(共29张PPT)
人教新目标版 九年级全册
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Knowledge objectives:
1. 熟练掌握以下词汇和短语
cream, workday, show up, bean, market, by the end of.
2. 熟练掌握以下句型
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up.
2. When she arrived at the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
3. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Skill objectives:
1. 能掌握本课时出现的新词汇, 复习过去完成时并能够熟练运用。
2. 掌握过去完成时的用法，结构，标志词等。
3. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Emotional objectives:
无论生活中发生什么，培养积极面对的心态。
Thinking quality objectives:
通过语法结构的学习, 思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听、说、读、写的能力。
New words
cream[kri m]
workday[ w kde ]
show up
bean[bi n]
market[ mɑ k t]
by the end of
n. 奶油;乳脂
n.工作日
赶到;露面
n.豆;豆荚
n.市场;集市
在(某时间点)以前
Read the words and expressions quickly on page 92.
Review
Do you still remember Mary’s bad morning
Mary overslept.
By the time she went outside, the bus _____ already _____.
When she got to school, the bell _______.
had left
had rung
By the time she went outside, the bus had already left.
When she got to school, the bell had rung.
一般过去时
过去完成时
Presentation
一般过去时
过去完成时
在以上的时间状语从句中，主句和从句的动作是先后发生还是同时发生呢
By the time she went outside, the bus had already left.
When she got to school, the bell had rung.
在以上的时间状语从句中，主句动作(过去完成时)发生在从句动作(一般过去时)之前。
Past
Now
Past Past
Past
Now
Past Past
had already left
went outside
had rung
got to school
过去完成时由“助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成，表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
语法概述
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
从过去之前的某个时间点到过去的某个时间点为止
（先发生）
（后发生）
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
Grammar Focus
Grammar focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
等我返回学校时，铃声已经响了。
在我到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经开走了。
我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。
当我和其他上班族排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。
Grammar Focus
Grammar focus
Read the following sentences and classify them according to different tenses.
主句为过去完成时，从句是一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句之前。
两个动作同时进行，主从句都是一般过去时或过去进行时。
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
过去完成时的用法
① 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作/状态, 即发生在 “过去的过去”。这个过去的时间可以用by, before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示。
如：当我们到达车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。
When we arrived at the station, the bus had already left.
Past
Now
Past Past
had already left
arrived at the station
公交汽车离开, 在我们到达之前，即 “过去的过去”
② 表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之 前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，仍然有继续 下去的可能。常用表延续的时间状语如by the end of+过去的时间点， by the time/when +从句等。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
如：当车来的时候，我在车站巳等了20分钟。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes.
我在车站已等了20分钟车, 来之前我都在等
Past
Now
Past Past
a bus finally came
过去完成时的结构
(1) 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
(2) 否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
(3) 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答： No, 主语 + hadn’t.
如：Tony had collected 200 stamps by the end of last month.
Tony hadn’t collected 200 stamps by the end of last month.
Had Tony collected 200 stamps by the end of last month
Yes, he had./ No, he hadn’t.
过去完成时的时间标志词
(1) by +过去的时间点 (截止到……)
如：昨晚九点我已完成我的作业了。
I had finished my homework by nine o’clock last night.
(2) by the end of +过去的时间点 (到……末)
We had learned over three thousand English words by the end of last term.
如：到上学期末我们已经学了三千多个英语单词。
(3) before+过去的时间点 (在……以前)
如：在去年之前，他们已经写了三本小说了。
He had written three novels before last year.
(4) when, before, by the time等引导的时间状语从句。
如：By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
Before I could put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
(5) 通过上下文暗示。
Mr. Smith died last year. He had been a good friend of mine.
如：史密斯先生去年去世了。他是我的好朋友。
过去完成时的其他用法
(1) 常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
如：她告诉我她上周五前就写完了她的作业。
She told me she had finished her homework before last Friday.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
(2) 常用动词“think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend, expect”等的过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
(本以为,本打算,本期望怎么样，结果与现实结果相反)
如：他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
公交车比他预想的早到了。
The bus arrived earlier than he had expected.
Practice
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
2. By the time I got to class, the teacher ___________ (start) the class.
3. We _____________ (learn) over 1,000 words by the end of last term.
4. I ___________ (clean) the room before he arrived here.
5. By the time I received the letter, I ____________ (tell) the content of it.
had gone
had started
had learnt
had cleaned
had been told
二、单项选择
1. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ____for 10 minutes.
A. has been on B. had been on
C. had stopped D. had begun
2. Robert was very upset that most of his friends ___when he ___at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. had left; arrived
C. left; arrived D. had left; had arrived
3.She ___ her keys in her office so she had to wait until her husband ___ home.
A. has left; comes B. had left; would come
C. had left; came D. left; had come
4. She said she ________ the story already.
A. has read B. read
C. will read D. had read
5. They ______ six hundred trees by last weekend.
A. planted B. have planted
C. will have planted D. had planted
B
B
C
D
D
三、句型转换。
1. I had cooked the dinner when my parents came back. (改为否定句)
I __________ _________ the dinner when my parents came back.
2. Mary’s brother went into the bathroom and then Mary got up. (改写句子)
When Mary _____ ______ , her brother ____ ____ ___ the bathroom.
3. By the time she got up, her mother had gone to work. (对画线部分提问)
________ _______ her mother done by the time she got up
hadn’t cooked
had been in
got up
What had
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
______________________________________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.
______________________________________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
______________________________________________________________
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
Before I could put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
n. 奶油；乳脂
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
______________________________________________________________
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
______________________________________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my
language course.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
The movie had already started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
n. 工作日
Write the past form and past participle for the following verbs.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
rushed rushed
forgot forgotten
arrived arrived
went gone
showed shown
found found
赶到；露面
原形
过去式
过去分词
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else ____ already
_________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ____________
to add the green beans.
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I ______
already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
had
shown up
had forgotten
had
rushed out
bean n. 豆；豆荚
market n. 市场；集市
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about the
earthquake.
5. When she _________ the movie theatre, she remembered she had
forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _____________ the
building.
arrived at
had gone into
had found out
4c
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
By the time I left for school in the morning, _______________.
By the end of the school day, ___________________________.
By dinner time, I _____________________________________.
I had already had breakfast.
I had already had my hair cut.
I had gotten a present from Tom.
I had had these articles read.
I had finished my homework.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
had finished all the housework.
Language points
By the end of the school day, … (教材P92 4c)
by the end of 含有“不迟于”的意思。意为“在（某时间点）以前”，通常情况下，根据by the end of后接时间的不同，句子选用相应的时态：
(1) 接将来的时间，句子用一般将来时
如：By the end of next month, I will go to Shanghai to attend a meeting.
(2) 接现在的时间，句子用现在完成时
如：By the end of this term, we have learned 6 English songs.
(3) 接过去的时间，句子用过去完成时
如：By the end of last month, I had read 3 books.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Review the grammar.
3. Preview the new words on page 93.
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