2022年全国乙卷英语阅读理解D篇二次开发学案（含答案解析）
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| 名称 | 2022年全国乙卷英语阅读理解D篇二次开发学案（含答案解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-30 13:46:22 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年全国乙卷阅读理解-D篇二次开发
Step 1限时15min-20min完成此篇阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
2. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
3. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
4. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
Step 2概括本文大意：_____________
Step 3逐句精读
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
政府对软饮料征收的糖税所带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半，关于该政策的第一个官方数据显示。
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
该税种于2016年4月首次公布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖症。今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议水平的三倍，这使得他们处于更高的疾病风险中。
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
最初，糖税预计将为财政部每年带来5.2亿英镑的收入。然而，前六个月的数据显示，它的收入还不到这个数字的一半。目前，预计截至2019年4月的一年中，它将产生2.4亿英镑的收入，这些钱将用于学校体育。
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
在征收糖税之前，商店里销售的软饮料有一半以上被制造商降低了糖分含量，这样他们就可以避免交税。根据财政部的数字，由于制造商努力避免交税，饮料中的糖含量现在减少了4500万公斤。自4月以来，饮料公司被迫为其生产或进口的每升含糖饮料，按照糖分含量的不同相应缴纳18便士至24便士的税款。
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
然而，一些高糖品牌，比如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝做出改变，因为担心消费者的不满。果汁、牛奶类饮料和大多数酒精类饮料免于征税，每年产量少于100万升的小公司也是如此。
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
根据一位政府官员所说，今天的数字表明，糖税正在产生积极的影响，为体育设施和学校的健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。帮助下一代拥有健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的，而整个行业正在发挥应有的作用。
Step 4:请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.predict v. _____________→adj. predictive 有前兆的；→ adv. predictably 可预言地；→ n. _____________ 预报；预言
2._____________ vt. 造成；产生；引起 →n. _____________ 产生；一代人；生殖 →adj. generative 生殖的；生产的
3.manufacturer n. _____________→ adj. manufacturer n. 生产商，制造商→ n. _____________ 制造厂，工厂→ n. manufacture 制造；产品；制造业→ v. manufacture 制造；加工；捏造
4.charge n. _____________→ adj. chargeable 应支付的；可以控诉的；可充电的→ n. _____________ 充电器；控诉者
5._____________ v. 强迫→ adj. forced 被迫的；强迫的→ adj. _____________ 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的→ adv. forcefully 强有力地；激烈地
6.brand n. _____________→ 近义词logo; label
7.upsetting adj. _____________→ adj. upset 心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的→ n. _____________ 混乱；翻倒→ v. upset 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱
8._____________ n. 不含酒精的饮料；软饮料
9.be introduced by _____________
10._____________ 适用于
11.It is believed that _____________
12.the _____________ level 推荐的水平
13.at a higher risk of _____________
14.go to _____________
15.had their sugar levels cut _____________
16._____________ 因为......
17._____________ 根据，依赖于，
18.for fear of _____________
19.are free of _____________
20.sports facilities 体育设施
21.is of great importance _____________
22.playing its part _____________
23._____________ 对…作出反应[回答]；服从；响应
24._____________ 减少；节省
25.be inferred about _____________
26._____________ adj. 目光短浅的
Step 5:请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's difficult to make accurate _____________ (predict) about the effects on the environment.
2.The proposal has _____________ (generation) a lot of interest.
3.Any expenses you may generate will be _____________ (charge) to the company.
4.Stress and _____________ (upset) events are an unavoidable part of life.
5.We want _____________ (introduction) the latest technology into schools.
6.The invention would have a wide range of _____________ (apply) in industry
7.They attach great _____________ (important) to the project.
8.You can't be _____________ (depend) on your parents all your life.
9.The product was developed in _____________ (respond) to customer demand.
10.The committee made _____________ (recommend) to the board on teachers' pay and conditions.
Step 6:请写出force在下列句中的词性和意义：
1.We will achieve much more by persuasion than by force . ____, _________
2.he court ruled that these standards have force in law. ____, _________
3.He joined the force twenty years ago. ____, _________
4.When do the new regulations come into force ____, _________
5.They were grabbed by three men who appeared to force them into a car. ____, _________
6.That evening police forced the door of the apartment and arrested Mr. Roberts. ____, _________
7.He changed our world through the force of his ideas. ____, _________
Step 7:长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3.However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
Step 8: a.做语法填空题; b.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; c.分析长难句。
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1 (journey ) the Belt and Road route by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for Interactional Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8 (high ) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 9 Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 9：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Story of Sugar Tax
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April ,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 1______ .
Initially, the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury.2______,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,which it will go to school sports.
3______, more than half of the soft drinks in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufactures . Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufactures’ efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litter of sugar drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.
4______.For example,Classic Coca, are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 m litters per year.
Today’s figures ,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.5 ______ .
A.Some high sugar brands have accepted the tax.
B.Why was the sugar tax introduced
C.Thus,the tax came into being
D.In order to avoid paying high sugar taxes
E.The sugar tax is a success story
F.It is a near-sighed decision
G.However,the policy didn’t go as planed
Step 10：阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1.This passage is kind of a __________ .
A.life style B. business story C.news report D. history story
2.This passage is probably taken from __________ .
A.book review B.news paper C.travel guide D. business Daily
3.What is the purpose of the sugar tax
A. To promise teenagers healthy and active development
B. To meet the customers’ needs
C. To collect more money for the government
D .To reduce the sale of sugar drinks
4. What is the main factor that make today’s children and teenagers at a higher risk of the disease
A. They eat a lot of junk food.
B. They consume a lot of soft drinks.
C. They eat more than they need.
D. They consume three times sugar larger than the recommend level.
5.What is the reaction of some high sugar brands to the sugar tax
A.They raised their prices of the production
B.They accepted the tax and remained the quality of their production
C.They secretly reduced their their products’ sugar content
D.They advertised their production to meet the customer
6.What is the author’s opinion toward this tax policy
A.aggressive B.negative C.optimistic D.neutral
7.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Sugar tax is on the way
B.How to reduce the sugar content
C.Help children develop health lifestyle
D.A successful sugar policy
8. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The adults are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar.
B. Some drink companies are willing to pay for the sugar tax.
C. Collecting sugar tax is to protect children’s health.
D. All the soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers.
参考答案
Step1:
第1题：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。
第2题：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
第3题：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
第4题：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
Step 2概括本文大意：The article mainly covers the UK government's sugar tax on soft drinks to solve the health problems of children, whose income can be used for physical education at school.
Step 4：请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.predicted v. 预言，预测→adj. predictive 有前兆的；→ adv. predictably 可预言地；→ n. prediction 预报；预言
2.generate vt. 造成；产生；引起 →n. generation 产生；一代人；生殖 →adj. generative 生殖的；生产的
3.manufacturer n. 制造商，厂商→ adj. manufacturer n. 生产商，制造商→ n. manufactory 制造厂，工厂→ n. manufacture 制造；产品；制造业→ v. manufacture 制造；加工；捏造
4.charge n. 收费→ adj. chargeable 应支付的；可以控诉的；可充电的→ n. charger 充电器；控诉者
5.force v. 强迫→ adj. forced 被迫的；强迫的→ adj. forceful 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的→ adv. forcefully 强有力地；激烈地
6.brand n. 品牌→ 近义词logo; label
7.upsetting adj. 令人苦恼的→ adj. upset 心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的→ n. upset 混乱；翻倒→ v. upset 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱
8.soft drinks n. 不含酒精的饮料；软饮料
9.be introduced by 推行; 实施
10.applies to 适用于
11.It is believed that 有人认为…
12.the recommended level 推荐的水平
13.at a higher risk of 冒着.....更高的风险较
14.go to 转到，运用到
15.had their sugar levels cut 降低他们的含糖量
16.as a result of 因为......
17.depending on 根据，依赖于，
18.for fear of 害怕
19.are free of 免于，没有
20.sports facilities 体育设施
21.is of great importance 是非常重要的
22.playing its part 发挥其作用
23.respond to 对…作出反应[回答]；服从；响应
24.cut down on 减少；节省
25.be inferred about 依据......推断
26.short-sighted adj. 目光短浅的
Step 5: 请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's difficult to make accurate predictions (predict) about the effects on the environment.
2.The proposal has generated (generation) a lot of interest.
3.Any expenses you may generate will be chargeable (charge) to the company.
4.Stress and upsetting (upset) events are an unavoidable part of life.
5.We want to introduce (introduction) the latest technology into schools.
6.The invention would have a wide range of applications (apply) in industry
7.They attach great importance (important) to the project.
8.You can't be dependent (depend) on your parents all your life.
9.The product was developed in response (respond) to customer demand.
10.The committee made recommendations (recommend) to the board on teachers' pay and conditions.
Step 6 ：请写出force在下列句中的词性和意义：
1.We will achieve much more by persuasion than by force . n. 暴力
2.he court ruled that these standards have force in law. n. 效力
3.He joined the force twenty years ago. n. 警队
4.When do the new regulations come into force n. 开始实施
5.They were grabbed by three men who appeared to force them into a car. v. 强迫
6.That evening police forced the door of the apartment and arrested Mr. Roberts. v. 强行 (打开)
7.He changed our world through the force of his ideas. n. 影响力
Step 7: 长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
分析： 主句the first official data on the policy has shown.的宾语从句提前，as引导的比较状语从句中it would generate,是predicted宾语从句；brought in；generate两个谓语意义接近：带来，产生。
翻译： 关于软饮料的第一个官方数据显示，政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半。
2.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
分析： 形式主语It代替that引导的主语从句，分词短语putting作为结果状语。
翻译： 据信，今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐水平的三倍，这使他们患糖的风险更高。
3.However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount.
分析： showed后面的宾语从句中，比较结构值得关注。
翻译： 然而，前六个月的数据显示，它将比这个数字少一半。
背诵以上三个比较结构句型：
1. A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原形+as+B。 如：Their campus is three times as large as ours.
2. A+谓语+倍数+名词+of+B。如：Their campus is half the size of ours.
3. A+谓语+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B。如：Their campus is twice larger than ours.
Step 8:步骤: a.做语法填空题; b.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处;c.分析长难句。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
1. to journey 2. who . held 4. A 5. protection 6. meaningful 7. has walked 8. highest 9. from 10. planning
1：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
2：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
4：考查冠词。句意：他一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
5：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
6：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
7：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
8：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
9：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
10：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
词汇与句型积累：
1.volunteer n. 志愿者，自告奋勇者
2.companion n. 同伴；陪伴
3.meaningful adj. 有意义隽
4.continents n. 大陆；大洲
5.visually-challenged 视障
6.a first step to 前往......的第一步
7.by foot 步行
8.lost his eyesight 失明
9.Inspired by 受到启发
10.the Belt and Road 一带一路
11.Forum for International Cooperation 国际合作论坛
12.cover the route by hiking 徒步走完这条路
13.promote environmental protection 促进环境保护
14.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
分析： 非限制性定语从句who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, 隔开了主句的主谓部分。
翻译：8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹生康，在1100公里的旅途中，穿越了三个省的40个市县。
15.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
分析： 分词短语Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation作为状语；分词短语 held in Beijing.作为定语
翻译：受到在北京举行的一带一路国际合作论坛的启发，曹决定通过徒步穿越这条路线来纪念古代丝绸之路。
Step 9:
参考答案：1.C 2.G 3.D 4.A 5.E
Step 10:
参考答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C
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2022年全国乙卷阅读理解-D篇二次开发
Step 1限时15min-20min完成此篇阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
2. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
3. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
4. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
Step 2概括本文大意：_____________
Step 3逐句精读
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
政府对软饮料征收的糖税所带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半，关于该政策的第一个官方数据显示。
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
该税种于2016年4月首次公布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖症。今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议水平的三倍，这使得他们处于更高的疾病风险中。
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
最初，糖税预计将为财政部每年带来5.2亿英镑的收入。然而，前六个月的数据显示，它的收入还不到这个数字的一半。目前，预计截至2019年4月的一年中，它将产生2.4亿英镑的收入，这些钱将用于学校体育。
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
在征收糖税之前，商店里销售的软饮料有一半以上被制造商降低了糖分含量，这样他们就可以避免交税。根据财政部的数字，由于制造商努力避免交税，饮料中的糖含量现在减少了4500万公斤。自4月以来，饮料公司被迫为其生产或进口的每升含糖饮料，按照糖分含量的不同相应缴纳18便士至24便士的税款。
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
然而，一些高糖品牌，比如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝做出改变，因为担心消费者的不满。果汁、牛奶类饮料和大多数酒精类饮料免于征税，每年产量少于100万升的小公司也是如此。
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
根据一位政府官员所说，今天的数字表明，糖税正在产生积极的影响，为体育设施和学校的健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。帮助下一代拥有健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的，而整个行业正在发挥应有的作用。
Step 4:请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.predict v. _____________→adj. predictive 有前兆的；→ adv. predictably 可预言地；→ n. _____________ 预报；预言
2._____________ vt. 造成；产生；引起 →n. _____________ 产生；一代人；生殖 →adj. generative 生殖的；生产的
3.manufacturer n. _____________→ adj. manufacturer n. 生产商，制造商→ n. _____________ 制造厂，工厂→ n. manufacture 制造；产品；制造业→ v. manufacture 制造；加工；捏造
4.charge n. _____________→ adj. chargeable 应支付的；可以控诉的；可充电的→ n. _____________ 充电器；控诉者
5._____________ v. 强迫→ adj. forced 被迫的；强迫的→ adj. _____________ 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的→ adv. forcefully 强有力地；激烈地
6.brand n. _____________→ 近义词logo; label
7.upsetting adj. _____________→ adj. upset 心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的→ n. _____________ 混乱；翻倒→ v. upset 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱
8._____________ n. 不含酒精的饮料；软饮料
9.be introduced by _____________
10._____________ 适用于
11.It is believed that _____________
12.the _____________ level 推荐的水平
13.at a higher risk of _____________
14.go to _____________
15.had their sugar levels cut _____________
16._____________ 因为......
17._____________ 根据，依赖于，
18.for fear of _____________
19.are free of _____________
20.sports facilities 体育设施
21.is of great importance _____________
22.playing its part _____________
23._____________ 对…作出反应[回答]；服从；响应
24._____________ 减少；节省
25.be inferred about _____________
26._____________ adj. 目光短浅的
Step 5:请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's difficult to make accurate _____________ (predict) about the effects on the environment.
2.The proposal has _____________ (generation) a lot of interest.
3.Any expenses you may generate will be _____________ (charge) to the company.
4.Stress and _____________ (upset) events are an unavoidable part of life.
5.We want _____________ (introduction) the latest technology into schools.
6.The invention would have a wide range of _____________ (apply) in industry
7.They attach great _____________ (important) to the project.
8.You can't be _____________ (depend) on your parents all your life.
9.The product was developed in _____________ (respond) to customer demand.
10.The committee made _____________ (recommend) to the board on teachers' pay and conditions.
Step 6:请写出force在下列句中的词性和意义：
1.We will achieve much more by persuasion than by force . ____, _________
2.he court ruled that these standards have force in law. ____, _________
3.He joined the force twenty years ago. ____, _________
4.When do the new regulations come into force ____, _________
5.They were grabbed by three men who appeared to force them into a car. ____, _________
6.That evening police forced the door of the apartment and arrested Mr. Roberts. ____, _________
7.He changed our world through the force of his ideas. ____, _________
Step 7:长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3.However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount.
分析：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：
Step 8: a.做语法填空题; b.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; c.分析长难句。
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1 (journey ) the Belt and Road route by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for Interactional Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8 (high ) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 9 Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 9：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Story of Sugar Tax
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April ,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 1______ .
Initially, the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury.2______,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,which it will go to school sports.
3______, more than half of the soft drinks in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufactures . Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufactures’ efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litter of sugar drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.
4______.For example,Classic Coca, are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 m litters per year.
Today’s figures ,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part.5 ______ .
A.Some high sugar brands have accepted the tax.
B.Why was the sugar tax introduced
C.Thus,the tax came into being
D.In order to avoid paying high sugar taxes
E.The sugar tax is a success story
F.It is a near-sighed decision
G.However,the policy didn’t go as planed
Step 10：阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1.This passage is kind of a __________ .
A.life style B. business story C.news report D. history story
2.This passage is probably taken from __________ .
A.book review B.news paper C.travel guide D. business Daily
3.What is the purpose of the sugar tax
A. To promise teenagers healthy and active development
B. To meet the customers’ needs
C. To collect more money for the government
D .To reduce the sale of sugar drinks
4. What is the main factor that make today’s children and teenagers at a higher risk of the disease
A. They eat a lot of junk food.
B. They consume a lot of soft drinks.
C. They eat more than they need.
D. They consume three times sugar larger than the recommend level.
5.What is the reaction of some high sugar brands to the sugar tax
A.They raised their prices of the production
B.They accepted the tax and remained the quality of their production
C.They secretly reduced their their products’ sugar content
D.They advertised their production to meet the customer
6.What is the author’s opinion toward this tax policy
A.aggressive B.negative C.optimistic D.neutral
7.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Sugar tax is on the way
B.How to reduce the sugar content
C.Help children develop health lifestyle
D.A successful sugar policy
8. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The adults are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar.
B. Some drink companies are willing to pay for the sugar tax.
C. Collecting sugar tax is to protect children’s health.
D. All the soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers.
参考答案
Step1:
第1题：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。
第2题：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
第3题：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
第4题：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
Step 2概括本文大意：The article mainly covers the UK government's sugar tax on soft drinks to solve the health problems of children, whose income can be used for physical education at school.
Step 4：请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.predicted v. 预言，预测→adj. predictive 有前兆的；→ adv. predictably 可预言地；→ n. prediction 预报；预言
2.generate vt. 造成；产生；引起 →n. generation 产生；一代人；生殖 →adj. generative 生殖的；生产的
3.manufacturer n. 制造商，厂商→ adj. manufacturer n. 生产商，制造商→ n. manufactory 制造厂，工厂→ n. manufacture 制造；产品；制造业→ v. manufacture 制造；加工；捏造
4.charge n. 收费→ adj. chargeable 应支付的；可以控诉的；可充电的→ n. charger 充电器；控诉者
5.force v. 强迫→ adj. forced 被迫的；强迫的→ adj. forceful 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的→ adv. forcefully 强有力地；激烈地
6.brand n. 品牌→ 近义词logo; label
7.upsetting adj. 令人苦恼的→ adj. upset 心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的→ n. upset 混乱；翻倒→ v. upset 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱
8.soft drinks n. 不含酒精的饮料；软饮料
9.be introduced by 推行; 实施
10.applies to 适用于
11.It is believed that 有人认为…
12.the recommended level 推荐的水平
13.at a higher risk of 冒着.....更高的风险较
14.go to 转到，运用到
15.had their sugar levels cut 降低他们的含糖量
16.as a result of 因为......
17.depending on 根据，依赖于，
18.for fear of 害怕
19.are free of 免于，没有
20.sports facilities 体育设施
21.is of great importance 是非常重要的
22.playing its part 发挥其作用
23.respond to 对…作出反应[回答]；服从；响应
24.cut down on 减少；节省
25.be inferred about 依据......推断
26.short-sighted adj. 目光短浅的
Step 5: 请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's difficult to make accurate predictions (predict) about the effects on the environment.
2.The proposal has generated (generation) a lot of interest.
3.Any expenses you may generate will be chargeable (charge) to the company.
4.Stress and upsetting (upset) events are an unavoidable part of life.
5.We want to introduce (introduction) the latest technology into schools.
6.The invention would have a wide range of applications (apply) in industry
7.They attach great importance (important) to the project.
8.You can't be dependent (depend) on your parents all your life.
9.The product was developed in response (respond) to customer demand.
10.The committee made recommendations (recommend) to the board on teachers' pay and conditions.
Step 6 ：请写出force在下列句中的词性和意义：
1.We will achieve much more by persuasion than by force . n. 暴力
2.he court ruled that these standards have force in law. n. 效力
3.He joined the force twenty years ago. n. 警队
4.When do the new regulations come into force n. 开始实施
5.They were grabbed by three men who appeared to force them into a car. v. 强迫
6.That evening police forced the door of the apartment and arrested Mr. Roberts. v. 强行 (打开)
7.He changed our world through the force of his ideas. n. 影响力
Step 7: 长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
分析： 主句the first official data on the policy has shown.的宾语从句提前，as引导的比较状语从句中it would generate,是predicted宾语从句；brought in；generate两个谓语意义接近：带来，产生。
翻译： 关于软饮料的第一个官方数据显示，政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半。
2.It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
分析： 形式主语It代替that引导的主语从句，分词短语putting作为结果状语。
翻译： 据信，今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐水平的三倍，这使他们患糖的风险更高。
3.However, data of the first six months showed it would make half less than this amount.
分析： showed后面的宾语从句中，比较结构值得关注。
翻译： 然而，前六个月的数据显示，它将比这个数字少一半。
背诵以上三个比较结构句型：
1. A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原形+as+B。 如：Their campus is three times as large as ours.
2. A+谓语+倍数+名词+of+B。如：Their campus is half the size of ours.
3. A+谓语+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B。如：Their campus is twice larger than ours.
Step 8:步骤: a.做语法填空题; b.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处;c.分析长难句。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
1. to journey 2. who . held 4. A 5. protection 6. meaningful 7. has walked 8. highest 9. from 10. planning
1：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
2：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
4：考查冠词。句意：他一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
5：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
6：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
7：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
8：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
9：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
10：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
词汇与句型积累：
1.volunteer n. 志愿者，自告奋勇者
2.companion n. 同伴；陪伴
3.meaningful adj. 有意义隽
4.continents n. 大陆；大洲
5.visually-challenged 视障
6.a first step to 前往......的第一步
7.by foot 步行
8.lost his eyesight 失明
9.Inspired by 受到启发
10.the Belt and Road 一带一路
11.Forum for International Cooperation 国际合作论坛
12.cover the route by hiking 徒步走完这条路
13.promote environmental protection 促进环境保护
14.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
分析： 非限制性定语从句who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, 隔开了主句的主谓部分。
翻译：8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹生康，在1100公里的旅途中，穿越了三个省的40个市县。
15.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
分析： 分词短语Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation作为状语；分词短语 held in Beijing.作为定语
翻译：受到在北京举行的一带一路国际合作论坛的启发，曹决定通过徒步穿越这条路线来纪念古代丝绸之路。
Step 9:
参考答案：1.C 2.G 3.D 4.A 5.E
Step 10:
参考答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C
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