(共42张PPT)
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth.
人教新目标版 九年级上
SectionA 2d
Grammar Focus-4c公开课
Learning objectives
1. Curriculum words: advantage, cost , wooden, plastic, take away , bin, afford, reusable, transportation
2. Useful expressions：cut down, instead of, play a part in, make a difference, lead to,take part in, turn off, pay for, take action
3. Functions：Talk about pollution and environmental protection.
4. Grammar：能够正确区分和使用以下语法结构：现在进行时、 used to、被动语态、现在完成时、情态动词等。
Warming up
Do you know World Earth Day
Why
What
When
It is on April 22.
It was first celebrated in 1970.
The earth is more polluted.
The theme is to protect the environment and save the earth.
Plant trees.
Save energy and water.
Take public transportation.
Use plastic or wooden things less.
……
Earth Day
Jason Susan
air pollution
waste pollution
Ride a bike.
Take the bus or subway instead of driving.
Bring a bag to go shopping.
remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful.
Never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when he buys takeaway food.
ways
problems
What can we do to reduce the pollution in 2d
New drills
Listen and complete.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what are your ideas for solving these
problems
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or
subway instead of driving.
Susan: Yeah, or ride a bike. There are other advantages of bike riding.
It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
Interviewer: Great ideas! What about waste pollution
减少；砍倒
Role-play the conversation.
2d
Susan: Mmm, I think simple things like bringing a bag to go
shopping can help. I started doing that a year ago.
Jason: Me, too. Also, I never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks
when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home.
Susan: And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public
places clean and beautiful for everyone.
Interviewer: So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a
better future!
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
有作用；有影响
difference前可用big等词修饰
导致；通向
make a difference to 对……有影响或作用
Language points
1.Well,to cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
cut down 砍倒； 减少 People cut down many trees so a lot of
animals lose their homes.人们砍倒了很多树，因此大量的动物失去了它们的家。
cut off 切掉 The doctor had to cut off his arm to save his life.为了挽救他的生命，医生不得不将他的胳膊截肢。
cut out 删除 You can cut out the unimportant details.
你可以删掉不重要的细节。
cut up 切碎 Cut up the meat，please.请把肉切碎。
2.There are other advantages of bike riding.
advantage的意思是“优点;有利条件”,可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词.反义词是disadvantage,意思是“缺点,不利条件”。
e.g.His sister has many advantages.他的姐姐有很多优点。
advantage的相关短语：take advantage of... 利用……
be/work to one’s advantage 对某人有利
eg: I have the advantage of him in running.我在跑步方面条件比他优越。
To her advantage,her voice is very sweet.对她有利的是,她的声音非常甜美。
3.It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
cost v. 花费；使付出.指花费金钱，主语通常是物。
cost的过去式和过去分词均为cost。
e.g.The new shirt cost Mr Wang 200 yuan.
王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
How much does the new computer
cost 新电脑花了多少钱？
【拓展延伸】cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Could you tell me the cost of the trip
【辨析】 take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示
“花费”，但它们的用法各有不同。
例词 主语 宾语 常用结构
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s) some time/ money on sth.某人花费时间/金钱在某事上
sb. spend(s) some time/ money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
take 常用it作形式主语 时间 it takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付费
根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当形式填空。
1. That new car ________ them lots of money.
2. Mona __________ 50 yuan on the books just now.
3. It usually _______ me an hour to do my homework.
4. You should __________ some time practising your pronunciation.
5. My brother _______ 6, 000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.
cost
spent
takes
spend
paid
4.So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!
make a difference (to…)表示(对……)产生影响或作用;
有关difference的短语：
make no difference 对……没有影响
make some difference 对……有些影响
make a difference between 对……区别对待
eg: Learning English well can make a difference to your future.学好英语会对你的前途有影响。
The new teacher always encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.
新来的老师总是鼓励小汤姆，这对他影响很大。
Summay
减少
代替（做某事）
骑自行车（名词）
对...有好处
外卖食品
记得要做某事
产生影响或作用
导致,引导
cut down
instead of doing sth
bike riding
be good for
takeaway food
remember to do sth
make a difference
lead to
Can you translate the following into English
Retell the conversation by filling in the blanks.
An interviewer is asking Susan and Jason their opinions on _______ polluted problems. Jason suggests taking the bus or subway __________ driving can help ___________ the air pollution. Susan adds other___________ of bike riding. It ____________ health and it doesn’t _______ anything. Susan also says simple things _____ bringing a bag while go shopping can help. And Jason never uses _________ chopsticks or _______ forks when he buys _________ food. Susan reminds people to _____________ throw rubbish in the bins ________ the public places clean and beautiful. If people work together, their actions will ________________ and ________ a better future.
solving
instead of
cut down
advantages
is good for
cost
like
wooden
plastic
takeaway
remember to
to keep
make a difference
lead to
Consolidation
Role-play the conversation in 2d.
Try not to look at your book.
Interviewer: Jason and Susan, what ...
Jason: Well, to cut down air pollution, we should ....
Susan: Yeah, ...
Interviewer: Great ideas! What ...
Susan: Mmm, I think ...
Jason: Me, too....
Susan: And ...
Interviewer: So
Role play
We’re trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
The air is badly polluted.
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
We should help save the sharks.
Read the following sentences and find out the grammar items.
Grammar Focus
Present progressive
used to
Passive voice
Present perfect
Modal verbs
New drills
Grammar
1.现在进行时
现在进行时
基本
结构
基本
用法
标志词
be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing
1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。
2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间之内
正在进行的动作。
now、look、listen、these days等
a.一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。
如：go → going。
b.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。
如：have → having。
c.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。
如：run → running。
动词-ing形式的构成
2.现在完成时
现在完成时
基本
结构
基本
用法
标志词
have/has + 过去分词
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2. 从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在且还有可能持续下去的动作。
already、yet、ever、never、for +时间段、since +时间点、so far、in the last/past...years等
过去分词的构成
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: work → worked。
在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如: close → closed。
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。如: study → studied。
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stop → stopped。
不规则动词的过去分词:
AAA型 put put put
AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 become became become
ABB型 get got got/gotten
ABC型 begin began begun
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
The girls ___________ (dance) in the classroom now.
It’s 5 o’clock now. Mike ____________ (have) dinner.
—_______ you ever ________ (be) to the US
— Yes, twice.
4. I __________ (live) here since 1999.
are dancing
练一练
is having
Have been
have lived
3.被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
I cleaned my room. → My room was cleaned by me.
I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. → He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop.
在含有使役动词 (如：make) 或感官动词 (see、watch、notice、hear等) 的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。
被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态：will be/is going to be + 过去分词
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. — Do you often clean your classroom
— Yes. Our classroom ________________ (clean) every day.
2. — Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
— No, I _______________. (invite)
3. A new highway in my hometown (build) next month.
is cleaned
练一练
wasn’t invited
will be built
1. 情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
2. 情态动词后接动词原形。
3. 常用的情态动词有：can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to、would、need等。
4.情态动词
根据题意选择最适合的情态动词。
1. — you pass me a pen I’d like to write down the phone number.
— Sure. Here it is.
A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must
2. You worry about me. It’s nothing serious.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
A
练一练
C
3. —May I go to the cinema, Mom
— Certainly, but you be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
4. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace
— Sorry, I’m not sure. But it be.
A. might B. mustn’t C. can’t D. must
5. The man in the office be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
C
A
C
5.used to
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形。
used to句型的否定句形式：didn’t use to...
used to句型的一般疑问句形式：Did + 主语 + use to...
used to do表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做了；
be used to doing表示习惯于做某事。
根据汉语意思补全句子。
她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She _____________________ with friends on weekends.
2. 他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。
He _____________________________at night.
used to hang out
练一练
is used to staying up
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _______ you ever _______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ________ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ________ ever ________ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
Joe: How many people _______ (take) part
Eric: I _______ (think) more than 1,000 people _______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _______ (try) to improve the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to _______ (wait) any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
People ______________ think that big things _____________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ________________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ________________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
may/might
must/have to
can, would, could, have to, should, must, may/might
can/could/should
can/could/should
I think it’s a great idea that you now ______________ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _______________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you ______________ take the bus. All these small things _______________ add up and become big things that _______________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
have to
can/could/should
can/could
can, would, could, have to, should, must, may / might
can/could
can/could/would
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输)
turn off the lights when you leave a room
take your own shopping bags when you go shopping
don’t use disposable (adj. 一次性的) items like disposable cutlery (n. 餐具), cameras, etc.
reduce the use of air conditioners in summer
grow more plants
…
I think that everyone should use public transportation.
I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation…
We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
我们承担不起继续等待而不采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起; 买得起; 提供, 给予
常与can, be able to等连用, 多用于否定句或疑问句。
afford sth. 买得起 / 承受得起某物
afford to do sth. 有能力做某事 / 负担得起做某事
e.g. Can you afford the mobile phone
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
afford & buy
afford 侧重“有经济能力买”
buy 侧重“购买(这一行为)”
【语境应用】用afford或buy的 适当形式填空。
1) They can’t ________ to send their children to college.
2) Can you ________ a new car
3) Helen ________ some fruit on her way home yesterday.
afford
afford
bought
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
