专题11 复合句-中考英语专题复习+题型特训（含答案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题11 复合句
英语句子中常有一个主句和一个或多个从句组合而成的长句子，这样的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段常见的复合句主要包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
如：After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out
three bottles.在学生全都进入化学实验室后，老师拿出三个瓶子来。（主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles”，从句是“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”。）
考点一、复合句的类型及其应用
(
通常由
that,whether
以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用
it
替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。
) (
复合句
) (
主语从句
)
(
在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,位于主句中的系动词之后。
) (
表语从句
)
(
从句连词的选择：若从句源于
陈述句
,则连词用
that
,
(口语中可省)；若从句源于
一般疑问句
,连词则用
if
或
whether；
若从句源于
特殊疑问句
,则连词就是疑问词(如
what
,
who
,
where
,
when
等)
)
(
宾语从句
)
(
在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语
。基本形式：
（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+
……
)
(
从句的时态：若主句是现在时,从句可用任何时态；若主句是过去时,则从句相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
)
(
①从句的位置：放在名词或代词之后。引导定语从句的
关系词
that、which、who
称为
关系代词
,
where、when、how
称为
关系副词
。
③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用：
关系代词
who、whom
和
whose
指人,在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。
which
指物
that
指物/人。
关系副词
when
或
where
在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。
④限制性定语从句在句中不能省略。非限制性定语从句是一种附加说明,如果省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。
)
(
定语从句
)
(
时间状语从句
通常由
when ,as ,while, after, since, whenever
等引导。
地点状语从句
通常由
where, wherever
等引导。
原因状语从句
通常由
because, since, as
等引导。
目的状语从句
通常由
so that..., so...hat...,in order that...
等引导。
结果状语从句
通常由
so that..., so...that...
等引导。
比较状语从句
通常由
as, than, as (so)...as
等引导,常省从句的谓语部分。
让步状语从句
通常由
though,as,even if,however, whatever
等引导。
条件状语从句
通常由
if, unless, as long as
等引导。
)
(
状语从句
)
◆知识点一
宾语从句:
在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。
◆宾语从句使用陈述句语序 即引导词+主语＋谓语+其他。
Eg: Do you know where Tom lives 你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
宾语从句考查其引导词、语序、时态的应用。
①看语序，宾语从句的语序为主语＋谓语＋宾语＋其他；
②考虑时态，宾语从句的时态一般和主句的时态保持一致，或以时间状语来判断时态;
③看答语，问内容用what、问地点用where、问原因用why、问方式用how等。
引导词
that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略。
This is the factory (that) we visited last month.
这是我们上个月参观的工厂。(作宾语)
what, when, where, how等特殊疑问词
Please tell me how you go to school.
请告诉我你怎样去学校的。
whether / if，意为“是否”，在whether…or not 结构中不能用if 替换。
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道这里是否还会有巴士。
时态
主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。
I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.
我听说乔昨天去北京了。
主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式。
He asked if I had finished my work.
他问我是否已经完成工作了
③ 从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
Everyone knew that light travels faster than sound.
每个人都知道光速比声音传播要快。
※知识拓展 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语动词是think, guess, believe, consider等动词，且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词提前到主句中。
I don’t think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会参加我的聚会。
⊙练习
( )1. He asked which film they _____ about.
A. will talk B. are going to talk
C. was going to talk D. were talking
( )2. Do you know _____ bike this is
A. that B. who C. why D. whose
( )3. Polly said no news _____ good news.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
◆知识点二
定语从句:
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等引导。
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health. （定语从句修饰先行词a person）
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
先行词
关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人、物 定语
◆下列情况先行词指物时，只能用that，不能用which。
① 先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词。
He told me everything that he knows.
他将他知道的每件事都告诉了我。
② 先行词被the only, the very修饰
He is the only man that I want to see.
他是我唯一想见的人。
③ 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。
④ 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰
All the books that you offered has been given out.
你所提供的所有书都被分发出去了。
⑤ 先行词既指人又指物
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 我们谈论一些记忆中的人和事。
⑥ 句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复
Who is the man that is making a speech
那个演讲的男人是谁？
◆ 只用which/who/whom的情况
在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who / whom指人。
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
他有一个儿子，出国深造去了。
② 在由 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
我喜欢和老师谈话的那个人。
③ 先行词本身是that时，关系代词用which；先行词为those, one, he时，多用who。
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
尊重别人的人也会受到别人的尊重。
⊙练习
( )4. The boy _____ helped me yesterday is playing soccer with his friends.
A. whom B. who C. which D. whose
( )5. The music _____ the U2 band played was very popular.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
( )6. This is the best way _____ can help us earn lots of money.
A. which B. who C. that D. when
( )7. Anyone ______ breaks the rules must be punished.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. who
◆知识点三
状语从句:
在复合句中，修饰主句中动词、形容词或副词的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的、让步、方式八大类。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握的有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
①时间状语从句常由从属连词when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as引导。the moment, every time, each time可引出一个从句，相当于时间状语从句。
②条件状语从句常由从属连词if, unless, so long as, as long as引导。
③原因状语从句常由从属连词because, for, since, as引导。
④结果状语从句常由从属连词so that, so…that, such…that引导。
⑤目的状语从句常由从属连词so，so that引导。
⑥让步状语从句常由从属连词though/although(尽管，虽然)，even if/even though(即使) 引导，although/though可与yet连用，但不可与but连用。
※
主将从现原则：主句表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时；
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或具有将来的含义，从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时表将来。
2) while引导的从句中，动词一般是延续性的；
3) until用在肯定句中，主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。
I was doing my homework when my mother came in.
当我妈妈进来的时候，我正在写作业。
⊙练习
( )8. He spoke so quickly ______ no one could follow him.
A. which B. after C. as D. that
( )9. －When will he call you up
－_______ he comes back.
A. As soon as B. Since C. Because D. Unless
( )10. He will not go to the cinema _____ he’s ill.
A. though B. unless C. why D. because
( )11. His father is _____ busy _____ he seldom goes back home.
A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that
一、选择填空
( )1.I'm surprised that he ________ in the library for the whole day yesterday.
A.stay B.stays C.stayed D.staying
( )2.I don't know ________， and now I'm thirsty.
A.where I put the cup B.where did I put the cup
C.how I put the cup D.how did I put the cup
( )3.—I'm new here.Could you please tell me ________？
—Sure.It's over there behind that tower.
A.where the youth centre is B.when the library opens
C.how far is the amusement park D.how can I get to the subway station
( )4.Her teacher found ________ she's a clever girl.
A.when B.what C.if D.that
( )5.The woman asked the policeman where ________.
A.the post office is B.the post office was
C.is the post office D.was the post office
( )6.We haven't found out ________， but we have known ________.
A.who he is; how to search it B.who he is; to search it how
C.who is he; how to search it D.who is he; to search it how
( )7.—Can you tell me ________？
—Sure.His home is next to the cinema.
A.what is Steve doing B.what Steve is doing
C.where does Steve live D.where Steve lives
( )8.—May I come in I'm sorry I am late.
—Come in, please.But could you please tell me ________？
A.how do you come to school B.what were you doing then
C.who you talked with D.why you are late again
( )9.It's the museum ________ we saw the worldfamous painting last month.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
( )10.I'm going to start a club to help students ________ are not interested in schoolwork.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
( )11.—Do you know ________ this time yesterday —Sorry, I don't know.
A.what she is doing B.what was she doing
C.what she was doing D.that she was doing
( )12.One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.
A.what B.who C.that D./
( )13.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
A.who B.where C.when D.which
( )14.John is the boy ________ legs were b adly hurt in the accident.
A.whose B.that C.who D.which
( )15.—Where did you go last week
—I went to Zhang Aiping's hometown and visited the house ________ he was born in.
A.that B.there C.who D.whose
( )16.—I hear the famous singer Xu Song may come to Ningbo next month.
—Really？ ________ he comes, my younger sister will be very excited.
A.If B.Until C.Unless D.Before
( )17.Zhou Libo is Shanghai's favorite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were ________ hot that tickets sold out in minutes.
A.very B.too C.such D.so
( )18.—What are you doing now —We are talking about ________.
A.when shall we go to Tianjin B.why we like Tianjin
C.who should we go with D.which station should we go
( )19.—Why don't you tell me _______？ —I don't know either, so I can't tell you _______.
A.who is that man in blue; who is the man B.who that man in blue is; who is the man
C.who is that man in blue; who the man is D.who that man in blue is; who the man is
( )20.Please tell me ________.I have some gifts for him.
A.how has Robert come B.where Robert is
C.when will Robert leave D.what does Robert like
二、用括号内所给词的适当词汇填空
1.—_______（What a/ What） friendly boy he is! —Yes. He’s always ready to help others.
2.—Your father went to the park yesterday, _______ （didn’t he/ doesn’t he ） —Yes, he did.
3.— I don’t like horror films. They’re terrible. —________（Neither I do/ Neither do I）.
4. Pay attention to your manners, _______（or/ either）you’ll be laughed at.
5.—Don’t you go to school by bike —_______（No, I do/ No, I don’t）. I walk to school every day.
6. —________（Where/ Who）is your father, Mike —He is cooking in the kitchen.
7. —I will go fishing this weekend. —_______（So I will/ So will I）. Let’s go together.
8.—Don’t be late for school next time, ________（will you/ do you） —No, I won’t.
9.It never rains（but / and）it pours.
10.I like tea（while / when）she likes coffee.
三、根据汉语的提示，在空格内填上恰当的关联词
1._____ this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
2.They believe_____ the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机最终将代替人类。)
3.I wonder_____ I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是否我应该为他向校长说些什么。)
4.I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace _____ he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)
5.He went abroad _____ his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。)
6.He got up earlier _____t he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)
7.He lost _____ many bikes _____ he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。)
8. _____ you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。)
9.He wears a T-shirt _____ it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
10. _____ it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)
11.The man _____ has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)
12.I can never forget the day _____ I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)
13.Can you give me anything _____ has no sugar inside (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？)
14.Do you know the woman _____ is weeping in the corner (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？)
15.She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, _____ none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
四、根据汉语的提示，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使句子通顺、意思完整。
because which although whether where that when who what
1.I think ________ it's wrong to eat monkeys, so I don't.
2.Anybody ________ breaks the rule is punished.
3. ________ it was expensive, we decided to buy the computer.
4.Would you please let me know ________ you have a match
5. ________ we need is more time.
6.—What is our head teacher like, do you know
—Oh, he is very kind _____ he looks very serious.
7.Over 500 people were working in the building ________ the fire broke out on the llth floor.
8.The chief editor decides ________ will be the most important story on the front page.
9. ________ she will come or not is still a question.
10.That is ________ he was born.
11.We heard the news ________ our team had won.
12.I don't know the girl. Could you tell me ________ she comes from
13.—What did your teacher say this morning —She asked me_____Tom would get to school.
14.—I can't find Mary.Where's she
—Sorry, I don't know _____ she has gone.
15.Everything ________you told me is not true.
五、词语运用
阅读短文，选择恰当的词语填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。
where； when； as； even if； if who that when
Making friends is a skill. Like most skills, you can improve it___1__you are patient. growing If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take action. You must first go__2__there are people. You won't make friends staying home a alone. Joining a club or a group, talking to those those__3___like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activity.
Many people are nervous___4__talking to new people. After all,meeting strangers meansseeing the unknown. And it's human nature to feel a bit unpleasant about the unknown. Most of fears about dealing with new people come from doubts (怀疑) about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us—finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don't forget__5___they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself__6__you are, and try to make others feel at home. You'll all feel more comfortable. Try to be brave___7__you don't feel that way___8__you center a room full of strangers. Walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.___9__you see someone you'd like to speak to, say something. Don't wait for the other person to start a conversation.
Just meeting someone new does not mean__10___you'll make friends with that person. Friendship is based on mutual (相互的) likings and "give and take". It takes time and effort (精力)for us to develop friendship. And there are things that stop a new friendship from growing.
六、完形填空
A disappointing performance
Tom was sick with disappointment. The piano performance was almost a success, however, he failed in his solo (独奏). He couldn’t understand ___1__ it could has happened.
He had practiced for weeks ___2__ seemed like months. He had given up sports until after the performance ___3__ he wanted to make his parents proud of him. He spent his time with the piano.
His teacher wonder___4__ he was quick to learn. It was true ___5__ he accepted music as another language, another way to talk to people.
His grandparents, aunt, and uncle all came to hear him play, and he was anxious to show them ___6__ he was the best in the whole class.
But, ___7__he stood up to go to the piano, his knees felt weak. He looked into the audience, he saw his family___8___ were smiling back at him. At that time, he felt nervous. His fingers began to tremble (颤抖), shaking ___9__ he had caught a bad cold.
He sat down at the piano. He took a deep breath. He played the first part of his music, then realized with fear___10__ he had forgotten the rest. He stared over, thinking that would help. It didn’t. His bright musical life seemed to end.
1.A. why B. how C.what D. while
2. A. that B which C. when D. where
3. A.so B because C. as D. as though
4. A.which B. why C. who D. whom
5. A. that B. after C. before D.when
6. A. that B.however C. as D.since
7.A.before B. when C.while D.whenever
8.A. whom B. whose C.that D. who
9.A. as through B. though C. however D. even if
10. A. that B.when C.where D.which
【参考答案】
练习
1-3 DDC 4-7 BACD 8-11 DADB
一、1－5　CAADB　6－10　ADDCB　 11－15 CCAAA 16－20 ADBDB
二、1. What a 2. didn’t he 3. Neither do I 4.or 5. No, I don’t 6. Where 7. can he 8. So will I 9. but 10. while
三、1. How 2.that 3.whether 4.wherever 5.because 6.so that 7.so… that 8.even if 9.though 10.If 11.who 12.when 13.that 14.who 15.which
四、1.that 2.who 3. although 4.when 5.what 6.because 7.when 8.which 9. whether 10. where 11. that 12. where 13. when 14. where 15. that
五、1.if 2.where 3.who 4.when 5.that 6.as 7.even if 8.when 9.if 10.that
六、1—5BABBA 6—10ABDAA
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