高考英语核心语法专题：状语从句精讲精练（含解析）学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语核心语法专题：状语从句精讲精练（含解析）
Part I 知识精讲
复合句是高考英语考查的重点内容之一。近年来，状语从句的考点比重有逐年增长的趋势。因此，同学们应对状语从句的学习与掌握引起足够的重视。
状语从句在复合句里起状语作用，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当成分。状语从句根据它们表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较等状语从句。
状语从句分类
时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, since, after, before, until, once, as soon as, hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner...than,the moment, the minute, immediately等引导
地点状语从句 where, wherever等引导
原因状语从句 because, since, as, for,now that等引导
结果状语从句 so ... that, such ... that, so that等引导
条件状语从句 if, unless, as / so long as, in case, on condition that等引导
目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等引导
方式状语从句 as, as if, as though等引导
让步状语从句 though, although, as, even if, even though, while, however, whatever... no matter+ how / what / who/where 等引导
要点精讲
一、时间状语从句
常用来引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when(当……的时候)，whenever(每 当)，after(在……之后)，before(在……之前)，as(当…… ;一边……一边)，as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than(一……就……)，while(在……期间)，till/until(直到)，since(自从)，once(一旦……就……)。如果主句是一般将来时，在时间状语从句中用一般现在时。如:
When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.土壤被毁坏之后，林地又会变成沙地。
They travelled until they came to a wild part of the forest.他们一直走到森林中--块野地里才停下来。
I'll return it as soon as I can.我会尽快归还的。
［注意1］while,when和as的用法比较
while意为“当……时候”，常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。如:
Don't talk so loud while others are working.别人工作时，请勿大声说话。
注意： while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然……但”讲。
I like watching TV, while he likes reading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。
While he has his own car, he often uses mine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。
when引导的时间状语从句，通常指时间的一点，从句的谓语动词用终止性动词;但它也可以指一段时间，从句中用持续性动词。when引导的从句表示的动作或状态，可以与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以是先后或紧接着发生。如:
He was only ten when he began to work.他10岁时就开始干活了。
It was raining hard when I got there.我到达那里时，正在下大雨。
as表示“当……时候”，往往可以和when互换，但它通常表示动作发生的过程，而不表示状态。在表示 "随着……"或 "一边…………一边……"的意思时，要用as。如:
As we walked we talked.我们边走边谈。
［注意2］since和before的用法比较
两者均可用于"It+be...+since/before-从句"的句型。区别在于since表示《自从……以来"，所在主、从句的谓语动词的时态关系是:It is/has been sometime since sb. did sth.。
而before的含义是 "(过了多久)才……"，主、从句的时态关系是:It was/had been some time before sb. did sth.。表过去和将来时，两者相应的句型分别是
It was some time since sb. had done sth.和It will be some time before sb. does sth.
如:It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他参加革命己三十年了。
It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。
［注意3］名词、副词作连词用
有时名词every time(每次)，the next time(下一次)，the next day(第二天)，the moment(一……就……)等，也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。如:
Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回来，都把鞋子丢在地板上。
Don't stop every time you come to a word or phrase you do not know.不要每遇到一个不认识的单词或短语就停下来。
I didn't have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次见你时，我身无分文。
The moment he reached the country, he started his search.他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
有些副词如immediately，instantly，directly等也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句，表示"一……就……"的意思。如:
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。
Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来。
［注意4］till/ until
till 和until 意义相同，多数情况下可以换用，但用以强调，句首多用until; 在强调结构或与not 连用时多用until. 例如：
Nothing can be done till/until the boss returns.
否定词位于句首，谓语动词要半倒装。
Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.
重点句型：强调句型：It is/was not until + 时间状语/时间状语从句+ that +主句，这种结构是it is强调句型，强调时间状语
【例】It was not until last night that Tom realized his fault.
［注意5］.hardly……when和no sooner……than(读后续写高分句型)
6.hardly……when和no sooner……than相当于as soon as 之意，也可引导时间状语从句。从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。hardly & no sooner 置于句首时，语气较强，主句的谓语要部分倒装。例如：
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
= Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
二、原因状语从句
原因状语从句一般由because(因为)，since(既然)，as(由于)，now that(既然，因为)等连词引导。
［注意］because,since,as,for和now that的用法比较
because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。如:
He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课，因为他病了。
since表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。如:
I’ll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。
as表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。如:
As you object, I'll change the plan.由于你反对，我将改变计划。
for是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。如:
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。
now that意为"既然"，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。如:
Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。
三、地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由where(在……地方; 那里)，wherever(无论哪里)引导。如:
We should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult.没有雨水的地方，农作是困难的。
You can take it with you wherever you go.
不论走到什么地方，你都可随身携带它。
四、让步状语从句
让步状语从句在中学英语中较为常见，高考也常常涉及。本文结合历年高考试题，总结归纳其常见考点。
(一)由although，though引导，意为“虽然”。
(二)由even if，eventhough引导，意为“即使；尽管”。
(三)由as引导，表示“尽管”。
____，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John．
A．As long as I have traveled B．Now that I have traveled so much
C．Much as I have traveled D．As I have traveled so much
［分析］_______C________。as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语、状语或主要动词应移到句首。若表语是名词，该名词无冠词修饰。
Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。
Long as the sentence is,its structure is very simple.句子虽长，但其结构很简单。
Try as I might，I couldn’t lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。
(四)由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”。no matter与what，which，who，how，when， where等疑问代词或副词连用。
(五)由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。如whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等。
VI．由whether．．．or引导，表示“不论……还是”。
In my opinion， they will carry on the work，____or not they can get the money they need．
A．until B．unless C．whether D．though
五、条件状语从句
条件状语从句一般由if(如果)，unless(除非)，once(一旦;只要)，as/so long as(如果;只要)，in case(假使),provided(that)，providing(that)，suppose,supposing,as long as，so long as，so far as，on condition that等。除这些词的语义差别外，需注意的是，条件状语从句也只能用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
例如:
Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.除非老师吩咐，否则就不要碰任何东西。
You may stay in my room, as long as you are quiet.只要你安静，你可以呆在我的房间。
If you work hard , you are sure to succeed.你如果努力工作的话，肯定会成功。
六、目的状语从句
目的状语从句一般由that(以便)，so that(以便)，in order that(以便)等连词引导，从句中的谓语动词一般含有情态动词，如:
Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.开车小心点，让大家多活几年。
She got up early in order that she might be in time for class.她起得早，以便按时去上课。
八、方式状语从句
方式状语从句一般由as(正如;按照)，as if/as though(好像),the way等引导，如:
He spoke as if he knew the question very well.
他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚。
You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。
难点①：as if引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。例如：
⑴I don't like Norman. He talks as if he knew everything.
⑵She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.
但在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if he is coming.(真实条件)
九、结果/程度状语从句
结果/程度状语从句一般由so that(结果是;以致)，so/such…that(如此……以至于)引导，如:
There were so many beautiful things that it was hard to choose.有那么多漂亮的东西，真不知挑哪样才好。
He is ill, so that he can't go to school.他病了，不能去上学了。
He became so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得说不出话来。
[注意]so…that与such…that的区别
这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词;such是形容词，后接名词。还须注意以下几点:
1. so…that用于以下四个句型：
so+形容词/副词+that…
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that…
so+ many(多) / few(少) +复数可数名词+that…
so+ much(多) /little(少) +不可数名词+that…
This teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和谒，我们都喜欢他。
He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得很快，我们都追不上他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
He has so many books that I can’t count them. 他有很多书，我数也数不清。
There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。
I have so little money that I cannot afford a car. 我的钱太少，买不起车。
2. such…that…用于以下三个句型：
such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that…
such+形容词+复数可数名词+that… （形容词是many、few，用so）
such+形容词+不可数名词+that… （形容词是much 、little (少)，用so）
such+不可数名词+that…
This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢看。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大，玻璃都震破了。
注意1：在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。如:
She is such a good teacher (=so good a teacher) that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。
2)如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。如:
3)如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。如:
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.我摔了好多次铰，周身青一块紫一块的。(复数可数名词)
George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可数名词)
注：若little表示“小”时，要用such。如：
They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩,什么事情都干不了。
教你巧学巧记:
so和such都有“这么，这样”之意，许多同学在使用它们时容易混淆。为帮助同学们掌握和记忆，请看下面一句顺口溜：
名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。
little属特殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。
十、状语从句的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it, 同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。
While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle. 当我在北京时，我和我叔叔住在一起。
I want to go swimming when (it is) possible. 如果可能的话，我想去游泳。
Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak .
奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。
（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时 ，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。。
如：Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。

高考专题训练：状语从句 （语法填空+句子翻译）
一．单句语法填空100题
1．Without a doubt, engaging in physical activity is one of the most important things, __________not the most important thing, that a person can do to enhance best functioning.
2．____I could say a word, she had rushed out of the room.
3．________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
4．It wasn’t ______ 1106 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London.
5．Over time, _____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces.
6．In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance ________ in comparison with light, it won’t be blocked by trees when travelling.
7．________ case you’re wondering, here’s why mobile data are so expensive in South Africa when compared with other countries.
8．Many of life’s failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success ________ they gave up.
9．China’s Silk Road Economic Belt, ________ accomplished, will quicken the economic growth of the countries along the route.
10．Sometimes it’s hard to accept the truth ________ the lie sounds so much better.
11．Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
12．—How about travelling abroad this winter holiday, just for a change
—OK. ________you want.
13．Man cannot discover new oceans ________ he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.
14．________ many of us today take the television for granted, it’s actually one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.
15．________ they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years’ experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities.
16．Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice even ________he/she may flee abroad.
17．Most people have to get to a point where they don’t have a choice ________they will change something.
18．The man hid himself behind the door waiting so________ no other people could see him negotiating with his manager about his promotion.
19．When you start to run longer, you will start to eat to fuel your body, and may even find that you need to eat more food every day ________you did when you were overweight.
20．France has been on lockdown since March 17, preventing anyone from leaving their home ________they are key workers or they go out to buy food or medicine.
21．I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. ________ they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.
22．In Japan, they are so pessimistic about the country’s future ________ they are avoiding material possessions.
23．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny ________ they think they are
24．______ the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the study of electricity.
25．He didn’t formally retire ______ last December. Then he flew to Italy to visit his daughter.
26．Word borrowing tends to happen ________ there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue.
27．Before departure, the two young men agreed to meet there again twenty years later, ________ their conditions might be.
28．He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even________he wants to.
29．________he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
30．I was really surprised that the workers could build it so well ________ even today it is not out of style.
31．Catherine and David always smiled at him and politely said hello to him when they met, ________ his reaction was.
32．________ the series’ success might have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried.
33．She says that she'll have to close the shop.________ business improves.
34．________the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
35．What matters is spending quality time with their children, ________tight their schedule is.
36．When the servants brought the steak ,he took out a fork and began to eat ________people did in Italy.
37．Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes ________she didn't even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.
38．Many women experience a time of sadness _________ they give birth to a baby.
39．________ or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city's evolution(演变).
40．Every day Mei watched them ________ they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so important to his art.
41．Natural bird habitats are most commonly found ________ there is an ample supply of water for drinking, swimming, and bathing.
42．________ he wants to convey,the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese to produce a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
43．________you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
44．One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15, 000 years ________ it was first invented.
45．________ he worked very hard, he didn’t finish the task on time.
46．They are ________ interesting books that I want to read them once more.
47．He liked it ________ much that he quickly walked into the shop.
48．Located ________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road Initiative.
49．Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
50．The boy was so tired ________ he fell asleep on the bus.
51．___ the numbers of such developments are relatively small, the market in the future is large.
52．I’ve never seen such a thing before; it is not half ______ wide as it is long.
53．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support.
54．The doctor was certain I would test positive for coronavirus, but gave me the option to test ________ I wanted to know for sure. I opted to be tested.
55．________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
56．One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________full one's schedule is in life.
57．________ there is determination and hope, there is solution to the problems.
58．There are several reasons for sleep. We sleep________we need to dream.
59．________there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty.
60．Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
61．One has reason to believe that China's anti corruption over the past few years, tough________it is, has achieved inspiring progress.
62．On our way to the house, it was raining __________ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
63．The young man disappeared into the crowd ________ I could express my thanks to him.
64．The Great Wall is ________ well-known a tourist attraction that millions of people go there every year.
65．The bus is always so crowded in the morning ________he has to stand on the way to work.
66．Something unpleasant must have happened to him if he didn't smile ________he always did.
67．His plan was such a good one ________ we all agreed to accept it.
68．I was having breakfast with my three children _________ water started filling my home.
69．But he had no time for his dream ________ his work kept him too busy.
70．Her balance is ______ good that she can help to stabilize the board for the kids.
71．The dinoflagellate is so tiny ______ 6，000 of these organisms may be contained in a single drop of water.
72．______most kids were going to the movies on weekends, George preferred to design his own special projects.
73．______he wants to convey, the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese to produce a couplet with several characters that is excellent in both content and language.
74．It is difficult for you to show no respect for him in the heart ______ you have ever loved Kobe or not.
75．The game system will remind players the time they have been playing and young players will be forced to log out ______ the time is up.
76．A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains ______we match our music to our feelings.
77．He knew that cholera would not be controlled ______its cause was found.
78．We must learn by using the language. ______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
79．The fear is that ______we don’t start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
80．A car crash left Ian, a six-year-old boy, with brain damage. ______ he had loved surfing before the accident, he was too nervous to go back into the water.
81．Pahlsson screamed______ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
82．Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when you think of hearing loss, but in a recent report,hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults ______ it comes to living with hearing loss.
83．They put on protective suits and gloves______they entered the building.
84．This could be bad news if you still primarily use cash, ______ that’s how you pay your bills or how you budget.
85．________ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
86．Mr. Smith had to go to work by bus this morning ________ his car was being repaired.
87．I’m sorry to inform you that you can’t take possession of the property ________ the contract is signed.
88．______long it takes, we are determined to finish the task.
89．I was writing a letter to my pen friend in the US ________ the light went out.
90．Some news will excite their readers instantly________others won't.
91．________ you had paid more attention to your study, you would have passed the exam.
92．It was not long ________a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
93．Yes, but it is not as easy________you imagine.
94．________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
95．________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
96．The firefighters were about to give up rescuing _________a weak voice came out of the ruins.
97．Wuhan lies ______________ the Changjiang River and The Han river meet.
98．I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate _______ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.
99．Much ____________ I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
100．If it ________an interesting film, we'll see it tomorrow. (be)
参考答案和解析：
1．if
【详解】考查连词。句意：毫无疑问，参加体育活动如果不是最重要的事情，也是最重要的事情之一，一个人可以参加体育活动来提高最佳功能。not the most important thing是is one of the most important things的前提条件，所以应用if引导条件状语从句，此处省略it is，it代指engaging in physical activity。故填if。
2．Before
【详解】句意：我还没来得及说话，他就冲出了房间。此处表示“在……之前”，故填Before。
3．However##No matter how
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：不管你怎么努力，不减少你的食量是很难减肥的。此处表示“无论如何、不管怎样”，故填However/No matter how。
4．until
【详解】考查连词。句意：直到1106年，托马斯·特温才在伦敦创建了世界上第一家干茶和咖啡店。分析句子结构，本句使用强调句句型“it was not until...that...”，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，所以空处应用连词until。故填until。
5．as##when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，人口不断增长，人们开始将食物切成小块。分析句子结构，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着/当……时候”，应用as/when引导从句。故填as/when。
6．because
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：森林中，声音是远距离交流的最好方法，因为与光相比，声音不会在传播过程中被树阻挡。结合语意，“与光相比，它不会在传播过程中被树阻挡”与“声音是远距离交流的最好方法”之间是因果关系，所以此处应用表原因的连词because。故填because。
7．In
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：以防你想知道，以下解释了为什么南非与其他国家相比，其移动数据如此昂贵。结合句意“以防”，此处应用in case引导目的状语从句。句首字母要大写。故填In。
8．when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：有些人在放弃时并没有意识到自己离成功有多近，他们会经历很多人生中的失败。结合语意，此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
9．once
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：中国丝绸之路经济带一旦建成，将加快沿线国家的经济增长。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句主语和主句主语一致且谓语动词中含有“be”，故省略了从句主语和谓语动词中的“be”，根据句意可知，应用“once”引导从句，意为“一旦”。故填once。
10．because##as##since
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：有时候事实真相很难接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。根据句子结构和句意可知，前后两句是因果关系，所以用从属连词because/as/since(因为)连接，引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
11．though##while##although
【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管历史不能改变，但为了面对未来，我们还是要从历史中学会教训。分析句子结构，设空处应用连词引导让步状语从句。结合句意，连词while或although或though可以用来表示让步和转折。故填while或although或though。
12．whatever
【详解】考查状语从句。句意为：——这个寒假出国旅游怎么样，只是为了换换口味？——好的，随便你。根据句子结构和句意可知，这是一个省略句，此处用连接代词whatever引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论什么”，在从句中做宾语。故填whatever。
13．unless
【详解】考查连词。句意：人类无法发现新的海洋，除非他有勇气忽视海岸。分析句子，设空处应用连词引导条件状语从句。结合句意，“除非，如果不”应用连词unless。故填unless。
14．While##Although##Though
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们今天很多人认为电视是理所当然的，但它实际上是20世纪最伟大的发明之一。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while、although或though，句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Although/Though。
15．Unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非他们极有天赋，否则对于仅有几年经验的模特来说，很难给大公司留下深刻印象并赢得机会。结合语意，they are extremely talented是it can be really hard for models with just a few years’ experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities这种情况不成立的条件，所以此处应用unless，意为“除非，如果不”，表条件。句首字母要大写。故填Unless。
16．if##though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：任何违法者都必须被逮捕回国内并且对其进行法律制裁，即使他/她可能潜逃到国外。结合语意，he/she may flee abroad是对Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice的让步，所以此处应填if或though，与even构成even if和even though，意为“即使”，表示让步。故填if或though。
17．before
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：多数人都要经历一种走投无路的时刻，才会做出改变。根据“get to a point where they don’t have a choice ”和“they will change something”可知，句子表示“多数人都要经历一种走投无路的时刻，才会做出改变”，before在状语从句中表示“……才……”的意思。故填before。
18．that
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：这个男人躲在门背后等待着，以便没有人能够看到他和他的经理商量着升职的事。结合句意，no other people could see him negotiating with his manager about his promotion是The man hid himself behind the door waiting的目的，所以此处应用so that引导目的状语从句。故填that。
19．than
【详解】考查连词。句意：当你开始跑步更长时间时，你会开始吃东西来为你的身体提供能量，甚至可能会发现你每天需要吃的食物比你超重时多。分析句子结构，设空处应用连词。结合句意及空前more可知，此处表示比较，应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。
20．unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：法国从3月17日就开始封锁了，任何人都不能离开家，除非他们是主要劳动者，或者他们是出去购买食物或药品。结合语意，they are key workers or they go out to buy food or medicine是preventing anyone from leaving their home这种情况不成立的条件，所以此处应用unless，意为“除非，如果不”，表条件。故填unless。
21．As long as
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：只要他们知道我在做什么，他们就不会介意。引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用as long as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As long as。
22．that
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：在日本，他们对国家的未来如此悲观，以至于他们不追求物质财富。根据固定句型“so…that”意为“如此……以至于”可知，此空应填连词that，构成结果状语从句。故填that。
23．as
【详解】考查连词。句意：是外国人不懂英式幽默，还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣？根据“just not so funny”和“they think they are”可知此处要用连词，短语so...as...意为“与……一样”。故填as。
24．Whatever
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管真相如何，富兰克林确实对电学的研究做出了贡献。由“Franklin did make contributions to the study of electricity”可知，句子表示“不管真相如何，富兰克林确实对电学的研究做出了贡献”，空格处意为“无论什么”，用whatever引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Whatever。
25．until
【详解】考查连词。句意：他直到去年12月才正式退休，然后就飞往意大利去看望女儿了。not…until…直到……才……，是一个固定句型，引导时间状语从句，故填until。
26．when
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：单词借用往往会发生在母语中没有合适的词来表达某一物体或思想的时候。分析句意可知，此句为时间状语从句，意为“当......的时候”，故填when。
27．whatever
【详解】考查连词。句意：出发前，这两个年轻人同意二十年后再在那里见面，不管他们的条件如何。分析句子可知，该处为连词whatever引导的让步状语从句。意为“不论……，不管……怎样”。结合句意为“不管他们的条件如何”。故填whatever。
28．though##if
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他很忙，即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。分析句子可知，“cannot afford enough time ”和“he wants to”形成转折关系，even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”。故填though或if。
29．Where
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有更进一步、不断向前的决心。根据“he once felt like giving up”可知，此处引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的地方”。故填Where。
30．that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我真的很惊讶，工人们能把它建得这么好，直到今天它还没有过时。与前面的so构成so…that句型，引导结果状语从句。故填that。
31．whatever
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：Catherine和David总是对他微笑，并礼貌地向他打招呼，不管他的反应如何。本句是由从属连词whatever(无论什么)引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。故填whatever。
32．Although##Though##While
【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管该系列的成功可能有好的一面，但许多老师和家长都很担心。根据前后句意逻辑关系可知填Although/ Though/ While，引导让步状语从句，意为尽管。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/ Though/ While.
33．Unless
【详解】考查连词。句意：她说她将不得不关闭店铺，除非生意好转。根据句意可知，此处为unless引导的条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，相当于 if.not...。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Unless。
34．Although##Though##While
【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然这项工作花费大量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。据前后句意逻辑关系可知填Although/Though/While，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
35．however
【详解】考查连词。不管家长的日常安排有多么紧张，最重要的是要和孩子们共度高质量的时光。本句为however+形容词+主语+be 动词 构成的让步状语从句。故填however。
36．as
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当仆人们拿来牛排时，他拿出一把叉子，开始像意大利人一样吃东西。结合句意可知此处是as引导的方式状语从句。表示“如同，按照……的样子”。故填as。
37．that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：强淑萍很忙碌地制作布鞋，甚至端午节假期都没休息。so...that...“如此……以至于……”为固定句型，引导结果状语从句。故填that。
38．after
【详解】考查连词。句意：许多妇女在生完孩子后都会经历一段悲伤的时光。分析句子可知，此处为连词after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在……之后”。故填after。
39．Whether
【详解】考查连接词。句意：不管你是否同意，这句话确实反映了它在城市发展中的重要作用。根据whether...or not...无论……还是……， 故填Whether。
40．as##when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：每天当它们飞翔的时候梅都看着它们，这帮助他发展了富有表现力的眼部运动，这对他的艺术非常重要。分析句子结构以及句意可知，设空处为as/when引导时间状语从句， 意为“当……时候”。故填as/when。
41．where
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：天然的鸟类栖息地最常见的地方是有充足的饮用水，游泳和洗澡的水供应。分析句子可知，设空处连词引导地点状语从句，应用where引导。故填where。
42．Whatever##No matter what　
【详解】考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和语言驾驭能力，能用几个字写出一副语言和内容俱佳的好对联。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句并在从句中作动词convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故填Whatever/No matter what。
43．Unless
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你就不能集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性。根据句意可知，此处是条件状语从句，unless意为“除非，如果不”符合句意，句首大写。故填Unless。
44．after
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓箭，在它被发明15000年后，至今仍在全世界使用。根据句意可知，本空应填连词after引导时间状语从句，表示“在……以后”。故填after。
45．Although##Though
【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然他工作非常努力，但是他还是没有按时完成任务。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“虽然”的意思的连词连接两个句子，上下文构成让步状语从句的结构。故填Although/Though。
46．such
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这些书很有趣，我想再读一遍。such + （形容词）+ 可数名词复数 + that从句，中心词为名词，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填such。
47．so
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他非常喜欢它，所以他很快走进了商店。so ... that ...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰much,。故填so。
48．where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对“一带一路倡议”贡献更多。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
49．since
【详解】考查连词。句意：Mark需要学汉语，由于他的公司将在北京开设分公司。空格处表原因，因此用since引导原因状语从句。故填since。
50．that
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：那男孩太累了，以致于他在公共汽车上睡着了。分析句子可知空格之前的部分“The boy was so tired”和之后的部分“he fell asleep on the bus”是两个简单句，因此空格处需要使用一个连接词。又因为两个简单句表达的含义为因果关系，且根据“so+adj./adv....+that...如此……以致于……”可知空格处应使用连接词that。故填that。
51．While##Although##Though
【详解】考查连接词。句意：尽管此类开发项目的数量相对较少，但未来的市场规模巨大。根据句子中的small和large对比可知，逗号前是让步状语从句。可用While/Although/Though 引导，As引导让步状语从句时需倒装。故填While/Although/Though。
52．as
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我以前从没见过这样的东西，它的宽不及长的一半。此处考查句型“as +形容词/副词（原级）+as +比较对象”，意为“和.....一样……”，故填as。
53．unless
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知，这里用从属连词unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。
54．if
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：医生确信我会检测出冠状病毒阳性，但如果我想确定的话，他给了我检测的选择权。我选择做检测。由语境可知，医生觉得我没必要做检测了，但如果我想要做，可以做。此处需要一个连词引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。故填if。
55．As
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口平均年龄的增加，有越来越多的老人需要被照顾。空格处是从句，表示时间，根据句意表达“随着”，应用连接词as。故填As。
56．how
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：一个人总是可以设法做更多的事，不管他生活中的日程安排得多满。让步状语从句中，no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv.的原则，本题中full是形容词，故填how。
57．Where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：有决心和希望，问题就有解决的办法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查状语从句；根据句意，此处用where来引起地点状语从句，表示具体性或理念性的意义，表意为“只要在……的地方”。注意，此空位于句子开头，单词首字母要大写。故填Where。
58．because
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：睡眠的意义有很多。其中之一就是我们需要做梦。由第一句中的“reason”可知，后一句是解释睡眠的意义。故“做梦”就是原因之一。故填because.
59．Though##While##Although
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然没有确凿的证据，但大多数人都认为他有罪。“no conclusive evidence”和“he was guilty”之间形成转折关系，空处表示“虽然”应用though/while/although引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Though/While/Although。
60．that
【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：我们到这个周末再摘这些桃子吧。这样一来，它们到时候很甜，就好吃了。结合前后句意可知，暂时不现在摘下桃子的目的是为了过几天桃子变得更甜些，口感更好。结合上文so可知，此处为so that…引导的目的状语从句。故填that。
61．as##though
【详解】考查让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：人们有理由相信，中国过去几年的反腐工作，尽管困难重重，但取得了令人鼓舞的进展。tough为形容词，此处表语前置，使用了部分倒装，空处表示“尽管”，as/though引导让步状语从句时，使用部分倒装。故填as/though。
62．so
【详解】考查副词。句意：在我回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想着还有多久才能到那里。该空格处应填写so与后面的that共同构成so+adv.+that…，that结果状语从句。故填so。
63．before
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我还没来得及向那个年轻人表示感谢，他就消失在人群中了。根据句意及所给句子可知，The young man disappeared into the crowd发生在I could express my thanks to him之前，应用连接词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
64．so
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：长城是一个如此著名的旅游景点以至于每年有数百万人去那里。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型so+adj. that …“如此……，以至于……”。故填so。
65．that
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：早上的公共汽车总是那么拥挤，他不得不站在上班的路上。结合句意可知，本句使用了结果状语从句，so...that...固定短语，“如此...以至于...”，故填that。
66．as
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：要是他不像以前那样微笑的话,那他肯定是遇到了令他不高兴的事。分析可知，设空处引导方式状语从句，意为“像”，故填as。
67．that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他的计划很好，我们都同意接受。引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”为such...that...。故填that。
68．when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时水突然开始灌满我的家。根据固定句型be doing sth when ...（正在做某事，这时突然……）可知，空格处填when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
69．because
【详解】考查连词。句意：但是他没有时间追求梦想，因为他的工作让他太忙了。分析句意可知两句之间的关系为因果关系，要使用连接词because，故填because。
70．so
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：她的平衡能力很好，可以帮助孩子们稳定滑板。此处good是形容词，由so修饰，是so…that引导的结果状语从句。故填so。
71．that
【详解】考查连接词。句意：这些生物的腰鞭毛虫是那么小，以致于这些有机体的6000个单位可能包含在一滴水里。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词，再结合句意可知，so…that…用来引导状语从句，意为“如此……以致于”，故填that。
72．While##Though##Although
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然大多数孩子周末都去看电影，但乔治更喜欢自己设计一些特别的项目。While/Though/Although放在句首表示“虽然……”，符合句子的让步关系。故填While/Though/Although。
73．Whatever
【详解】考查状语从句的引导词。句意：无论想要表达什么，作者都需要精通汉语和总结，用几个字写出一副内容和语言都很好的对联。空格处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever作convey的宾语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whatever。
74．whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你是否爱过科比，你内心都很难不尊重他。与后面的or not构成搭配，引导让步状语从句，意为“不管你喜欢还是不喜欢”。 故填whether。
75．when##if
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：游戏系统会提醒玩家他们已经玩了多长时间，当时间到了，年轻玩家将被迫退出游戏。表示“当规定的时间结束的时候”，可以使用when引导时间状语从句；表示“如果规定的时间结束了”，则可以使用if引导条件状语从句，故填when/if。
76．when##as
【详解】考查连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
77．until
【详解】考查连词。句意：他知道只有找到霍乱的起因霍乱才能得到控制。此处考查not...until...意为“直到……才……”。故用连词until。故填until。
78．If
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：我们必须通过使用语言来学习。如果我们只满足于记住几条规则，那我们就不是真正在学习这门语言。根据句意可知，前后句之间是一种假设关系，应用连接词If引导条件状语从句。故填If。
79．if
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果我们不尽快将这种垃圾带出天空，它将对现役卫星构成重大威胁。整体句子是主系表结构，The fear是主语， that引导表语从句，后半句根据句意，空格处是条件状语从句的引导词，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
80．Although##Though##While
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然事故发生前他很喜欢冲浪，但他太紧张了，不敢再下水。分析句子结构，再结合句意可知，空处表示“尽管”，应用Although/Though/While引导的让步状语从句，故填Although/Though/While。
81．so
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：帕尔松大声尖叫，她的女儿从房子里跑了出来。根据“loudly ”和空后的“that”可知，此处需用so和that构成固定句型，so…that,如此…以至于，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
82．when
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。句意：当提到听力丧失时，我们首先想到的是老年人，但在最近的一份报告中，听力专家担心，就听力丧失而言，青少年的数量将很快超过老年人。本句为句型when it comes to sth当谈及某事，其中when引导时间状语从句，故填when。
83．before
【详解】考查连词。句意：他们在进入大楼前穿上了防护服和手套。根据句意可知，“they entered the building”是时间状语从句，发生在主句“They put on protective suits and gloves”之前，应用连词before引导，表示“在……之前”。故填before。
84．whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你是使用现金付钱还是使用现金做预算，如果你还使用现金的话这可能是一个坏消息。这是一个让步状语从句，表达：“无论……还是……”，英语用whether…or。故填whether。
85．When##If
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当它哭了的时候/如果它（小熊猫）哭了，熊猫妈妈会摇晃它，用手掌轻拍安慰它。此处表示“当……时候”或者“如果”，需用when引导时间状语从句或者if引导条件状语从句。故填When/If。
86．because##as## for
【详解】考查连词。句意为：史密斯先生今天早上不得不乘公共汽车上班，因为他的汽车正在修理中。设空处引导原因状语从句，故填because或as或for，表示“因为”。故填because/as/for。
87．until
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我很抱歉地通知你，合同签订后你才能拥有这笔财产。根据语境可知，此处为not ... until ...句型，意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
88．However
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论花费多长时间，我们都决定完成这个任务。本句为含有让步状语从句的主从复合句，修饰副词long应用连接副词however；“ however + adj./adv. +主语+谓语”意为“无论多么……”，故填However。
89．when
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在给美国笔友写信时，灯突然灭了。be doing sth...when ...为固定句型，意为“正在做……，突然发生了……”。故填when。
90．while
【详解】考查连接词。句意：有些新闻能立即引起读者的兴趣，而有些则不能。根据句意表示前后的对比，应用连接词while。故填while。
91．If
【详解】考查连词。句意：如果你多注意你的学习，你就会通过考试了。此空需用连词连接逗号前后两句话，结合句意，可知此空用if引导虚拟条件状语从句，表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done，故填if。
92．before
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。“It was not+一段时间+before…”为固定句型，意为“没过多久就……”。故填before。
93．as
【详解】考查固定表达。句意：是的，但是它不像你想象的那么容易。分析可知，此处为not as...as “与……不一样”，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。故填as。
94．Although
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了很多，但是我们还有许多未知的东西。后文“there is much we still don't know”和前文“scientists have learned a lot about the universe”语义转折，空格处可用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句，句首字母大写。故填Although。
95．Although/Though/While/Even though
【详解】考查状语从句从属连词。句意：虽然（尽管）有规律的锻炼很重要，但是在睡前锻炼绝对不是一个好主意。后文“it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime”和前文“regular exercise is very important”语义转折，所以空格处可用although或though或while或even though“虽然；尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While/Even though。
96．when
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：消防队员正准备放弃营救，这时从废墟中传来一个微弱的声音。根据句型be about to...when，表示正要做某事,突然发生其他事，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故填when。
97．where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：武汉位于长江和汉江的交汇处。分析句子结构可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据空后“the Changjiang River and The Han river meet.”可知，此处需用where引导地点状语。故填where。
98．when
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我还没来得及在火车上坐下，打开一块巧克力，就有一个拎着大袋子的老人在我对面坐了下来。前句“I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate”和后句“a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me”描述的事情属于同一时间发生，所以应用when表示时间关联。故填when。
99．as/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管我很佩服他的勇气，但我认为他的行为并不明智。由句意可知，本句是由as/though（尽管）引导的让步状语从句，本句进行了部分倒装，将状语提到as/though前面，原句为：As/Though I admire his courage much。故填as/though。
100．is
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果它是一部有趣的电影，我们明天就去看它。句中if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，主句是一般将来时，根据主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时。故填is。
写作运用。
A完成句子
1．男孩焦急地在操场上到处跑着，仿佛在找什么丢失的东西。（状语从句的省略）
The boy is running anxiously here and there in the playground_______________________.
【答案】as if searching for something lost
考查状语从句的省略。本句为状语从句的省略，再结合句意可知，还原后为：as if the boy is searching for something lost,因主句主语和从句主语相同，且从句有be 动词，故省略了主语和be动词。故填as if searching for something lost。
2．有必要时你需要做些提升。(when状语从句的省略)
You need to
_____________________________________________________________.
【答案】make some improvements when necessary.
考查动词短语和状语从句的省略。表示“做一些提升”为make some improvements，因为need to do sth.，所以用动词原形；表示“有必要时”用when引导时间状语从句的省略，完整的从句应该是when it is necessary，这是一种习惯上的省略，省掉it is。故填make some improvements when necessary。
3．虽然十分疲倦，我们对能够帮助别人感到兴奋。（状语从句的省略）
_________________________________________, we felt excited to be able to help others.
【答案】Although/ Though quite tired
考查状语从句的省略。根据句意可知，从句表示让步，故可用although或though引导让步状语从句，该句可译although/ though we were quite tired，又因从句中主语与主句主语一致，并且谓语动词为be的形式，故可省去we were，故填Although/ Though quite tired。
4．考试的时候,不要作弊,否则你将会受到严厉的惩罚。(状语从句的省略)
Don't cheat ______________________________________. Otherwise, you will be severely punished.
【答案】while taking an exam
考查省略。在一些状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。此处主句为祈使句，暗含的主句主语为you，与从句主语一致。从句补充完整是while you are taking an exam，此处省略了you are。故填while taking an exam。
5．________________________________________, he took an umbrella with him.
他每次出门都带着伞。(every time引导状语从句)
【答案】Every time he went out
考查时间状语和时态。短语every time可以作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“每次……”。“出去”表达为go out，是从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可判定从句也应用一般过去时。故填Every time he went out。
6．随着一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强。(as引导的时间状语从句）
__________________________________________________ , China is getting richer and stronger.
【答案】As years go by
考查时间状语从句。分析句子可知，设空处应为时间状语从句，从句主语应是years，谓语应是短语go by，译为“时间流逝”，根据句意，此处应使用一般现在时。故填As years go by。
7．自从他3年前离开，我们没有见过彼此。(since引导时间状语从句)
We haven't seen each other _______________________________________ 3 years ago.
【答案】since he left
考查时态和连词。根据汉语提示，此处用since引导时间状语从句，此时主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，故“他离开”应用he left表示。故填since he left。
8．________________________________ she will take me to the park.
如果我妈妈有空, 她将会带我去公园。(if引导条件状语从句)
【答案】If my mother is free
考查状语从句和动词时态。句意：如果我妈妈有空, 她将会带我去公园。if如果，引导条件状语从句；my mother我的妈妈，从句主语；be是，谓语；free空闲的，形容词作表语；结合主句的“will take”可知，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主语为my mother，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故答案是If my mother is free。
9．如果开得太快，你可能会出事故。(if引导的条件状语从句)
___________________________________________________， you may have an accident.
【答案】If you drive too fast
考查if引导的条件状语从句。“if+ sb. + v.”构成if引导的条件状语从句，且根据主句时态可知，从句用一般现在时表将来。表达“开得太快”应用短语drive too fast。故填If you drive too fast。
10．Now that he works and can take care of himself, his daughter has time to study at university. (now that引导原因状语从句)
____________________________________________________, we might as well go a little farther.
我们既然都走这么远了，不妨再往前走一点。
【答案】Now that we’ve gone so far
考查原因状语从句和时态。题目要求用now that引导原因状语从句仿写句子，由句意可知，go (走)这个动作，是从过去发生一直持续到现在，可用现在完成时，副词far (远)，注意首字母大写。故填Now that we’ve gone so far。
11．无论他去什么地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(everywhere引导地点状语从句)
_________________________________________, he will never forget that terrible experience.
【答案】Everywhere he goes
考查时态和主谓一致。此处为地点状语从句，表示“无论何处”用“everywhere”引导地点状语从句，此处表示客观实际情况，应用一般现在时；从句中主语为“he”，谓语动词应用单数形式；且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Everywhere he goes。
B、句型转换
12．We won’t go to his party. He invites us. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
We won’t go to his party __________________________________.
【答案】unless he invites us
考查状语从句。句意：除非他邀请我们，我们不去参加他的聚会。改为含状语从句的复合句，分析句意可知，后文是前文的条件，结合句意，unless“除非”符合题意，故填unless he invites us。
13．It snows. We will have a day or two off tomorrow. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
____________________________________________, we will have a day or two off.
【答案】If it snows tomorrow
考查状语从句。句意：如果明天下雪，我们将休息一两天。根据句意和提示，改为含有状语从句的复合句可知，前文是后文的条件，根据句意if“如果”符合句意，故填If it snows tomorrow。
14．The doctor was tired. He went on working. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
_________________________________________________________, he went on working.
【答案】Although the doctor was tired
考查状语从句。句意：医生虽然累了，但他还是继续工作。根据原句可知，用连词although连接两句，表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。根据句意，故填Although the doctor was tired。
15．You must work hard. Then you can fulfil your plan ahead of time.(改为目的状语从句)
→______________________________________________________________________
【答案】You must work hard in order that you can fulfil your plan ahead of time.
考查状语从句。句意：为了能提前完成计划，你必须努力工作。此处可改为in order that引导的目的状语从句，表示“为了”，从句中常用may，can，will等情态动词。故改为You must work hard in order that you can fulfil your plan ahead of time.
16．John told a very funny story. Mary wanted to hear it again. (改为结果状语从句)
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【答案】John told such a funny story that Mary wanted to hear it again.
考查结果状语从句。句意：约翰讲了一个非常搞笑故事。玛丽想要再听一次。根据提示要求将这两个句子转化为结果状语从句，so/such...that...“如此……以至于……”可以引导结果状语从句，结合“a very funny story”的中心词是名词，故此处用such+ a+ adj.+n.这种结构。故改为John told such a funny story that Mary wanted to hear it again.
B汉译英（整句）
1．汤姆仍然对生活满怀希望，如同十年前一样。(as 引导方式状语从句)
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【答案】Tom still feels/is still hopeful about (his) life as he did/was ten years ago.
考查as 引导方式状语从句。根据句意，句子叙述现在的情况，用一般现在时；短语“对……满怀希望”be /feel hopeful about …；as 引导方式状语从句，意思为“正如，就像”；根据时间状语“十年前”，从句用一般过去时；as后的从句谓语动词相应地用did或was。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译成Tom still feels/is still hopeful about (his) life as he did/was ten years ago。
2．Everywhere...无论哪里……（引导地点状语从句时，相当于wherever）
例句：Everywhere she goes, she will receive warm welcome.
仿写：无论他走到哪，我都会找到他。
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无论他去哪儿旅行，他都会给我寄来明信片。
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【答案】Everywhere he goes, I will find him.Everywhere he has a trip, he will send a postcard to me.
第一句：考查让步状语从句。“特殊疑问词+ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。而“no matter+特殊已完成”只能引人让步状语从句。本句中Everywhere he goes相当于Wherever he goes/No matter where he goes。
第二句：考查让步状语从句。“特殊疑问词+ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。而“no matter+特殊已完成”只能引人让步状语从句。本句中Everywhere he has a trip相当于wherever he has a trip/No matter where he has a trip。
3．一旦启动，今年这个工程就很难停下来。(once引导的状语从句的省略) （汉译英）
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【答案】The project is hard to stop once begun this year.
考查短语、时态和省略。be hard to do sth.很难做某事；this year今年。once一旦，引导条件状语从句。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为 be，常省略从句的主语和 be 动词，所以从句中省略了it is。根据句意，主从句用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为The project is hard to stop once begun this year.
4．虽然汤姆有许多优点，但他也有缺点。(while引导的让步状语从句)（汉译英）
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【答案】While Tom has many strengths, he has his shortcomings.
考查让步状语从句。表示“虽然”用while，表示“有”用have，表示“许多优点”用many strengths；分析句子结构可知，前半句用while引导让步状语从句，句子描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，所以翻译为While Tom has many strengths；表示“缺点”用名词复数形式shortcomings，所以后半句翻译为he has his shortcomings。故翻译为While Tom has many strengths, he has his shortcomings。
5．无论情况多糟糕，在紧急情况下我们都要试图保持冷静。(让步状语从句) (汉译英）
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【答案】No matter how/However awful/terrible the situation is, we should make an attempt to keep calm in an emergency.
考查状语从句、固定句型和时态。此处为no matter how或however引导的让步状语从句，表示“糟糕”可用形容词awful或terrible，从句主语为situation，时态为一般现在时；主句主语为we，表示“试图做某事”短语为make an attempt to do sth.；表示“保持冷静”短语为keep calm；表示“在紧急情况下”短语为in an emergency。故翻译为No matter how/However awful/terrible the situation is, we should make an attempt to keep calm in an emergency.
6．每次看到这张老照片，它总是让我想起我的童年。（状语从句，remind...of)
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【答案】Every time/Each time/Whenever I see/saw this old photo,it always reminds/reminded me of my childhood.或I was/ am always reminded of my childhood.
考查时间状语从句。分析句子可知，本句为Every time/Each time/Whenever引导的时间状语从句，主句部分“让我想起我的童年”可用物作主语it always reminds/reminded me of my childhood或者人作主语I was/ am always reminded of my childhood。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Every time/Each time/Whenever I see/saw this old photo,it always reminds/reminded me of my childhood.或I was/ am always reminded of my childhood。
7．随着时间的推移，这个国家变得越来越强大。（as引导的时间状语从句）
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【答案】As the time goes by, the country is getting stronger and stronger.
考查时间状语从句。分析可知，“随着时间推移”为时间状语从句，用as 引导，即：as the time goes by。主句主语为“这个国家（the country）”, 谓语为“变得（get）”，时态可选用现在进行时，比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”。故翻译为：As the time goes by, the country is getting stronger and stronger.
8．父母应该给孩子买太阳镜，因为在炎热的天气里保护眼睛是很有必要的。（because引导的原因状语从句）
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【答案】Parents should buy sunglasses for children because eye protection is very necessary in hot weather.
考查原因状语从句。分析可知，“因为在炎热的天气里保护眼睛是很有必要的”为原因状语从句，可由because引导，从句用主系表句式结构，主语为“eye protection”。主句可用情态动词should 。故翻译为：Parents should buy sunglasses for children because eye protection is very necessary in hot weather.
9．他如果提高自己的技能，将会容易找到工作。（if引导条件状语从句）
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【答案】If he improves his skills， he will easily find a job.
考查连词和动词时态。本句为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用连词if；且结合句意主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，从句主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为If he improves his skills, he will easily find a job.
10．你应该在会议上保持沉默，除非被邀请讲话。(状语从句的省略)
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【答案】You should remain silent at the conference unless invited to speak.
考查状语从句的省略。根据汉语意思表示“保持沉默”短语为remain silent；表示“在会议上”短语为at the conference；且此处为unless连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。故翻译为You should remain silent at the conference unless invited to speak.
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