人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages around the world 词汇课件（21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
Unit 5
Languages around the world
词汇课
native
(1)adj.本地的;出生地的;原产于某地的，土产的
搭配用法：native land故乡/ native country祖国/ native language母语
短语用法： be native to...原产于……
翻译：原产于中国的大熊猫受到全世界人的喜爱。
(2)n.[C]出生于某国(或某地)的人;本地人;本地的动物(或植物)
搭配用法 a native of.. ……本地人;原产于……的动物(或植物)
翻译：原产于中国的大熊猫受到全世界人的喜爱
Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.听一篇演讲,在母语使用人数最多的两种语言前打钩。
The giant panda which is native to China is loved by people throughout the world.
The giant panda which is a native of China is loved by people throughout the world。
Official language官方语言
standard language标准语言
native language/mother tongue母语
second language 第二语言
foreign language 外语
spoken language 口语
written language 书面语
putonghua 普通话/dialect 地方话，方言
Circle the official languages of the United Nations(UN).
What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么？
attitude
n.[C]态度,看法
搭配用法1）attitude to/toward(s)...对……的态度/看法
搭配用法2）a positive/negative attitude to/toward(s)... 对……的积极/常见 消极态度/看法
搭配用法3）have/adopt/take a(n)...attitude to/toward(s)... 对……持……态度
搭配用法4）an attitude of mind 心态问题
It's your attitude to life that determines what you will be in the future.你对生活的态度决定了你未来将成为什么。
翻译：如果想要改善状况，必须对所发生的事情持积极态度。
If you want to improve the situation, you must take a positive attitude to what has happened.
What do the italicized words refer to in the sentences
句子中的斜体词指的是什么
refer to
意思(1)描述,与……相关,涉及
The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March 长征.
意思(2)谈到,提及,说起
搭配用法 refer to...as... 将……称为……
例句：People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.
意思(3)查阅,参考,征询
例句： He referred to a history book to find out when the second world war broke out.
相关词语: refer v.-------reference n.[C,U]说到(或写到)的事;[U]参考，查阅
in/with reference to(所述内容)关于
for future reference 供日后参考 到 reference book 参考书;工具书
refer to
look up
区分refer to 和 look up "查阅,参考",
refer to 后接所查的工具书或资料,如词典、笔记、参考书等;.
If you don‘t know what it means, refer to the dictionary.如果你不知道它的意思,去查词典
look up后接 word，phrase 等需要查找的对象,
常用于"look up sth.in.../look sth. Up in…."结构
If you don't know what it means, look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道它的意思,去查词典
Kirsty
Civilisation n. 文明；文明世界
The Inca civilization 印加文明
Civilise vt. 使文明；使教化
Civilised adj. 文明的
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation.
中国因其古代文明闻名于世
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modem times. despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明遗址延续至今而闻名于世。
despite是介词,意为"即使,尽管",相当于in spite of
例句：尽管面临挑战，我们的团队仍对工作持乐观态度。
Despite the challenges, our team take an optimistic attitude to our work.
搭配用法1） despite doing sth. 尽管做了某事
例句：尽管面临挑战，我们的团队仍对工作持乐观态度。
Despite facing the challenges, our team take an optimistic attitude to our work.
搭配用法2）despite the fact that...尽管发生了某事
例句：Tina was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.
注意：despite=in spite of事介词短语，后面跟名词或v-ing短语；而although和though是连词，后跟从句。
浮沉，兴衰，荣辱
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture based language.
汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。
based ★adj.以…为基础的; 以……为重要部分(或特征)的 ★vt. 以…为据点;以…为基础 ★ n. 底部;根据
固定搭配：be based on...以……为基础;以……为据点 base...on...把……建立在……的基础上 base...in...把(总部等)设在
A good marriage is based on trust.
She based the story on her own experience.
They based the company in Beijing.
语法填空
(1)I won't accept an opinion unless it is based _____facts.
(2)The company is based ____New York.
同义句转换(3)Your theory should be based on practice.
You should _____your theory ______practice
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
date back 表示"追溯到",后接表示一段时间的名词。
The skills of cooking in China can date back thousands of years.
date back to 意为"追溯到,始于" ,相当于 date from,后接时间点
It is said that cleaning houses before the Spring Festival is an old custom dating back to Yao and Shun period. 据说春节前打扫房子这个古老的习俗可以追溯到尧舜时代。
填date back 还是date back to？
MoLiHua is a popular Chinese song which _________the 19th centey.
相关词语积累:date vt.确定年代;注明日期;与(某人)谈恋爱n.[C]日期;约会
Animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.……龙骨指动物骨头和壳,古代中国人在上面刻画简单的符号。
symbol n.[C]象征;记号,符号
搭配用法 a/the symbol of... ……的象征
例句：米老鼠是美国文化的象征。
Mickey Mouse is the symbol of American culture.
相关词语积累:symbolize v. 象征,代表 symbolic adj. 象征性的
He came to symbolize his country's struggle for independence.他逐渐成为祖国为争取独立而斗争的象征。
as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
……这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。
Variety
n.[C](植物、语言等）变体,异体;[sing.](同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样。
常见搭配1）the variety of... ……的不同种类/多种式样
常见搭配2）a (wide) variety of或varieties of... 各种各样的……
（varieties of 后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）
I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我心动。
The article was about the different varieties of English spoken all over the world.这篇文章是关于世界各地所说的各类英语。
相关词语：
vary vi.相异，vt.改变 ------variety n. 变化，多样化，变体，异体------various adj.各种各样的
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ...
1) adj. 主要的,重要的,大的(常作前置定语)
There are 2 major political parties in America.
2) n. 主修课程，专业课，主修学位
例句：她在大学的专业是数学和物理。
Her major is maths and physics at university.
3) vi. 主修，专门研究
短语：major in 主修
例句：她在大学主修数学和物理。
She majored in maths and physics at university.
as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Character
（1）n.[C]文字,符号;角色,人物
常见搭配：Chinese characters 汉字
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year 你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年 Scar is a cruel and dangerous character in The Lion King.刀疤在《狮子王》中是一个残酷且危险的角色。
（2）n.[C,usually sing. ]品质,性格;特点,特色;[C,usually sing.,U]特征
A man's actions show his character.行为可显示一个人的品性。
The two towns are similar in size but very different in character.这两个城镇大小差不多,但特色却大不相同。
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介
means n.[C]方式,方法,途径
短语搭配：
means of(doing)sth. 做某事的方法
by this means 通过这种方式
by means of... 借助……手段,依靠……方法
by no means 决不,一点儿也不(置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
by all means 当然可以,没问题(常用作交际用语)=of course
For most people in the city, the bus is their main means of transport. 对这个城市的大多数人来说,公共汽车是他们的主要交通工具。
We can make great progress in our English study by this means.我们可以通过这种方式在英语学习中取得很大的进步。
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想借助言语来表达。
By no means will Jane agree to go hiking this weekend. She has too much work to do.简决不会同意这周末去远足。她有太多工作要做。
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy...中国人对其书写体系推崇备至,这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式--书法……
regard(1)n.[U]尊重,尊敬;注意,关注;[pl.]问候
regard for... 对……的尊重
例句：We have great regard for the doctors and nurses fighting in the front line.
give one's regards(to sb.)代某人(向某人)问好
Give my kind regards to him when you see him.
(2)v. 将……认为,把……视为,看待 regard…as..把……看作……
例句：Despite such a difference in attitudes towards what one eats, there is no doubt that foreigns regard the Chinese food as something special.
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
意思(1)vt. 欣赏,赏识,重视
I'm not an expert, but I appreciate fine works of art.我不是专家,但我欣赏优秀的艺术作品。
(2)vt. 感激,感谢 ------
短语1）appreciate(sb./sb.'s)doing... 感激(某人)做……
短语2）I would appreciate it if..如果……,我将不胜感激。
appreciate 后不接不定式。另外,appreciate 后面不能直接跟if引导的从句,若接 if 从句,要借助 it,即构成 appreciate int if...句式。
例句：Since you are familiar with Chinese culture, I would appreciate___ if you could give me some advice.
特别提醒(1)appreciate 不用于进行时。它表示"感谢"时,只能接"事"不能接"人"作宾语,与 thank 用法刚好相反,thank 常构成"thank sb.for sth.(因某事而感谢某人)"结构。
翻译：我十分感谢你的帮助。 I greatly appreciate your help. 和I Thank you very much for your help.
appreciate v.
appreciation n.[U]感谢
appreciative adj.感激的
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or no matter what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人仍能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。
句式剖析 该句是 no matter where和 no matter what 引导的让步状语从句。
"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导让步状语从句 no matter 与what/who/when/where/how 等特殊疑问词连用,引导让步状语从句。此时"no matter+特殊疑问词"与 whatever/ whoever /whenever /wherever /however 等可以互换。(注意:why不放在 no matter 后面。)
No matter what(=Whatever) you’ve decided to do, you must do it with great efforts.
No matter where( =Wherever) you are, you must obey the laws.
特别提醒whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however 等还可以引导名词性从句,但此时不能与”no matter+特殊疑问词”互换。
Whatever advice you give me will be of great help to me. 你给我的任何建议都会对我大有帮助。 (主语从句>
I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这张票,我就把它给谁。 (宾语从句)
Wherever _
Whatever _
When I started studying German, it was struggle.当我开始学习德语时,这很难。
struggle (1)n.[sing.]难事;[C]斗争,努力
短语1）lt is (not) a struggle to do sth.做某事(不)是件难事。
短语2） a struggle between...and… ……与……之间的斗争
短语3）a struggle for/against sth.争取/反抗某事物的斗争
短语4）a struggle to do sth.为做某事而进行的斗争/努力.
Struggle (2)vi.&v.奋斗,努力;v.斗争;vi.争夺;挣扎脱身
struggle for...为……奋斗/争夺……
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
struggle with/against... 和……斗争
a struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来。
It was a real struggle to complete this task in such a short time
As teenagers grow older, they struggle to be independent but at the same time, badly need their parents’ love.随着青少年年龄的增长他们努力独立,但同时也非常需要父母的爱。
People in the country have been struggling for freedom since the 19t century.
demand
n.要求，需求
in demand 需求量大
Good secretaries are always in demand.
on demand 一经要求
Feed the baby on demand.按需喂养宝宝。
v. 强烈要求;需要;
demand to know/see/have/... 要求知道/看看 /拥有 /……
demand sth of sb 向某人要求某物
Thank you