备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷九（含答案详解）

备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷九
再开发卷九编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a "keyhole" in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" to choose from. Inserting the correct "key" would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的）shapes. His ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference". In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues（线索）, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
2. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
一句话概括本文大意：___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，及其派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
shape-recognition_____________ → face-recognition → speech recognition 语言识别,语音识别技术 → vt. _____________认出，识别；承认 → adj. recognized公认的；经过验证的
differently _____________ → adj. different不同的；个别的，与众不同的 → n. _____________差异；不同；争执 → vt. differ使…不同
insert _____________ → (词根词缀： in-向内 + -sert-加入) → n. insertion插入；嵌入；插入物
trial-and-error _____________ → trial and error method 试错法
possess _____________ → n. _____________拥有；财产 → take possession of 占有；占领 → adj. possessive占有的；所有的
reference _____________ → vi. _____________参考；涉及；提到；查阅 → with reference to 关于（等于in reference to）
be native to _____________
_____________熟练于
_____________ 类似于
_____________ 释放出
were presented with_____________
a geometric shape_____________
a round shape_____________
in a specific direction_____________
_____________ 大多数情况下
by visual recognition alone_____________
_____________ 解决
_____________完全依靠
_____________触觉
following instructions_____________
turning the box around_____________
grouping toys_____________
the follow-up test_____________
aim to find out_____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a general _____________ (recognizable) of the urgent need for reform.
Research shows that present-day women think and behave _____________ (difference) from men.
Recently, birds have been found to _____________ (possessive) some of the same cognitive abilities!
There is no direct _____________ (refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
None of us is _____________ (entire) blameless in this matter.
It is important to follow the manufacturer's _____________ (instruct).
Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of _____________ (specialized) groups.
I am very unhappy with the _____________ (direct) the club is taking.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
Plants are grouped into botanical "families" that have certain characteristics in common._____________
Students stood around in groups waiting for their results. _____________
The trouble involved a small group of football fans._____________
Members of an environmental group are staging a protest inside a chemical plant._____________
At school he played bass in a pop group called The Urge._____________
I should know by now not to throw away the directions until we've finished cooking._____________
St. Andrews was ten miles in the opposite direction._____________
We are looking for somebody with a clear sense of direction ._____________
There is some clever direction and the film is very well shot. _____________
The exhibition provides evidence of several new directions in her work. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的）shapes.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2.His ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3.This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做七选五填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___1___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___2___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___3___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___4___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___5___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷九参考答案
参考答案
一句话概括本文大意：The article mainly introduces a cockatoo that can recognize different shapes and skillfully uses tools.
第一步 语篇解析：
1：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
2：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
3：推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
4：主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，及其派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
shape-recognition形状识别的 → face-recognition → speech recognition 语言识别,语音识别技术 → vt. recognize认出，识别；承认 → adj. recognized公认的；经过验证的
differently adv. 不同地，相异地 → adj. different不同的；个别的，与众不同的 → n. difference差异；不同；争执 → vt. differ使…不同
insert vt. 插入 → (词根词缀： in-向内 + -sert-加入) → n. insertion插入；嵌入；插入物
trial-and-error 不断摸索的 trial and error method 试错法
possess v. 拥有；具备 → n. possession拥有；财产 → take possession of 占有；占领 → adj. possessive占有的；所有的
reference n. 参考 → vi. refer参考；涉及；提到；查阅 → with reference to 关于（等于in reference to）
be native to 原产于…
be skilful at熟练于
be similar to 类似于
let out 释放出
were presented with被给予
a geometric shape几何形状
a round shape圆形的
in a specific direction往特定的方向去
in most cases 大多数情况下
by visual recognition alone仅通过视觉识别
work out 解决
rely entirely on完全依靠
a sense of touch触觉
following instructions下列的说明
turning the box around把盒子转过来
grouping toys分组玩具
the follow-up test后续试验
aim to find out旨在弄清
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a general recognition (recognizable) of the urgent need for reform.
Research shows that present-day women think and behave differently (difference) from men.
Recently, birds have been found to possess (possessive) some of the same cognitive abilities!
There is no direct reference (refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
None of us is entirely (entire) blameless in this matter.
It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions (instruct).
Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific (specialized) groups.
I am very unhappy with the direction (direct) the club is taking.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
Plants are grouped into botanical "families" that have certain characteristics in common. 把…归在一起; 形成一组
Students stood around in groups waiting for their results. 成群地
The trouble involved a small group of football fans. 群
Members of an environmental group are staging a protest inside a chemical plant. 团体
At school he played bass in a pop group called The Urge. 乐队
I should know by now not to throw away the directions until we've finished cooking. 说明书; 食谱
St. Andrews was ten miles in the opposite direction. 方向
We are looking for somebody with a clear sense of direction . 目的；目标
There is some clever direction and the film is very well shot. （电影导演的）指点，指示
The exhibition provides evidence of several new directions in her work. 趋势
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的）shapes.
分析： but连接两个并列句；第二个并列句中it will be another year是主句；时间状语从句before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical（对称的）shapes.使用现在时表示将来时。
翻译： 在人类中，婴儿可以从一岁左右就把圆形放在圆形洞里，但再过一年才能用不那么对称的形状做同样的事情。
2.His ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference
分析： 不定式to recognize作为His ability的定语；不定式的宾语从句中before it will fit是时间状语从句。
翻译： 他能够识别出一个形状需要转向一个特定的方向的才能被称为“异中心参照系”
3.This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
分析： 连接词that连接This indicates的宾语从句；do/did/does连接动词原形表示强调，加强语气；省略句when moving objects in space省略主谓；形容词短语similar to two-year-old babies主谓定语。
翻译： 这表明，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉在空中移动物体时，确实具有一个异中心的参考系，类似于两岁的婴儿。
第三步. 模仿训练步骤: 1.做七选五填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
七选五是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
1题：上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
2题：上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的“writing letters”。故选B项。
3题：下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
4题：分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
5题：设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
汇与句型积累：
long-lasting adj. 持久的；持续的；长期的
squeezing 挤时间
Merrier adj. 愉快的( merry的比较级)
communicate v. 沟通
frequently adv. 频繁地，经常
compensate v. 补偿；弥补
alternative adj. 备选的
additional adj. 附加的，添加的
anniversaries n. 周年纪念
slip v. 溜走
conscious adj. 神志清醒的；慎重的
rely on 依靠，依赖
keep it in good health保持良好的健康状态
long-distance friendships远距离友谊
stick to 遵守；忠于；坚持
constant written communication持续的书面沟通
left behind 留下；遗留
be sensitive to 敏感与.....
be sympathetic to 对……同情.
feel abandoned觉得被抛弃了
day-to-day communication日常沟通
keeps track of跟踪
a sense of connectedness一种联系感
seek out 找出；物色；找到
whenever possible 只要可能
The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
分析： 定语从句who is remaining修饰The friend；
翻译： 留下来的的朋友对搬家的朋友身上，额外的时间需求需要保持敏感度。
Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.
It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
分析： Although连接的让步状语从句，可以改为but连接的并列句，汉语意思都是：虽然......但是......
翻译： 虽然技术可能会使日常交流成为可能，但在特殊的日子里还需要经常有额外的努力。
虽然通过社交媒体很容易获得一种联系感，但长距离的友谊——即使是亲密的友谊——可能需要更有意识的努力来维持。