高中英语人教版（新课程标准）选修7、8 综合评估检测(三) （有答案解析）
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（新课程标准）选修7、8 综合评估检测(三) （有答案解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-01-31 20:51:20 | ||
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综合评估检测（三）
选修7、8
(120分钟 135分)
Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us with an innate language ability not found in lower 6 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 7 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 8 times for language development.
Current 9 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the lower grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 10 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 11 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
Although some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 12 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 13 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 14 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 15 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their children’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated
2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite
3. A. attainments B. feasibility C. entertainments D. evolution
4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible
5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince
6. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children
7. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion
8. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological
9. A. reviews B. references C. reactions D. recommendations
10. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved
11. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions
12. A. distinguished B. divided C. protected D. isolated
13. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction
14. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative
15. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
In today’s competitive world, the ability to work happily with other people is a good way of marking yourself out from everybody 16 . While teamwork may offer the chance to blame others 17 your mistakes, you can never blame 18 for your failings as a teammate. Get to know one another, so you can build up a group and combine your advantages. Find out each other’s values, weaknesses, and past 19 (achieve).
Don’t shy away from disagreements 20 work out how 21 (deal) with them. Humor can be a good way, so have a laugh together.
Before getting down to business, it’s important to establish ground rules. First, make sure you all share the same idea of time. Will 9: 30 am meetings take place at midday Then, work out how you are going to make decisions. These are probably 22 (well) made at a formal meeting and communicated by e-mail. You must also agree with your teammate 23 will be responsible for making decisions. Even if you have decided 24 decisions don’t have to be agreed on, it is important that every team member 25 (keep) active.
Ⅱ. 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
(A)
A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents the continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (锋) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强度). They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms，floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms.
Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions, with identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological(气象学的)stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies.
26. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is_______.
A. floods B. fronts
C. temperature changes D. frosts
27. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _______.
A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels
C. satellite reports D. changing fronts
28. The observation of weather conditions by satellite is helpful because it _______.
A. is modern
B. uses electronic instruments
C. makes weather prediction easier
D. shows things that would otherwise take hours to describe in a few minutes
29. A weather map is a summary because it _______.
A. sums up a great deal of information B. appears daily
C. shows changing fronts D. is a science book
30. You may possibly read this article in _______.
A. a magazine B. newspaper
C. a novel D. a science book
(B)
［2012揭阳模拟］
In Western countries people have been using the installment (分期付款) plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments. In the U. S. A. , the figure is much higher than that in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.
The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment (预付定金) when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.
Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts, there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression (萧条). This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment and installments to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.
31. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the installment plan
A. A lot of British families use the installment plan.
B. More than 10 percent of American families buy things on installments.
C. Americans depend more on installment than British people do.
D. Americans spend one tenth of their income on installment buying.
32. Goods bought on installments are more expensive than goods bought by cash because _______.
A. the buyer has to pay extra money as interest
B. the delivery of the goods charges extra money
C. the buyer has to pay a down payment
D. the service offered by installment plan charged extra money
33. What will happen to a buyer if he fails to make the full payment for an item bought on installments
A. He might lose his job.
B. He will stop owning the item he has bought.
C. He will have to sell what he has bought.
D. He will go into debt.
34. The advantage of installment buying might include all the following EXCEPT that _______.
A. purchasing power is strengthened
B. employment might be increased
C. people develop a good habit of saving money
D. young couples are able to furnish their homes
35. In some countries, the governments control the installment plan to _______.
A. increase employment
B. avoid depressions
C. ensure that businesses make good profits
D. ensure that people can pay for what they buy
(C)
Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist. . . Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the seventeenth century. Once he worked with renowned men of science like Christian Huygens, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of thirteen, and from there he went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments. In 1662, at the age of twenty-eight, he was named Curator of Experiments of the newly-formed Royal Society of London. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that it had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through the microscope was one of his favorite occupations. He devised a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. They were cells—the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who coined the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院).
Perhaps because of his varied interests, Hooke often left experiments unfinished. Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole(独占的)credit. This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. One work that he finished was his book MICROGRAPHIA, a volume that reveals the immense potential of the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(坑) on the moon is named after him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.
36. Robert Hooke probably went to school in _______.
A. 1647 B. 1634 C. 1662 D. 1664
37. From the first paragraph, we can know that Robert Hooke _______.
A. was famous because he worked with many scientists
B. liked making friends with the famous people
C. received a lot from other scientists
D. made contributions to many different fields
38. Robert Hooke made himself known to some of the best scientists in England by _______.
A. learning by himself with his father’s help
B. introducing himself to them
C. designing experiments and devising instruments
D. refusing any reward from Royal Society of London
39. Robert Hooke couldn’t get along well with his colleagues because _______.
A. he couldn’t finish his work on time sometimes
B. he had all kinds of interests in his daily life
C. he was too proud to look up to them
D. the other scientists took the fruits of his experiments
40. Which of the following about the book MICROGRAPHIA is TRUE
A. It has been used in many fields.
B. Its ideas on gravity and light might have been helpful for Newton.
C. Newton realized the importance of it.
D. Hooke thought highly of Newton’s scientific theory in it.
(D)
As you climb into the hill country, the roads get dustier and rougher, and fewer cars can be seen. Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank that can be found just off the road. A UK organization helped to build it six years ago, and in the nearby village of Thapho, where clean drinking water is scarce, it has made a big difference. The tank feeds six taps which in turn give water to over 800 people—it has improved things for almost every family, from schoolchildren to grannies.
But lately, we were told, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there are concerns that there will not be enough clean water to go round.
There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400km railway link, which could transform the landlocked country. About 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies How will the workers be fed
The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment,Laos still falls well behind its neighbours, although its economy has grown at about 6% a year in the last decade. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.
But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow: fortunately so far the fast-food chains and coffee bars common elsewhere are nowhere to be seen. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are available to those with satellite dishes.
The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN’s least-developed category by 2020.
41. The underlined word “scarce” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______.
A. valuable B. rare C. infrequent D. missing
42. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water
A. Dust from the road is making the water dirtier.
B. There are too many taps accessing the water.
C. The population of the area is growing fast.
D. The coming summer will dry up rivers and lakes.
43. What is the most serious limitation on Laos’ economic growth
A. The lack of local skilled workers.
B. A poor transportation system.
C. Too much foreign aid.
D. Too many foreign workers.
44. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for Laos to be hopeful
A. There are no fast-food restaurants in the country.
B. Laos has a variety of tourist attractions.
C. Information on the Internet is freely accessible.
D. The government owns all local media.
45. What is the best title for the passage
A. Laos: small steps forward B. Laos: slow-developing nation
C. Laos: least-developed land D. Laos: landlocked country
第二节 信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下列网上交友资料与信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
以下是网上交友信息：
A. Yiyang, Man, 19 Years old
Occupation Student
My Native Tongue Chinese
Interested In Listening to Music, Playing Sports, My Family & Friends, Going to the Movies, Reading, Watching Sports, Local Travel, National Travel, Gaming
B. Julian, Man, 23 Years old
Occupation Engineer
My Native Tongue English
Interested In Diving, Listening to Music, Playing Sports, Television, Swimming, Reading
C. Brighton, Woman, 21 Years old
Occupation Teacher
My Native language English
Interested In Television, My Family & Friends, Reading, Gaming, Chatting Online, Volunteering
D. Lydia, Woman, 26 Years old
Occupation Administrator
My Native language English
Interested In Writing, having published quite a few books of novels
E. Senela, Woman, 20 Years old
Occupation Secretary
My Native language Tibetan
Interested In Listening to Music, Writing, Cooking, Television, My Family & Friends, Reading, Watching Sports, Chatting Online
F. Roman, Man, 25 Years old
Occupation Engineer
My Native language Cantonese
Interested In Listening to Music, Playing Sports, Television
以下是与交友相关的信息，请匹配符合他(她)们的对应的信息。
46. Ling Tao, man, 18 years old，a student, interested in sports. He’d like to find a pen-friend who is also a student and has the same interest with him in order to discuss sports through the Internet.
47. Mary, woman, 22 years old, interested in writing very much. She wants to become a writer and prefers to make friends with a person who can give her some guide in writing.
48. Wang Ping, woman, 19 years old, interested in music and chatting online. She is now a college student majoring in secretary and would like to find a pen-friend who can give her some help with her major.
49. Peter, man, 23 years old, engineer, interested in sports and watching TV plays. He is now studying Chinese and wants to make friends with a man who can help him with Cantonese.
50. Yang Lin, man, 24 years old, engineer, interested in making friends and volunteering. He’d like to find a pen-friend who has the same interest with him and can teach him English.
Ⅲ. 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
自我国成功加入WTO以来，我们与国际的交流越来越多，英语成为主要的交流工具，同时我们的文化也在国际上进一步传播，我们作为中国文化的传承者应该做好哪些细节呢？请根据以下提示写一篇短文。
1. 我们是文明古国，有着传统的文化习俗；
2. 讲文明从多说文明话语做起，即使是一声简单的“谢谢”也会发挥重要作用；
3. 不随地乱扔垃圾，不在公共场所大声喧哗；
4. 常保持微笑是我们表达友好的最佳身势语；
5. 主动向有需要的人伸出援助之手。
【写作要求】
1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
2. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Friendship with oneself is all important, because without it one cannot be friends with anyone else in the world.
We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. That is the crucial first step if we are to have good relationships with others. How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationship with ourselves
Here are some tips:
1. Forgive yourself
You may have made those mistakes in the past, but is there anything you can do about them I don’t think so, except learning from them. It’s true that you are not perfect, but neither is everybody else. It’s normal to make mistakes, so do yourself a favor by giving yourself forgiveness.
2. Focus on your strengths
Instead of focusing on your weaknesses, focus on your strengths. You always have some strengths which give you a unique combination nobody else have. Recognize your strengths and build your life around them.
3. Stop comparing yourself with others
You are unique. You can never be like other people, and neither can other people be like you. The way you measure your success is not determined by other people and what they achieve. Instead, it is determined by your own life purpose. You have everything you need to achieve your life purpose, so it’s useless to compare yourself with others.
【写作内容】
假设你的同学总觉得自己学习不如别人，因而产生自卑心理，请你根据上面所提供的材料写一篇短文,用E-mail 发给他(她)：
1. 以约30个词概括文章大意，说明首先要善待自己的观点；
2. 以约120个词表达你对他(她)的建议和希望，并包括如下要点：
(1)分析他(她) 产生自卑心理的原因；
(2)找出他(她)的优势；
(3)提出合理建议。
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 文章开头和结尾已写好。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
Dear Li Ping,
I’m glad that you trust me so much and tell me your true feeling, now I’ve read an article which says that________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the best wishes!
Yours truly，
Wang Yan
答案解析
主要讲述语言的由来和发展。
1. 【解析】选B。此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。evolve逐渐发展，进化,符合题意。generate产生，引起；born (bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；originate起源，不能用first修饰。
2. 【解析】选A。根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。
3. 【解析】选A。此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娱乐；evolution进化。
4. 【解析】选D。此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了使用语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对……负责，是……的缘由。其他选项不与for搭配。
5. 【解析】选C。根据语法分析,空格后应是一个宾语从句，confirm(确认)+名词；inform(通知)sb. of sth. ；convince(使某人确信) sb. of sth. 。
6. 【解析】选B。此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。
7. 【解析】选A。此句意为：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；passion激情。
8. 【解析】选B。此句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社会的；psychological心理的。
9. 【解析】选A。此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。review评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。
10. 【解析】选B。此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth. to sb. 不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事；be involved in参与。
11. 【解析】选C。此句意为：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rule规则，规律；regulation规定；formation构成，构造；constitution宪法，章程。
12. 【解析】选D。此句意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；divided分离的，分开的；protected受到保护的。
13. 【解析】选D。此句总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比较；contrast对比。
14. 【解析】选A。根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激；requirement要求；alternative可供选择的事物。
15. 【解析】选C。本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior(模仿性的后天行为)”。In other words换言之，换句话说；As a result结果是；After all毕竟；Above all首先。
这篇文章主要告诉我们怎样与他人合作。
16. 【解析】else 意思是“与他人合作工作的能力是使自己显示出与其他人不同的好方法”，用在复合代词everybody后作定语，表示“其他的”，用else。
17. 【解析】for 表示“因某事责备某人”是blame sb. for sth. 。
18. 【解析】them 指代上文中的others，在句中作宾语，用them。
19. 【解析】achievements 与前面的values和weaknesses同时充当动词短语find out的并列宾语，用名词形式。
20. 【解析】but 这是表示“不是……而是……”的not. . . but. . . 结构。
21. 【解析】to deal 这是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
22. 【解析】best 根据句意这里表示 “最好”之意，故用最高级。
23. 【解析】who 这里是定语从句，先行词teammate在定语从句中充当主语，指人，所以用who。
24. 【解析】that decided后接了一个宾语从句，该宾语从句句子结构和句意都完整，因而用连词that。
25. 【解析】be kept 由keep sb. active(使某人保持活跃的状态)，可知every team member与keep是被动关系，故用被动语态。
气象图是地理学家的一个重要工具。三、四幅连续的气象图可以展示出天气的变化，气象员可以借助气象图预报天气。地理系的学生应该会准确地看气象图。
26. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的第四句提到floods和 frosts，最后一句提到fronts，只有C项内容没有提到。
27. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，30天的天气预报是依据对上层大气的分析，所以选B。
28. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. 可知答案。
29. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. 可知答案。
30. 【解析】选D。文章出处题。这是一篇科普文章，介绍的是卫星发来的气象图在天气预报中起的作用。由此推断出很有可能来自于科学书籍。
分期付款在英国和美国盛行，分期付款就是购买者先付价格的四分之一或三分之一作为预付定金，等到商品运来后，再按周或按月付完所欠钱款。分期付款有一定的优点，但也有缺点。
31. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的. . . people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan. 美国人多于十分之一的收入花在分期付款上，而不是十分之一的美国家庭分期付款。可知B错误。
32. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、二句尤其是There is a charge for interest. 可知，分期付款的物品价格更高是因为有利息在里面。
33. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. 可推出直到买方把所欠钱款全部付清时，分期付款的商品的合法拥有权才属于买方。如果不能做到，那就无法拥有其产品。
34. 【解析】选C。细节判断题。根据最后一段对分期付款的优点和缺点的陈述可知，A、B、D都是优点，只有C没有提到。
35. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中最后一句：有些国家政府控制分期付款的目的就是不让人们买超出他们付款能力的东西。
罗伯特·胡克集发明家、物理学家、鉴定人、天文学家、生物学家和艺术家等于一身。据说他是十七世纪最伟大的实验科学家。
36. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“1662年他28岁”可推知他十三岁时应该是1647年。
37. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章首句Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist. . . Robert Hooke was all these and more. 及下文描述可知，胡克在很多领域都做出了贡献。
38. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments. 可知答案。
39. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole credit. This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. 可知别人独占他的成果，所以他才和同事争吵，和同事之间的关系不好。
40. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句话的内容可知他的书里关于地球引力和光的观点对牛顿这样的科学家帮助很大。
41. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，一个混凝土水箱的建造改善了该地区人们的用水情况，由此可知，该地区缺乏干净的饮用水。scarce“缺乏的，不足的，稀少的”与rare同义。
42. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，由于这里新来了很多人，从而使干净水的供应成了问题。
43. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，限制该地区经济的最大问题是当地缺乏训练有素的技术工人。
44. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，老挝的发展优势有：可发展旅游业、可发展快餐业、可自由地获得网络信息。当地所有媒体由政府运营并不是优势，因此选D项。
45. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了缓慢发展中的老挝，A项正确。
46. 【解析】选A。关键词是student和sports。
47. 【解析】选D。关键词是writing。
48. 【解析】选E。关键词是Music, Chatting Online和secretary。
49. 【解析】选F。关键词是Cantonese。
50. 【解析】选C。关键词是Volunteering。
基础写作
China is one of the four oldest civilized countries in the world and we have many traditional good customs and cultures. As is known to all, using polite phrases more often is the beginning of cultivating good manners, even a simple “Thank you” matters a lot. Neither litter anywhere you like nor make noises in the public in terms of good manners. It’s the best body language for us to keep smile to show our friendship to others. Always ready to help others whenever they get into troubles.
读写任务
Dear Li Ping,
I’m glad that you trust me so much and tell me your true feeling, now I’ve read an article which says that it is important to be friendly to yourself first and then to others, and gives a few tips, such as forgiving yourself, realizing your virtues and not comparing with others.
As is known to all, no one is perfect，and everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses, so if you fall behind others in some aspects, it’s natural and there’s nothing so serious as for you to feel frustrated. I know you’re worried about your study because you’ve not got as good results as some of your classmates in the exams, but that’s not the most important, so long as you try your best, I’m sure you’ll make progress. Besides, You have your own virtues which some others don’t have, for example, you play basketball better than many other students in our school, and you also play the guitar well. How much we envy you!
So never feel discouraged if you fall behind others in your study, and be sure you are good at many aspects.
With the best wishes!
Yours truly，
Wang Yan
选修7、8
(120分钟 135分)
Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us with an innate language ability not found in lower 6 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 7 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 8 times for language development.
Current 9 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the lower grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 10 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 11 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
Although some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 12 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 13 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 14 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 15 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their children’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated
2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite
3. A. attainments B. feasibility C. entertainments D. evolution
4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible
5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince
6. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children
7. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion
8. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological
9. A. reviews B. references C. reactions D. recommendations
10. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved
11. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions
12. A. distinguished B. divided C. protected D. isolated
13. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction
14. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative
15. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
In today’s competitive world, the ability to work happily with other people is a good way of marking yourself out from everybody 16 . While teamwork may offer the chance to blame others 17 your mistakes, you can never blame 18 for your failings as a teammate. Get to know one another, so you can build up a group and combine your advantages. Find out each other’s values, weaknesses, and past 19 (achieve).
Don’t shy away from disagreements 20 work out how 21 (deal) with them. Humor can be a good way, so have a laugh together.
Before getting down to business, it’s important to establish ground rules. First, make sure you all share the same idea of time. Will 9: 30 am meetings take place at midday Then, work out how you are going to make decisions. These are probably 22 (well) made at a formal meeting and communicated by e-mail. You must also agree with your teammate 23 will be responsible for making decisions. Even if you have decided 24 decisions don’t have to be agreed on, it is important that every team member 25 (keep) active.
Ⅱ. 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
(A)
A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents the continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (锋) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强度). They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms，floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms.
Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions, with identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological(气象学的)stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies.
26. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is_______.
A. floods B. fronts
C. temperature changes D. frosts
27. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _______.
A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels
C. satellite reports D. changing fronts
28. The observation of weather conditions by satellite is helpful because it _______.
A. is modern
B. uses electronic instruments
C. makes weather prediction easier
D. shows things that would otherwise take hours to describe in a few minutes
29. A weather map is a summary because it _______.
A. sums up a great deal of information B. appears daily
C. shows changing fronts D. is a science book
30. You may possibly read this article in _______.
A. a magazine B. newspaper
C. a novel D. a science book
(B)
［2012揭阳模拟］
In Western countries people have been using the installment (分期付款) plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments. In the U. S. A. , the figure is much higher than that in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.
The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment (预付定金) when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.
Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts, there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression (萧条). This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment and installments to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.
31. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the installment plan
A. A lot of British families use the installment plan.
B. More than 10 percent of American families buy things on installments.
C. Americans depend more on installment than British people do.
D. Americans spend one tenth of their income on installment buying.
32. Goods bought on installments are more expensive than goods bought by cash because _______.
A. the buyer has to pay extra money as interest
B. the delivery of the goods charges extra money
C. the buyer has to pay a down payment
D. the service offered by installment plan charged extra money
33. What will happen to a buyer if he fails to make the full payment for an item bought on installments
A. He might lose his job.
B. He will stop owning the item he has bought.
C. He will have to sell what he has bought.
D. He will go into debt.
34. The advantage of installment buying might include all the following EXCEPT that _______.
A. purchasing power is strengthened
B. employment might be increased
C. people develop a good habit of saving money
D. young couples are able to furnish their homes
35. In some countries, the governments control the installment plan to _______.
A. increase employment
B. avoid depressions
C. ensure that businesses make good profits
D. ensure that people can pay for what they buy
(C)
Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist. . . Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the seventeenth century. Once he worked with renowned men of science like Christian Huygens, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of thirteen, and from there he went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments. In 1662, at the age of twenty-eight, he was named Curator of Experiments of the newly-formed Royal Society of London. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that it had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through the microscope was one of his favorite occupations. He devised a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. They were cells—the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who coined the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院).
Perhaps because of his varied interests, Hooke often left experiments unfinished. Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole(独占的)credit. This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. One work that he finished was his book MICROGRAPHIA, a volume that reveals the immense potential of the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(坑) on the moon is named after him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.
36. Robert Hooke probably went to school in _______.
A. 1647 B. 1634 C. 1662 D. 1664
37. From the first paragraph, we can know that Robert Hooke _______.
A. was famous because he worked with many scientists
B. liked making friends with the famous people
C. received a lot from other scientists
D. made contributions to many different fields
38. Robert Hooke made himself known to some of the best scientists in England by _______.
A. learning by himself with his father’s help
B. introducing himself to them
C. designing experiments and devising instruments
D. refusing any reward from Royal Society of London
39. Robert Hooke couldn’t get along well with his colleagues because _______.
A. he couldn’t finish his work on time sometimes
B. he had all kinds of interests in his daily life
C. he was too proud to look up to them
D. the other scientists took the fruits of his experiments
40. Which of the following about the book MICROGRAPHIA is TRUE
A. It has been used in many fields.
B. Its ideas on gravity and light might have been helpful for Newton.
C. Newton realized the importance of it.
D. Hooke thought highly of Newton’s scientific theory in it.
(D)
As you climb into the hill country, the roads get dustier and rougher, and fewer cars can be seen. Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank that can be found just off the road. A UK organization helped to build it six years ago, and in the nearby village of Thapho, where clean drinking water is scarce, it has made a big difference. The tank feeds six taps which in turn give water to over 800 people—it has improved things for almost every family, from schoolchildren to grannies.
But lately, we were told, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there are concerns that there will not be enough clean water to go round.
There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400km railway link, which could transform the landlocked country. About 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies How will the workers be fed
The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment,Laos still falls well behind its neighbours, although its economy has grown at about 6% a year in the last decade. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.
But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow: fortunately so far the fast-food chains and coffee bars common elsewhere are nowhere to be seen. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are available to those with satellite dishes.
The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN’s least-developed category by 2020.
41. The underlined word “scarce” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______.
A. valuable B. rare C. infrequent D. missing
42. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water
A. Dust from the road is making the water dirtier.
B. There are too many taps accessing the water.
C. The population of the area is growing fast.
D. The coming summer will dry up rivers and lakes.
43. What is the most serious limitation on Laos’ economic growth
A. The lack of local skilled workers.
B. A poor transportation system.
C. Too much foreign aid.
D. Too many foreign workers.
44. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for Laos to be hopeful
A. There are no fast-food restaurants in the country.
B. Laos has a variety of tourist attractions.
C. Information on the Internet is freely accessible.
D. The government owns all local media.
45. What is the best title for the passage
A. Laos: small steps forward B. Laos: slow-developing nation
C. Laos: least-developed land D. Laos: landlocked country
第二节 信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下列网上交友资料与信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
以下是网上交友信息：
A. Yiyang, Man, 19 Years old
Occupation Student
My Native Tongue Chinese
Interested In Listening to Music, Playing Sports, My Family & Friends, Going to the Movies, Reading, Watching Sports, Local Travel, National Travel, Gaming
B. Julian, Man, 23 Years old
Occupation Engineer
My Native Tongue English
Interested In Diving, Listening to Music, Playing Sports, Television, Swimming, Reading
C. Brighton, Woman, 21 Years old
Occupation Teacher
My Native language English
Interested In Television, My Family & Friends, Reading, Gaming, Chatting Online, Volunteering
D. Lydia, Woman, 26 Years old
Occupation Administrator
My Native language English
Interested In Writing, having published quite a few books of novels
E. Senela, Woman, 20 Years old
Occupation Secretary
My Native language Tibetan
Interested In Listening to Music, Writing, Cooking, Television, My Family & Friends, Reading, Watching Sports, Chatting Online
F. Roman, Man, 25 Years old
Occupation Engineer
My Native language Cantonese
Interested In Listening to Music, Playing Sports, Television
以下是与交友相关的信息，请匹配符合他(她)们的对应的信息。
46. Ling Tao, man, 18 years old，a student, interested in sports. He’d like to find a pen-friend who is also a student and has the same interest with him in order to discuss sports through the Internet.
47. Mary, woman, 22 years old, interested in writing very much. She wants to become a writer and prefers to make friends with a person who can give her some guide in writing.
48. Wang Ping, woman, 19 years old, interested in music and chatting online. She is now a college student majoring in secretary and would like to find a pen-friend who can give her some help with her major.
49. Peter, man, 23 years old, engineer, interested in sports and watching TV plays. He is now studying Chinese and wants to make friends with a man who can help him with Cantonese.
50. Yang Lin, man, 24 years old, engineer, interested in making friends and volunteering. He’d like to find a pen-friend who has the same interest with him and can teach him English.
Ⅲ. 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
自我国成功加入WTO以来，我们与国际的交流越来越多，英语成为主要的交流工具，同时我们的文化也在国际上进一步传播，我们作为中国文化的传承者应该做好哪些细节呢？请根据以下提示写一篇短文。
1. 我们是文明古国，有着传统的文化习俗；
2. 讲文明从多说文明话语做起，即使是一声简单的“谢谢”也会发挥重要作用；
3. 不随地乱扔垃圾，不在公共场所大声喧哗；
4. 常保持微笑是我们表达友好的最佳身势语；
5. 主动向有需要的人伸出援助之手。
【写作要求】
1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
2. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Friendship with oneself is all important, because without it one cannot be friends with anyone else in the world.
We often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. That is the crucial first step if we are to have good relationships with others. How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationship with ourselves
Here are some tips:
1. Forgive yourself
You may have made those mistakes in the past, but is there anything you can do about them I don’t think so, except learning from them. It’s true that you are not perfect, but neither is everybody else. It’s normal to make mistakes, so do yourself a favor by giving yourself forgiveness.
2. Focus on your strengths
Instead of focusing on your weaknesses, focus on your strengths. You always have some strengths which give you a unique combination nobody else have. Recognize your strengths and build your life around them.
3. Stop comparing yourself with others
You are unique. You can never be like other people, and neither can other people be like you. The way you measure your success is not determined by other people and what they achieve. Instead, it is determined by your own life purpose. You have everything you need to achieve your life purpose, so it’s useless to compare yourself with others.
【写作内容】
假设你的同学总觉得自己学习不如别人，因而产生自卑心理，请你根据上面所提供的材料写一篇短文,用E-mail 发给他(她)：
1. 以约30个词概括文章大意，说明首先要善待自己的观点；
2. 以约120个词表达你对他(她)的建议和希望，并包括如下要点：
(1)分析他(她) 产生自卑心理的原因；
(2)找出他(她)的优势；
(3)提出合理建议。
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 文章开头和结尾已写好。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
Dear Li Ping,
I’m glad that you trust me so much and tell me your true feeling, now I’ve read an article which says that________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the best wishes!
Yours truly，
Wang Yan
答案解析
主要讲述语言的由来和发展。
1. 【解析】选B。此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。evolve逐渐发展，进化,符合题意。generate产生，引起；born (bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；originate起源，不能用first修饰。
2. 【解析】选A。根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。
3. 【解析】选A。此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娱乐；evolution进化。
4. 【解析】选D。此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了使用语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对……负责，是……的缘由。其他选项不与for搭配。
5. 【解析】选C。根据语法分析,空格后应是一个宾语从句，confirm(确认)+名词；inform(通知)sb. of sth. ；convince(使某人确信) sb. of sth. 。
6. 【解析】选B。此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。
7. 【解析】选A。此句意为：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；passion激情。
8. 【解析】选B。此句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社会的；psychological心理的。
9. 【解析】选A。此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。review评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。
10. 【解析】选B。此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth. to sb. 不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事；be involved in参与。
11. 【解析】选C。此句意为：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rule规则，规律；regulation规定；formation构成，构造；constitution宪法，章程。
12. 【解析】选D。此句意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；divided分离的，分开的；protected受到保护的。
13. 【解析】选D。此句总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比较；contrast对比。
14. 【解析】选A。根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激；requirement要求；alternative可供选择的事物。
15. 【解析】选C。本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior(模仿性的后天行为)”。In other words换言之，换句话说；As a result结果是；After all毕竟；Above all首先。
这篇文章主要告诉我们怎样与他人合作。
16. 【解析】else 意思是“与他人合作工作的能力是使自己显示出与其他人不同的好方法”，用在复合代词everybody后作定语，表示“其他的”，用else。
17. 【解析】for 表示“因某事责备某人”是blame sb. for sth. 。
18. 【解析】them 指代上文中的others，在句中作宾语，用them。
19. 【解析】achievements 与前面的values和weaknesses同时充当动词短语find out的并列宾语，用名词形式。
20. 【解析】but 这是表示“不是……而是……”的not. . . but. . . 结构。
21. 【解析】to deal 这是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
22. 【解析】best 根据句意这里表示 “最好”之意，故用最高级。
23. 【解析】who 这里是定语从句，先行词teammate在定语从句中充当主语，指人，所以用who。
24. 【解析】that decided后接了一个宾语从句，该宾语从句句子结构和句意都完整，因而用连词that。
25. 【解析】be kept 由keep sb. active(使某人保持活跃的状态)，可知every team member与keep是被动关系，故用被动语态。
气象图是地理学家的一个重要工具。三、四幅连续的气象图可以展示出天气的变化，气象员可以借助气象图预报天气。地理系的学生应该会准确地看气象图。
26. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的第四句提到floods和 frosts，最后一句提到fronts，只有C项内容没有提到。
27. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，30天的天气预报是依据对上层大气的分析，所以选B。
28. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. 可知答案。
29. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文中第二段的Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. 可知答案。
30. 【解析】选D。文章出处题。这是一篇科普文章，介绍的是卫星发来的气象图在天气预报中起的作用。由此推断出很有可能来自于科学书籍。
分期付款在英国和美国盛行，分期付款就是购买者先付价格的四分之一或三分之一作为预付定金，等到商品运来后，再按周或按月付完所欠钱款。分期付款有一定的优点，但也有缺点。
31. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的. . . people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan. 美国人多于十分之一的收入花在分期付款上，而不是十分之一的美国家庭分期付款。可知B错误。
32. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、二句尤其是There is a charge for interest. 可知，分期付款的物品价格更高是因为有利息在里面。
33. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. 可推出直到买方把所欠钱款全部付清时，分期付款的商品的合法拥有权才属于买方。如果不能做到，那就无法拥有其产品。
34. 【解析】选C。细节判断题。根据最后一段对分期付款的优点和缺点的陈述可知，A、B、D都是优点，只有C没有提到。
35. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中最后一句：有些国家政府控制分期付款的目的就是不让人们买超出他们付款能力的东西。
罗伯特·胡克集发明家、物理学家、鉴定人、天文学家、生物学家和艺术家等于一身。据说他是十七世纪最伟大的实验科学家。
36. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“1662年他28岁”可推知他十三岁时应该是1647年。
37. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章首句Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist. . . Robert Hooke was all these and more. 及下文描述可知，胡克在很多领域都做出了贡献。
38. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments. 可知答案。
39. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole credit. This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. 可知别人独占他的成果，所以他才和同事争吵，和同事之间的关系不好。
40. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句话的内容可知他的书里关于地球引力和光的观点对牛顿这样的科学家帮助很大。
41. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，一个混凝土水箱的建造改善了该地区人们的用水情况，由此可知，该地区缺乏干净的饮用水。scarce“缺乏的，不足的，稀少的”与rare同义。
42. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，由于这里新来了很多人，从而使干净水的供应成了问题。
43. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，限制该地区经济的最大问题是当地缺乏训练有素的技术工人。
44. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，老挝的发展优势有：可发展旅游业、可发展快餐业、可自由地获得网络信息。当地所有媒体由政府运营并不是优势，因此选D项。
45. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了缓慢发展中的老挝，A项正确。
46. 【解析】选A。关键词是student和sports。
47. 【解析】选D。关键词是writing。
48. 【解析】选E。关键词是Music, Chatting Online和secretary。
49. 【解析】选F。关键词是Cantonese。
50. 【解析】选C。关键词是Volunteering。
基础写作
China is one of the four oldest civilized countries in the world and we have many traditional good customs and cultures. As is known to all, using polite phrases more often is the beginning of cultivating good manners, even a simple “Thank you” matters a lot. Neither litter anywhere you like nor make noises in the public in terms of good manners. It’s the best body language for us to keep smile to show our friendship to others. Always ready to help others whenever they get into troubles.
读写任务
Dear Li Ping,
I’m glad that you trust me so much and tell me your true feeling, now I’ve read an article which says that it is important to be friendly to yourself first and then to others, and gives a few tips, such as forgiving yourself, realizing your virtues and not comparing with others.
As is known to all, no one is perfect，and everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses, so if you fall behind others in some aspects, it’s natural and there’s nothing so serious as for you to feel frustrated. I know you’re worried about your study because you’ve not got as good results as some of your classmates in the exams, but that’s not the most important, so long as you try your best, I’m sure you’ll make progress. Besides, You have your own virtues which some others don’t have, for example, you play basketball better than many other students in our school, and you also play the guitar well. How much we envy you!
So never feel discouraged if you fall behind others in your study, and be sure you are good at many aspects.
With the best wishes!
Yours truly，
Wang Yan