课件56张PPT。 Module 6 Old and New
Grammar
非限制性定语从句以及定语从句的简化【探究寻规】
用关系词(which/ who/ as/ whom/where )完成下列句子，并观
察在下列句子中所作的成分。
1. The Three Gorges Dam is the biggest construction
project in China, ______ will generate a large amount
of energy. ( )
2. Mao Zedong wrote a poem about a dam across the
Yangtze River, ____ is a great leader of China. ( )which从句的主语who从句的主语3. They have a son and two daughters, all of ______ live in the
city. ( )
4. ___ you know, this is the day when the quake happened five
years ago. ( )
5. Qingdao is a beautiful city, ______ I’ll pay a six-day visit.
( ) whom从句的主语As从句的宾语where从句的地点状语【语法精点】
Ⅰ. 非限制性定语从句
一、基础点拨
非限制性定语从句是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。引导词也可以是介词+which (whom, whose)，但在固定短语里，介词一般是不可分开而提前用于该结构的。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。
﹡We walked down the village street, where the villagers were having market day. (where引导的非限制性定语从句)
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 ﹡A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. (which引导的非限制性定语从句 )
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到惊讶。
﹡We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy. (when引导的非限制性定语从句 )
我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。 ﹡Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. (who引导的非限制性定语从句 )
鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。
﹡He spoke of a penfriend, the name of whom/whose name I’ve never forgotten. (of whom/whose引导的非限制性定语从句 )
他提到一个笔友，那个笔友的名字我从来没有忘记。 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。 *The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. (who引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 )住在我们隔壁的那个人卖菜。
*This is George, whose class you will be taking. (whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语 )这是乔治，你将接手他的班级。
*Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. (which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 )足球是一项非常有趣的运动，世界各地都踢足球。 *Mr Smith, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments. (介词+whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语 )我曾为史密斯先生工作，他在付加班费方面很大方。 二、难点突破
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别： *As can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased.
从他的表情可以看出来，他非常高兴。(as引导的定语从句位于句首，此处不能用which )
﹡He came to my birthday, which I didn’t expect at all.
我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。(从句中的谓语动词是否定结构，这时关系代词只能用which，而不可以用as )【名师点津】 as通常用于以下句式中：
as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspapers。
*He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. (as在从句中作主语 )他忘了带笔，这是常事。
*He is absorbed in work, as he often was. (as在从句中作表语 )他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。 Ⅱ. 定语从句的简化
1. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。
*The dam (that ) we saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam. 我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。
2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略。
*I met a man (whom ) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。 3. 定语从句简化为分词短语。
一般情况下，在定语从句中，如果谓语动词是主动语态，从句转化为现在分词短语；如果谓语动词是被动语态，则从句转化为过去分词短语。
*The girl who is reading English aloud is my younger sister.
→The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister.
大声朗读英语的是我妹妹。
*I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li.
→I have heard the report made by Professor Li.
我听了李教授所做的报告。 4. 定语从句简化为不定式短语。
如果定语从句中的谓语是一般将来时或先行词前有序数词或last，only等修饰语时，该从句往往简化为不定式结构。
*Mary is the only person that can save me from danger.
→Mary is the only person to save me from danger.
玛丽是唯一一个从危难中解救我的人。 5. 定语从句简化为 “介词+which+不定式” 的形式。
*The farmers use wood to build a house in which they can store grain. →The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain. (in which不可用where代替 )
农民用木头建造房子用来储存粮食。 6. 定语从句简化为形容词短语。
如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语，则该定语从句可简化为形容词短语。
*The bottle which is full of milk is on the table. →The bottle full of milk is on the table. 装满牛奶的瓶子在桌子上。
7. 定语从句简化为介词短语。
如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语，该从句常可简化为介词短语。
*The apples which are in the box are bad. →The apples in the box are bad. 箱子里的苹果是坏的。【名师点津】以下定语从句不能简化：
①定语从句的谓语动词是现在完成式的主动语态。
*The man who has finished the work is Jack.
完成工作的那个人是杰克。
②定语从句中的谓语动词含有情态动词。
*The professor who can speak French is from France.
会说法语的教授来自法国。③定语从句的谓语动词是一般过去式的主动语态。比较：
*The man who gave us a talk was his father.
给我们做报告的那个人是他父亲。(做报告为过去的事 )
*The man giving us a talk was his father. (做报告的动作正在进行 )正在给我们做报告的那个人是他父亲。 【高考体验】
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句做题四部曲：
1. 分析句式结构，明确限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 ；
2. 明确定语从句中所缺少的句子成分；
3. 明确选项中引导词在定语从句中的作用；
4. 确定从句的先行词。1. (2013·山东高考 )There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
解题关键：本题后半句应为非限制性定语从句。
思路分析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：没有一个简单的答案，这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，代替前面的情况，意为 “正如，正像” 。2. (2013·安徽高考 )Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
思路分析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的内容，关系代词which在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3. (2013·重庆高考 )John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
思路分析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：约翰邀请了大约40人来参加他的婚礼，其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为40 people，在定语从句中作of的宾语并指人，用关系代词whom，故选D；A项为代词，放入之后前后为两个完整的句子，两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开，需在两句中间加入连词才对；B项that一般不放在介词后面；C项which指代物。
知识拓展：英语中逗号前后两个句子之间是必须有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前后句子间没有连词的话，这个句子就是错误的。4. (2013·江苏高考 )The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
思路分析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国，这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。 此句中passion(热爱，激情 )为先行词，在定语从句中starting之后缺少宾语，因此排除A、D两项，when和where为关系副词，不能充当主语或宾语。C项的what不能引导定语从句，故选B。5. (2011·江苏高考 )Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
解题关键：interval在从句中作时间状语
思路分析：选A。句意：音乐会的两部分之间会有一次中场休息，这时观众可以购买冰激凌。由句式结构可知，该从句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词为an interval。选项A when可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。6. (2011·陕西高考 )I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
解题关键：the top of the hill在句子中作地点状语
思路分析：选B。句意：我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了湖的美景。由句式结构可知，该从句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，先行词为the top of the hill。选项B where可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。易错误区：选项C who可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，指人。学生易误选C，把my friends当作了先行词。此题中的先行词与定语从句分隔开来，做题时应从句式结构和句意上去判断哪个是先行词。7. (2012·福建高考)The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
思路分析：选C。句意：正如报告里所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到了改善。本句把定语从句分隔出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成______is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months. 就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话，用as引导 “正如报告里所显示的那样” 。8. (2011·浙江高考 )English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
思路分析：选A。句意：英语是一种被几种不同文化共享的语言，其中每一种文化使用英语时都多少有些不同。
分析句式结构可知本句是一个非限制性定语从句，从句的先行词是cultures；从句的主语为 “each of ______” ，谓语动词为uses，宾语是it，somewhat differently副词短语作状语，显然从句缺少主语 “each of______” 中of的宾语。选项A which可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作of的宾语。9. (2012·辽宁高考 )The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ______ the main road at the far end of the lake.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
思路分析：选C。Well宾馆坐落在湖的远远的尽头的一个安静的地方，那里远离主干道。这里off the main road作定语修饰place，相当于定语从句which is off the main road。off 意思是 “离开……, 隔着……” ，表示 “与……隔着一定的距离” 。10. (2012·山东高考 )After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
思路分析：选B。句意：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。Ⅰ. 单项填空
1. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ______ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when
C. on which D. which
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：人类正一天天地破坏着大自然，而这当然迟早会受到大自然的严惩。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，在从句中作主语。2. Three minutes of silence on May 19th were kept to mourn for those ______ died in the earthquake.
A. what B. whom C. who D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：五月十九号的三分钟默哀被保持了下来，以缅怀那些在地震中逝去的生命。在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词用who。3. Michael Phelps, ______ the feet are bigger than others, won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games.
A. whose B. whom
C. of who D. of whom
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少定语，所以用of whom。此题容易误选A。因为缺少定语，马上想到选whose，但是句中有the。即the feet of whom相当于whose feet。4. The man ______ was a friend of mine.
A. you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：你刚刚与之说话的那个人是我的一个朋友。whom引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语时，可省略。5. The scientists went into a large house ______ gold and treasure by chance.
A. was full of B. was filled with
C. full of D. that filled with
【解析】选C。考查形容词短语作定语。句意：那些科学家偶然走进一间充满金银财宝的大房子。形容词短语作后置定语修饰house。这里full of. . . =which is full of. . . 。6. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
【解析】选A。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：吉姆通过了驾照考试，这使得办公室的人大为吃惊。从句中缺少作主语的关系代词which。that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，this和it不可用于引导从句。7. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003， ______ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time B. or which time
C. during whose time D. by that time【解析】选A。考查介词＋which引导非限制性定语从句。句意：从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这(4年 )期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席。由题意和所缺词前面的逗号可判定题干是含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是表示一个时间段的短语from 1999 to 2003；所缺词的意思为 “在这期间” ，故选A项。8. Her sister has become a lawyer， ______ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
【解析】选D。考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：她姐姐成为了一名律师，而那也是她一直想成为的。先行词为表示职业的名词——a lawyer。who指代人；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what只能引导名词性从句。9. The Science Museum， ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
【解析】选Ａ。考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Science Museum，并且关系词在从句中作visited的宾语。what不引导定语从句；that不引导非限制性定语从句；where是关系副词，不作宾语，故选A。10. He is good at English, ______ we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
【解析】选B。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，他擅长英语。 as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。as指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中，as作宾语。11. The number of the people who ______ cars ______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is
C. own; is D. own; are
【解析】选C。考查定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导的定语从句的先行词是people，因此，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是the number of指 “……的数目” ，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。12. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he could see ______ was going on inside the house.
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C. through that; what
D. what; that【解析】选B。考查介词＋which引导定语从句和宾语从句。句意：那个聪明的男孩在墙上弄了个洞，通过这个洞，他可以看到房间里发生的事情。through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole，在定语从句中作状语。what引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。13. I shall never forget those years ______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; which
【解析】选D。years是表示时间的名词, 用when引导定语从句, when在从句中作时间状语。第二个空选用which, 引导一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词也是those years, which在从句中作主语。14. (2013·济南高一检测)It’s based on the idea ______ all people are created equal, ______ is accepted by most people.
A. that; that B. which; which
C. which; when D. that; which
【解析】选D。考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：这建立在人人生来平等的观点上，大部分人都能接受。第一个空that引导的是同位语从句，从句完整，不缺成分。第二个空引导的是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。Ⅱ. 补全下列含有定语从句的句子
1. He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, ______
pleased her a lot.
2. ___ is said above，the number of the students in our school
has increased．
3. Write a letter to a friend, ____ has some difficulties with his
studies．
4. There are four rooms in the house, ___________ is a
drawing room． whichAswhoone of which5. We will move into the new house next week, _____ it will be
completed．
6. He is a model worker, __________ we can learn a lot．
7. The workers, ____ stayed there for two years, came from
Africa．
8. Jim changed his mind, ______ made me very angry.
9. We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, ______
story I’ve just told you．
10. He has two sons, _______________ lives with him. whenfrom whomwhowhichwhoseneither of whomⅢ. 将下列句子转换为定语从句的简化形式
1. You need someone who can look after you.
→You need someone ___________ you．
2. The book which is written by my father is my favourite.
→The book __________________ is my favourite.
3. The boy who is in blue is my brother.
→The boy ______ is my brother.
4. The company wants employees who have experience.
→The company wants employees ______________. to look afterwritten by my fatherin bluewith experience5. The puppy, which was too excited to be calmed, barked
furiously.
→The puppy, _____________________, barked furiously.
6. The problem which is bothering everybody is the lack of
money.
→The problem __________________ is the lack of money.
7. The book that has been given to him is an English novel.
→The book ___________ is an English novel.
8. They live in a room that faces the sea.
→They live in a room ____________.too excited to be calmedbothering everybodygiven to himfacing the sea课件105张PPT。 Module 6 Old and New
Integrating Skills Ⅰ. 速记单词(写出下列单词或拓展形式 )
1. _____(vi. )(飞机)失事；坠毁
2. freeze(v. )结冰；冻结→_______(adj. )冷冰冰的；极冷的；
冷淡的→______(adj. )结冰的；冷冻的；冷淡的
3. _________(adj. )荒唐的；可笑的→___________ (adv. )荒
唐地；可笑地；荒谬地→ridicule(v. )嘲笑；讥笑crashfreezingfrozenridiculousridiculously4. _________(adj. )巨大的；庞大的→enormously (adv. )巨大
地，庞大地；非常地；在极大程度上
5. ___________(n. )观察台；气象台；天文台→observe (v. )观
察；遵守；评论
6. fog (n. )雾；烟雾→_____(adj. )有浓雾的；朦胧的
→______(adj. )有雾的；不清晰的enormousobservatoryfoggyfoggedⅡ. 短语互译
1. 移去，拿掉；带走，拿走 _________
2. 讲得通，有意义 __________
3. 偏爱做某事 ______________
4. 使……结束 _________________
5. 在20世纪90年代 ___________take awaymake senseprefer to do sth.bring an end to sth.in the 1990s6. 冲入，闯进；撞到 _________
7. a large amount of _______
8. cross out _____
9. go up ___________
10. be on a visit _________
11. end with ___________crash into大量的删除上升，上涨在访问中以……结束Ⅲ．完成句子
1. 住在这个村子里的人们已经搬到了其他地方。
The people _________________ have moved to other places.
(现在分词作定语 )
2. 想到当我的祖父母住在这个村子里的时候，这儿根本没有
水库，的确令人称奇！
____________________that, when my grandparents lived in
the village, there wasn’t a reservoir there at all!(It is adj. to
do sth. )living in the villageIt was strange to think3. 你认为现在世界上为什么有如此多的高楼大厦？
________________________ so many tall buildings in the
world now? (do you think用作插入语 )
4. 直到1972年纽约建立起世贸大厦，它一直是世界上最高的
建筑物。
It was the tallest building in the world ___________________
_______________in New York in 1972. (until的用法 ) Why do you think there areuntil the World TradeCentre was built1. freezing adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的
【语境领悟】
①It’s very cold today; the temperature has dropped to freezing point.
今天很冷，温度降到了冰点。
②I must put a warm sweater on because I’m freezing.
我冻坏了，我得穿件暖和的毛衣。 【归纳拓展】
(1)freeze (froze; frozen)
vi. 结冰, 凝固；感到极冷; 冻僵
vt. 使结冰, 使凝固, 使冻住；冷冻保存(食物)
freeze (sb.) to death (把某人)冻死
(2)below freezing 冰点以下
above freezing 冰点以上
the freezing point 冰点
(3)frozen meat 冻肉
be frozen to death 被冻死③Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil. 华盛顿作出的反应是冻结国内的石油价格。
【巧学助记】 梯度记忆温度的等级变化【即学活用】用freeze的适当形式填空。
①在如此寒冷的天气里我感到刺骨的寒冷，我快被冻僵了。
I feel _______ cold in such _______ weather, and I’m half
______. freezingfreezingfrozen②On a ______ morning the little match girl was found ______ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing; freezing B. freezing; frozen
C. frozen; frozen D. frozen; freezing
【解析】选B。考查形容词。句意：在一个寒冷的早晨，人们发现这个卖火柴的小女孩在街上的拐角处被冻僵了。freezing极冷的；frozen冻坏的。根据句意可知选B。 2. crash v. (飞机 )失事；坠毁；碰撞；(计算机 )死机
n. 碰撞；坠落；撞击声；爆炸声
【语境领悟】
①In 1945, a US military plane, which was flying over Manhattan on a foggy day, crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.
1945年的一个雾天，美国的一架军用飞机在曼哈顿上空飞行时，撞入了78层之上的楼层中。②He lost his balance on the ice and went crashing into the crowd. 他在冰上失去了平衡，撞入了人群中。
③The system crashed at nine this morning, so we haven’t been able to do anything.
今天上午9点，系统瘫痪了，因此我们什么也做不了了。
④The car hit the tree with a crash, causing two deaths and one injury. 汽车轰隆一声撞到树上，导致两死一伤。【归纳拓展】
crash into 撞到(进 )……
with a crash 轰隆(哗啦，咔嚓 )一声
【巧学助记】 不同程度的 “破裂” 【即学活用】完成句子。
①不要突然刹车，那样后面的车子会很容易撞上你。
Don’t brake suddenly. The car behind might _________ you
easily.
②那棵树哗啦一声倒了。
The tree fell ___________. crash intowith a crash3. the last time 上次
【语境领悟】
①What had changed since the last time she was there?
自从上次她去那儿后，那里发生了什么变化？【归纳拓展】引导时间状语从句的特殊结构。
(1)the moment, the instant, the minute
一……就……
(2)the+序数词/last/next+time
(3)each/every time 每次，每当……的时候
(4)immediately, directly 一……就……
②I understood everything the minute I saw her face.
我一看到她的脸，就一切都明白了。③He was writing a letter the first time I saw him.
我第一次看到他时，他正在写信。
④The next time you are here, let’s have supper together.
下次你到这儿来时，咱们一起吃晚饭。
⑤Each time I see you, I will remember the happy time we spent together. 每次我见到你的时候，我都会想起我们在一起度过的美好时光。
⑥I recognized him immediately I saw him.
我一看到他，就立刻认出他了。【即学活用】
I remember that ______ we met I did most of the talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.
A. the last time B. for the last time
C. every time when D. by the time 【解析】选A。考查时间状语从句的引导词。句意：我记得我们上次见面时主要是我说话，所以或许这次我应该让你说了。the last time 连词，意为 “上次……的时候” ；for the last time介词短语，意为 “最后一次” ；every time连词，意为 “每次，每当……的时候” ；by the time (that)作连词，意为 “到……时候” 。依据句意可知连词the last time为正确答案。4. take away 除去；拿走；消除；减去；夺走；带走
【语境领悟】
①If you take away the attributive clauses，do the sentences still make sense?
如果你把定语从句去掉，这些句子还讲得通吗？
②Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters took away all her beautiful dresses.
灰姑娘的继母和继姐们把她的漂亮衣服都拿走了。③The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain. 医生给了她一些止疼药片。
④Take away 2 from 4 and you get 2.
四减二等于二。
⑤Take away my good name, take away my life.
夺去了美名也就夺去了生命。
⑥I’m afraid you have to take away rubbish.
恐怕你不得不带走垃圾。⑦The child with H7N9 was taken away from his parents.
那个感染H7N9的小孩被与父母隔离了。
【归纳拓展】
take down 拿下，取下；记下来
take in 包含，包括；消化，吸收
take off 脱去(衣服)；(飞机)起飞; (事业)腾飞
take on 呈现；承担
take out 拿出
take up 占据(时间/空间)【即学活用】用take短语完成句子。
①这项工作占用了大半个星期天。
The job _______ most of Sunday.
②医生说我疲劳过度，劝我不要再干更多的工作。
My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to ____
any more work ___.
③正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始走红了。
It was at this point that her acting career really _______.
④我费了好长时间才弄明白你所说的话。
It took me a long time to ______ what you were saying. took uptakeontook offtake in5. make sense 讲得通；有意义，有道理；可理解
【语境领悟】
①It just doesn’t make sense—why would she do such a thing?这真是无法解释——她为什么会做这样的事情？
【归纳拓展】
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不
a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默感/责任感
There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义②Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
狗有很好的嗅觉，常常用于搜寻地震中的幸存者。
③There is no sense in getting upset about it now.
现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。【易混辨析】
④ What he said just now makes no sense to me.
＝I make no sense of what he said just now.
我没明白他刚才说的话。【即学活用】完成句子。
①决不能允许人们猎杀野生动物以获取它们的肉或皮毛。
__________ are people allowed to hunt wild animals for their
meat or fur.
②从某种意义上说，你的特色就在于你的幽默感。
_________, your personality lies in your sense of humor. In no senseIn a sense③(2011·新课标全国卷) Planning so far ahead ______ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made
【解析】选C。考查动词的时态。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义——到明年许多事情会发生变化的。前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语现在的特征或状态。6. a large amount of 大量的
【语境领悟】
①A large amount of damage was done in a short time.
短期内造成大量损害。
②Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
在这座桥上花了大量资金。【归纳拓展】③Large quantities of people are going for the gold for the price of gold is going down these days.
近段时间由于金价的回落，大量的人正在抢金。
【名师点津】(1)a large amount of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；但amounts of＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
(2)一般来说, a quantity of 后接名词作主语时，谓语动词与of后名词的数保持一致。而quantities of 后接名词作主语时，后面的谓语都用复数形式。【即学活用】
Though we have been staying up for days, there’s still ______ work remaining to be done.
A. a good many B. a plenty of
C. a large amount of D. a large number of
【解析】选C。考查词组辨析。句意：尽管我们已经熬夜好几天了，但仍旧有大量的工作没做完。a good many后接可数名词；plenty of意为 “许多” ，前面不加a，既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词；a large amount of许多，大量的，后接不可数名词；a large number of后接可数名词。7. cross out 删除(错字、句子等)
【语境领悟】
①Cross out the relative pronouns where possible.
在可能的地方省略关系代词。
②You had better cross out all the needless words in your composition. 你最好把你作文中一切不必要的字句都删掉。
【归纳拓展】
cross off (从名单或清单上)画掉，删掉
cross one’s fingers 祈求成功③If you don’t want to come, cross your name off.
如果你不想来，把你的名字删掉。
④I’m crossing my fingers that my proposal will be accepted. 但愿我的建议能被采纳。【即学活用】
Why did you _____ the last line of your letter?
A. put out B. take out
C. cross out D. give out
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：为什么你将信中最后一行删掉了呢？cross out删除(错字、句子等)，符合句意。put out 扑灭(火等)；take out 取出，拿出；give out分发，泄露。8. bring an end to 结束；终止
【语境领悟】
①The Three Gorges Dam is a hydro-electric project which has brought an end to the danger of flooding.
= The Three Gorges Dam is a hydro-electric project which has brought the danger of flooding to an end.
三峡大坝是一个水力发电工程，它结束了洪水成灾的历史。【归纳拓展】
bring/put an end to sth.
＝bring/put sth. to an end 结束，终止
come to an end 结束，完毕
make ends meet 量入为出；使收支相抵
in the end 最后，最终
from beginning to end 从头到尾②Since Mike lost his job, we can hardly make ends meet.
自从迈克失业以后，我们简直难以维持生计。
③We had to hear about the whole journey from beginning to end.
我们只好从头到尾把整个旅行情况听完。【即学活用】完成句子。
①两个小时过去了，他们结束了会议，可是并没有做出决定。
After two hours the meeting _____________, but they didn’t
make a decision.
②我坐下来，把情况从头到尾讲了一遍。
I sat and recounted the story ___________________. came to an endfrom beginning to end③Winning the competition ______ his financial problems.
A. was an end B. came to an end
C. brought an end to D. put an end
【解析】选C。考查end短语。句意：赢得比赛结束了他的财政问题。come to an end结束，为不及物动词短语，其后不跟宾语；put an end to结束，但D项表达不对；bring an end to结束，为及物动词短语，其后跟宾语。9. The valley is now part of the reservoir created by the Three Gorges Dam. The people living in the village have moved to other places. 这个山谷现在已成为三峡大坝所形成的水库的一部分。住在这个村子里的人们已经迁到了其他地方。
【句式分析】
(1)第一句中为过去分词作后置定语，该句中created by the Three Gorges Dam 相当于定语从句which is created by the Three Gorges Dam。(2)第二句中为现在分词作后置定语，该句中living in the village相当于who lived in the village。
①Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
②The workers (who are) working in the factory are well-paid.
在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好。【归纳拓展】
(1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义。
(2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。【即学活用】
(2013·辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her.
A. waited B. to wait
C. waiting D. was waiting
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：Laura离家去巴黎待了一周多。当她回家时，有一大堆邮件在等着她。mail和wait之间是主谓关系，故用-ing形式作后置定语。10. Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?
你认为现在世界上为什么有如此多的高楼大厦？
【句式分析】
(1)本句中do you think为插入语，该用法常见于以下结构：疑问词+do you think+陈述语序?
(2)think还可换为believe, suggest, imagine, guess等动词。①Who do you guess will come here this afternoon?
你猜今天下午谁会来？
②It is no way, I think, that we should finish the task in such a short time.
我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
【名师点津】 do you think作插入语时的判断
如果在疑问句中，do you think紧跟在疑问词之后，且其后的成分采用了陈述语序的话，此时它就是插入语。
How old do you think she is? (how old为疑问词，而she is为陈述语序。)【即学活用】
Who do you think ______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving
【解析】选C。考查疑问词+do you think+陈述语序结构。句意：你认为今天下午谁会给我们做演讲？do you think 是一个插入语，将其去掉的话，剩余部分用陈述语序。 1. prefer v. 宁可，宁愿；更喜欢
【语境领悟】
①There are many people who prefer to live in villages.
有许多人喜欢住在乡村。
②He prefers staying at home to going to the boring movies.
他宁愿待在家里，也不愿去看令人厌烦的电影。
③I prefer to go out for a walk rather than stay here.
我宁愿出去散步，也不愿待在这里。【归纳拓展】
(1)prefer to do sth. 喜欢做某事
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.
宁愿(做)……而不愿(做)……
(两者比较，更偏爱前者)
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)preference n. 偏爱，喜欢
have/show a preference for 喜爱，喜欢……
in preference to 而不是④Parents should not show a preference for any one of their children.
父母不应该流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。【即学活用】
①I would ______ to live in the US, but I can’t get a visa.
A. prefer B. offer C. present D. provide
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：我更喜欢住在美国，但是我却不能得到签证。prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事，依据句意以及动词搭配，可知选项A符合题意。offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；present sb. sth. =present sth. to sb. 赠送某物给某人；provide sth. for sb. =provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物。②(2010·湖北高考)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为政府官员，用给人民做了好事作为交换向他们索要礼物或金钱，这是非法的。in preference to而不是；in place of取代，代替；in agreement with同意，与……保持一致；in exchange for作为……的交换。根据句意，可知选项D符合题意。2. affect vt. 影响；感动
【语境领悟】
①Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know?
三峡大坝影响到你所在的地区或你认识的人的生活了吗？
②The music affected her deeply. 音乐深深打动了她。【归纳拓展】
effect n. 效果；影响
have an effect on 对……有作用/影响
side effect 副作用
in effect 实际上；有效
take effect 生效；起作用
cause and effect 因果关系；原因与结果
③Everything that happens has a cause and effect.
事情发生了, 就会有它的前因后果。【即学活用】
①大街上传来的噪音影响了我们的工作。
The noise from the street _______ our work．
②她的病对工作有很不好的影响。
Her illness has ______________ on her work.
③这条新法律五月一日起生效。
The new law will _________ on May 1. affectedhad a bad effecttake effect3. strike v. 袭击；打；打动；(钟)打点，(突然)想起；罢工；划(火柴)
【语境领悟】
①Lightning strikes the Empire State Building about 500 times a year. 雷电一年击中帝国大厦约500次。
②A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck/hit.
闪电打下来之后引起一场森林大火。
③Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁，趁机行事。④I am still struck by the natural beauty of the lake.
我仍然为湖泊的自然美所吸引。
⑤Does this clock strike the quarters？
这只钟每过一刻钟时敲吗？
⑥A good idea struck me (occurred to me) while I was walking along the river.
我在河边散步时突然有了一个好主意。
⑦The workers planned to strike for higher pay.
工人们计划为涨工资而罢工。⑧She struck a match and lit the lamp.
她划了根火柴，点亮了灯。
【巧学助记】【即学活用】
I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea ______ me.
A. beat B. struck C. attacked D. caught
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：对这个字谜我正想放弃努力呢，突然想起了一个好主意。a good idea strikes/struck me我突然想起了一个好主意；beat(连续地、反复地)击打；attack攻击，袭击；catch抓住。依据句意与词汇惯用法，选项B符合题意。4. ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的；荒谬的
【语境领悟】
①It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow. 预言明天太阳将不会升起是荒唐可笑的。
②It’s the most ridiculous thing I’ve ever heard in my life.
这是我一生中所听说过的最可笑的事情。
【归纳拓展】
ridiculously adv. 可笑地，荒谬地
③The meal was ridiculously expensive.
这顿饭贵得离谱。【即学活用】
It seems quite ______ to expect a student to acquire so many fresh skills within such a short period.
A. urgent B. available C. scary D. ridiculous
【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。句意：期盼一个学生在这么短的时期就能学会那么多的新技巧似乎太可笑了。
ridiculous意为 “荒谬的; 可笑的” ，符合题意。urgent 意为 “急迫的” ；available 意为 “可用的” ；scary 意为 “可怕的” 。5. used to do 过去常常做(某事)
【语境领悟】
①The village is near the lake. My grandparents used to live in it.
村子在湖附近。我的祖父母过去住在这个村子里。
②He used to do a lot of drinking but has given it up now.
他过去常常喝酒，但现在戒掉了。【归纳拓展】③This kind of knife can be used to cut meat.
这种刀能用来切肉。
④He is used to eating out all the time.
他习惯一直在外面吃饭。
⑤She would say “No pains，no gains” when she used to be a teacher.
当她还是一位老师时，她常说 “不劳无获” 。【名师点津】
used not/ usedn’t to do sth.
did not/didn’t use to do sth.
Used +主语+ to do sth. ？
Did +主语+ use to do sth. ？疑问式否定式【即学活用】完成句子。
①妈妈过去不那么忘事的。
Mother __________ be so forgetful.
②那位妇女过去过着艰苦的生活，不是吗？
The woman used to live a hard life, ____________________?used not todidn’t she/ usedn’t she③(2013·舟山高一检测)Many off-farm workers ______ live in the country; but now they have ______ in the city.
A. used to; been used to living
B. was used to; used to live
C. used to; been used to live
D. was used to; used to living
【解析】选A。句意：许多农民工过去住在农村，但现在他们已经习惯住在城市了。used to do过去常常，但现在不这样了；be used to doing习惯于做某事。6. It was strange to think that, when my grandparents lived in the village, there wasn’t a reservoir there at all!
我祖父母在那个村庄生活时，那儿一座水库都没有，想到那些真感到不可思议！
【句式分析】①It was surprising to hear that Tom has passed the test.
听到汤姆通过了测试，这使我们大吃一惊。
②It is strange to find such beauty in these forgotten places. 真奇怪在这些被人遗忘的地方发现了如此美景。【即学活用】完成句子。
看到他步行上班，很是奇怪。
________________________ he goes to work on foot. It’s very strange to see that7. It was the tallest building in the world until the World Trade Centre was built in New York in 1972.
直到1972年纽约建立起世贸大厦，它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。
【句式分析】
该句中until引导时间状语从句，表示 “直到……” 。
①We discussed the problem until they came back.
我们讨论那个问题一直到他们回来。
②We didn’t discuss the problem until they came back.
直到他们回来我们才讨论那个问题。③His parents didn’t go to bed until he came back.
直到他回来他的父母才上床睡觉。
【名师点津】
(1)当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，既可用肯定形式也可用否定形式，但意义不同。
(2)但若主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，则只能用否定形式。
(3)not. . . until. . . 常用于两种句式：倒装句和强调句。The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died out.
直到河里的鱼都死光了之后村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
→Not until the fish in the river died out did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (倒装句)
→It was not until the fish in the river died out that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was. (强调句)【即学活用】
①(2013·福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship ______ the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B. did he realize
C. he realized D. he had realized
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：直到他经历了真正的艰难困苦，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。not until属于否定意义的词，放在句首，主句要用部分倒装，根据句意可知realize这一动作应发生在went through之后，故用一般过去时，因此选B。②(2013·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
【解析】选A。考查强调句。句意：快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。分析句子可推断此处考查not until的强调句，形式是 “it is/was not until. . . that. . . ” ，故选A。Ⅰ. 根据汉语提示填入适当的词
1. He had to admit that he had made a _________(可笑的)
mistake.
2. Leave a basin of water outside in _______(冰冻的)weather.
3. An _________(巨大的)gap remains between the developed
countries and the developing countries.
4. They reported their find about a special ___________(天文
台). ridiculousfreezingenormousobservatory5. It’s cold and _____(有浓雾的)in London at this time of the
year.
6. He lost most of his money when the stock market _______
(崩溃)in 2013. foggycrashedⅡ. 单项填空
1. (2013·西安高一检测)We ______ to bed ______ midnight and had to get up at 4 a. m. , so we were exhausted.
A. went； until B. didn’t go； until
C. go； at D. didn’t go； at
【解析】选B。考查not. . . until. . . 。句意：我们直到半夜才去睡觉，还不得不在凌晨4点起床，因此我们都非常疲劳。go to bed为短暂性动词，故其前需加not与until连用，译为 “直到……才……” 。【变式训练】
(2013·滨州高一检测)It was not until midnight ______ they reached the camp site.
A. that B. when C. while D. as
【解析】选A。考查not until的强调句型。句意：直到半夜他们才到达宿营地。对until短语进行强调时，常常把not也一起提前进行强调。该句把It was及空缺处去掉后的正常句式为：they didn’t reach the camp site until midnight. 。2. (2013·宜宾高一检测)—Why are you going to New York by car instead of by train?
—To go there in his car can save ______ time and money.
A．a good many B．a number of
C．dozens of D．a large amount of
【解析】选D。考查量词用法。句意：——你们为何要乘汽车而不是乘火车去纽约呢？——乘他的车去那里可以节省不少时间和金钱。time与money皆为不可数名词，故只能用D项a large amount of修饰；其他三项都只跟可数名词复数。3. (2013·唐山高一检测)Look! There’s nothing left here. Everything ______ ．
A．had been taken away B．will be taken away
C．is being taken away D．has been taken away
【解析】选D。考查时态。句意：看！这里什么东西都没剩下。所有的东西都被拿走了。因上句用了一般现在时态，故下句也应该用现在时的某种时态，由句意知东西已被拿走，故用现在完成时的被动语态。4. An awful thought has just ______ me.
A. struck B. attacked C. beat D. fought
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：我突然有一个可怕的念头。strike意为 “突然想起……” ；attack意为 “打，攻打，攻击” ；beat意为 “打，打败” ；fight意为 “打架，斗争” 。5. (2013·宁波高一检测)—Do you know Mary very well?
—Yes. We became good friends ______ we met at a party.
A. the first time B. for the first time
C. first time D. by the first time
【解析】选A。句意：——你很了解Mary吗？——是的。我们第一次聚会时就成了好朋友。the first time起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。而B项的for the first time为介词短语，在句子中作时间状语。6. (2013·忻州高一检测)His grandparents were born in ______ Qing Dynasty, while he was born in ______ 1920s.
A. a; an B. /; the C. the; the D. a; the
【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意：他的祖父母出生在清朝，而他出生在20世纪20年代。在朝代和年代前均用定冠词the。7. I have read the materials several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A．meaning B．importance
C．sense D．significance
【解析】选C。考查固定短语。句意：这些材料我已读了好几遍了，但我一直看不懂。make sense表示 “有道理；有意义；讲得通” 。【变式训练】
They thought about your ideas back and forth for over an hour, but still couldn’t make ______ of them.
A．impression B．comprehension
C．meaning D．sense
【解析】选D。考查固定短语make sense of sth. 的用法。句意：他们反复考虑你的想法，考虑了一个多小时，仍然搞不清它们的意思。make sense of意为 “懂得，了解其含义” 。8. At last the town council ______ the law that carnival was banned in the town.
A．came to an end B．was ended
C．put an end to D．was put an end to
【解析】选C。考查短语辨析。句意：最后，城镇委员会使这个城镇的狂欢节禁令得以结束。come to an end意为 “结束；完结” ，相当于不及物动词，所以不能跟宾语，主语一般是物。put an end to sth. 意为 “结束某物” ，相当于及物动词，可以跟宾语，主语一般是表示人或者某一组织的名词。9. Suddenly the truck was out of control and ______ a tree.
A．broke into B．crashed into
C．crawled into D．burst into
【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：突然卡车失去了控制，撞到一棵树上。crash into猛撞上；break into强行进入；crawl into慢慢爬上；burst into突然发生。10. ______ is the most popular film?
A. Do you think which of these
B. Which of these do you think
C. Which of these you think
D. You think which of these
【解析】选B。考查复杂特殊疑问句的用法。句意：你认为这些电影中哪部是最受欢迎的？do you think在句中为插入语，其前为特殊疑问词，其后接陈述语序。11. Scientists said that the winter of 2011 was ______ cold, and in fact it was much colder than predicted.
A. frozen B. freezing C. freezingly D. froze
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。句意：科学家说2011年的冬天极冷，事实上比预测的还要冷很多。freezing cold意为 “极冷” 。12. Humans aren’t the only living things ______ by natural disasters. As is the case with humans, some animals are forced to leave their homes.
A. affected B. abandoned
C. reduced D. afforded
【解析】选A。考查动词。句意：人类不是唯一受自然灾害影响的生物。和人类一样，有些动物也被迫离开它们的家园。affect影响；abandon遗弃，放弃；reduce减少；afford给予，提供，买得起。根据句意可知选A。用email写说明文
【互动导学】
◎学生：老师，电子邮件和书信格式一样吗？
◎老师：电子邮件从本质上来说是书信的一种演变，因此两者格式相似，主要由称呼、正文、结束语、署名四部分构成。
◎学生：写作前可以从哪几个步骤做准备呢？ ◎老师：首先要审题，即写之前一定要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想或主题；其次要进行构思，列出简单的提纲，构建文章的框架。最后再扩展成文，可以参考词数多少进行扩展。【典题示例】
假如你是Tom，离开了A城五年后回来发现它变化很大。请你给朋友Linda写一封电子邮件，告诉她这里的变化。
内容包括：
1. 建起许多高楼，城市更加漂亮了。
2. 私家车拥有量增加，人们生活水平提高了。
3. 可以品尝世界各地的美食，如美国、意大利、韩国等的美食。 4. 与人联系更加方便，如发电子邮件。
词数：100个左右。
参考词汇：立交桥overpass；私家车private car【审题谋篇】电子邮件今昔对比一般现在时第一人称为主，第三人称为辅【词句推敲】
1. 词汇：
①建起______
②变化很大___________
③对某人来说做某事很方便____________________________
④玩得开心____________
⑤令我高兴的是______________________
⑥与某人联系______________________
⑦在我有空的时候_______________
⑧带领某人参观某处________________________set upchange a lotit is convenient for sb. to do sth.enjoy oneselfto my delight/ enjoymentkeep/get in touch with sb.in my spare timeshow sb. around someplace2. 句式：
①A城在过去五年里发生了很大的变化。(一句多译)
The City A ___________ a lot in the past five years.
Great changes _______________ in the City A in the past five
years.
②相比较以前来说，我可以更加容易地联系到你。
一般表达：
I can keep in touch with you __________ than before.
高级表达：
It is _____ for me __________________ you than before. has changedhave taken placemore easilyeasierto keep in touch with③More high buildings have appeared.
They are modern and beautiful. (用定语从句合并句子)
More high buildings have appeared, ____________________
________.
④Many overpasses have been set up. It is very convenient for
people to travel. (用状语从句合并句子)
_____________________________________, it is very
convenient for people to travel.
Many overpasses have been set up, _______________________
______________. which are modern andbeautifulBecause many overpasses have been set upso it is very convenient forpeople to travel【妙笔成篇】
Dear Linda，
I really think that the City A has changed a lot in the past five years.
First, more high buildings have appeared, which are modern and beautiful. Second, many overpasses have been set up, so it is very convenient for people to travel. Third, many families have had private cars. The people’s life here has become rich and colorful. People can enjoy themselvestravelling on holidays. To my delight, I can taste delicious food of different countries such as the food of America, Italy and South Korea here. And now it is easier for me to keep in touch with you than before, because I can email you in my spare time. I hope you can come and I’ll show you around.
Yours,
Tom课件115张PPT。 Module 6 Old and New
Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary Ⅰ. 速记单词
1. 音意记忆。
(1) _____ (n. ) 峡谷
(2) __________ (n. ) 水库
(3) ________ (n. ) 结构, 建筑物
(4) ________ (n. ) (机场的 )集散站；
终点站；候机厅gorgereservoirstructureterminal(5) ____ (vi. )始于(某一历史时期 )
(6) ____ (n. ) 遗物, 遗迹
(7) ________ (vt. ) 发(电 )
(8) _______ (vt. ) adj. 利用; 将(自然力 )变成动力
(9) _____ (n. ) 诗；诗歌
(10) _________ (vt. ) 浸入水中; 淹没
(11) _______ (vt. )迁移；搬迁daterelicgenerateharnesspoemsubmergeremove2. 形意记忆。
(1)____ (adj. )民用的; 国内的→civilize (v. )使文明，使开化
→__________ (n. )文明
(2)___________ (n. )(土木 )工程→________ (n. )工程师
→engine (n. ) 发动机
(3) ____________ (vt. ) 容纳(乘客等 ) →accommodation (n. )
容纳
(4)_______ (n. ) 雕刻(品 )→carve (vt. ) 雕刻civilizationcivilengineeringengineeraccommodatecarving(5 )___________ (n. )建造；建设；建筑→_________ (vt. )建造
→constructive (adj. ) 建设性的
(6 )_________ (adj. )历史的; 有关历史的→historic (adj. ) 有历
史意义的→_______ (n. ) 历史
(7)narrow (adj. ) 狭窄的→________ (adv. ) 勉强地
(8 )______ (adj. ) 全球的 →globe(n. ) 地球仪constructionconstructhistoricalhistorynarrowlyglobalⅡ. 短语互译
1. 起源于 _________
2. 有史以来 _________
3. 确信，务必 _________
4. 既然 ________
5. 梦想，渴望 ______________date fromof all timemake surenow thatdream of/ about6. (某物 )被计划用于；目的是 _______________
7. hold back _____
8. come true ________________
9. work out _______________________
10. live a. . . life _______________be designed to do阻止(梦想等 )变成现实弄懂，理解；解决；算出 过着……的生活Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。
It_____________________ and cost US$ 20 billion.
(It takes/took＋时间段＋to do 做某事用多长时间 )
2. 寺庙对佛教徒来说是一个很重要的地方。
A temple is a place ____________________ Buddhists.
(of +名词 表示所修饰词的特征或属性 )took six years to buildof great importance to3. 它是世界上最大的水力发电站和水坝，投资超过历史上任
何其他的建筑工程。
It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the
world and has cost more than ____________________ project
in history. (any other+名词结构 )
4. 大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4 000万吨煤所产生的电量，但却
不会造成那么严重的空气污染。
The dam will generate electricity ______________________
__________ without causing so much air pollution.
(形容词短语作后置定语 )any other constructionequal to about 40 milliontons of coalⅣ. 语篇填空
根据对文章的理解，试着将下面表格补充完整。(所填词不限 )construction project200 metres highhydro-electric power stationPurposesfloodingprovideair pollutionDisadvantageDestroyinghistorical sites【读而后思】
As we all know, the building of the Three Gorges Dam has many advantages, but it causes many problems. What problems can you tell us according to the text?
答案：____________________________________________
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________First, it destroyed many cities, countries, towns andvillages; second, it flooded or submerged some famoushistorical sites, such as the Qu Yuan Temple, the HanWatchtower. 1. provide vt. 提供，供应
【语境领悟】
①Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town?
你知道给你们的城镇提供水源的水库的名字吗？②The sun provides us with light and heat.
(= The sun provides light and heat for us. )
太阳给我们提供光和热。
③It’s wise to save some money and provide for the future. 存一些钱以备不时之需是明智的。
【归纳拓展】
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb. 向某人供应某物【易混辨析】【即学活用】The hotel ______ a playhouse for children so that their parents can enjoy their stay here.
A. offers B. supplies C. gives D. provides
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。四个选项都有 “提供” 的意思，但用法有所不同。offer与give用于offer/give sb. sth. 或offer/give sth. to sb. ；supply用于supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to sb. ；provide用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 。根据它们的用法以及题干中的介词for可知选D。2. date vi. 始于(某一历史时期 )
【语境领悟】
①Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368～1644).
长城的大部分始建于明朝(1368年～1644年)。
②The earliest known mosaics date from the 8th century BC.
最早知道的马赛克可追溯到公元前8世纪。③Although the origins of taekwondo (跆拳道) date back thousands of years, the triathlon (铁人三项) dates back to 1978. 跆拳道的起源可追溯到几千年以前，而铁人三项在1978年才诞生。【归纳拓展】
date v. 加日期于
n. 日期，年代；时代；约会
date from= date back to(+时间点 )
起源于……; 追溯到……
date back(+时间段 ) 追溯到……
out of date 过时的；过期的
up to date 现代的；直到最近
set a date for 选定……的日期
to date 到目前为止；迄今，至今④Have you set a date for the wedding?
婚礼的日子选定了吗？
⑤To date there has been no improvement in his condition.
到现在为止，他的状况还是没有好转。
【名师点津】 date from，date back to或date back在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时，且无被动语态。【即学活用】完成句子。
①这种习俗始于八世纪，当时人们对于他们所居住的地球并
不了解。
The custom ______________________ the 8th century when
people knew little about the earth where they lived.
②尽管这种衣服不再流行，她仍乐意穿着。
Though this kind of clothes is beginning to be __________, she
was very happy to wear it. dates back to/ dates fromout of date③I received a letter ______ December 1, 2012.
A. date B. dating
C. dated D . to be dated
【解析】选C。考查date的非谓语用法。句意：我收到一封信，信上的日期是2012年12月1日。date a letter在信上写日期，date与letter之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。3. accommodate v. 容纳(乘客等 )；供应；(使 )适应；提供膳宿
【语境领悟】
①The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
②He can’t accommodate himself to doing the hard work.
他无法使自己适应艰苦的工作。
③We could accommodate you with a room on the second floor for the period you mention.
我们可以按你提供的住宿期限向你提供2楼的一个房间。④We’ve made every effort to accommodate your point of view. 我们已经尽力迁就你们的观点了。
【归纳拓展】
sb. for the night 留某人过夜
sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物
sth. to sth. 适应，迁就，迎合
oneself to使自己适应……(to为介词，
故其后的宾语应用doing形式)
(2)accommodation n. 住宿，住处，膳宿服务(1)accommodate【想一想】表示 “容纳” 之意的词除了accommodate外你还学过哪些？
【参考答案】还有hold, contain, seat, admit等。例如：
①How many people can the Great Hall of the People hold?
人民大会堂能容纳多少人？
②This book contains all the information you need.
这本书包含你所需的一切信息。
③The theatre seats/admits 570.
那个剧院可容纳 570 人。【即学活用】(2010·湖北高考 )After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation
C. equipment D. furniture
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境(after the earthquake )可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A项。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具, 均不合题意。4. dream vi. 做梦；梦见；渴望、向往、考虑
vt. 梦见; 梦到; 想、梦想; 做……梦
n. 梦；梦想
【语境领悟】
①He has dreamed of/about wealth and happiness.
他渴望富有和幸福。
②I dream of becoming a teacher. 我一心想当名教师。
③I never dreamed that I should have offended (得罪) him.
我怎么也没有想到竟然得罪了他。④I never dreamed him to go to college.
我连做梦也没想到他会上大学。
⑤I dreamed a good dream last night.
昨晚我做了一个美梦。
⑥Now his dream has come true.
现在他的梦想实现了。【归纳拓展】
dream of /about (doing) sth. 梦想/渴望(做)某事
dream that. . . 梦见……
dream sb. to do sth. (常用于否定句 )梦见某人做某事
【巧学助记】 dream联想记忆【即学活用】(2013·嘉兴高一检测 )I never dreamed of there ______ such a quiet place in the noisy city.
A. was B. had been C. being D. to be
【解析】选C。考查dream of的用法。句意：我绝对梦想不到在这个喧嚣的城市里还有如此安静的一个地方。dream of+(doing )sth. 梦想(做 )某事。5. construction n. 建造; 建设; 建筑
【语境领悟】
①Construction will begin as soon as preparations are completed. 一做好准备, 就破土动工。
②Our new offices are still under construction.
我们的新办公楼尚在修建中。【归纳拓展】
(1)under construction=being constructed
正在建设中
(2)类似的短语还有:
under discussion=being discussed 正在讨论中
under repair=being repaired 正在修理中
under consideration =being considered 正在考虑中
under attack=being attacked 受到攻击
under treatment =being treated 治疗中【即学活用】完成句子。
①两座新房子正在修建中。
There are two new houses _________________.
②那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。
The summer house was a simple __________________. under constructionwooden construction6. remove vt. 迁移; 搬迁；移交；从……机构开除
vi. 搬家n. 移动；距离；升级
【语境领悟】
①Reference books may not be removed from the library.
参考书不允许带出图书馆。
②He was later removed by the party committee.
后来, 他被党委撤职了。
③She saw he had removed his glasses.
她看到他摘下了他的眼镜。④They removed from Xidan to the western suburbs last year.
去年他们从西单搬到西郊。
【归纳拓展】
remove sth. / sb. from sth. 从……移除/搬动/拿开……
remove one’s clothes 脱下衣服
remove from sp. to sp. 从某地搬到某地
【易混辨析】⑤We moved out on Wednesday and the new neighbors moved in on Thursday.
我们是星期三迁出去的，新邻居星期四就搬了进来。
【巧学助记】 对比记忆remove/move【即学活用】 Bad habits are no way easy to be ______; it needs your determination.
A. replaced B. moved C. removed D. got rid of
【解析】选C。句意：坏习惯绝不是很容易就能除掉的，那需要你的决心。remove表示 “除掉” ；replace表示 “替换” ；move表示 “移动；搬家” ；get rid of表示 “除去” 。 7. of all time 有史以来
【语境领悟】
Confucius is respected by most Chinese as the greatest teacher of all time.
孔子被多数中国人尊为自古以来最伟大的老师。【归纳拓展】
at a time 每次，依次
all the time 一直
at the same time 同时
at one time 曾经，一度
at no time 决不，从不
from time to time 有时
in no time 立刻，马上
on time 准时，按时【即学活用】根据语境用time短语填空。
①Don’t try to do everything at once, take it a bit ________.
②Don’t all speak ______________.
③__________ I used to go skiing every winter.
④__________ is he a teacher.
⑤Please come back _________. We have no time. at a timeat the same timeAt one timeAt no timein no time8. hold back阻止，阻挡；抑制，控制；隐瞒；犹豫
【语境领悟】
①Hearing her daughter’s surviving Ya’an earthquake, she could not hold back tears of joy.
听到女儿在雅安地震中安然无恙，她禁不住流下了喜悦的泪水。
②You must be holding something back from me.
你一定对我隐瞒着什么。【归纳拓展】
hold on (打电话时 )请等一下；坚持
hold up 举起；支持住；使停顿；抢劫
hold on to 守住，留住；保持，不要放弃
hold out 伸出【即学活用】完成句子。
①吉姆成功地控制住了自己的怒气，避免了一场争斗。
Jim was able to _________ his anger and avoided a fight.
②我们应该向他们伸出友谊与合作之手。
We should ________ the hand of friendship and cooperation
to them.
③我有点累了。但我能坚持下去。
I feel a bit tired. However, I can _______.
④那个学生举手来回答老师的问题。
The pupil _______(举起) his hand to answer the teacher’s
question. hold backhold outhold onheld up9. come true (梦想等)变成现实
【语境领悟】
①His dream of being a scientist has come true.
=He has realized his dream of being a scientist.
他成为一名科学家的梦想实现了。
【归纳拓展】
true to life 逼真
true to one’s word 履行诺言；说话算数②The rabbit the little boy drew was true to life.
这只兔子小男孩画得很逼真。
③True to his word, John arrived at 2 o’clock.
约翰说话算数，在两点钟准时到达了。【易混辨析】【即学活用】(2013·聊城高一检测 )I’d always dreamed about owning my own house，but I never thought it would ______ one day.
A. come up B. come out
C. come true D. come off
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我一直梦想拥有自己的房子，但我从没想过这个梦想有一天会实现。come true 意为 “实现” ; come up 意为 “发芽” ；come out 意为 “开花；出版” ；come off 意为 “脱落；分开” 。10. work out vt. 计算出；解决；理解
vi. 成功地发展, 锻炼身体，做运动
【语境领悟】
①You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.
你把所有数加在一起就能算出答案了。
②The plot is very complicated; it’ll take you a while to work it out. 情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。
③The UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposal.
联合国谈判人员制订出一套折中方案。④I often work out to keep fit.
我经常做运动以保持健康。
【归纳拓展】
sth. work out 某事成功地发展；逐渐解决
work sth. out 计算出；制订出；设法弄懂
work on sth. 致力于(做)某事
at work 在工作；(机器 )运转中
out of work 失业；(机器 )出故障【即学活用】完成句子。
①这道题很难做出来。
The question is hard to ________.
②尽管题目很难，他们最终把它解出来了。
Though the problem is difficult, they managed to __________
at last.
③他连续几个月都在写他的小说。
He __________ his novel for months on end.
④他们失业了, 还要养活两个小孩, 无法维持起码的生活。
Being __________ and having two young children to raise,
they found it impossible to make ends meet. work outwork it outworked onout of work11. A temple is a place of great importance to Buddhists. 寺庙对佛教徒来说是一个很重要的地方。
【句式分析】
本句用了 “be of + 抽象名词 = be+抽象名词的形容词” 的结构，如be of importance= be important； be of great/much value/use/help=be very valuable/useful/helpful。①It is very important for students to spend enough time studying. = It is of great importance for students to spend enough time studying.
对学生来说, 有足够的时间学习非常重要。【名师点津】 be of+n. 类析
be of a / an / the same+ n. 表示 “归于，属于(某一共同范畴、特征等 )” ，其中的名词没有相对应的形容词形式。这一类的名词有 “年龄(age )、大小(size )、颜色(color )、重量(weight )、高度( height )、价格(price )、意见(opinion )、形状(shape )、种类(kind )和方法(way )等” 。
②The two are of an/the same age, but are of different heights.
这两人年龄相同，但身高不同。 【即学活用】
①你的帮助很有价值。
Your help has been __ great _____.
②这些花的颜色不同。
These flowers are __ different ______. ofvalueofcolors12. Sun Yat-sen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. 1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山于1919年首先提出了在长江上建造大坝的设想。
【句式分析】①Our guide，who was a Canadian，was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个加拿大人，是一名优秀的厨师。
②John suggested going together in one car.
约翰建议大家坐同一辆汽车去。
③Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她的父母建议她进行医学检查。【归纳拓展】
(1 )suggest v. 建议，提议；表明，暗示
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议(一个方法 )
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest that sb. /sth. (should) do
建议某人/事该……
(2 )suggestion n. 建议
make a suggestion 提建议【名师点津】 suggest的两种用法
(1 )suggest当 “建议” 讲时，其后从句要用虚拟语气，即suggest that sb. (should)do sth. ，其中should可以省略；当表示 “表明；暗示” 讲时，其后从句用陈述语气。
(2 )与其名词suggestion(表示 “建议” )相关的从句也都要用虚拟语气，即从句用that sb. (should)do. . . 的形式。【即学活用】
①后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
Then he met Mary，_______________________.
②He suggested we ______ a meeting and the meeting suggested that he ______interested in our plan.
A. to hold; was B. hold; was
C. held; be D. held; should be
【解析】选B。考查suggest的用法。句意：他建议我们开个会，而这次会议表明了他对我们的计划感兴趣。第一个suggest是建议，故第一个空应该用should hold，且should可以省略；第二个suggest是 “表明” ，句中应该用陈述语气。who invited him to a party③(2013·陕西高考 )My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might C. could D. would
【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：妈妈建议我们这周末换换口味出去吃饭。suggest如果意为 “建议” 的话，后跟的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用 “(should+) do” 的形式，故选A。1. cost v. 花费；价格为；值；使付出；使失去
n. 价钱；代价；费用；成本，牺牲
【语境领悟】
①This heroic deed cost him his life.
这件英雄事绩使他失去了生命。
②We have worked out the cost of building a new house.
我们已经算出了建一座新房子的费用。
③He saved his daughter at the cost of his own life.
他以牺牲自己的生命为代价挽救了他的女儿。【归纳拓展】
at any cost=at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何
at the cost of 以……为代价【易混辨析】【即学活用】
用下列词的适当形式填空。(cost/spend/ take/spare)
①We can only _____ one room for you.
②He used to ______ plenty of money on novels.
③Tom ___________ too much time (in) collecting stamps.
④Making a dictionary _____ much time and care.
⑤It ____ her half an hour to finish the letter. sparespendspends/spentcoststook2. now that既然；因为(相当于since )
【语境领悟】
①Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?
既然这些遗迹已经被水淹没，还有可能见到它们吗？
②Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。【易混辨析】
③The list is up to date now that we’ve added the new members’ names. 我们把新成员的名字已经加进去了, 这份名单是最全的了。
④Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。【即学活用】We needn’t have bought so much food ______ Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. even if B. now that
C. as though D. since that
【解析】选B。考查连词辨析。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们就不需要买这么多食物。even if即使，引导让步状语从句；now that既然，引导原因状语从句，符合句意；as though好像，引导方式状语从句；since本身已是连词，不需与that连用，故D项本身错误。3. live a. . . life 过着……的生活
【语境领悟】
①We lived /led /had a quiet life here.
我们在这里过着平静的生活。
②At present, in our China, the people live a happy life, and the country enjoys peace and stability.
现在我们中国人民安居乐业，国家政局安定。 【归纳拓展】“动词后跟一个同源宾语的结构” 归纳如下：
live a low-carbon life 过着低碳生活
dream a good dream 做个好梦
smile a sweet smile 甜甜地一笑
laugh a happy laugh 开心地大笑
die a heroic death 英勇就义【即学活用】完成句子。
①我做了一个好梦。
I ___________________.
②过低碳生活不仅对我们的城市有好处，还对我们自己有利。
_____________________ is not only _______________, but also
does good to ourselves. dreamt a good dreamLiving a low-carbon lifegood for our city4. It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.
它花费了6年时间建成，耗资200亿美元。
【句式分析】
(1 )本句是It takes/took (sb. ) some time to do sth. 结构，意为 “做某事花费(某人)若干时间” 。
(2 )it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to do不定式。
①It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
建成这座大坝花费了工人们近三年的时间。【归纳拓展】 it作形式主语小结
除了 “It takes/took (sb. ) some time to do sth. ” 句型外，下列句型中it也作形式主语：
It＋be＋adj. /n. ＋(for sb. )to do sth.
It＋be＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth.
It＋be＋adj. /n. ＋doing sth.
It＋be＋adj. /n. ＋that-clause
It’s said/believed/reported that-clause
It seems/appears＋that-clauseIt seems/remains/looks as if. . .
It’s none of your business＋that-clause
It’s up to sb. to do sth.
②It remains a question whether he will come or not.
他是否来仍是个问题。
③It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
谁将为那个病人做手术还没决定下来。
④It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
就那件事与他争吵没用。【即学活用】(2010·全国卷Ⅱ )The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
【解析】选D。考查代词。句意：医生认为休假对你有好处。it作形式主语，真正的主语为to have a holiday。5. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
它是世界上最大的水力发电站和水坝，投资超过历史上任何其他的建筑工程。
【句式分析】
(1)本句为复合句。
(2)句中than引导的是比较状语从句的省略句。(3)句中more than any other construction用了 “比较级形式表达最高级含义” 的用法，其基本结构为:
the other +复数名词
any other +单数可数名词
any of the other+复数名词形容词或副词的
比较级+than +①She goes to school earlier than the other girls.
她比其他女孩上学早。
②He works harder than any other student.
他学习最用功。
③China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。【归纳拓展】
用比较级形式表示最高级含义的几种表达方式:
(1)直接使用比较级，常用 “have never done+比较级” 结构；
(2)比较级+ than + anything/ anyone else；
(3)在比较句型中使用 “no，nobody，nothing” 等词。
④Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
汤姆最喜欢钱。
⑤No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
新建的宾馆是最豪华的建筑。【即学活用】完成句子。
①乔治干活最多。
George did _____ work than _______ else.
②这项工作他做得最出色。
_______ could do the work better than he did.
③我最喜欢游泳。
I like _______ better than swimming. moreNobodynothinganyone6. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
大坝将要生产相当于燃烧4 000万吨煤所产生的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。
【句式分析】①A TV set worth 2, 000 yuan is not too expensive.
一台价值2 000元的电视机不算太贵。
②My uncle’s family live in a house much larger than ours.
我叔叔一家住的房子比我们家的房子大得多。
③I come without carrying anything. 我空手而来。【即学活用】仿写句子。
我两天之内就完成了对我来说有点困难的任务，而没有寻求
帮助。
I finished the task __________________within two days
____________________. a bit difficult for mewithout asking for help7. Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
其中一些正在被搬迁，一些正被放进博物馆里。
【句式分析】
(1 )本句是并列句，and是并列连词。
(2 )句中are being removed 与are being put into museums都是 “be +being done” 结构，是现在进行时的被动语态，表示一个正在进行着的被动动作。谓语动词的形式为 “is/are/am＋being＋过去分词” 。①A number of trucks are being shipped abroad.
一批卡车正被运往国外。
②Some houses destroyed in the earthquake are being rebuilt at the moment.
地震中被损毁的一些房子现在正被重建着。【即学活用】(2010·上海高考 )The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored
C. is restoring D. is being restored
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意：正在被修建的教堂塔楼将会很快向游客开放，这项工程即将竣工。表示现在正在进行的动作而且谓语动词与前面的主语之间是被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，故选D。Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These stone ________ (carve) date back to Warring States
Periods.
2. The new school is still under ___________ (construct).
3. Many students took genetic and civil ___________
(engineer) as their majors.
4. Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be
_________ (harness) to produce electricity. carvingsconstructionengineeringharnessed5. Mr Thompson gave all the _________ (history) papers of
his grandfather to the public library according to his
grandfather’s will.
6. The ________ (term) examinations will be held in early May.
7. The boy ________ (narrow) escaped being drowned.
8. Last year we arranged the meetings and the _____________
(accomodate) in different places. historicalterminalnarrowlyaccomodationsⅡ. 单句改错
1. The carvings on the stone can be dated back to the Spring and Autumn Periods.
【解析】be dated→date date back to 没有被动形式。
2. I’m sure you’ll take three years to finish your subjects at evening schools.
【解析】you’ll→it’ll take 的主语是事、物或it。
3. There are too many heroes in search of the truth of life in the history.
【解析】去掉第二个the in history 在历史上。4. London is more foggy than any other city on the Europe Continent.
【解析】去掉otherLondon不在欧洲大陆上。
5. All our teachers should try to provide all possible study methods to the students.
【解析】第二个to→forprovide. . . for sb. 。
6. She suggested me one or two suitable people for the committee.
【解析】me前加tosuggest to sb. sth. 。7. Three quarters of China’s energy are produced by burning coal.
【解析】are→is分数作主语，谓语动词的数与分数后面的名词保持一致。
8. The railway leading to the mountains is under the construction.
【解析】去掉第二个theunder construction 在建设中。9. A new dam will be built over the river in my hometown.
【解析】over→across across 横跨。
10. Thanks to the development of science and economy, we are now living easy life.
【解析】easy前加anlive a(n). . . life 过着……的生活。Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. The old building ______ the 5th century is going to be rebuilt.
A. date from B. dated from
C. dating from D. dated back to
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：那幢建于5世纪的古老建筑将被重建。从句子的结构来看，空格的部分 “______ the 5th century” 应该在句子中作定语，A项明显错误。date from和date back to均不用被动语态, 可排除B和D。C项dating from是现在分词形式在句子中作定语。【知识拓展】无被动语态的动词或动词短语
(1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silent, lose heart, take place。例如：
After the fire, very little of my house remained. (2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to, date from, date back to。例如：
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what has already been heard. (3)系动词无被动语态：
appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn。例如：
It sounds good.
(4)带同源宾语的及物动词、反身代词、相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 2. (2013·北京高一检测 )How much time will it ______ to repair the old bridge?
A. cost B. pay C. take D. spend
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：修好那座古老的桥要花费多长时间？It takes (sb. )some time to do sth. ，意为 “(某人)花费若干时间做某事” 。it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth. 是真正的主语。pay意为 “付款” 主语为人；cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人。3. The project under ______ in the city will be completed at the end of this month.
A. control B. construction
C. discussion D. repair
【解析】选B。句意：在这座城市正在建设的这项工程将于这个月底完成。under construction在建设中；under control在控制之下；under discussion在讨论中；under repair在修理中。4. ______ the term is finished，I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
A. Now that B. Even if
C. As if D. So that
【解析】选A。考查原因状语从句。句意：既然这学期已经结束了，我打算休息几天然后去旅行。now that＝since意为 “既然” ，常用于句首。even if意为 “尽管，即使” ；as if意为 “好像” ；so that意为 “为了，以便” 。5. We should not take steps for ______ economic reasons without considering social effects.
A. thin B. thick C. sorrow D. narrow
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不能只考虑经济原因而不考虑社会影响就采取措施。narrow意为 “狭隘的；狭窄的” ，既可表达实际意义，也可表达抽象意义。6. Watching me playing various tricks to stop the baby crying，the mother fought hard to ______ her laughter.
A. hold back B. take off
C. carry on D. turn down
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：看着我使出浑身解数不让婴儿哭，孩子的妈妈尽力忍住笑。hold back阻止，抑制；take off脱下；carry on继续；turn down调低，拒绝。7. As a child, he ______ becoming a doctor, and now his dream has been realized.
A. dreamed for B. dreamed of
C. dreams about D. dreamed to
【解析】选B。考查短语dream of/about的用法。句意：当他还是孩子的时候，他梦想当一名医生，现在他的梦想实现了。dream of意为 “梦想……” 。其中介词of可用about代替，但注意题中时态。8. I hope your dream of becoming a world champion will ______ in the future.
A. come true B. come up
C. come forth D. come out
【解析】选A。考查动词短语come true的用法。句意：我希望你在将来实现当世界冠军的梦想。come true是固定短语，意为 “(希望、理想等)实现，达到” ，相当于be realized。9. Wherever he goes，he can always be ______ to new circumstances.
A. accommodate B. accommodating
C. accommodated D. accommodation
【解析】选C。考查accommodate的用法。句意：无论他去哪里，他总能适应新的环境。be accommodated to “适应……” 。【变式训练】
Hotel ______ is included in the price of your holiday.
A. accomplishment B. accommodation
C. account D. accompany
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：你度假的价格包括旅馆住宿在内。accomplishment “成就，成绩” ；accommodation “住宿，膳宿” ；account “账户，叙述” ；accompany “陪同，陪伴” 。10. The local government has tried all means to ______ the river which used to flood every year.
A. cure B. harness C. make D. treat
【解析】选B。考查动词harness的用法。句意：当地政府已经尝试了所有的办法治理这条过去每年泛滥的河流。harness控制，利用(风、水等自然力)为动力。cure治愈，常用句型为cure sb. of sth. ，治愈某人的病；make制造，生产；treat对待，招待。11. Recently quite a lot of experts ______ that another law on wildlife protection ______ as soon as possible.
A. were suggested；must be passed
B. have suggested；be passed
C. were suggesting；was passed
D. suggested；being passed【解析】选B。句意：最近相当多的专家建议应该尽快再通过一部关于保护野生生物的法律。recently表示 “最近” ，在句中作时间状语，句子常用现在完成时；suggest表示 “建议” 后跟宾语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即sb. (should)do sth. 或sth. (should)be done(被动)，其中should可以省略，故选B。【变式训练】
The manager suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the problem.
A. us to have B. us having
C. to have D. we having
【解析】选B。考查动词suggest的用法。句意：经理建议我们开个会来讨论这个问题。 “建议某人做某事” 应该用suggest sb. doing sth. ，不能用suggest sb. to do sth. 结构。12. I’d like you to ______ my name from your list. I don’t want to be involved in the matter.
A. fire B. guide C. remove D. weed
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：我想要你把我的名字从你的名单上去掉。我不想卷入这件事中。remove意为 “去掉” ，符合句意。 fire开除，解雇; weed意为 “锄去(草等)” ；guide意为 “指导，领导” 。13. We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite ______ as planned.
A. find out B. give out
C. hand out D. work out
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。后半句句意：但我们的任务并未像计划的那样完成。work out “发展，成功地进展” ，符合句意。A项 “找出” ，B项 “用完” ，C项 “分发” ，均不符合句意。14. Have you heard of the town ______ when they built the dam?
A. submerge B. submerging
C. being submerged D. submerged
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：你听说过那个建大坝时被淹没的城镇吗？submerged when they built the dam作town的定语。城镇已被洪水淹没，而不是正在发生，故C项错误。15. Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of ______ even cried with joy.
A. those B. them C. whom D. who
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：当中国医疗队到达海地时，成千上万的海地人欢呼起来，甚至他们中不少人喜极而泣。此处为介词前置的非限制性定语从句。当先行词为人时，介词后的关系词只能是whom而不能用who。课件10张PPT。 Module 6 Old and New
Module ReviewⅠ. 单词串记(根据构词法完成下面空格)
1. v. +-ing→n.
carve(v. )雕刻 → _______ (n. )雕刻品
【类记】
engineer(v. )设计，策划→ ___________(n. )工程
shop(v. )购物→________(n. )购物
begin(v. )开始→_________(n. )开始
handwrite(v. )手写→ ___________(n. )书法carvingengineeringshoppingbeginninghandwriting2. v. +-tion→n.
construct(v. )建造→___________(n. )建筑
【类记】
act(v. )行动→______(n. )动作
attract(v. )吸引→ _________(n. )吸引力
create(v. )创作→ ________(n. )创造力
collect (v. )收集→_________(n. )收集
direct(v. )指导→ ________(n. )指挥constructionactionattractioncreationcollectiondirectionⅡ. 连词成句(用本模块的词汇完成句子，每空一词)
1. 我们正在准备一份新闻简报，是关于那个靠水力发电的工
程的。
We are preparing a _______ about the _____________
___________.
2. 据报道，在大雾天，一架巨大的民用飞机掉下了悬崖，接
着被淹没在了水中。
It is reported that on a _____ day, an _________ ____ airplane
dropped off a cliff, and then was __________ in the water. bulletinhydro-electricengineeringfoggyenormouscivilsubmerged3. 这个候机厅一年能容纳八千万乘客。
This ________ can ____________ 80 million passengers a year.
4. 西安有许多历史古迹，甚至有些可追溯到汉朝。
There are lots of _________ _____ in Xi’an, some of which even
____ _____ the Han Dynasty.
5. 过去他有个梦想。但他却一直瞒着我们，因为他认为自己
的梦想有点荒谬。
He ____ __ have a dream. However, he always ____ it _____
from us, because he considered it a bit _________. terminalaccommodatehistoricalrelicsdatefromusedtoheldbackridiculous6. 当他的梦想实现后，他禁不住流下了喜悦的泪水。
When his dream has _____ ____, he can’t ____ _____ tears of
joy.
7. 对于我来说，这首诗没有任何意义。
This _____ doesn’t _____ any _____ to me. cometrueholdbackpoemmakesenseⅢ. 句式点拨
寺庙对佛教徒来说是一个很重要的地方。(True or False)
(1)A temple is a place of great important to Buddhists. ( )
(2)A temple is a place of great importance to Buddhists. ( )
【思路点拨】
本句考查 “of + (形容词+)抽象名词 =(副词+)抽象名词的形容词” 的结构，如of great importance = very/greatly important； be of great/much value / use / help = be very valuable / useful / helpful。故该句还可写为：A temple is a very/greatly important place to Buddhists. FT【句式训练】
这是一张对我们所有人来说都很有帮助的地图。
_______________________________This is a map of great help to us all.
