课件36张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Grammar
限制性定语从句 【探究寻规】
用关系词（which/who/where/whose/when）完成下列句子，
并观察在下列句子中所作的成分。
1. Nie Haisheng is an astronaut ____ has entered space twice in
China. ( )
2. He came from a family ______ was very poor. ( )
3. Confucius is the philosopher ______ influence has been the
greatest. ( )who主语which主语whose定语4. Ancient China was a place ______ states were often at war
with each other. ( )
5. But it was also a time _____ there were many great
philosophers. ( )where地点状语when时间状语【语法精点】
一、基础点拨
(一)作用
限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。
*They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（此处whose用来修饰其后面的名词car，其先行词是the man，相当于the man’s car） (二)关系词
1.关系代词的用法.
(1)that和which的用法。
①that既可指人又可指物，which指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
*Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。（此处先行词是a room，引导词which/that在从句中作主语，不能省略）
*This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（此处先行词是the house，引导词which/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略） *This is the thief (that) we have been looking for recently. 这就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。(此处先行词是the thief, 引导词that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)
②在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时，只能用that，而不能用which的情况
a. 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, (a) few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。
*Can you give me something that has no sugar inside?
能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？（此处先行词是something，因此引导词必须用that）
b. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
*This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.
这是第一辆运行于我们城市的双层公交车。 c. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时。
*Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。
d. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
*He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
他就是那个把女孩从水中救出来的人。
e. 当先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。
*Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？（此句中先行词是the people and events，既包含人又包含物，因此引导词用that，又因为that在从句中作saw的宾语，因此可以省略） f. 句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。
*Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
哪本有图画的书值得读呢？
(2)who和whom的用法。
who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。
*Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don’t. 每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患心脏病的可能性比不喝咖啡的妇女高。
*He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个男人。 (3)whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可转化为 “the+名词+ of which /whom” 和 “of which /whom +the +名词” 的形式。
*This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.
这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
*Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
＝Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 2.关系副词的用法。
(1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。
*I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。（此句中先行词是the day，在后面的定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于on the day，故用引导词when）
(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country及一些抽象意义的名词，如point, stage, case, position, condition, situation。 *This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。（此句中先行词是the room，在后面的定语从句中充当地点状语，相当于in the room，故用引导词where）
(3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
*The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 二、难点突破
“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句:
“介词＋关系代词” 是一个普遍使用的结构。
*Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
*This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
*In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。【名师点津】像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
*This is the person who/whom/that you are looking for.
这就是你在找的那个人。 【高考体验】
限制性定语从句解题技巧：
1. 分清主从句，找出定语从句;
2. 明确先行词和定语从句中所缺成分;
3. 明确使用关系代词或副词;
4. 确定关系词。1. （2013·北京高考）Many countries are now setting up national parks _______ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
解题关键：找准先行词national parks，判断关系词在从句中作状语。
思路分析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：现在很多国家都在建国家公园，在那里动植物能得到保护。先行词为national parks，在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词where。2. （2013·福建高考）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
解题关键：找准先行词those，判断空格处和lives的关系。
思路分析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句，先行词是those，空格处在从句中作lives的定语，故用关系词whose。3. （2013·湖南高考）Happiness and success often come to those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解题关键：找准先行词those，判断关系词在从句中作主语。
思路分析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语, 符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人，但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。4. (2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
解题关键：分析关系词在从句中所作的成分。
思路分析：选D。句意：销售经理是一个这样的职位，在此职位上其交际能力与销售技能同等重要。 “position” 为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词 “where” 来引导定语从句。5. （2012·浙江高考）We live in an age _______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
解题关键：分析关系词在从句中所作的成分。
思路分析：选B。句意：我们生活在这样一个时代，更多的信息比以前能更容易得到。定语从句中主系表成分俱全，故关系词在定语从句中应作状语。而先行词为an age（时代），即为时间词，故应选when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，此处的when=at which。易错误区 ：
（1）没有分析定语从句的所缺成分。
（2）不知an age为 “时代” 之意，即不知其为表时间的词。6. (2012·湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
解题关键：先行词process常与介词in搭配。
思路分析：选D。句意：心灵的护理是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。定语从句为被动语态，不缺宾语，故排除C项；what不引导定语从句，排除A项；介词后只能接which或whom，排除B项，故选D项。process常与in连用，故用in which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的process。 Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. The student ______ all of the teachers took great pride was admitted into Peking University last year.
A. in whom B. of whom
C. on whom D. for whom
【解析】选A。考查 “介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句的用法。句意：全体老师引以为豪的那个学生去年被北京大学录取了。题干中的took great pride后接介词in，意为 “为……感到自豪” ，故选A。2. Absorbed in his work, he has very little time ______ he can spend accompanying his family.
A. when B. in which C. at which D. that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：他一心扑在工作上，很少有时间陪伴家人。that指代very little time并在定语从句中作spend的宾语。3. The time has come ______ we can make wide use of nuclear energy.
A. when B. which C. since D. while
【解析】选A。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句。句意：我们广泛利用核能的时代到来了。time是先行词，指时间，在定语从句中作状语，因此引导词应是when，相当于at which。4. It was in these films ______ he created the well-known image of the lovely duck ______ children love to this day.
A. which; who B. where; who
C. what; that D. that; that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在这些电影中他创造出孩子们至今都喜爱的著名的可爱鸭子形象。第一个空是强调句型，即it is/was+强调部分+that+其他部分，故空中应填that；第二个空是定语从句，先行词是duck，若将其置于定语从句中应作love的宾语，故可用that/which引导，也可省略。综上所述，选D项。【知识拓展】强调句解析
1. 强调句的结构
It is /was +被强调的部分+that /who + 其他。
该句型可以强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。若被强调部分是人, that也可换成who。
2. 强调句的特殊疑问句的句式结构
疑问词+is /was it that +其他?
3. 判断某个句子是否是强调句, 可采用以下方式
如果去掉it, is/was, that 这三个词后还能组成一个完整的句子，那么这个句子就是强调句。4. not. . . until 的强调句
It is /was not until. . . +that +其他。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous star.
5. 在强调句中经常包含一个定语从句
—Where did you see him?
—It was in the hotel ______ he stayed ______ I saw him.
【解析】第一个空是定语从句的引导词，填 where /in which; 而第二个空才是强调句中的that，因为去掉It was与第二个空后答语仍然完整。5. A computer is so useful a machine ______ we can use everywhere.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种如此有用的机器。由句中so＋adj. ＋a/an＋n. 知先行词被so修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，故选C。要注意so. . . that句型中，that引导结果状语从句，即that后应为完整的句子。6. Einstein, for ______ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. his
【解析】选A。考查介词提前的定语从句。句意：后来爱因斯坦在科学方面取得了巨大的成功，但其生活曾经也很困难过。Einstein为先行词，在从句中作介词for的宾语。故选A。7. The river, ______ the banks are covered with trees, is very long.
A. whose B. which
C. of which D. which of
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：那条河非常长，其两岸种满了树。whose banks＝of which the banks＝the banks of which。8. We can never forget the days ___ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days ___ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when
【解析】选A。考查定语从句关系词的应用。句意：我们永远忘不了宇宙飞船里两名航天员一起工作的日子和我们一起度过的日子。尽管两空前都是the days，但分析句子成分知，第一个定语从句中因为worked为不及物动词故其不缺宾语，故只能在A、D两项中选择；第二个定语从句中spent后缺宾语，故需填关系代词which或that。综上分析而选A项。9. There are no children ______ love their parents.
A. that do not B. who does not
C. that D. who
【解析】选A。考查定语从句中谓语动词的数的确定。句意：没有不爱自己父母的孩子。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致，故用复数。10. The pen ______ he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which
C. on which D. by which
【解析】选A。考查 “介词+which” 。句意：他写字用的钢笔是我的。with有 “用” 的意思，因为先行词属于物，介词之后只能用which, 不能用that。with which在定语从句中作状语, 即he is writing with a pen。Ⅱ. 改错
1. The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.
【答案】去掉it
2. The house stood at the place which the roads meet.
【答案】which→where
3. Did you see the young man whom was chosen the League secretary?
【答案】whom→who
4. We shall visit the university where my father teaches there.
【答案】去掉there5. The house in where we live is very large.
【答案】去掉in
6. I have known the reason which she is so worried.
【答案】which→why
7. This is the girl who practise playing the piano every day.
【答案】practise→practises
8. This is the 100th letter which she has received from that boy.
【答案】which→that课件81张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Integrating Skills Ⅰ. 速记单词
根据提示写出相应的单词。
1. _______(n. )诚实→______(adj. )诚实的→honestly (adv. )诚实
地
2. ______(n. )公正→just (adj. )公正的→______(adj. )不公正的
3.____________(n. )贡献→_________(v. )贡献→contributor (n. )
贡献者
4. ________(n. )发明家→_________(n. )发明→invent (v. )发明
5. _________(n. )争论；辩论→argue (v. )争论；辩论
6. ________(n. )自由；自由状态→free (adj. )自由的honestyhonestjusticeunjust contributioncontributeinventorinventionargumentfreedomⅡ. 短语互译
1. a sense of responsibility _______
2. be proud of ___________
3. up to _____
4. in conclusion _____
5. 直到那时 _________
6. 第一次 _______________
7. 状况不好 _______________责任感为……自豪多达总之until thenfor the first timein poor conditionⅢ. 完成句子
1. 然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年他发明了第一块真正的
时钟。
However, we ________that in 1092 AD he invented the first
real clock. （do+动词原形，do强调谓语动词）
2. 汽车是在19世纪末首次投入使用的，并且和马一样跑得都
不快。
Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and
were ___________________. （no+比较级+ than结构）
3. 如果是这样的话，那么我的朋友彼得·灵有点疯狂。
____, then my friend Peter Ling is a bit mad.
（状语从句的省略） do knowno faster than a horseIf so1. honesty n. 诚实
【语境领悟】
①She answered all my questions with her usual honesty.
她像平常一样老老实实地回答了我的所有问题。【归纳拓展】
(1)It is honest of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是正直的
to be honest (with you) 坦白说，老实告诉你(通常置
于句首)
(2)honestly speaking 诚实地说
②It was honest of you to tell your troubles.
你能将苦恼告知是很坦诚的。
③To be quite honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning. 老实说(说实话)，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
④Honestly speaking, I’ve tried to be an honest man all my life. 坦白说，在我的一生中，我一直试图做个诚实的人。【即学活用】
—Would you please lend me ten pounds?
—_______, I’ve got no money with me today. I’m so sorry.
A. To be fair B. To be sure
C. To be careful D. To be honest
【解析】选D。考查情景交际。句意：——你能借我10英镑吗？——老实说，我今天没带钱，真抱歉。在对方向 “我” 借钱时， “我” 坦率地说出身上没钱，并表示歉意，应选D项，意为 “说实话，老实说” 。2. contribution n. 贡献
【语境领悟】
①People remember him for his contributions to the country. 人们因为他对这个国家的贡献而记住他。
②He has made great contributions to the development of our company.
他对我们公司的发展做出了巨大贡献。【归纳拓展】
(1)make contributions to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事做出贡献
(2)contribute (sth. ) to/towards sth. 向……捐赠……，
向……投稿
contribute to (doing) sth. 促成某事
③He contributed some money to the flood victims.
他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民。
④Xi Jinping’s talks with African leaders in March of 2013 contributed to developing China-Africa cooperation.
习近平在2013年3月份与非洲首脑的会谈有助于发展中非的合作关系。【巧学助记】 contribute含义巧解【即学活用】
①Many people ___________ money __ the poor boy, which
_____________his returning to school. A writer wrote a story
about it and ___________ it __ a newspaper.
许多人给这个可怜的男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一
位作家写了一个关于此事的故事，并把它投到了报社。contributedtocontributed tocontributedto②—Do you know why the river was polluted?
—Many different factors ______the serious pollution of the river.
A. contributed to B. resulted from
C. attended to D. devoted to
【解析】选A。句意：——你知道这条河流为什么被污染了吗？——许多不同的因素导致了这条河流的严重污染。contribute to导致，促成；result from由于，因为；attend to照料；devote to投身于。3. invent v. 发明；创造
【语境领悟】
①Who invented the telephone? 谁发明了电话？
②He invented a new teaching method.
他创造了一种新的教学方法。【归纳拓展】
invention n. [U]发明；[C]发明物
inventor n. 发明家；创造者
③Necessity is the mother of invention.
需要是发明之母。
④He has been dreaming of being an inventor.
他一直梦想成为一位发明家。【巧学助记】 巧记以-or结尾的名词
“列车员（conductor）” 驾驶 “拖拉机（tractor）” ，
“马达（motor）” 坏了找 “医生（doctor）” ，
“医生” 去请 “发明家（inventor）” ，
他却对着 “镜子（mirror）” 挑毛病，
乐坏了到访的 “参观者（visitor）” 。
记住此七词，-or用不错。【易混辨析】【即学活用】用invent, discover或create填空。
Columbus __________ America, and Edison ________ the
electric light bulb. And do you know Shakespeare? He
_______many famous characters. discoveredinventedcreated4. afford vt. 担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受得住; 抽得出(时间) [常与can, could, be able to 连用]
【语境领悟】
①Can you afford $10, 000 for a car?
你担负得起10 000美元买一辆车吗？
②They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not.
他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。
③We can’t afford to pay such a price.
我们付不起这个价钱。
④Dancing affords us pleasure.
跳舞给我们带来快乐。【即学活用】
As director of the company, I can’t______ three weeks away from work.
A. carry B. cost C. afford D. pay
【解析】选C。考查词语辨析。句意：作为公司的董事，我不能离开工作三个星期。afford 抽得出(时间)，常与can, could, be able to 连用，符合句意，故选C项。carry 搬，运；cost花费；pay付款。5. argument n. 争论；辩论；议论
【语境领悟】
①This paragraph gives the arguments against cars.
这一段列举了反对使用汽车的理由。
②I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden. (=I argued with my neighbour about a tree in his garden. )
我和邻居因其花园里的一棵树而争吵了起来。
③What you said is really an argument for my point of view.
你说的正好可以作为支持我观点的一个论据。【归纳拓展】
(1)have an argument with sb. about/over sth.
就某事与某人争论
an argument for (against. . . ) 支持(反对)……的论据
(2)argue with sb. about sth. 就某事与某人争论
argue for 支持，赞成
argue against 反对【巧学助记】 形象记忆argue/quarrel
④People generally quarrel because they cannot argue.
人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。【即学活用】
Mary got into an argument ______ her sister ______ the housework.
A. with; over B. with; in
C. to; at D. towards; about
【解析】选A。考查argument的用法。句意：玛丽和她姐姐因为家务活争论了起来。have/get into an argument with sb. about/over sth. 是习惯搭配，表示 “与某人就某事进行争论” 。故选A项。6. condition n. 状况，条件；环境
【语境领悟】
①Their living conditions were terrible.
他们的生活条件很差。【归纳拓展】
(1)on condition that. . . 条件是……；倘若
on no condition 决不
under the conditions of. . . 在……的情况下
(2)be in good/poor condition 在好/坏的状况下
be out of condition 身体不适
②You can go out on condition that you wear a coat.
你要穿上外套才能出去。【名师点津】(1)on condition that用法同if引导的条件状语从句，即主句表将来之意时，其引导的从句常用现在时态表将来。
(2) on no condition置于句首时，该句要用倒装语序。【易混辨析】【即学活用】用condition，state或situation填空。
①I’ve had no exercise for ages; I’m really out of _________.
②The company is in a poor financial ________.
③We must keep up a good _____ of mind whenever we are in
trouble. conditionsituationstate④Ron lent me the money on ______that I pay it back next month.
A. condition B. conditions
C. state D. situation
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。句意：罗恩借给我钱，条件是我下个月还他。on condition that. . . 条件是……，符合题意。7. in conclusion总之；总而言之
【语境领悟】
①In conclusion，I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.
总之，我认为汽车是很有用的，因为有了汽车，出行是很容易的。【归纳拓展】
(1)reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
jump to a conclusion 匆忙下结论
(2)conclude v. 结束；下结论；推断
conclude that. . . ＝draw a conclusion that. . .
下结论
to conclude 总而言之，最后②Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.
匆忙下结论是危险的。
③We came to a conclusion that the room must have been empty.
我们得出结论：那个房间一定是空的。 【想一想】
英语中你还知道哪些词表示 “总之” 之意呢？请给出至少三个
例子。
【参考答案】
in a/one word，in short，in brief，in sum，all in all【即学活用】
They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come to no______ .
A. end B. conclusion
C. result D. judgment
【解析】选B。考查名词。句意：他们就这个问题已经讨论三四次了，但没有得出结论。come to no conclusion没有得出结论。 8. for the first time第一次
【语境领悟】
①With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.
随着工业革命的发展，工厂出现了，产品的批量生产第一次成为可能。
②I’ll never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time.
我永远忘不了和我校长的初次见面。【归纳拓展】
the first time第一次……时(连词引导时间状语从句)
③The first time I flew in a plane I was really nervous.
我第一次乘飞机时确实很紧张。【易混辨析】
④This is the first time that I’ve been away from my family for such a long time.
这是我第一次离家这么长时间。【即学活用】 完成句子。
①汤姆和玛丽在纽约初次相见。
Tom and Mary met in New York _______________.
②他第一次来到中国时，曾游览过上海。
____________he came to China, he visited Shanghai. for the first timeThe first time③It was reported Asia had more millionaires than Europe______ last year.
A. for the first time B. the first time
C. for a time D. a first time
【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。句意：据报道，去年亚洲百万富翁的人数第一次超过欧洲。这里for the first time为介词短语，在句中作状语，而the first time常作连词，连接一个句子。故A项正确。9. However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock. 然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年他发明了第一块真正的时钟。
【句式分析】①She did tell me about her new address, but I forgot all about it.
她确实告诉过我她的新地址，但我全忘了。
②He does come from a European country.
他的确来自一个欧洲的国家。
③Do come on time next time. （表示强烈的请求）
下次请务必准时来。
④Do come in and sit down. （表示更加客气的语气）
请快进来坐下。【名师点津】（1） “do/does/did+ 动词原形” 结构中，只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态；只对肯定的谓语动词强调，无否定和疑问形式。
（2）在祈使句中运用 “do +动词原形” ，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表示更加客气的语气。【即学活用】
（2010·四川高考）If you have a job,______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A. do devote B. don’t devote
C. devoting D. not devoting
【解析】选A。考查强调结构。句意：如果你有了一份工作，务必要全力以赴，最终你定能成功。强调词do通常用于强调谓语动词；另外and属于并列连词，它后面接了一个句子，所以其前也应是一个句子，此处是 “祈使句+and+表将来的简单句” 这一结构，故选项A正确。10. Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse. 汽车在19世纪末首次投入使用，并且和马一样跑得都不快。
【句式分析】
句中no faster than. . . 是no+比较级+than结构，意为 “和……一样都不……” 。
①He is no taller than his brother.
他和他的弟弟一样都不高。（一样矮）
②He is not taller than his brother.
他不如他的弟弟高。【归纳拓展】
no more than 只不过，仅仅
not more than 至多（=at most）；不超过
no less than 不亚于，竟达……之多
not less than 不少于（=at least）③I am no more than a worker.
我仅仅是个工人。
④Carlo took a breath of fresh air in the garden, not more than ten minutes.
卡罗在花园里呼吸了一会儿新鲜空气，时间也不过十分钟而已。
⑤There are no less than 500 people present at the meeting.
出席会议的竟达五百人之多。（出席会议的人较多）
⑥There are not less than 500 people present at the meeting.
出席会议的不少于五百人。【即学活用】
①You are ______ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more
C. not less D. no less
【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：你与你哥哥都不是仔细的人。你们两个都不适合做这份需要细心和技巧的工作。下文说 You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill，这表明这两个人都不是很仔细的人。而no+比较级+than结构，意为 “和……一样都不……” ，因此选B。②What a pity we have ______ five minutes left.
A. no more than B. not more than
C. no less than D. not less than
【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。句意：真遗憾，我们仅剩5分钟了。no more than 只不过，仅仅，强调数量少；B至多；C多达，强调数量多；D不少于……。1. justice n. [U] 公正；正义
【语境领悟】
①He only wants freedom, justice and equality.
他只要自由、公正和平等。【归纳拓展】
in justice to 为对……公平起见
do justice to 公平对待，公平处理
②I say, in justice to him, that he is a good teacher.
秉公而论，我认为他是个优秀的教师。
③We should do justice to everyone.
我们应该公正地对待每个人。【即学活用】
To do him ______, we must admit that his intentions were good.
A. order B. honesty C. justice D. argument
【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。句意：公平而言，我们必须承认他的意图还是好的。do sb. justice公平地对待某人。order顺序，命令；honesty 诚实；argument 争论。2. sense n. 感觉，意识
【语境领悟】
①He is free from any sense of responsibility.
他丝毫没有责任感。
②Her encouragement gave me a great sense of uplift.
她的鼓励激发了我的上进心。
③He refused to accept help out of a false sense of pride.
他由于死要面子而不肯接受帮助。【归纳拓展】
make sense of 懂得，理解……的含义
make sense 讲得通，有意义
④Can you make sense of what she says?
你懂得她说的是什么意思吗？
⑤Read the following sentences aloud until they make sense to you!
大声地读下面的句子直到读懂为止！【即学活用】
Don’t you have any ______of right and wrong?
A. note B. sense C. ability D. thought
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。句意：难道你没有一点是非感吗？ note注意，记录；sense意识，感觉；ability能力；thought想法。由句意可知选B项。 3. If so, then my friend Peter Ling is a bit mad.
如果是这样的话，那么我的朋友彼得·灵有点疯狂。
【句式分析】
If so为省略句式，意为 “如果这样的话，要是这样” ，其完整的形式为If it/this is so。
①Have you got a free evening next week? If so, let’s have dinner.
你下周哪个晚上有空？要是有空，我们一块吃晚饭吧。【名师点津】 常见if省略句式
if any即使有（也极少），如果有的话
if anything如果有什么（区别）的话
if ever假如，要是 if not如果不，不然的话
if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话
②He seldom, if ever, goes out.
他很少出门。
③I would like to make a phone call, if possible.
如果可能的话, 我想打个电话。【即学活用】
（2011·江苏高考）It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not
C. But for that D. If so
【解析】选D。考查省略句式。句意：听起来好像是汽车发动机出毛病了。如果是这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到修理厂去。otherwise否则；if not如果不，不然的话；but for that要不是因为……；if so如果是这样的话。由句意可知选D。 Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. In my opinion, _______ is the most important part of
friendship, because I hate being cheated. (honest)
2. The teachers in our school are given complete ________ in
their choice of teaching methods. (free)
3. Don’t you know Alexander Graham Bell is the ________ of
the telephone? (invent)
4. The invention of paper was a great ___________ to human
civilization. (contribute)
5. After a long _________, we decided where to go for our
holidays. (argue)honestyfreedominventorcontributionargumentⅡ. 单项填空
1. I’m sure your suggestions will ______the problem.
A. contribute to solving B. contribute to solve
C. be contributed to solve D. be contributed to solving
【解析】选A。考查动词contribute的用法。句意：我相信你的建议将有助于这个问题的解决。contribute to的意思是 “有助于，促成” ，在这个短语中to为介词，后要接名词或动词的-ing形式。2. The little boy showed great interest ______ chemistry when he was doing it ______ the first time.
A. in；for B. on；for
C. in；on D. for；at
【解析】选A。考查介词。句意：当那个小男孩第一次学化学的时候就对化学表现出了极大的兴趣。show interest in对……感兴趣；for the first time第一次，在句中作时间状语。【变式训练】
I thought her honest I ______ met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
【解析】选C。考查time相关短语的用法。句意：我第一次遇见她的时候，就认为她很诚实。根据句子的结构，句中空白处需要一个连词，选项中只有the first time有此用法。3. You may borrow the book, ______ you don’t lend it to anyone else.
A. in good condition B. on no condition
C. on condition that D. in no condition
【解析】选C。考查condition的用法。句意：你可以借这本书，但是条件是你不能借给其他人。on condition that在……条件下，相当于一个连词，表示条件。in good condition状态良好，身体健康；on no condition决不。【变式训练】
______ are you allowed to do that.
A. On condition that B. On no condition
C. In no condition D. In condition that
【解析】选B。考查condition的用法。句意：你绝对不会被允许做那件事。 on no condition 意为 “决不” ，是固定短语，其置于句首时该句用倒装语序。该句正常语序应为： You are on no condition allowed to do that. on condition that. . . 意为 “条件是，以……为条件” 。4. ______ , because of all the disadvantages I have mentioned, I think, as students, we don’t need a mobile phone.
A. As a result B. In conclusion
C. In fact D. To tell the truth
【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：总而言之，鉴于以上我所提到的所有缺点，我认为，作为学生，我们不需要手机。in conclusion “总之” ，用于总结性发言。as a result 结果；in fact 事实上；to tell the truth 说实话。5. —Did Tom win the 200-meter race at our sports meeting?
—Of course not. I’m a poor runner and he did ______ than I.
A. as well as B. no better
C. no worse D. not better
【解析】选B。考查固定短语。答语句意：——当然没有。我不擅长跑步，他跑得也不比我好。由于后面有 than，可排除A项；根据句意 “我跑得不快” 判断应选B项，表示 “他跑得也不比我快” 。 no+比较级+than结构，意为 “和……一样都不……” 。6. （2013·滁州高一检测）He is always thinking more of himself, seldom, ______ , offering to help others.
A. if never B. if ever
C. if possible D. if any
【解析】选B。考查省略。句意：他总是为自己着想，很少主动帮助他人。if ever如果有过，相当于if he has ever helped others。7. The reason ______ I was absent from school was ______ I was ill.
A. why; because B. that; that
C. why; that D. that; because
【解析】选C。考查引导词。句意：我缺课的原因是我得病了。The reason 后跟定语从句时用 why 引导，跟表语从句时用 that 引导，构成 the reason why. . . is/was that. . . 句式。8. Someone thought that it might be the first time the two officials ______ together in a place where they could get to know each other.
A. was B. had been
C. have been D. are
【解析】选B。考查时态。句意：有人认为那可能是第一次两位高级官员聚在一个能彼此了解对方的地方进行会晤。This/That/It is the+序数词+time that. . . , 从句中常用现在完成时，但当is换为was时，从句中要用过去完成时，且该句的主句谓语动词think用了一般过去时，故time后的从句应用过去完成时。9. I’m very busy this week and can’t ______ to see films.
A. offer B. provide C. supply D. afford
【解析】选D。考查词义辨析。句意：这周我很忙，抽不出时间看电影。afford to do sth. 抽出时间做某事。10. We searched all the morning for the missing papers and finally ______ them in a drawer.
A. invented B. created
C. discovered D. looked for
【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。句意：我们整个早上都在找那些丢失的文件，最后在一个抽屉里找到了。invent指通过学习、思考、研究和试验，发明了新的、有用的物品；create强调从无到有，可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物；discover指发现原本已存在，只是尚未被人发现或认识的事物；look for指寻找，但未必找到。11. She got the first prize in the exam again. Her parents ______ her and bought her a computer.
A. were devoted to B. were interested in
C. were tired of D. were proud of
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意：这次考试她又考了第一名。父母为她感到自豪，给她买了一台电脑。A项意为 “把……贡献给……” ；B项意为 “对……感兴趣” ；C项意为 “由于……而疲劳” ；D项意为 “为……而自豪” ，符合句意。12. I have a new pen and several old ______.
A. one B. ones C. that D. those
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：我有一支新钢笔和几支旧钢笔。one可用来替代上文出现过的单数名词，ones可用来替代上文出现过的复数名词。此时，one/ones要有前置修饰语(如此句的old)。that可替代上文提到过的具有特指意义的可数名词单数或不可数名词。those可替代上文提到的具有特定意义的可数名词复数。但that/those常跟后置修饰语。写人记叙文
【互动导学】
◎学生：写人物简介的文章属于什么体裁？
◎老师：记叙文。
◎学生：可以从哪几个方面进行写作？
◎老师：可以从以下四个方面进行写作：1. Birthday and birth place. 2. Family background. 3. Big events in his or her life (in order of time). 4. Evaluation (评价).
◎学生：那时态应该以哪种为主呢？
◎老师：以一般过去时为主。【典题示例】
请根据以下材料，写一篇介绍我国明代著名医学家李时珍的文章。
姓名：李时珍
出生年代：1518年
著作：《本草纲目》
内容：中草药总集，近2 000种中草药，
上百万字
写作经历：访民间，走群山，尝百草，
亲身做试验
成书时间：1578年
评价：对我国医学发展做出了重大贡献
参考词汇： Chinese herbs中草药
词数：100个左右【审题谋篇】记叙文描人记事以过去时为主第三人称【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
（1）出生于 _________
（2）写书 ___________
（3）中草药总集 _________________________
（4）上百万字 ___________________
（5）访民间 ____________________
（6）走群山 ______________
（7）尝百草 _________________________
（8）亲身做试验 ____________________
（9）对……做贡献 ____________________be born inwrite a booka collection of Chinese herbsmillions of characterscall on ordinary peoplevisit mountainstaste different kinds of herbsdo experiments oneselfmake a contribution to2. 句式：
（1）不同层次表达法:
经过努力，他写成了一本名著《本草纲目》，这是一本中草
药总集。
一般表达：By hard working, he wrote a famous book called
“Ben Cao Gang Mu” . It’s a collection of Chinese herbs.
(用定语从句合并句子)
高级表达：__________________________________________
________________________________________________By hard working, he wrote a famous book “BenCao Gang Mu” , which is a collection of Chinese herbs.（2）李时珍对我国的医学发展做出了重大贡献。(句子转换)
Li Shizhen is considered to have made a great contribution to
the development of Chinese medicine.
=It is considered that ___________________________________
________________________________. Li Shizhen made a great contribution tothe development of Chinese medicine【妙笔成篇】
As we all know, Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. He was born in 1518. He visited mountains, called on ordinary people, tasted different kinds of herbs and even did experiments himself. By hard working, he wrote a famous book called “Ben Cao Gang Mu” , which is a collection of Chinese herbs. It includes nearly 2, 000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters.
Li Shizhen is considered to have made a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. 课件91张PPT。 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Introduction ＆ Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
（1） _____ (n. ) 秩序
（2） ________ (n. ) 原则; 准则
（3） _______ (n. ) 职位
（4） _____ (vt. ) 强调
（5） ______ (vi. ) 辞职
（6） ______ (n. ) 公正 orderprinciplepositionstressresignjustice2. 形意记忆。
（1）_____ (adj. ) 平等的→equality (n. ) 平等
（2）__________ (n. ) 重要；重要性→important (adj. ) 重要的
（3）__________ (n. )哲学→philosopher (n. )哲学家
（4）________ (n. )（常作复数）教导；学说→teach (v. ) 教
（5）_______(n. ) 思想家→think (v. ) 思考；想；认为
（6）________ (n. ) 善良→kind (adj. ) 善良的
（7）_______ (n. ) 顾问→advise (v. ) 建议
（8）_________ (adj. )有影响的→influence (v. &n. ) 影响equalimportancephilosophyteachingthinkerkindnessadviserinfluentialⅡ. 短语互译
1. 照顾；照料 _________
2. 与……相似 ___________
3. 与……有关 ___________
4. 与……交战 _____________
5. 养育；抚养 ________
6. follow one’s advice _______________
7. become famous for _____________
8. as a result _____
9. believe in _______________________
10. be born good _______look afterbe similar tobe related tobe at war withbring up采纳某人的建议因……而出名结果信仰，信奉；主张，赞成性本善Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
Treat others _____________________________.
（the way作先行词时定语从句的用法）
2. 古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
Ancient China was a place _______________________________
_________. （where引导的定语从句）in the way you want to be treatedwhere states were often at war witheach other3. 但它也是一个有许多伟大的哲学家的时期。
But it was also __________________________________________.
（time作先行词时定语从句的用法）
4. 孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的很相似。
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to
________________. （代词those的用法）
5. 孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。
Mencius believed that ________________________________
________________________. （the reason why. . . is that. . . 从
句句式）a time when there were many great philosophersthose of Confuciusthe reason why man is different fromanimals is that man is goodⅣ. 语篇填空
根据对文章的理解，试着将下面表格补充完整。（所填词不限）beliefs72stressedorderbrought updifferentclothes andbehaviourhated【读而后思】
Can you list any other philosophers of ancient China? Please
present his/their ideas.
______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________________________________Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, the core of whose teachings is“All things are based on ‘Tao’(道生万物)” , stood for that“Governing by doing nothing that goes against nature(无为而治)” ; Han Fei, the founder of Legalists, stressed that“Rule the country by law(以法治国)” .1. equal adj. 平等的
【语境领悟】
①All human beings are equal.
所有人都是平等的。
②Women demanded equal pay for equal work.
妇女们要求同工同酬。
③Bob is quite equal to the job of running the department.
鲍勃很有能力管理这个部门。【归纳拓展】
（1）be equal to sth. /doing sth.
能胜任某事，比得上某物；等于
be equal in sth. 在……方面是同等的
(2)equal vt. 等于；比得上
n. 同等的人或物
equally adv. 相等地，相同地，同样地
equality n. 平等④A pound roughly equals 500 grams.
=A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.
1磅约等于500克。
⑤None of us can equal her, either in appearance or as a dancer.
不论是外表还是舞技我们都比不上她。【巧学助记】 equal形象记忆【即学活用】
①I don’t think he __ _____ __ _____ the job (胜任这项工作), so
I won’t employ him.
②All the countries in the world should ______each other，
though some developing countries can’t equal developed ones
______ some sections.
A. be equal to; in B. be equal with; on
C. be equal; on D. be equal to; of
【解析】选A。句意：世界上所有的国家都是相互平等的，尽
管一些发展中国家在有些方面不能和发达国家相媲美。be
equal to平等； “在……方面” 用介词in。isequaltodoing2. importance n. 重要，重要性
【语境领悟】
①All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government.
三位先哲都相信善良和好政府的重要性。
②The United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon emphasized (强调) that preventing corruption was of great importance （=was very important）.
联合国秘书长潘基文强调反腐是非常重要的。【想一想】be+of 抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词。例如：
be of importance= be important
根据所给be of +抽象名词，你能写出其相应的形容词吗？
be of use=be_______
be of help=be _______
be of value=be _______
be of interest=be _______
be of hope=be _______
be of necessity=be _______【参考答案】useful helpful valuable interesting hopeful necessary【即学活用】 句型转换。
①You’ll find this map very valuable in helping you to get
round London．
→You’ll find this map ____________in helping you to get
round London．
②Never mind who told me. That is not important.
→Never mind who told me. That is _______________. of no importanceof great value3. position n. 职位；地位，身份；位置
【语境领悟】
①He became a student of Confucius’ ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state.
他成为孔子思想的一名门生，后来在政府中担任了一个重要职位。
②Can you show me the position of the school on this map?你能在这张地图上给我指出学校的位置吗？
③He is a person of high position.
他是一个很有地位的人。
④This chair is out of position. Put it back in position.
这把椅子不在适当的位置。请把它放回原来的地方。【归纳拓展】
have/get a position 谋得一个职位
lose one’s position 失去职位
hold a high/low position 地位高/低
in position 在适当的位置；就位
out of position 在不适当的位置【即学活用】
From their ______on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position
C. condition D. situation
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们能更好地观看城市的风景。stage舞台，时期，阶段；position位置；condition条件，情况；situation形势，情况。根据空前的物主代词their以及句意可以推断出此处选B。4. stress vt. 强调，重读
n. 重压，压力；强调；重音
【语境领悟】
①He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
②Our headmaster laid great stress on the word “unity” and also stressed the importance of cooperation.
我们的校长特别强调 “团结” ，也强调合作的重要性。【归纳拓展】
（1）lay/place/put the stress on/upon. . . 强调……的重要性
under the stress of 在……的压力之下
cause/reduce stress 造成/减少压力
（2）stress the importance of. . . 强调……的重要性
（3）stressful adj. 产生压力的；
使紧迫的
stressed adj. 紧张的，焦虑的
（不用于名词前，且
常修饰人）
③He finds his new teaching job very stressful.
他觉得新的教学工作非常紧张。【巧学助记】 图析stress【即学活用】 用stress的适当形式或stress短语填空。
After a ________ week of work, all the employees were
extremely _______and tired. They complained that few could
work efficiently ___________(在压力之下), so they have to
____________(减压) by listening to some relaxing music. stressfulstressedunder stressreduce stress5. resign v. 辞职
【语境领悟】
①However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.
然而，当他看到统治者不接受他的建议时，他辞职了。
②The Minister resigned from office.
那位部长辞职了。
③It is said that he has resigned his position as secretary.
据说他已辞去秘书职务。【归纳拓展】
resign from office/a job 辞职
resign (from) one’s post/position as. . . 辞去……的职务【易混辨析】【即学活用】
I’ve been holding this position for five years, and I won’t ______whatever happens.
A. retire B. retreat C. remove D. resign
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：这个职位我已做了5年, 不管发生什么我也不会辞职的。resign 辞职，符合句意；retire退休；retreat后退；remove搬动，移动。根据句意，选D。6. be at war with 与……交战
【语境领悟】
①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。【归纳拓展】
a civil/cold war 内战/冷战
make/declare war (on. . . ) （向……）宣战
②The government has declared war on inflation.
政府已向通货膨胀宣战。 【想一想】
在be at war with. . . 中， “at+名词” 表示什么意思？类似的短语还有哪些？
【参考答案】
“at+名词” 表示 “正在进行、从事或处于某种状态” ，常见的类似短语有：
at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作
at desk 在学习 at rest 在休息
at ease 安心 at sea 出海
at school 在上学 at play 在游戏
at lunch 在吃午饭 at peace 处于和平状态【即学活用】
①During the Second World War, Germany was __________
almost all the countries in the world.
第二次世界大战期间，德国几乎同世界上所有的国家处于交
战状态。
②—Hi, Tom, what are your family doing?
—My father is _______(在工作), my mother is ______(在休息),
my sister is _______(在学习), and I am ______(在玩). at war withat workat restat deskat play7. bring up 养育，抚养
【语境领悟】
①His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.
他的父亲在他很小的时候就去世了，他是由母亲抚养长大的。
②She has three young children to bring up on her own.
她独自一人要抚养三个孩子。
③Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
我第一次把这个想法提出来时受到一些人的嘲笑。④Mr. Wang’s new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
王先生的新建议在会议上被提了出来。
⑤He didn’t feel well and brought up his breakfast.
他感觉身体不舒服，把吃的早餐吐了出来。【归纳拓展】【即学活用】 用bring短语填空。
①The photographs ____________many pleasant memories.
②Science and technology has _____________many changes in
our lives.
③He made every effort to __________the cost of living. brought backbrought aboutbring down④（2011·福建高考）Born into a family with three brothers, David was ______to value the sense of sharing.
A. brought up B. turned down
C. looked after D. held back
【解析】选A。考查动词词组辨析。句意：出生在一个拥有三个兄弟的家庭，戴维受到珍视共享意识的教育。bring up教育，养育；turn down拒绝，调低（小）；look after照料，照顾；hold back控制，阻碍，阻挡。由句意可知选A。8. Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
【句式分析】①I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。
②I don’t understand the way （in which/that） they work out the problem.
我不理解他们计算这道题的方法。【归纳拓展】
当先行词是 the way （方式，方法），且在定语从句中作状语时，可用in which或that引导定语从句，也可省略。【名师点津】当 the way 后面的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则用that或which引导。
③He offered some ways that/which worked very well in practice.
他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。
④The way that/which you thought of to solve the problem was pretty good.
你想出的解决问题的办法很好。
⑤You should do that thing in the way which/that you were told to.
你应该用别人告诉你的方式去做那件事情。【即学活用】
①What surprised me was not what he said but _______________
（他说事情的那种方式）.
②（2013·龙岩高一检测） Our chemistry teacher announced
that he would do the experiment in a different way _____we
might find interesting.
A. which B. in which C. in that D. whom
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：我们化学老师声称他会
用另外一种方法来做这个实验，我们可能会感觉这个方法有
意思。此处way在定语从句中作find的宾语，故用which。the way he said it9. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。
【句式分析】（1）如果reason在定语从句中作状语，用why/for which引导，常组成the reason why. . . is that. . . 句式。
①The only reason why I went was that I wanted to meet your friends.
我去的唯一的理由是我想见见你的朋友们。
②The reason why I don’t believe him is that he often tells lies. 我不相信他的原因是他经常撒谎。
③We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
我们希望知道她为什么不接受这份工作。（2）在定语从句中，如果reason在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语，用which/that引导, 作宾语时常省略。
④I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.
我不相信他给我的理由。【即学活用】
①The reason ______they were not accepted is______ they didn’t receive enough education.
A. why；because B. that；for
C. why；that D. that；that
【解析】选C。句意：他们没被接受的原因是他们没有受到足够的教育。谓语动词is前面是一个定语从句，先行词是the reason，用关系副词why(＝for which)引导而且在从句中作状语；is后面是表语从句，因前面已出现reason，所以because，for不可选。故只能选C项。②仿写句子。
我迟到的原因是我的自行车坏了。
_______________________________________________The reason why I was late is that my bike was broken.1. order n. 秩序
【语境领悟】
①He put his papers in order before he left.
他在动身前把文件都整理好了。
②He was going for a scholarship in order to go abroad.
为了出国，他准备争取奖学金。
③I placed an order with them for 500 pairs of shoes.
= I ordered 500 pairs of shoes with them.
我向他们订购了500双鞋。④The doctor ordered him to take a rest for a week or two.
=The doctor ordered that he (should) take a rest for a week or two.
医生叮嘱他休息一两周。【归纳拓展】
(1)order n. 命令；订购
vt. 命令，指令；订购；点菜；
安排；指导
(2)in (good) order 井井有条；状态良好
out of order 不整齐；状况不佳；出故障
keep order 维持秩序
place an order for sth. 订购某物
to do sth.
that. . . in order为了……(3)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order that. . . 命令……(从句中谓语动词用
“should+动词原形” ，should
可以省略)
order sb. sth. =order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物【巧学助记】 order的一词多义
He ordered his secretary to place an order for 100 books with the bookstore and arrange them in order of size.
他命令秘书去书店订购100本书，并把它们按大小顺序排列。【即学活用】
His mother ordered he ______everything in order before leaving the room, because it is out of order.
A. to put B. would put
C. put D. puts
【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：他妈妈让他离开房间前把房间整理一下，因为太乱了。order后接从句时，从句中常用 “should+动词原形” ，should 可以省略，故选C项。put. . . in order井井有条，整齐有序。2. influential adj. 有影响的
【语境领悟】
①Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
墨子是另一位很有影响力的先哲。
②She has now developed into one of the most influential leaders in the Western World.
现在她已成为西方世界最有影响的领袖之一。【归纳拓展】
(1)be influential in doing sth. 对做某事有影响
(2)influence v. & n. 影响，作用
have an influence on/upon/over 对……有影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下；
在……的作用下
③No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。【即学活用】完成句子。
①那些事实对解决问题有重大的影响。
Those facts _______________________the problem.
②她的粗暴行为着实吓坏了那个小男孩，他一声未吭，立马
跑开了。
Her violent behavior _________________________________
that the boy ran away immediately without saying a word. were influential in solvinghad such an influence on the little boy3. believe in 信仰；信任，信赖
【语境领悟】
①If you believe in him, I certainly will also.
如果你信任他，那我一定也信任他。
②Children sometimes react against the thing their parents believe in.
孩子们有时反对他们的父母相信的事情。
③I don’t believe that everyone believes in God.
我相信，并非每个人都信仰上帝。【易混辨析】【即学活用】
①我信任你，因此我相信你所说的话。
I _________you, so I ______ what you say.
②你要相信自己，否则你永远都成功不了。
You’ve got to _________yourself, or you’ll never succeed. believe inbelievebelieve in4. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. 但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。
【句式分析】
本句中的a time表示 “一段时间” ，后面接定语从句时，常用when或 “at/during/. . . ＋which” 引导定语从句, 可译为 “一个……的时期” 。There is/was a time when. . . 有一段时间……①This was a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or TV sets.
在那个时代，没有收音机、电话，也没有电视机。
②There was a time when talking about the weather was a safe topic of conversation.
曾有一段时间，天气是一个安全的谈论话题。【即学活用】
曾经有那么一段时间，我们晚上从不用锁家门。
____________________we never needed to lock our house at
night. There was a time when5. Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的很相似。
【句式分析】
该句中those替代前面提到的teachings。【归纳拓展】 替代词it, that, those, one (s)
为了避免重复，it, that, those, one (s)都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，但用法不同。
(1)it代替同名同物，可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词。(it=the+单数名词/不可数名词)
(2)that代替同名异物，可替代可数名词单数，也可替代不可数名词。(that=the+单数名词/不可数名词)
(3)those代替前面提到的同名异物，指代复数名词。(those=the+复数名词)(4)one代替同名异物，代替可数名词单数（one=a+单数名词）；ones代替复数名词(ones=复数名词)。
①The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. (that=the weather)北京的天气比广州的冷。
②His ideas are little different from those of his friends. (those=the ideas)他的想法和他朋友们的想法没什么两样。【名师点津】替代特指的可数名词单数可用that/the one; 替代
特指的复数名词可用those/the ones。
The students in our class work harder than ____________in
their class.
我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。those/the ones【即学活用】选词填空(it/that/those/ones)。
①I have lost my umbrella; I’m looking for__.
②There were a few young people and some older_____ in the
house.
③The water in the cup is hotter than _____ in the pot.
④The oranges in the box are better than_____ on the shelf. it ones that thoseⅠ. 单词拼写
1. I can’t find the file I need because they’re all out of _____
（秩序）.
2. Whether or not you’re given a car depends on your _______
（地位）in the company.
3. He ________ (辞职) from the company in order to take a
more challenging job.
4. Boys and girls are _____(平等的)，and thus they should be
treated fairly. orderpositionresignedequal5. The project worked on the ________ (原则) that each
person’s experience was equally valuable.
6. The questions he raised are of first-rate __________（重要）.
7. He often _______ (强调) the importance of information
technology.
8. Eat, drink, and be merry—that’s his __________（哲学）.
9. Don’t worry; you can trust me: I’m a most reliable_______
（顾问）.
10. I want to be an editor of the most _________（有影响力的）
newspaper in Shandong Province. principleimportancestressesphilosophy adviserinfluentialⅡ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. I bought some new shoes which ________________
(与……非常相似) a pair I had before.
2. I believe that man ___________(性本善).
3. The heart attack ___________（与……有关）his car crash
last year.
4. The two sisters are constantly ______(争执) with each other.
5. In the course of study they __________(提出) many
questions. are very similar tois born goodis related toat warbrought up6. Surely you won’t go wrong if you _______________
(听从他的建议).
7. Detroit(底特律) ___________________(由于……而出名) its
automobile industry.
8. __________(结果) he remained unknown and lived away
from his family for more than 20 years. follow his advicebecomes/is famous forAs a resultⅢ. 单项填空
1. （2013·蚌埠高一检测）He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at ______ work.
A. the ; / B. a; / C. /; / D. the; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意：在我们都忙于工作时，他竟然花费这么长时间煲电话粥。talk on the phone打电话，在电话上聊天；be at work 在工作。2. （2013·天津高一检测）Fitness is important in sport，but of at least ______ importance are skills.
A. fair B. reasonable
C. equal D. proper
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。句意：在运动中，体质是重要的，但是比赛技巧至少也同等重要。equal相等的，同等的，符合句意。fair 公正的；reasonable 合理的; proper 合适的, 适当的。3. Our English teacher always ______ the importance of reading aloud.
A. pressures B. stresses
C. praises D. repeats
【解析】选B。考查词语辨析。句意：我们英语老师总是强调大声朗读的重要性。stress 用作动词，意为 “强调” 。pressure 是名词，意为 “压力；压迫” ；praise 意为 “表扬” ；repeat 意为 “重复” 。4. I can’t give you ______ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A. a position B. a charge
C. a rule D. an order
【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。句意：我不能订购你销售的这种汽车，因为市场上对这种车没有（购买）需求。put/place/give an order for sth. 订购……，故选D。【变式训练】
He ordered that the work ______ at once.
A. started B. was started
C. start D. be started
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：他下令立即开展工作。order表示 “命令” ，后跟宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即sb. should do. . . ，其中should可以省略，本句中因为从句的主语为the work，所以应用被动语态(should) be started。5. There was ______ time ______ I hated going to school.
A. a；that B. a；when
C. the；that D. the；when
【解析】选B。考查冠词及定语从句。句意：曾经有那么一段时间，我讨厌去上学。句型为There is/was a time when. . . ，意思是 “曾经有那么一段时间……” ，when引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，不能省略，也不能用that替换，但可用during which替换。6. Things can easily go wrong when people are under ______.
A. stress B. weight C. load D. strength
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意：人们在有压力的情况下，做事容易出差错。stress “压力” ；weight “重量” ；load “负担” ；strength “力量” 。under stress “在压力下” ，故选A。7. The way ______ he worked out the problem isn’t the way ______ I told him.
A. /; / B. which; which
C. /; what D. that; what
【解析】选A。考查关系词。句意：他解决那个问题的方式不是我告诉他的那种方式。第一个the way在定语从句中作状语，其后的引导词可用that/in which/省略三种形式；第二个the way在定语从句中作told的直接宾语，故用that/which/省略三种形式。故选A。8. He ______ his post because he had been offered a better job.
A. resigned B. retired C. dismissed D. fired
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：他辞去了他的工作，因为他找到了更好的工作。resign “辞职” ；retire “退休” ；dismiss “免职，开除” ；fire “解雇” 。由其后的because he had been offered a better job可知A项符合句意。9. When he came back from abroad, his country was ______.
A. at a war B. at war
C. at the war D. on war
【解析】选B。考查固定短语be at war “处于战争状态” 。句意：当他从国外回来时，他的国家正处于战争状态。10. The child ______ in the countryside knows how to ______ animals like dogs, pigs and so on.
A. brought up；raise B. fed；raise
C. raised; bring up D. fed up; bring up
【解析】选A。考查动词及动词短语辨析。句意：在农村长大的孩子知道如何饲养动物，如狗、猪等。第一个空brought up是过去分词作定语，意思是 “被抚养成人” ； “饲养动物” 用raise animals。【变式训练】
You needn’t add any explanation here because the meaning of that word will be ______ very clearly in the next paragraph.
A. picked out B. brought out
C. brought up D. looked up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不用在这儿添加任何解释，因为在下一段中那个词的含义会被讲得很清楚。bring out “阐明” ，符合题意。pick out意为 “挑出来” ；bring up意为 “养育；培养；教育” ；look up意为 “抬头看” 。11. The reason ______ he was late for the meeting was ______ he was held up by traffic jam during rush hours.
A. why; because B. that; that
C. why; that D. that; because
【解析】选C。考查关系词。句意：他开会迟到的原因是他在（上班）高峰期时遇上了交通堵塞。the reason之后的从句中不缺少主语、宾语，根据句意可知reason在从句中作状语，故用关系副词why引导；表语从句是用来解释说明主语的具体内容的，要用that引导，故选C项。12. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______ ？
—No, I’d rather buy ______ in the bookstore.
A. it；one B. one；one
C. one；it D. it；it
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意：——图书馆里还有一本这本书的副本，你去借吗？——不了，我宁愿在书店买一本。第一个空it指代的是前面提到的a copy of the book；第二个空one指代的是书店里同类书中的一本。【变式训练】
（2012·浙江高考）Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【解析】选A。考查代词。句意：研究了温迪快餐的菜单后，我发现许多菜品与麦当劳的相似。those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰, 符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指; any任何一个; all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。13. Computers were______in 1946, and they have become the most important source of information for people now.
A. discovered B. found
C. invented D. founded
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：计算机在1946年被发明，现在已经成为人们最重要的信息来源了。invent指 “发明或创造” 出以前从未存在过的新事物。discover表示 “偶然” 或 “经过努力” 发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物，也可表示发现已为人所知的事物或事物的新的性质或用途。find意为 “找到；发现” ，指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西，着重指找到的结果，其过去分词为found。而founded是动词found的过去分词，意为 “建立；成立” 。14. The news that he was made president of the company was spread______ .
A. from mouth to mouth B. from hand to hand
C. from head to foot D. from morning to night
【解析】选A。考查短语辨析。句意：他当选公司总裁的消息在人们中间传开了。消息的传开应为from mouth to mouth，选A项。15. He ______ his favorite job in the company. It is said that the company ______ in 2005.
A. found; found B. found; founded
C. found; was founded D. found; was found
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：他在一家公司找到了他最喜欢的工作。据说这家公司成立于2005年。found vt. (founded; founded)建立，创建；find vt. (found; found)发现，找到。由句意知应选C项。课件13张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记（根据构词法完成下面空格）
1. adj. +-ness→n.
kind (adj. ) 善良的→________(n. ) 善良，亲切，仁慈
【类记】
sick (adj. ) 有病的→_______ (n. ) 病
selfish (adj. ) 自私的→_________ (n. )自私
happy (adj. ) 高兴的→_________ (n. ) 高兴，幸福
weak (adj. ) 羸弱的→________ (n. )弱点，缺点；软弱
careless (adj. ) 粗心的→___________(n. ) 粗心kindnesssicknessselfishnesshappinessweaknesscarelessness2. v. + -or→n. ……的人
invent (v. ) 发明 → ________ (n. ) 发明家
【类记】
visit (v. ) 参观→______ (n. ) 参观者
create (v. ) 创造→_______ (n. ) 创造者
direct (v. ) 指导→_______ (n. ) 指挥
collect (v. ) 收集→________ (n. ) 收藏家
instruct (v. ) 指导→_________(n. ) 教员/指导者inventorvisitorcreatordirectorcollectorinstructorⅡ. 连词成句（用本模块的词汇完成句子，每空一词）
1. 孔子，一位非常有影响力的哲学家，强调友善、职责和秩
序在一个社会中的重要性。
Confucius, who was a very _________ ___________, _______
the __________ of ________, duty and _____ in society.
2. 孟子，是另一位同意孔子学说的伟大的思想家。当他从一
个重要的职位上辞职后，他成了另一个统治者的幕僚。
Mencius was another great _______ who agreed with
Confucius’ ________. After he ________ from an important
_______, he became an _______ to another ruler. influentialphilosopherstressedimportancekindnessorderthinkerprincipleresignedpositionadviser3. 今天，我们就人应该所具有的品质进行了一次辩论。我认
为公正和诚实是最重要的。
Today we had an _________about some characters of a person.
I think ______ and _______ are the most important.
4. 我知道正是毕升发明了造纸术，他为我们国家的发展做出
了巨大的贡献。
I know it is Bi Sheng that first ________papermaking, who
made a great ___________ to the development of our country. argumentjusticehonestyinventedcontributionⅢ. 句式点拨
1. 孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。（True or False）
（1）Mencius believed that the reason for man is different
from animals is because man is good. （ ）
（2）Mencius believed that the reason why man is different
from animals is that man is good. （ ）
【思路点拨】
由句意知reason后跟的是定语从句，且在其中作状语，故应
该用why/for which引导，从而组成the reason why. . . is
that. . . 句式，并且在正式文体中常用that不用because。FT【句式训练】
她没来上学的原因是她病了。
___________________________________________________The reason why she didn’t come to school is that she was ill.2. 汽车是在19世纪末首次投入使用的，并且和马一样跑得都
不快。（True or False）
（1）Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century,
and were no faster than a horse. ( )
（2）Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century,
and were not faster than a horse. （ ）
【思路点拨】
由句意知，该句想表达的意思是 “和……一样都不……” ，即
no+比较级+than结构。而 “A is not+比较级+than B” 表示 “A
不如B……” ，故（2）不符合句意，错误。TF【句式训练】
他的英语跟我的一样差。
______________________________His English is no better than mine.3. 在某些方面，他的信念跟孔子的相似。（True or False）
（1）In some ways, his beliefs were similar to that of
Confucius. （ ）
（2）In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of
Confucius. （ ）
【思路点拨】
在指代前边提到的名词时，如果是不可数名词或the+可数名
词单数，用that替代；如果是a/an+可数名词单数，用one替
代；如果是可数名词复数，则用those或the ones替代。此句
中前边提到的beliefs用those，而不用that代替，因此（1）错
误而（2）正确。FT【句式训练】
农村的空气比城市里的清新。
______________________________________________________The air in the countryside is much fresher than that in the city.
