 或so as to。so as to不能位于句首）
*He is too weak to do the work.
他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。 【名师点津】 （1） “too. . . to. . . “ 结构常表示 “太……
而不能” ，但too之前如果有only, 此时不定式表肯定。因
为only too 表示 “非常，很” 。
(2)too后如果是happy, glad之类的形容词时，不定式也
表肯定意义。
(3) “形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式” 结构中，动词不定
式也表示结果。
(4)动词不定式还可表示意外的结果。 *They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit.
他们很幸运去国外访问。
*She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
在街上见到她的老朋友她很高兴。
*He hurried to see his girlfriend, only to find she had left.
他匆忙去见他的女朋友，结果却发现她已经离开了。
3. 疑问词+不定式结构。
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。例如:
*When to start has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。(主语) *The difficulty was how to cross the river.
困难在于如何过河。(表语)
*I can tell you where to get this book.
我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（宾语）
4. but+动词不定式。
（1）用于cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help
but等短语后，其不定式通常不带to。这些短语相当于have to。
*When a good friend dies, you cannot but feel sad.
当好朋友去世时，你怎能不感到悲伤。
*I couldn’t choose but speak the truth.
我不能不说真话。
*When it rains, you cannot help but get your shoes wet.
下雨天，你的鞋子岂能不湿。 （2）当but（表示 “除……之外” ）前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带to。其他情况下不定式通常都要带to。
*I’ll do anything for you but set you free.
我可以替你做任何事，但不能把你释放。
*There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.
没什么事可干了，除了等他回来。
*They had no choice but to obey.
他们别无选择，只能服从。 二、难点突破
不定式主动形式表被动含义的情况：
1. 不定式作形容词的状语，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。
*The book is difficult to understand.
这本书太难，看不懂。
*The river has been polluted and the water is not fit to drink. 这条河被污染了，水不能喝了。 2. 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
*I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
*Do you have anything to say?
你有什么要说的吗？
3. to let, to blame作表语时。
*They think that more than one person may be to blame for the big fire.
他们认为这场大火可能不止一人负有责任。【高考体验】
动词不定式做题步骤：
1. 分析句子缺少哪种成分；
2. 根据题干猜测句子所要表达的意思；
3. 根据题支确定本题所考查的非谓语动词形式；
4. 确定符合句意的选项。1. （2013·四川高考）The airport______next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed
C. completed D. having been completed
解题关键：时间状语next year
思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：明年将要完工的机场会有助于促进这一地区的旅游业发展。A项表示正在进行的被动；B项表示将来的被动；C项和D项表示完成的被动。根据时间状语next year可知表示将要被完成，故选B项。2. （2013·山东高考）I stopped the car______ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
解题关键：原因状语从句I was feeling tired
思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我感到累了，因此停下车休息一小会儿。to do 不定式在句中作目的状语。所以选C。3. （2012·重庆高考）We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made
C. made D. having been made
解题关键：时态是一般将来时以及decision与make之间的关系思路分析：选A。句意：我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。由句意可知, 非谓语动词作decision的定语。make和decision之间是被动关系, 且是将来发生的动作, 应用不定式的被动形式。to be made表被动和将来; being made表被动和进行; made表被动和完成; having been made表被动和完成, 但一般不作定语。故选A。4. （2012·全国卷Ⅱ）The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching
C. watched D. to have watched
解题关键：不定式位于形容词后作状语的用法
思路分析：选A。句意：这位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看着正在发生的一切。happy为形容词, 此处作伴随状语, 表示老人的心态; 做该题时, 需想到的是be happy to do sth. 。此时的不定式不能用to have done sth. , 因为 “看” 不是一个先发生的动作; 该题易误选watching, 但是, 如用watching作伴随状语, 必须把happy改为happily, 用来修饰watching。5. （2012·北京高考）Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
解题关键：找准不定式作定语所修饰的词
思路分析：选A。句意：有时候鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。to stay away是不定式短语作warning的定语。
易错误区:
一般情况下, 作定语的非谓语动词紧跟在所修饰词的后面, 所以会误以为本题中stay away修饰other birds, 就会误选成B项staying。6. （2012·辽宁高考）This machine is very easy ______ . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating
C. operated D. to operate
解题关键：不定式的主动形式表被动
思路分析：选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作, 任何人在几分钟之内都能学会使用它。在 “be+性质形容词+不定式” 结构中, 应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常见的此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等, 该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。易错误区:
当动词不定式修饰作表语的形容词时一般要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。此时不能用不定式的被动形式。 Ⅰ.单项填空
1. （2013·咸阳高一检测）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果接受了这项工作, 他就别无选择只会遇到更大的挑战。have no choice but to+动词原形, 不得不做某事，固定结构。所以D项符合题意。2. （2013·潍坊高一检测）The government officer said China should bring in more high technology ______ our competitive power.
A. improving B. to be improved
C. to improve D. improve
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：那个政府官员说中国应该引进更多的高科技来提升我们的竞争力。根据句意可知bring in more high technology的目的是提升竞争力，故用不定式to improve表示目的，其他三项均不符合句意。故选C。【变式训练】
①（2013·西宁高一检测） ______ the working efficiency, the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.
A．Improving B．To improve
C．Having improved D．Improved
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高工作效率，老板允许员工们休息一下喝杯咖啡。to do不定式表示目的。②The old lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, ______ along the beach and get some fresh air.
A. walked B. to walk
C. walking D. having walked
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：那位老太太和往常一样在日出之前就起床了，为的是沿着海岸散散步呼吸一下新鲜的空气。3. With so many things ______ , I have to work late into the night.
A．to deal with B．dealt with
C．dealing with D．being dealt with
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。由空格后的部分可以看出， “so many things” 很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。【变式训练】
With so many problems ______ , Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin roof.
A. solved B. to solve
C. solving D. to be solved
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式。句意：有如此多的问题要处理，杰克急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。该题的关键是对俗语 “a cat on a hot tin roof（像热锅上的蚂蚁一样）” 的理解。既然是像热锅上的蚂蚁一样，这说明很多问题有待于解决，所以用不定式作宾语补足语，在该结构中相当于省略了for sb. ，故选B。4. If you are the last student ______ the room, remember to turn off the lights.
A. leaving B. to leave
C. left D. leaves
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。 “the + 序数词 +名词+ to do sth. ” 为固定用法，意为：第……干……的人。5. （2013·宝鸡高一检测）Suddenly an idea flashed into her mind and she wanted to put it down immediately, but she couldn’t find any paper ______ .
A．writing on B．to write
C．writing D．to write on
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：突然一个想法闪现在她的脑海中，她想立即把它写下来，但是她找不到任何纸张来写。表示的是将要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式，此外，write为不及物动词，表示在纸上 “写” ，用介词on。6. （2013·杭州高一检测） ______ how mirrors produce images, we need to know what light does.
A. Understanding B. Understood
C. To understand D. Having understood
【解析】选C。考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：要想理解镜子的成像原理，我们需要知道光的作用。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。7. （2013·南昌高一检测）So much work needs doing this year, but the one ______ immediately is collecting money for the orphans.
A．done B．to be done
C．doing D．being done
【解析】选B。考查不定式的用法。句意：今年有很多事情要做，而需要马上做的一件事就是为这些孤儿们筹集善款。表示将要做的事情，要用动词不定式作定语；done表示已经做完，being done表示某事正在被做。8. —I regret ______ you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believe my ears. He’s such a fine worker.
A. telling B. having told
C. to tell D. to have told
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：——我遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。——我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的工人。regret to tell意为 “遗憾地告诉” ，符合语境。regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔。9. I feel greatly honored ______ to make a speech in your school.
A. to invite B. inviting
C. to be invited D. invited
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：被邀请到贵校做报告，我感到非常荣幸。由invite与其逻辑主语I为动宾关系，可排除A和B，又因feel honored to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸，可排除D，故选C。10. Traveling can broaden our view and it can make us ______ after a long period of studying or working.
A. feeling relaxed B. feeling relaxing
C. feel relaxing D. feel relaxed
【解析】选D。句意：旅游可以拓宽我们的视野，使我们在长时间的学习或工作后轻松一下。make 为使役动词，后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，排除A和B；feel为系动词，后跟形容词作表语。relaxing “令人轻松的” ；relaxed “(人感到)轻松的” ，故选D。11. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
【解析】选A。句意：吃饭时孩子们说话声音很大，因此我不得不努力让别人听到我说话。struggle to do sth. “努力去做某事” ；hear与I是动宾关系，故不定式用被动式。12. —He is said ______ in the United States for three years.
—No wonder he speaks English so well.
A. to have stayed B. to stay
C. having stayed D. staying
【解析】选A。句意：——据说他在美国待了三年。——难怪他的英语说得这么好。be said 后接动词不定式形式。根据句意，不定式所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，所以应用 to have stayed。13. —What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear?
—A tent ______ in.
A．sleep B．sleeping
C．to sleep D．slept
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：——除了吃的食物和穿的特殊衣服外，这次旅行我们还需要别的什么？——一顶用来休息的帐篷。此处表示未来的动作，故需用不定式作后置定语，此处不定式短语to sleep in和它所修饰的名词tent之间为动宾关系。【变式训练】
—Well, a soup, a salad, and anything ______ ， sir?
—An apple pie, please.
A．follows B．to follow
C．followed D．following
【解析】选B。句意：——好的，一份汤，一份沙拉，还要别的什么吗，先生？——一个苹果馅饼。此处指 “还有没有要的东西” ，故用不定式作定语。14. What is the best way you can imagine ______ the overuse of water in our school?
A．reducing B．to reduce
C．reduced D．reduce
【解析】选B。句意：你能想出的减少学校滥用水的最好的方法是什么？此处为不定式作定语，you can imagine为省去了关系代词that/which的定语从句修饰先行词way，省略的关系代词在定语从句中作动词imagine的宾语。若将定语从句去掉，则答案很明确，the way后跟to do/of doing作定语。此项为陷阱题，认为imagine后跟动名词作宾语，忽略you can imagine为省略了作宾语的关系代词的定语从句而误选A。15. （2013·上海高一检测）After the meeting, we went to the supermarket to do some shopping, only ______ that it was being decorated.
A. to be told B. to tell
C. telling D. having told
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：会后，我们去超市购物，却被告知超市正在装修。only to be told表示出乎意料的结果，符合句意，故选A。 Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。
The chair is comfortable _______.
2. 他病得太重，不能完成那个项目。
He was too ill ___________that program.
3. 我不知道要不要去开会。
I don’t know _________________________or not.
4. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I ______________me the money back. to sit onto carry outwhether to go to the meetingmade them give5. 为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
________________, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.
6. 我不得不告诉她真相。
I ________tell her the truth.
7. 她什么都不想做，只想哭一场。
She wanted nothing _________.
8. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
He lifted a rock ___________it on his own feet. To catch the traincan’t butbut to cryonly to drop课件88张PPT。 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
Integrating Skills Ⅰ. 根据汉语意思填写单词
1. The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of _________
（化学药品） in agriculture.
2. Please put the _______（垃圾） in the dustbin.
3. She doesn’t like going to bars because of the smoky
___________(空气).
4. Students in our schools are taught in a safe, secure
___________（环境）. chemicalsgarbageatmosphereenvironment5. The snow had ______（融化）, but the lake was still frozen
solid.
6. The ________（污染） had destroyed ozone layer and
caused many changes in weather.
7. They ______（重新利用） empty tins so as to use the metal.
8. We are very much _________（担心的） that he may fail.
9. Can you show me any ________（证据） for your
statement?
10. There is an_______（紧急的） need for food and water. meltedpollutionrecycleconcernedevidence urgent11. I shouldn’t_________（抱怨）; I’ve got a good job to go
back to.
12. Your answer is _________（完全地） wrong.
13. A healthy diet should provide _________（保护） against
disease.
14. The historical article sketched the ______（主要的）
events of the decade. complainabsolutelyprotectionmajorⅡ. 短语互译
1. have a bad effect on _______________
2. take in _____
3. give out ___________
4. in a nutshell _________________
5. try one’s best ___________
6. 照顾，保护 _________
7. 更优于；更擅长 __________
8. 运走；带走 _________
9. 浏览；翻阅；仔细检查 ____________
10. 做某事有困难 _________________________对……有坏影响吸收放出；发出简言之；概括地讲尽最大努力look afterbe better attake awaylook throughhave difficulty (in) doing sth.Ⅲ．完成句子
1. 我非常同意你的观点。
___________________________. （not/never＋比较级表示最
高级）
2. 然后将垃圾运走；倘若可能的话，予以回收利用。
The garbage is then taken away and，_________，recycled.
（if省略句式）
3. “绿色” 运动极力使各国政府认真考虑环境问题，并考虑
如何保护环境。
The “Green” movement tries to ______________________
_____________the environment and how to look after it.
（get sb. /sth. to do sth. ） I couldn’t agree with you moreif possibleget governments to thinkseriously about1. concerned adj. 关心的；担心的；有关的；参与的
【语境领悟】
①We’re rather concerned about father’s health.
我们相当担心父亲的健康。
②Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much. 参与此事的人对此都深感后悔。【归纳拓展】
(1)be concerned with/in 与……有关；与……有关系
be concerned about/for 关心；挂念
as/so far as. . . be concerned 就……而言/来说
(2)concern n．担心，忧虑；［C］关切的事
vt. 涉及，对……有关系；使关心，挂念；使担忧③The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa.
该集团已对有关非洲政治暴力的报道表示担忧。
④This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.
这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。
⑤As far as I’m concerned, it doesn’t matter what happens to him.
就我个人而言，我是不在乎他会发生什么事的。【即学活用】完成句子。
①总统对这个问题深感担忧。
The President is deeply _______________this issue.
②依我之见，这个想法真是荒诞至极。
_____________________，the idea is crazy.
③她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。
Her latest documentary _______________youth unemployment. concerned aboutAs far as I’m concernedis concerned with2. urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的
【语境领悟】
①The matter can wait until the next meeting; it’s not urgent. 这件事可以等到下次会议处理，不是急事。
②It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。【归纳拓展】
(1) It is urgent that. . . (should＋) 动词原形
(2) urge vt. 催促，力劝；推进，激励
urge sb. to do sth. ＝ urge sb. into doing sth. 敦促某人做……
③She opened the door wide and urged me in.
她打开门催我进去。
④We urged her to reconsider the offer, but she refused.
我们竭力地催促她再一次地考虑这个提议，但她拒绝了。【即学活用】完成句子。
①不是急事——我们可以下星期做或其他时候做。
It’s _________—we can do it next week or whenever.
②急需将救援物品送往地震灾区。
__________that relief (should) be sent to the earthquake-hit
areas. not urgentIt is urgent③The doctor ______an X-ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.
A．urged me to have B．urged me having
C．urged against D．urged on me
【解析】选A。由句意可知，此处指 “敦促” 我去进行X光检查(urge sb. to do sth. )，故选A。B项应为urged me into having, C、D两项不合题意。3. complain vi. 抱怨；发牢骚
【语境领悟】
①The couple complained about the high cost of visiting Europe.
这对夫妇抱怨游览欧洲的高昂费用。
②He complains that his job gives him no satisfaction.
他抱怨他的工作不令他满意。【归纳拓展】
(1)complain to sb. of/about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
complain that. . . 抱怨……
(2)complaint n．抱怨，牢骚，投诉
③You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。【即学活用】 完成句子。
①我向警方控诉邻居家的狗。
I __________ to the police _____ my neighbor’s dog.
②我向旅馆经理抱怨说房间太潮湿。
I _____________the hotel manager _____ the room was too damp. complainedaboutcomplained to that 4. have a bad effect on/upon. . . 对……有坏影响
【语境领悟】
①Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
通货膨胀正给经济带来灾难性的影响。
②Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.
含酒精的饮料对你的身体会有很坏的影响。【归纳拓展】
in effect 实际上，事实上
take effect 生效，起作用
bring/put/carry. . . into effect 实行；使生效
come/go into effect 开始生效；开始实施
③In effect，we’ll be earning less than we were last year.
实际上，我们挣钱会比去年少。
④The medicine quickly took effect.
药很快见效了。
⑤The measures go into effect on Saturday.
这些措施从星期六开始生效。【即学活用】用effect的短语填空。
①The new system will soon _________________.
②Our warning did not have much _____ on him.
③Tourism of our city has a bad ______on the wildlife.
A. affect B. effect C. afford D. effort
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我们城市的旅游业对野
生动植物有不好的影响。have a bad effect on对……有坏影
响，故选B。come/go into effecteffect5. take in吸收；包括；理解；欺骗
【语境领悟】
①Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
鱼用鳃吸取氧气。
②The study of physics takes in many different subjects．
物理学的研究包含了很多不同的科目。
③This book is so difficult；I can’t take in what the author means．
这本书很难，我无法理解作者的意思。
④He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico．
他一定是用他在墨西哥的经历来欺骗我们。【归纳拓展】
take away 拿走；使离开
take down 记下来；拆掉
take on 呈现；雇用
take over 接收，接管，取代
take up 占去，占据；开始；从事
⑤She took down the speech in shorthand．
她用速记法把演讲记了下来。
⑥I must get rid of this large table; it takes up too much room．
我得把这个大桌子拿走，它太占地方。【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
①Don’t let yourself be taken __ by his tricks.
②Who will take ____ the company when you retire?
③Please speak slowly so that I can take _____ your name and
address.
④The city has taken ___ a new look. inoverdownon⑤I tried my best to explain the matter to him，but he still couldn’t ______what I was saying．
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：我尽最大努力向他解释这件事，但他仍然不能理解我在说什么。take in吸收，理解，欺骗；take off起飞，脱衣服，摆脱，成名；take on雇用，呈现；take out拿出，去掉。根据句意可知A项正确。 6. give out 放出；发出
【语境领悟】
①The sun gives out light and heat to the earth．
太阳给大地以光和热。
②Give out the papers ten minutes before the examination．
考前10分钟发试卷。
③We had just reached home when the petrol gave out．
我们刚好到家，汽油用光了。【名师点津】表示 “用光，用尽” 时: give out，run out是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语；use up，run out of是及物动词短语，可接宾语。例如：The car ran out of/used up petrol after ten miles．这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。【归纳拓展】
give in 让步；投降；上交
give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
give up 投降；放弃
④The enemy were forced to give in.
敌人被迫投降。
⑤I did want a holiday abroad，but I’ve given up the idea．
我确实想出国度假，但已放弃了这个想法。【巧学助记】 give out含义面面观【即学活用】请写出下列有关give词组的意思。
①I saw a man giving out handbills in the street. （ ）
②After a month their food supplies gave out. （ ）
③The radio is giving out a strange signal. （ ）
④She’s not giving away anything he told her．（ ）分发用完，耗尽发出声音泄露⑤The news of the major’s coming to our school for a visit was______ on the radio yesterday.
A．turned out B．found out
C．given out D．carried out
【解析】选C。句意：市长要来我们学校参观的消息昨天在收音机上公布了。give out发布，公布；turn out结果是；find out找出，查明，发现；carry out执行，实施。根据句意可知选C。7. in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲
【语境领悟】
①Just give me the facts in a nutshell.
只要简要地告诉我事实。
②There is a lot I could say about the lecture, but in a nutshell, it is bad.
我对这个演讲有很多的评论，但用一句话概括就是：它糟透了。【归纳拓展】
in a/one word 简言之，总之，一句话
in short 总之，简单地说，总而言之
on the whole 总的看来，总体而言
in brief/ to be brief 简言之
all in all 总的说来；总之
in conclusion 总之；最后
③In conclusion，I would like to thank you for your coming to the meeting.
最后，我对各位出席这次会议表示感谢。
④In short，he is a promising young man and has a bright future．
总之，他是一个有希望、有前途的青年。【即学活用】
______， I’m coming tonight only to inform you of the date of the meeting.
A．As a result B．In case
C．In a nutshell D．In all
【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意：简言之，我今晚来就是为了通知你会议的日期。as a result因此；in case以防； in a nutshell简言之；in all 总共。根据句意选C。8. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 在做……方面有困难
【语境领悟】
①I have much difficulty (in) solving the problem.
在解决这个问题上，我有很大的困难。
②The difficulty we had in finding his house is that we didn’t know the way.
找到他家的麻烦就是我们不知道去他家的路。【归纳拓展】
(1)have some/great/no/little difficulty (trouble) in doing sth. / with sth. 做某事有/有很大/没有/几乎没有困难
(2)There is some difficulty (trouble) in doing sth. / with sth. 在某事上有困难
(3)with difficulty困难地；艰难地
without difficulty轻而易举地【即学活用】完成句子。
①你英语上有困难吗？
Do you ________________with English?
②那位年轻的老师很难让孩子们听话。
The young teacher ______________controlling the children. have any difficultyhad difficulty in③He had great difficulty ______a visa to leave the country.
A. to get B. in getting
C. to getting D. with getting
【解析】选B。句意：他申请出国签证费了很大的劲。have great difficulty in doing sth. 做某事很困难。9. I couldn’t agree with you more. 我非常同意你的观点。
【句式分析】
本句是比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的意思，意为 “非常……；再没有比……更……的了” 。
①I couldn’t have found a better restaurant.
那是我找到的最好的一家餐馆了。
②What a wonderful novel！I have never read a more moving one. 多么好的一部小说呀！我从来没有读过比这部更感人的小说。
③You couldn’t have bought me a better present.
你不可能为我买到一份比这更好的礼物了。【归纳拓展】
can’t/couldn’t . . . ＋ too＋adj. /adv.
无论……都不为过
can’t/couldn’t. . . ＋adj. /adv. ＋enough
无论……都不为过/都不过分
④You can’t be careful enough when driving.
你开车时怎样小心都不为过。
⑤You cannot praise him too much.
你再怎样称赞他都不过分。 【即学活用】
Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a ______boss.
A．better B．good C．best D．still better
【解析】选A。考查比较级用法。句意：Stevenson先生是一个不错的老板——我真的找不到一个比他还好的老板了。 “can’t/couldn’t. . . ＋比较级” 表示最高级含义。根据前半句 “Mr. Stevenson is great to work for” 可知，表示在我看来他是最好的。10. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it.
“绿色” 运动极力使各国政府认真考虑环境问题，并考虑如何保护环境。
【句式分析】
句中的get 为使役动词，后接不定式的复合结构。get sb. to do sth. ，表示 “使某人做某事” ，与have/let/make sb. do sth. 表达的意思相同，但get 后必须接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，而have，let，make 后接动词原形。①You must get them to come over here.
你必须设法让他们到这儿来。
②We must get our teacher to join us in the party.
我们一定要请我们的老师来参加晚会。【归纳拓展】
get的常用结构有：
get＋宾语＋adj. 使……成为(某种状态)
get＋宾语＋to do sth. 让/使……做……
get＋宾语＋done 使……被……
get＋宾语＋doing sth. 使……开始某动作③From here on, it can only get better.
从现在开始，情况只会变得更好。
④You must get the work finished ahead of time.
你们必须提前完成这项工作。
⑤We got chatting and discovered that we’d been at college together.
我们聊起天来才发现我们原来在大学是同学。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他无法发动车子，所以就乘公共汽车去。
He couldn’t ________________and went by bus.
②演讲马上使我们思考起来。
The lecture soon _____________.
③男孩子们渐渐变得厌烦起来。
The boys were ____________.
④他的手指被门给夹住了。
He got his fingers ________the door. get the car to startgot us thinkinggetting boredcaught in⑤My daughter often makes a schedule to get herself of______ what she is to do in a day.
A．remind B．to remind
C．reminded D．reminding
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我女儿经常制订一个时间表来提醒自己一天内要做什么。herself 与remind之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。1. atmosphere n. 大气；大气层；气氛；氛围
【语境领悟】
①We should create a colorful classroom atmosphere for students.
我们应该为学生创造多姿多彩的教室氛围。
②The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.
晚餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。
③As the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased, the Earth became a place fit for plants to develop.
由于大气层中氧含量的增加, 地球变成了适合植物生长的地方。【即学活用】
The teacher likes to create a(n) ______ in which the students can learn easily.
A. atmosphere B. message
C. care D. energy
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意：这位老师喜欢创造一种能让学生们轻松学习的氛围。atmosphere大气，大气层，氛围，气氛；message信息；care关心；energy精力，能源。根据句意可知选A。2. absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地；［口］当然，对极了
【语境领悟】
①You’re absolutely right. 你完全正确。
②It’s absolutely impossible. 这是绝对不可能的。
③—Don’t you agree? ——你同意吧？
—Oh, absolutely!——噢， 当然！
④—Do you let your kids go out alone at night?
——你让你的孩子晚上单独外出吗？
—Absolutely not!——当然不！【即学活用】
It is a fact that the world around us is ______ changing.
A．absolutely B．constantly
C．definitely D．immediately
【解析】选B。句意：事实上我们周围的世界在不断地变化。absolutely绝对地；constantly不断地；definitely明确地；immediately 立即。根据句意选B。3. protection n. 保护
【语境领悟】
①He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
他终生献身于珍稀动物的保护。
②Some of the plants need protection against the weather.
植物中有的需要保护以防气候的变化。
③They took action under the protection of the police.
他们在警方的保护下采取了行动。【归纳拓展】
(1)under the protection of. . . 在……的保护下
(2)protect v．保护
protect. . . from/against. . . 使……免受……
④A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.
一件薄薄的羊毛长大衣和一条紫色头巾为她挡风。【即学活用】完成句子。
①她的外套使她免受雨淋之苦。
Her coat gave her ______________the rain.
②尽量保护皮肤不受太阳晒。
Try to ___________________________the sun. protection fromprotect your skin from/against③The white blood cells protect the body______ disease germs.
A．from attacking
B．from being attacked
C．from being attacked by
D．attacked by
【解析】选C。句意：白细胞保护身体免受病菌的伤害。protect sb. from (doing) sth. 保护……使免受伤害。根据句子结构知the body和attack之间是动宾关系，故选C项。4. look through 浏览；仔细查看
【语境领悟】
①I usually look through newspapers after supper．
晚饭后我常常浏览一下报纸。
②I looked through my drawer， but I could not find my keys．
我仔细查找过抽屉，但是找不到钥匙。【归纳拓展】
look for 寻找
look after 照顾；照看
look into 往里看；调查
look out 当心
look up 查阅；抬头看
look forward to 期盼
look down on 轻视，看不起【即学活用】用look相关短语完成句子。
①我们不应该轻视体力劳动。
We should not ____________manual labor.
②他们在期待着她的来访。
They are _________________her visit.
③已成立工作组调查该问题。
A working party has been set up to ________the problem.
④开会前，你必须把那些报告看一遍。
You have to ____________those reports before you attend the
meeting．look down onlooking forward tolook intolook through5. The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.
然后将垃圾运走；倘若可能的话，予以回收利用。
【句式分析】
句中的if possible意为 “如果可能的话” ，是一个省略的从句，其完整形式为：if it is possible。在if, when, while, once, whether, unless等引导的从句中如果含有be动词的某种形式，从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。①If possible，I will do everything to help you.
如果可能的话，我将尽力帮助你。
②He was knocked down while (he was) crossing the street.
过马路时他被撞倒了。【归纳拓展】
if so 如果是这样
if not 否则的话
if any 如果有的话（也不多）
if ever 如果有过的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
③I’ll go if you are going. If not，I’d rather stay at home.
你去我就去，否则我宁愿待在家里。
④There are few books, if any.
即使有书，也很少。【即学活用】 完成句子。
①如果有的话，我们图书馆的小说也不多。
There are not many novels in our library，_____.
②你说乔治是诚实的。如果是这样，那么是我看错了他，我
很抱歉。
You said George was honest. ____，I had misjudged him，and
I feel sorry.
③如果必要的话，公共汽车会改变方向。
The bus will change its direction, __________. if anyIf soif necessaryⅠ. 单项填空
1. Some false advertisements are taking the old as their targets, because they are easy to______ .
A．take in B．take on
C．take over D．take up
【解析】选A。考查动词词组。句意：有些假广告把老人作为目标，这是因为他们容易上当。take in 欺骗；take on 呈现，雇用；take over接管；take up占据，从事。【变式训练】
①He didn’t ______ what I read because his mind was on something else.
A．hold on B．catch on
C．take in D．get over
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。句意：他没有理解我所读的东西，因为他在想别的事情。take in此处意为 “理解” ，符合题意。hold on不挂断(电话)；catch on明白，为不及物动词；get over克服。②I was really ______ by what she said. It seemed so believable.
A．taken off B．taken out
C．taken away D．taken in
【解析】选D。take off脱下，起飞；take out拿出；take away拿走；take in接纳，欺骗。根据句意应选D项，表示 “我真的被她的话欺骗了” 。2. （2013·重庆高一检测）All the people ______ the safety of the baby trapped in the ruins.
A．are concerned on B．are concerned at
C．are concerned in D．are concerned about
【解析】选D。句意：所有人都很担心困在废墟中的婴儿的安全。be concerned about. . . “为……感到担忧” ，为固定搭配。【变式训练】
Though working outside, he is always ______ about his aging mother at home.
A．satisfied B．concerned
C．pleased D．excited
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：他虽然在外工作，心里却一直挂念着家中的老母亲。be concerned about此处意为 “对……关心/挂念” ，符合题意。be satisfied with对……满意；be pleased about对……感到高兴/满意；be excited about对……感到兴奋。3. （2013·温州高一检测）—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes，I’ve never been to ______ one before.
A．a more excited B．the most excited
C．a more exciting D．the most exciting
【解析】选C。考查比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的含义。句意：——你在聚会上玩得高兴吗？——很高兴，我以前从没有去过更让人激动的舞会。a more exciting one (party) 一个更让人激动的舞会，a 表示泛指。【变式训练】
—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
—Thank you. ______ .
A．It couldn’t be better B．Of course you can
C．If you like D．It’s up to you
【解析】选A。句意：——你住得这么远，让我来开车送你吧。——谢谢。那再好不过了。It couldn’t be better. 意为 “再好不过了” ，符合语境。4. Before you answer these questions, you’d better ______ them first.
A．look after B．look into
C．look through D．look up
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。句意：在你回答这些问题之前，你最好先浏览一下。look through浏览，符合题意。look after照看；look into调查；look up查阅。5. The ______ report was completed in less than one day—six hours, to be more exact.
A．latest B．urgent
C．scary D．unfortunate
【解析】选B。考查形容词。句意：这篇紧急报告在不到一天的时间里，更确切地说，只花了6个小时就完成了。urgent意为 “紧急的” ，符合题意。latest最新的；scary恐怖的；unfortunate不幸的。6. ______ ， nothing could make him change his mind.
A．In a brief B．In a short
C．In word D．In a nutshell
【解析】选D。考查介词词组。句意：总之，什么都不能使他改变主意。四个选项中只有D项是正确形式，意为 “总之” ；A、B两项应去掉a；C项应在word前加a或one。7. The doctor thought the medicine was perfect, but it didn’t ______ the disease at all.
A．work out B．solve
C．do D．have an effect on
【解析】选D。考查动词词组。句意：医生认为这种药疗效很棒，但它对这种疾病一点也不起作用。work out解出，解决；solve解决；do做，可以，行；have an effect on对……有影响，对……起作用。根据句意应选D项，表示 “对这病根本不起作用” 。8. The young teacher treated the naughty boy kindly, but her patience ______ at last.
A．used up B．went down
C．got in D．gave out
【解析】选D。考查动词词组。句意：这位年轻老师对这个淘气的男孩很友好，但她最终失去了耐心。use up意为 “用完，耗尽” 时，相当于及物动词；go down下降；get in收获；give out用完，为不及物动词短语，此处指 “最终失去了耐心” 。9. Some of you may have finished Unit One. ______ ， you can go on with Unit Two.
A．If you may B．If you do
C．If not D．If so
【解析】选D。句意：你们当中可能有些人已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，你们可以继续去做第二单元。so代替前句表示的肯定情况，而not代替前句表示的否定情况。【变式训练】
—Have you been to the Great Wall?
—Perhaps not in my memory. ______ ， it might have been during my early childhood.
A．If any B．If ever
C．If once D．If not
【解析】选B。句意：——你去过长城吗？——我不记得去过。假如曾经去过的话，也是在我很小的时候。if any如果有（也不多）；if ever如果曾经……过；if not如果不。10. Some glasses got ______ when we were moving.
A. broken B. break
C. breaking D. to break
【解析】选A。考查get的用法。句意：在我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打破了。break与glasses之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken，因此选A。Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 这事件给我带来好的影响。
The event __________________me.
2. 我发现很容易就能明白老师讲的内容。
I found it easy to ______what the teacher had taught.
3. 玫瑰花发出芬芳的气息。
Roses _______a sweet smell．
4. 我将尽最大努力查清楚。
I’ll __________to find out.
5. 她出差时我将照看她的孩子。
I will _________her child when she is on a business trip. had a good effect ontake ingive outtry my bestlook after6. 穷困的父母不得不让儿子辍学。
The poor parents had to ____ their son _____ from school.
7. 她担心你的安全。
She _________________your safety.
8. 交试卷之前你必须仔细检查一下。
You should ____________your paper before handing it in.
9. 我不易记住人名。
I ________________remembering names.
10. 他很快穿好衣服出去了。
Soon he __________and went out. takeawayis concerned aboutlook throughhave difficulty (in)got dressed写环保类英语作文
【互动导学】
◎学生：环保类英语作文属于哪种体裁？
◎老师：属于夹叙夹议类。
◎学生：这类作文通常包含哪些内容？
◎老师：环境问题的现状及其产生的原因；对人们生活的影响；采取哪些合理措施。
◎学生：通常使用哪种时态？
◎老师：主要用一般过去时和一般现在时。【典题示例】
假设你是山东某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对山东北部遭受沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。
1．过去家乡树木成林；
2．如今人们毁林种地建房；
3．气候变化，土地荒漠化；
4．植树造林，人人有责。
注意：1. 词数为120个左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Editor，
I’m a student at a middle school of Shandong. __________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua【审题谋篇】夹叙夹议环保类一般过去时和一般现在时第三人称【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
①表达我的意见 _______________
②过去 _______
③由于，因为 _____________________
④为了 ________________
⑤砍伐 ________
⑥侵袭 _____
⑦爱护 ___________________________
⑧改善 ________express my viewsused tobecause of/as a result ofin order to/so as tocut downstriketake care of/look after carefullyimprove2. 句式转换：
①我写信是为了就我家乡的环境问题表达我的观点。
I’m writing to express my views _________________________
in my hometown.
I’m writing to express my views ________________________in
my hometown.
②然而，由于气候的变化，现在下雨少了。
However，_______________________，it rains little now.
However，_________________________，it rains little now.
③随着时间的推移，森林遭受了严重破坏。
______________，the forests were seriously destroyed.
_________________，the forests were seriously destroyed. concerning the environmentin terms of the environmentbecause of climate changesas a result of climate changesAs time went onWith time going on【妙笔成篇】
Dear Editor，
I’m a student at a middle school of Shandong. I’m writing to express my views concerning the environment in my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere. However，because of climate changes，it rains little now. In order to build houses and grow more crops，people there cut down more and more trees. As time went on，the forests were seriously destroyed. As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then，from which people suffered a lot. To prevent the process of desertification, I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down. Then our living conditions will soon be improved.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua 课件81张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
（1） _____ (adj. )大量的；大规模的
（2） _________ (n. )战役；活动
（3） _______ (n. )进程；过程
（4） ______ (n. )公民；市民
（5） ____ (n. )沙尘；灰尘
（6） _____ (n. )面罩masscampaignprocesscitizendustmask2. 形意记忆。
（1）storm (n. )暴风雨→__________(n. )沙尘暴
（2）__________ (adj. )吓人的；可怕的→_________(adj. )
害怕的；受惊吓的→frighten (v. )使惊吓；吓唬
（3）desert (n. )沙漠→_____________(n. ) (土地的)沙漠化
（4）_______(vt. )预报；预告→forecaster (n. )预报员
（5）strong (adj. )强壮的→________(n. )力气；力量→
__________(v. )加强；巩固
（6）_____(vi. )骑自行车→cyclist (n. )骑自行车的人sandstormfrighteningfrighteneddesertificationforecaststrengthstrengthencycleⅡ. 短语互译
1. cut down _____
2. dig up ___________
3. be caught in ________________
4. as a result of _____
5. 认识到，意识到 __________
6. 阻止某人做某事 _________________________
7. 一个接一个地 _______________
8. 清除；除掉 ___________砍倒挖掘；找出突然遭遇(风暴等)由于wake up toprevent sb. (from) doing sth.one after anothersweep awayⅢ．完成句子
1. 沙尘暴常常很浓密，以致遮住了太阳，有时风力大得足以
移动沙丘。
They are often ___________you cannot see the sun, and the
wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. （so＋
adj. /adv. ＋that结果状语从句）
2. 近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。
Sandstorms in China ______________________in recent years
as a result of “desertification” ．（appear +动词不定式结构）so thick thatappear to have increased3. 沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，并且由于浓浓的尘埃使能见度
变低，使得交通变得非常缓慢。
The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very
slowly because the thick dust ____________________.
（make＋it＋adj. /n. ＋to do. . . ）
4. 为了阻止它（沙漠）的逼近，政府已经开始植树。
_________________________, the government is planting trees.
（不定式作状语）makes it difficult to seeTo prevent it coming nearerⅣ．语篇理解
1. Choose the best answer according to the passage.
（1）When sandstorms happen, what will you wear if you go
out? （ ）
A. A hat. B. A coat. C. A mask. D. A tie.
（2）How many kilometres is the desert away to the west of
Beijing? ( )
A. 350. B. 250. C. 150. D. 200. CB(3)Which statement is WRONG? ( )
A. People sometimes can’t forecast the strength of a storm.
B. The government plans to continue planting trees for the
next ten years.
C. Northwest China is part of the sandstorm center in Central
Asia.
D. Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.
(4)According to the text, we can learn that sandstorms ___. ( )
A. cause people to buy more masks
B. are difficult to deal with
C. are not dangerous but frightening
D. will disappear within five yearsBB2. Fill in the blanks according to the passage. strong, drysand dunesNorth Americadesert areasclimatechangesorangeBeijingmass campaign30 billionfive【读而后思】
What measures should we take to prevent desertification?
______________________________________________
__________________________________Planting more trees and grass; stopping overgrazing;cooperating with other countries, etc. .1. frightening adj. 吓人的；可怕的
【语境领悟】
①I number that crash among the most frightening experiences of my life.
我认为那次事故是我一生中最可怕的遭遇。
②I kept having frightening dreams all night.
整个晚上我不断地做噩梦。 【归纳拓展】
(1)frighten vt. (使)惊恐
frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
frighten sb. out of doing sth. 使某人不敢做某事
(2)frightened adj. 感到恐惧的；害怕的
be frightened at/of 害怕……；对……感到恐惧
be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事③He frightened his son out of drinking.
他使儿子吓得不敢喝酒。
④She was frightened to see a figure in the dark.
她在黑暗中看到人影，心里害怕。【名师点津】frightening意为 “令人恐惧的；可怕的” ，一般用于指事物，在句中作定语或表语；frightened意为 “受惊的，害怕的” ，一般用于指人，在句中作定语或表语。
⑤The news is quite frightening. 这消息令人恐惧。
⑥She was frightened at the thought of the examination. 想到考试她就害怕。【即学活用】用frighten的适当形式填空。
①He was__________ at the sound.
②What can we do to make the experience less __________?
③He knew that Soli was trying to________ him, so he smiled
to hide his fear. frightenedfrightening frighten2. mass adj. 大量的；大规模的
【语境领悟】
①Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
②The police considered it as a mass murder.
警方认为这是一次大规模的谋杀。【归纳拓展】
masses of/a mass of 大量；许多
the mass of 大多数；大部分
the masses 群众；平民
③There is a mass of stones in the yard.
院子里有许多石头。
④The Second World War involved the mass of the population. 第二次世界大战殃及许多无辜的人。
⑤The masses have boundless creativity.
群众有无限的创造力。 【名师点津】
a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词的数保持一致。
⑥On his desk is a mass of books and papers.
在他书桌上有大堆的书和文件。 【想一想】
我们还学过一些表示 “许多” 的短语，根据其后所修饰的名词可分为以下三种情况：①既能修饰可数名词也能修饰不可数名词②修饰可数名词③修饰不可数名词。你能给它们分类吗？【参考答案】
plenty of
quantities of=a quantity of
masses of = a mass of
lots of＝a lot of
numbers of=a number of
a good/great many
quite a few
a great deal of
an amount of
quite a little+可数或不可数名词+可数名词复数+不可数名词【即学活用】
I got ______ things to deal with in the morning，so I wasn’t able to go to the flower exhibition.
A．a great deal of B．a large amount of
C．masses of D．a great many of
【解析】选C。masses of things成堆的事，大量的事。a great deal of/a large amount of后接不可数名词；a great many of后接 “限定词＋复数名词” ，如a great many of the students；修饰可数名词复数时用a great many。故答案为C项。3. strength n. 力量; 力气；长处
【语境领悟】
①She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles.
她总是被鼓励去游泳以增强肌肉力量。
②Take into account your own strengths and weaknesses.
考虑一下你自己的长处和短处。【名师点津】（1）strength表示 “优势” 时，其反义词是weakness。
（2）strength的动词是在其后加后缀-en，即strengthen。我们已学过的加后缀-en的词有shorten, widen, deepen, lengthen等。 【归纳拓展】
(1)have the strength to do 有做……的力气/意志力
build up one’s strength 增强体力
with all one’s strength 尽全力
(2)strengthen v. 加强
strong adj. 强壮的
③The enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks.
和谈期间，敌人力量已大为增强。【易混辨析】④The police took the thief to the police station by force. 警察强行把小偷带到了警察局。
⑤Electricity gives us power and makes machines work. 电给我们提供能量，促使机器运转。
⑥He has so much energy that he can work as hard as three men.
他的精力很充沛，以至于工作起来相当于三个人。【即学活用】选词填空(strength/force/power/energy)。
①The solar cell can turn the ______ of sunlight into electric
energy.
②If you drop something，the _____ of gravity will pull it to the
floor.
③I don’t have the________ to climb any further.
④He has lost the______ of walking. energyforce strength power⑤（2012·福建高考）—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ______. So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: ——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。strength长处; talent才华, 天赋; ability能力; skill技能。故选A。4. cut down砍倒；缩减；降价
【语境领悟】
①Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses．路旁的许多大树都被砍掉建房了。
②This factory’s production has been cut down．
这家工厂的产量减少了。
③In the end，I cut the dealer down by another＄5.
最后我使商贩把价格又降低了5美元。【归纳拓展】
cut in 插嘴，打断
cut off 切断，阻断，隔绝
cut out 剪除，切掉，删除
cut up 切碎④She always cuts in when other people are talking．
别人谈话时她总要插嘴。
⑤The motor was cut off as soon as something seemed to be wrong with it．
一旦发现发动机似乎有点毛病，就立即把它关掉。
⑥She cut out the photograph from the newspaper．
她从报纸上把照片剪了下来。
⑦The cook was cutting up the meat for making jiaozi．
厨师正在切肉包饺子。【即学活用】根据句意用合适的副词或介词填空。
①他把树砍倒，又把它劈成烧火用的木柴。
He cut _____ the tree and cut it ___ for firewood.
②村庄被大雪阻隔。
The village was cut ___ by the heavy snow.
③我们正在看电视，播音员打断了节目，插播了一条最新消
息。
While we were watching TV，an announcer cut___ to tell us a
piece of latest news.
④医生建议他少喝酒。
The doctor advised him to cut _____ on drinking. downupoff indown⑤（2013·陕西高考）My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has______.
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我叔叔一直没能把烟戒掉，但是至少他抽烟少了。cut out停止运转，删去；cut down砍倒，缩减；cut up切碎；cut off切断，切除。根据句意，应选B。 5. be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)；被困于
【语境领悟】
①He was caught in a heavy traffic after work.
下班后他遇到了严重的交通堵塞。
②I was caught in a heavy rain on the way to work.
在去上班的路上，我遇到了大雨。【归纳拓展】
be/get caught up in 热衷于……，着迷于……；牵连，卷入
catch sb. doing sth. 发现/撞见某人正做某事
be caught doing sth. 被撞见做某事
③I caught the boy stealing fruit from our orchard.
我撞见那个男孩在偷我们果园里的水果。【即学活用】
______in a heavy snow，he didn’t get there in time.
A．Catch B．Catching C．Caught D．To catch
【解析】选C。句意：由于遭遇大雪，他没有及时到达那里。主语he和catch之间是动宾关系，故此处用过去分词短语作状语。6. prevent sb. / sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
【语境领悟】
①He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs. 他说这将阻止各公司创造新的职位。
②Something must have prevented her (from) coming.
一定有什么事使她不能来。【归纳拓展】
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
③They try to keep their children from swimming.
他们试图阻止孩子们去游泳。阻止某人做某事【名师点津】主动句中prevent/stop. . . from. . . 中的 from 可省略，在被动句中from 不可省略，而keep. . . from中的from无论在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。
④The heavy rain prevented/stopped us (from) going out.
＝We were prevented/stopped/kept from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们不能出去。【即学活用】
We were ______ by heavy fog from seeing anything.
A．rescued B．protected C．prevented D．escaped
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：浓雾使我们看不到任何东西。四个选项都可与from连用。rescue. . . from. . . 意为 “把……从……解救出来” ；protect. . . from. . . 意为 “保护……免受……” ；prevent. . . from. . . 意为 “阻止……做某事” ；escape from意为 “逃离；逃脱” ，不用于被动语态。根据句意选C。7. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification” ．
近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。
【句式分析】
本句中appear to have done为不定式的完成式，表示一个更早的动作，发生在主要动词所表示的动作之前。其中appear意为 “似乎，好像” 。
①From her look, she appears to have known the truth.
从她的表情看，她好像已经知道了真相。【归纳拓展】
appear用作系动词，意为 “似乎，显得，好像” ，常见用法：
appear ＋n. /adj.
appear to do/to be doing/to have done 似乎要做/正在做/已经做过某事
it appears (to sb. ) that. . . 某人觉得……
there appears to be 似乎有……
②These stars appear to move around the North Star.
这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。
③It appears to me that you are all mistaken.
我觉得你们全错了。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他显得很老。
He appears _______.
②他似乎感冒了。
He appears to ________________.
③我觉得有点不对。
__________________something is wrong. very oldhave caught a coldIt appears to me that8. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，并且由于浓浓的尘埃使能见度变低，使得交通变得非常缓慢。
【句式分析】
句中makes it difficult to see中的make是使役动词，意为 “使（某人或某物处于某状态中）” ，其中it为形式宾语，difficult为宾语补足语，不定式短语to see为真正的宾语，其结构为：make it ＋adj. / n．(for sb. ) to do. . . 。①The heavy snow made it impossible for them to get there on time. 这场大雪使得他们不可能按时到达那儿。
②He makes it a rule to recite a poem every morning.
他把每天早晨背诵一首诗作为一个习惯。【归纳拓展】
it作形式宾语的情况还用在下面句式中：feel/ think/ believe/ find/ consider＋ it＋adj. /n. ＋(for sb. ) to do / that. . .
③I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without a good memory.
我认为没有好的记忆力，掌握一门外语是不可能的。【即学活用】
The fact that she was foreign made ______difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A．so B．much C．that D．it
【解析】选D。考查it的用法。句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it作形式宾语，其他选项中的词没有这种用法。1. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
它们常常很浓密，以致遮住了太阳，有时风力大得足以移动沙丘。
【句式分析】
（1）本句中的so. . . that. . . 意为 “如此……以致……” 。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that引导结果状语从句。
①He got up so early that he was the first to get to school. 他起床很早，结果第一个到达学校。
②There were so many people there that I wasn’t able to pick her out. 那儿有很多人，我没能认出她来。【归纳拓展】
a. so＋adj. /adv. ＋that 从句
so＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/few/much/little＋可数名词复数或不可数名词＋that从句
b. such＋a/an＋adj. ＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such＋adj. ＋不可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj. ＋可数名词复数＋that 从句【名师点津】（1）so和such放到句首时，主句要部分倒装。
（2）当little 表示 “小” 而不表示 “少” 时，必须用such，如such a little boy/such little boys；而当little 表示 “少” 而不表示 “小” 时，用so, 如so little water。
③So excited was he that he could not speak.
他如此兴奋，以致说不出话来。(2)句中的strong enough to move sand dunes 属于 “adj. /adv. ＋enough＋to do” 结构。此处enough作副词；enough作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词前后均可，构成 “enough＋n. ＋to do” 或 “n. ＋enough＋to do” 。
④He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train.
他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。
⑤This plastic bag is not big enough to hold so many things.
这个塑料袋不够大，装不下这么多东西。
⑥We have enough time/Time enough to read the reference books. 我们有足够的时间来阅读这些参考书。【即学活用】句式仿写。
①雨下得太大，我们不能回家。
____________________________________________
②这个女孩如此可爱，以致大家都喜欢她。
_____________________________________It rained so heavily that we couldn’t go back home.The girl is so lovely that everyone likes her.③ ______to go to school must have their rights to get education in our country.
A．Old enough children B．Children old enough
C．Enough old children D．Children enough old
【解析】选B。句意：在我国，到了上学年龄的孩子必须有权利接受教育。old enough在这里作定语修饰children，故答案为B项。2. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.
那是我所遇到的最可怕、最危险的情况。
【句式分析】
(1)本句是一个复合句，其中I’ve ever been in是限制性定语从句，修饰situation。此定语从句中省略了关系代词that。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，常用关系代词that。
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最有趣的书。【即学活用】
The film makes me think of the happiest days______ we spent together.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。定语从句中spent缺少宾语，故用关系代词。when，where为关系副词，可排除；先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以定语从句用that引导。 Ⅰ. 根据所给汉语意思或首字母拼写单词
1. Before the rain, there was a m___ of clouds.
2. He threw it forward with all his s_______.
3. She married an American man and became a U. S. c_____.
4. I read a f_________ story which took place in a haunted
(闹鬼的) house.
5. Hurricane has been f_______ for tomorrow afternoon. asstrengthitizenrighteningorecast6. I am unable to c____ to school because my bicycle is broken.
7. During his election _________(活动) he promised to put the
economy back on its feet.
8. Producing a dictionary is a slow _______(过程).
9. A __________(沙尘暴) kicked up while we drove through the
desert.
10. A third of Africa is under threat of _____________(沙漠化). yclecampaignprocesssandstormdesertificationⅡ. 完成句子
1. 你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。
You smoke too much—you should try to ________.
2. 上个月这里挖出了一座古希腊雕像。
An old Greek statue was ______here last month．
3. 我们遇上了暴风雨，全身都被浇透了。
We _____________the storm and got drenched.
4. 久病使她的心脏略微受到损伤。
Her heart was slightly damaged ___________her long illness. cut downdug upwere caught inas a result of5. 他还没意识到情况的严重性。
He hasn’t yet ___________the seriousness of the situation.
6. 进一步治疗将预防癌症恶化。
Further treatment will _______ cancer _____ developing.
7. 电灯一个接一个灭了。
The lights went out _______________.
8. 让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走。
Let’s ___________the broken glass. woken up topreventfromone after anothersweep awayⅢ. 单项填空
1. （2013·天津高一检测）Don’t blame yourself too much. Everyone has his ______ and weaknesses.
A. powers B. forces C. energies D. strengths
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：不要太自责。每个人都有长处和短处。power力量，权力；force武力；energy能量，精力；strength 在此处意为 “优势，长处” 。故选D。【变式训练】
（2013·南昌高一检测）The children are full of ______. They have been playing all day long without resting.
A. force B. power C. energy D. strength
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们充满活力。他们已经玩了一整天而没有休息了。force力，力量，武力、暴力；power能力，影响力，权力；energy能量；strength力量，力气。2. The house cost ______ we didn’t buy it.
A. such many money that B. such much money that
C. so many money that D. so much money that
【解析】选D。考查so/such. . . that. . . 的用法。句意：这所房子价钱太高，我们没买。与many, much连用时只能用so，又因money为不可数名词，应用so much。3. The little girl was______ by the man’s______ voice.
A．frightened; frightening B．frightening; frightened
C．frightened; frightened D．frightening; frightening
【解析】选A。考查形容词。句意：这个小女孩对那个男人的可怕的声音感到害怕。frightened表示 “(人)感到害怕的” ；frightening表示 “令人害怕的” 。故选A。4. （2013·锦州高一检测）He has______ letters to answer. He has to work from morning to night.
A．much B．masses of
C．the number of D．a great deal of
【解析】选B。句意：他有很多封信要回复，不得不从早忙到晚。letter是可数名词，masses of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。A、D两项只修饰不可数名词；C项为 “……的数量” 。【变式训练】
The flowers made a ______ of colour against the stone wall.
A．mass B．many C．number D．plenty
【解析】选A。句意：以石墙衬托着的花朵五彩缤纷。a mass of意为 “大量的” ，可以修饰不可数名词或可数名词，符合句意。many和a number of修饰的是可数名词复数；plenty of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，但不与a搭配。5. The firm is now in the ______ of moving the main equipment to a new place.
A．process B．action
C．development D．direction
【解析】选A。考查名词。句意：公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。in (the) process of意为 “在进行中” ，process过程，符合句意。action行动；development发展；direction方向。6. “Rain is ______ or all parts of southern England tomorrow. “ a forecaster on TV said.
A．predicted B．forecast
C．informed D．told
【解析】选B。考查动词。句意：电视天气预报员说明天整个英格兰南部都有雨。forecast指有专业知识的专业人员对于公众的预报，符合句意。predict意为 “预言，预测” ，尤指个人的预言和推测；inform告知，通知；tell告诉。7. We took our umbrellas with us when we went out in order to ______ us from a heavy rain.
A．ban B．preserve
C．prevent D．protect
【解析】选D。考查动词。句意：为了保护我们免受大雨淋湿，我们出门时随身携带雨伞。protect sb. from doing保护某人免遭……；ban禁止；preserve保护，维护；prevent防止，阻止。【变式训练】
Measures must be taken to prevent pollution ______ happily.
A. from we live B. for us to live
C. us living D. from our living
【解析】选B。句意：为了幸福地生活，我们必须采取措施制止污染。此题不要受prevent. . . from doing. . . 的思维定势的影响，此处为带逻辑主语的不定式作目的状语。8. On the way home, he ______ a storm.
A．caught B．was caught by
C．caught hold off D．was caught in
【解析】选D。句意：在回家的路上，他遭到了暴风雨的袭击。be caught in遭受……。9. His sudden look of fear made ______ clear that he had something to do with the matter.
A．him B．this C．it D．that
【解析】选C。考查it作形式宾语的用法。句意：他脸上突然变化的表情表明他与这件事情有关。made的宾语应为that引导的宾语从句，所以用it作形式宾语。10. If you don’t ______ your smoking, I will ______ your supply.
A．cut up; cut down B．cut down; cut off
C．cut in; cut off D．cut in; cut up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语。句意：如果你再不减少吸烟的量，我将断绝对你的供应。cut down减少；cut off断绝，切断。11. The aircraft appears ______ near London.
A. crashing B. to be crashed
C. crash D. to have crashed
【解析】选D。考查不定式。句意：飞机似乎在伦敦附近坠毁了。crash坠毁，不及物动词。appear to have done sth. 似乎做了某事，符合句意，故选D。12. （2013·北京高一检测）Moving to another city can ______ both your salary level and your cost of living, so you’d better think it over before you make a final decision.
A. connect B. relate C. effect D. affect
【解析】选D。考查动词。句意：搬到另一个城市会影响到你的薪水和生活成本，因此在做出最终决定之前你最好认真思考。connect连接，联合；relate使有联系；effect使发生，实现，引起；affect影响。根据句意可知选D。13. —May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters?
—Sorry, but all of them are out to ______ the main events of the day．
A. get B. find C. cover D. search
【解析】选C。考查动词。句意：——我可以和你们的体育记者中的一位谈谈吗？——抱歉，他们都出去报道今天的重要事件去了。cover意为 “报道” ，符合句意。14. ______ the heavy snow，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
A. In a word B. As a result of
C. By the way D. As a result
【解析】选B。考查词组。句意：由于大雪的缘故，这个地区三分之二的大楼需要修理。in a word总之；as a result of由于，因为；by the way顺便说一下；as a result结果。15. He advised his daughter ______ there in a hurry.
A. to not go B. not to go
C. not go D. not going
【解析】选B。考查advise的用法。句意：他劝女儿不要急着到那儿去。advise sb. not to do sth. 劝告某人不要做某事，故选B。课件12张PPT。 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记（根据构词法完成下面空格）
1. adj. +-th→n.
strong (adj. )强壮的→________(n. ) 力量；力气
【类记】
wide (adj. )宽的→_____(n. )宽度
young (adj. )年轻的→_____(n. )青春，青年（们）
warm (adj. )温暖的→_______(n. )温暖；热情
deep (adj. )深的→_____(n. )深度
true (adj. )真实的→_____(n. )真理strengthwidthyouthwarmthdepthtruth2. v. +-(t)ion→n.
pollute (v. )污染→________(n. )污染
【类记】
attend (v. )照料；照顾→________(n. )注意
attract (v. )吸引→_________(n. )吸引
celebrate (v. )庆祝→__________ (n. ) 庆祝
compose (v. )创作→___________ (n. )创作
compete (v. )竞争→___________(n. )竞争
connect (v. )连接→__________ (n. )连接pollutionattentionattractioncelebrationcompositioncompetitionconnectionⅡ. 连词成句（用本模块的词汇完成句子，每空一词）
1. 沙尘暴非常可怕，主要是由于砍伐树木造成的。
___________ are very___________, which are mainly caused
by _______ _____ trees.
2. 一项大规模的运动已经被开展来降低沙漠化，这个运动是
一个所有的市民都将参加的过程。
A _____ _________ has been started to reduce ____________n,
which is a _______ all the _______ will take part in. Sandstorms frighteningcuttingdownmasscampaigndesertificatioprocesscitizens3. 气象站可以预测出沙尘暴，但是我们无法回避它，所以当
我们遇到沙尘暴时最好戴上口罩骑自行车。
The weather station can _______ a sandstorm, but we can’t
avoid it, so we’d better _____ wearing a _____ _____ ______ __
a sandstorm.
4. 在大气层中，更多的二氧化碳会对我们的环境质量有一个
坏的影响，并造成空气污染。
In the ___________, more_______ _______ will _____ __ ____
_____ ___ the quality of our ___________ and cause air ________. forecastcyclemaskwhencaughtinatmosphere carbondioxidehaveabadeffectonenvironmentpollution5. 为了减少污染，我们必须循环利用一些物质并种更多的树
木，树木吸收二氧化碳并释放出氧气。
In order to reduce pollution, we must ______ some materials
and plant more trees, which ____ __ carbon dioxide and
____ ___ oxygen.
6. 我们应找出主要原因并采取紧急措施来防止污染我们的环
境。
We should find out some ______ reasons and take some ______
measures to prevent ________ our environment.
7. 总之一句话，政府完全支持对我们的环境的保护。
__ __ _______, the government _________ supports the
_________ of our environment. recycletakeingiveoutmajorurgentpollutingInanutshellabsolutelyprotectionⅢ. 句式点拨
1. 他什么都不做，而是坐在那儿笑。（True or False）
（1）He does nothing but to sit there smiling. （ ）
（2）He does nothing but sit there smiling. （ ）
【思路点拨】
but意为 “除……之外” 时，后面接动词不定式。但是，当but
前面有实义动词do的形式时，but后面接省略to的不定式。FT【句式训练】
我们只好试着给家政中心打电话。
_______________________________________________________We could do nothing but call the household management center.2. 乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛。（True or False）
（1）There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the
countryside. ( )
（2）There is atmosphere of peace and calm in the
countryside. ( )
【思路点拨】
atmosphere意为 “大气，大气层” 时，通常为不可数名词
但意为 “气氛，氛围” 时，常用单数，前面通常加不定冠
词a/an。TF【句式训练】
各族人民都沉浸在节日的气氛之中。
___________________________________The peoples are in a festival atmosphere.
