2023年中考英语完形填空-科普文 专项训练卷一（含答案）

中考完形填空-科普文 卷一
(篇目1)
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Finnish researchers say they have produced coffee in a laboratory that smells and tastes very similar to the real thing. The team reports that lab-grown coffee could be ____1____ as climate change continues to influence traditional coffee farming.
Scientists at Finland’s VTT Technical Research Center ____2____ cell cultures（培养物）from the leaves of coffee plants. During the research, scientists make cell cultures float（漂浮）in bioreactors（生物反应器）____3____ nutrients（营养的）. The same ____4____ is used to make other kinds of animals and plant-based products.
Heikki Aisala is a VTT researcher who oversaw（监管）the Process. Aisala said that cups of the cellular（细胞的）coffee ____5____ can’t pass taste tests if it is compared with ____6____ coffee. Aisala said lab-grown coffee is completely ____7____ from traditional coffee. ____8____ tastes like putting different types of coffees together. The researcher added that while the cellular coffee is not ready for the market yet, it just looks like ____9____ at the moment. Aisala believes that it is possible that the lab-grown products could one day ____10____ into a multi-billion-dollar industry.
VTT Research team leader Heiko Rischer said cell cultures offered a more ____11____ way to make coffee. ____12____ coffee is in high demand, many countries are opening up more land to ____13____ coffee beans. This causes increased deforestation（滥伐森林）. Rischer said the environmental ____14____ of lab-grown coffee include reduced use of pesticides（农药）and fertilizer and less need to ship coffee beans long distances to markets.
In Europe, some people also worry about whether coffee lovers will actually drink the lab-grown ____15____. A Reuters reporter put that question to Satu, a server in a Helsinki coffee shop.
1．A．impossible B．difficult C．important D．interesting
2．A．invented B．made C．discovered D．created
3．A．agreed with B．dealt with C．filled with D．disagreed with
4．A．aim B．way C．chance D．thing
5．A．terribly B．completely C．probably D．finally
6．A．normal B．local C．international D．traditional
7．A．great B．different C．same D．delicious
8．A．It B．He C．She D．They
9．A．leaves B．coffee C．drinks D．beans
10．A．develop B．improve C．make D．become
11．A．friendly B．environmental C．useful D．creative
12．A．While B．When C．How D．Because
13．A．provide B．put C．grow D．give
14．A．disadvantage B．advantages C．situations D．conditions
15．A．creation B．invention C．discovery D．product
(篇目2)
What does the word ecology mean It was invented by Emst Hacckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek ____16____: oikos, meaning “house”, and logie, meaning “the study of”. Together they mean “the study of the house”. The “house” Haeckel had in mind is our ____17____, Earth. Earth is home for all living things—humans, animals, plants, and even ____18____ microbes (微生物). An ecologist is a scientist who studies the relationships between organisms (生物) and their environment. It may include water, gases, rocks, and ____19____. Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment ____20____ protecting it. An ecologist ____21____ asked a boy what he thought it meant to protect the environment. The boy said, “You go into the ____22____ and look for somebody who wants to cut down a tree. You ____23____ his axe (斧头). You tell him about how important trees are.” “Good answer,” said the ecologist, “but it may not be ____24____ to find a woodcutter to talk to. Also, remember that sometimes it’s ____25____ to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will ____26____. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources (资源) ____27____ the forest. We have to find the right balance” “I get it,” the boy said. “We need the forest’s resources for wood and paper ____28____ we might not have desks or notebooks for school.” “____29____, school is a good place to learn about ecology,” added the ecologist, “Then you will know ____30____ to protect the natural environment.”
16．A．exams B．sentences C．words D．letters
17．A．space B．planet C．system D．future
18．A．cute B．tiny C．large D．round
19．A．temperature B．languages C．culture D．customs
20．A．while B．until C．though D．since
21．A．always B．often C．once D．never
22．A．factory B．park C．garden D．forest
23．A．give up B．take away C．cut into D．put off
24．A．busy B．easy C．slow D．possible
25．A．necessary B．strange C．private D．interesting
26．A．remain B．grow C．change D．disappear
27．A．into B．with C．from D．for
28．A．or B．so C．but D．before
29．A．Exactly B．Unluckily C．Widely D．Differently
30．A．what B．how C．when D．where
(篇目3)
Do you live in a city You’ve probably noticed how noisy and ____31____ cities can be. What if you could live next to a calm lake or river ____32____
As it turns out, living near ____33____, such as oceans, lakes, rivers or ponds, can help us feel both happier and healthier. Those who live less than a kilometer ____34____ the coast are around 22 percent less likely to ____35____ mental(精神的) problems than those who live 50 km or more away, according to a study by researchers from the University of Exeter, UK. People who visit the coast at least twice a week tend to(倾向于) ____36____ better physical and mental health as well.
So how does “____37____ space” make us feel better For one thing, aquatic(与水相关的) environments tend to have less pollution and more sunlight, ____38____ of which are linked (与……有关) to better mental and physical health. People who get more sun tend to be ____39____ than those who do not.
There’s also the air above the sea. After ____40____ time near the ocean, you might find that you feel more ____41____ than usual. This is ____42____ sea air is charged(带电的) with negative ions(负离子). These ions balance our levels of serotonin, a body chemical that has an effect on our mood. With balanced serotonin levels, we feel more calm and relaxed, according to Daily Mail.
____43____, people who live near water tend to be more physically active, according to The Guardian. Water sports like ___44___ and rowing can help us stay in shape, which in turn ____45____ us healthy.
31．A．clean B．beautiful C．crowded D．convenient
32．A．too B．instead C．alone D．together
33．A．land B．water C．forests D．mountains
34．A．at B．in C．with D．from
35．A．have B．reach C．solve D．create
36．A．choose B．understand C．control D．experience
37．A．green B．blue C．white D．grey
38．A．each B．both C．either D．neither
39．A．funnier B．sadder C．happier D．weaker
40．A．spending B．winning C．wasting D．losing
41．A．afraid B．bored C．relaxed D．worried
42．A．because B．where C．whether D．how
43．A．Quickly B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Luckily
44．A．running B．walking C．swimming D．jumping
45．A．keeps B．finds C．leaves D．drives
(篇目4)
While big “cats” like tigers and lions enjoy swimming in the wild, small house cats don’t seem to like being in water. Many cat owners have stories to tell about trying and often ____46____ to give their cats a bath at home.
However, we sometimes see cats stick out their paws(爪子) to play with flowing water. So,what exactly is the relationship between cats and ____47____ Do they dislike being near water, or do they ____48____ hate taking baths
The earliest house cats date back to more than 10, 000 years ago. In the Middle East, when ancient humans started ____49____ and storing grains, mice came to get their share. The African wildcat was then coming into the lives of humans to help ____50____ this problem. It is considered to be the ancestor(祖先) of the common house cat. The wildcats helped ____51____ keep the mice under control. So, when the early farmers began to ____52____ to other parts of the world, they took their cat friends with them.
In other words, the ancestor of the common house cat actually came from the ____53____. They lived in hot and dry places. As a result, cats are not physically suited to be in water. You may have seen a dog ____54____ water off their fur(皮毛). This is because their fur is somewhat like a raincoat. A cat’s fur, however, is similar to a woolen cloth. Its fur becomes heavy ____55____ it gets wet, which will make the animal quite uncomfortable and cold.
Since cats don’t like to be in water, how do they keep ____56____ tidy Well, the answer is using their tongues(舌头). A cat’s tongue is ____57____ a little hair brush. It has sharp, spiky structures(刺状结构) that help ____58____ any dirt. Cats spend hours each day licking(舔) themselves. This helps them keep their fur clean.
Now we have clear understanding of ____59____ cats do not like water. So, the next time your cat ____60____ to take a bath, try being a little more patient. Your little one isn’t scared of water, he or she may simply not be used to it.
46．A．disagreeing B．failing C．succeeding D．exercising
47．A．snow B．light C．water D．fire
48．A．simply B．quietly C．easily D．carefully
49．A．greeting B．falling C．farming D．swimming
50．A．make B．search C．find D．solve
51．A．humans B．houses C．plants D．animals
52．A．drive B．run C．fly D．move
53．A．river B．desert C．village D．sea
54．A．kicking B．beating C．hitting D．shaking
55．A．before B．although C．unless D．when
56．A．themselves B．herself C．itself D．himself
57．A．on B．with C．as D．like
58．A．sell out B．care for C．clean off D．put on
59．A．what B．when C．why D．how
60．A．plans B．refuses C．wants D．likes
(篇目5)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文完整、通顺、正确。将答案序号涂在答题卡上相应的位置。
It’s March 12th. Li Li and Lin Tao are digging on a hill not far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees ____61____ on this day.
The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great ____62____ in Chinese history. He said more trees were needed as a ____63____ against flood and drought(干旱). In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree Planting Day. Then in 1979, the day was ____64____ to March 12th to ____65____ the date on which Sun Zhongshan died.
The Gobi(戈壁) Desert in the north of China was ____66____ every year. So in 1978, the government started a tree planting project to ____67____ the Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green “wall” along the edge of the desert. “Have you heard of the Green Wall of China That’s the biggest tree planting ____68____ of all.” says Li Li.
“Tree planting has become a tradition in China now.” says Lin Tao, “Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a ____69____ day. My parents planted a tree when I started school. And my cousin planted ____70____ on his wedding day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.”
61．A．silently B．wisely C．slowly D．actively
62．A．artist B．engineer C．pioneer D．musician
63．A．question B．position C．population D．protection
64．A．taken B．decided C．changed D．given
65．A．value B．remember C．express D．admire
66．A．growing B．appearing C．losing D．happening
67．A．stop B．have C．help D．keep
68．A．research B．survey C．project D．success
69．A．different B．special C．basic D．simple
70．A．one B．that C．it D．this
(篇目6)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。
BEIJING, April 16 (Xinhua)—Three Chinese astronauts of the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship have ____71____ their six-month space station task and returned to Earth safely on 16th, April, 2022. Zhai Zhigang and his crewmates spent 183 days working in an orbit (轨道) ____72____ the Earth after their Shenzhou XIII spacecraft was launched (发射) on Oct 16 by the Jiuquan (酒泉) Satellite Launch Center in ____73____ China’s Gobi Desert in Gansu province. They set a record for China’s longest spaceflight. During their space journey, the astronauts ____74____ two spacewalks that totaled more than 12 hours. And we’re especially proud that Wang Yaping took part in the first spacewalk on Nov 7, ____75____ the first woman Chinese spacewalker. The members also had two science lectures (报告) for Chinese students.
After hugging her ____76____, Wang Yaping took out a “star” and gave it to her little girl. Wang once said that as astronauts, women have their own ____77____. “Women are more patient and can better ____78____ loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt (适应) to the weightless environment, making them more ____79____ for long-time tasks.”
“These taikonauts are returning after six months in orbit,” noted Bian. “Long outdoor activities after landing would be ____80____ to their health. It’s especially important for them to re-adapt in the first few hours back on Earth.”
71．A．started B．tried C．completed D．stopped
72．A．through B．above C．in D．towards
73．A．southeast B．southwest C．northeast D．northwest
74．A．achieved B．supported C．announced D．found
75．A．teaching B．finding C．becoming D．visiting
76．A．daughter B．son C．husband D．parents
77．A．hobbies B．habits C．advantages D．disadvantages
78．A．depend on B．deal with C．worry about D．give up
79．A．brave B．normal C．suitable D．successful
80．A．careful B．great C．helpful D．harmful
(篇目7)
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I drive my dog Heidi out, she always sticks her head out of the car window. She looks up at the blue sky and the wind ____81____ in her face. It seems that she is enjoying the views and the cool wind. In fact, she’s letting the air waft (吹拂) up her ____82____.
As air wafts into a dog’s nose, it can take one of ____83____ paths—the upper, middle or lower passage (通道). The upper passage is used for smelling, ____84____ the lower one mainly serves for breathing. The upper passage (see picture 1) is like a complex maze (复杂的迷宫). When air floats ____85____ the maze, it meets nearly 300 million olfactory receptors (ORs, 嗅觉受体). Humans only have six million ORs by comparison. The more olfactory receptors a person or an animal ____86____, the better their sense of smell is. The 300 million ORs in a dog’s nose enable it to ____87____ even the tiniest of differences in odor (气味). Even after a certain odor has seemingly disappeared from the air, a dog is ____88____ able to notice it. In fact, dogs can ____89____ odors from more than twenty kilometers away. Unbelievable!
When an odor meets an olfactory receptor, the receptor sends a(n) _____90_____ to the brain. The smelling part of a dog’s brain is 40 times larger than ours. This helps them to _____91_____ special smells from different places. While you may remember a certain store by name, your dog may remember that same store by the odors inside of it.
The smell inside a car is pretty boring. It is like watching the _____92_____ show for the tenth time in a day. However, outside the _____93_____ is new world. New smells can be fresh and _____94_____ to dogs.
But of course, only getting to experience the world through their noses is _____95_____ not enough. New sights and sounds outside the car window also make dogs feel more in control. All of their senses work together to create the whole picture.
81．A．stands B．flies C．blows D．hits
82．A．leg B．nose C．tail D．foot
83．A．two B．three C．four D．five
84．A．but B．although C．because D．while
85．A．with B．through C．by D．across
86．A．has B．holds C．makes D．gets
87．A．give off B．care about C．pick up D．look for
88．A．ever B．only C．just D．still
89．A．taste B．felt C．smell D．sound
90．A．message B．information C．record D．suggestion
91．A．miss B．search C．remember D．forget
92．A．interesting B．popular C．different D．same
93．A．hole B．store C．window D．door
94．A．boring B．exciting C．harmful D．ugly
95．A．simply B．lately C．normally D．widely
(篇目8)
In fact, you cannot live without it. It’s usually white ___96___ it has a strong taste. Every cell in your body has it.
It was once used by the Romans to ___97___ their soldiers. In parts of Africa, it is used instead of money to pay for things. The oceans are ___98___ with it. You can get it from the earth as well. Pour it on ___99___, and you can keep the food from going bad for a very long time.
___100___ is it It’s salt. Since the beginning of time, it has been a (an) ___101___ part of people’s lives. Wars have been fought over it. Kings could rule the country ___102___ it. The French Revolution (革命) was started, in part because the king put a large tax (税) on salt. The farmers did not like this and rose to ___103___ with the king.
Today, salt is used in making nearly 15,000 products. The jeans you wear have ___104___ in them. In cold countries that are covered with snow and ice in ___105___, people___106___ salt on the roads to melt (融化) the ice. Driving would be much more ___107___ if not for salt.
Where does salt come from It may come from shallow holes in the earth. In some places, it sits on the top of the earth, and people ___108___ cut and carry it away. But the oceans are where most of the salt lies. Ocean water is salty and not good to drink. The sun evaporates (蒸发) sea water, leaving only salt.
Many ___109___ in English refer to salt. Sometimes, it is said that a worker is “wroth his salt.” This means that the person works very hard and is ___110___. Remember that the Romans paid soldiers in salt. This is probably where the expression comes from.
96．A．and B．if C．or D．so
97．A．feed B．invite C．pay D．cheat
98．A．faced B．filled C．covered D．satisfied
99．A．food B．hand C．jeans D．earth
100．A．Why B．When C．What D．Where
101．A．easy B．important C．interesting D．typical
102．A．according to B．instead of C．ahead of D．because of
103．A．live B．play C．share D．fight
104．A．salt B．ice C．snow D．money
105．A．spring B．autumn C．summer D．winter
106．A．mix B．sell C．spread D．produce
107．A．careful B．dangerous C．interesting D．successful
108．A．simply B．clearly C．probably D．completely
109．A．songs B．movies C．stories D．expressions
110．A．available B．painful C．valuable D．common
(篇目9)
What is time What is beauty What is good life Have you thought about these questions In fact, these are things that philosophy (哲学) cares about.
World Philosophy Day is every year ____111____ the third Thursday of November. It ____112____ the importance and role of philosophy in our lives. The word philosophy comes from Greek. It means “love of wisdom (智慧)”. It is the study of the nature and the ____113____ of the universe and of human life. It explores basic questions about the world and ____114____.
What makes a philosophical question is not what it is about, but at what ____115____ it is asked. For example, someone might ask whether a social policy is fair. A philosopher will ask, “What is fairness ” Thinking about such questions makes us independent thinkers.
Three famous Greek philosophers ____116____ the world around them using logic and reason. They affected Western philosophy ____117____. Their names are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates was the first major Greek philosopher. He came up with the Socrates Method, Plato wrote much of his thoughts in conversations ____118____ Dialogues. Plato’s most famous work is The Republic. Aristotle was a student of Plato. He liked to focus on more practical (实用的) areas of philosophy including science.
The birth of philosophy has helped social development. As the saying goes, “Every empire started from a thought.” Philosophy ____119____ sense to us in daily life. Epictetus, an ancient Roman philosopher, said what causes men suffering is not events, _____120_____ their opinions about events. These help us control our feelings and live better.
111．A．in B．at C．on D．with
112．A．completes B．celebrates C．connects D．communicates
113．A．meaning B．building C．writing D．painting
114．A．themselves B．yourselves C．yourself D．ourselves
115．A．land B．level C．library D．lunch
116．A．studied B．taught C．started D．caught
117．A．friendly B．politely C．greatly D．carefully
118．A．call B．calls C．calling D．called
119．A．likes B．makes C．does D．takes
120．A．and B．unless C．but D．or
(篇目10)
The world’s population is still going up and scientists are worried that there will not be enough food for everybody in the middle of this century. One plant from Madagascar (马达加斯加) , the Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi (玉吊钟) , may help. It ____121____ CO2 at night and it needs 10 times less water than corn and similar plants. This ____122____ it can grow in the desert.
It is dangerous to eat this plant. ____123____ scientists can study two things: how it absorbs (吸收) CO2 at night when other plants ____124____ do this during the day, and why it is so good at living in the desert. There will be ____125____ good land for growing food in the future. Deserts are growing as Earth’s climate (气候) gets ____126____ . Growing plants in deserts will be more and more ____127____ .
There are two possible directions for further research. Growing a desert plant to eat will be ____128____, but it is possible to use the genes (基因) ____129____ this plant and put them _____130_____ plants we eat, like beans or cereals.
_____131_____ possible direction is to grow this type of plant for fuel (燃料) . At the moment, people are asking _____132_____ good land is used to grow plants for fuel and not for food. _____133_____ we use deserts instead, this problem can be partly solved.
The world’s climate is _____134_____ and the population is still increasing, but one strange plant could be a(n) _____135_____ to our future food or energy needs.
121．A．takes out B．takes in C．takes off
122．A．says B．explains C．means
123．A．but B．and C．or
124．A．only B．hardly C．mostly
125．A．more B．enough C．less
126．A．colder B．warmer C．cooler
127．A．important B．interesting C．boring
128．A．easy B．difficult C．delicious
129．A．with B．for C．from
130．A．out of B．into C．onto
131．A．Another B．The other C．The others
132．A．why B．how C．what
133．A．Though B．If C．Before
134．A．separating B．developing C．changing
135．A．request B．need C．answer
(篇目11)
请先阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are people who say the most amazing structure(结构) on earth is the human brain. It is very ____136____. Many questions about the brain have not yet been answered. For example, why do we need to sleep or why do we dream There is a lot about the brain that we do not yet ____137____. Believe it or not, people used to think of the brain as useless stuffing (填充物). ____138____ now we know the brain is our control center. The surface of the brain is called the cerebral cortex(大脑皮层). It is the part of the brain that makes us intelligent, and it is ____139____ four parts called lobes(脑叶). The front lobe is where much of ____140____ thinking and feeling happens. The top lobe processes information which is coming from parts of our ____141____, such as our skin and muscles(肌肉). The side lobe plays an important ____142____ in hearing, speech and long-term memories while the back lobe images(图像) from our eyes.
Which do you think is more ____143____: your brain or a supercomputer You might be ____144____ to learn that the world’s best supercomputer is only about as powerful as half a mouse brain! Your brain is packed with 100 billion neurons(神经元). They ____145____ information to your body telling it what to do, and they receive information from each of your senses, what you see, feel, ____146____, hear and touch. All of this information travels to and from parts of your body along your spinal cord(脊髓), which is ____147____ a highway you can find down the center of your back. As the ____148____ travels from neuron to neuron, pathways(路径) are created. Those pathways get ____149____ when you think about or practice something again and again. That’s ____150____ the brain learns and remembers.
136．A．dangerous B．important C．different D．mysterious
137．A．keep B．accept C．suggest D．understand
138．A．And B．So C．But D．Still
139．A．made up of B．thirsty for C．similar to D．different from
140．A．its B．my C．our D．their
141．A．lives B．bodies C．brains D．memories
142．A．role B．game C．video D．trick
143．A．serious B．harmful C．powerful D．talented
144．A．sad B．angry C．relaxed D．surprised
145．A．add B．send C．invite D．expect
146．A．taste B．walk C．read D．write
147．A．in B．like C．about D．with
148．A．blood B．service C．meaning D．information
149．A．worse B．softer C．stronger D．cleaner
150．A．how B．what C．which D．where
试卷第1页，共16页
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A
16．C 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．B
31．C 32．B 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．B 39．C 40．A 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．A
46．B 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．D 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．D 55．D 56．A 57．D 58．C 59．C 60．B
61．D 62．C 63．D 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．A 68．C 69．B 70．A
71．C 72．B 73．D 74．A 75．C 76．A 77．C 78．B 79．C 80．D
81．C 82．B 83．B 84．D 85．B 86．A 87．C 88．D 89．C 90．A 91．C 92．D 93．C 94．B 95．A
96．A 97．C 98．B 99．A 100．C 101．B 102．D 103．D 104．A 105．D 106．C 107．B 108．A 109．D 110．C
111．C 112．B 113．A 114．D 115．B 116．A 117．C 118．D 119．B 120．C
121．B 122．C 123．A 124．A 125．C 126．B 127．A 128．B 129．C 130．B 131．B 132．A 133．B 134．C 135．C
136．D 137．D 138．C 139．A 140．C 141．B 142．A 143．C 144．D 145．B 146．A 147．B 148．D 149．C 150．A