备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十八（含答案详解）

备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十八
再开发卷十八编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry -- and failed attempts to use technology -- have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
4. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.grazing _____________ vi. graze吃草；擦伤
2._____________ n. 方法，手段 adj. approachable亲切的；可接近的
3.shortage _____________ adj. short短的；不足的 v. _____________缩短；变短
4.given _____________
5.run _____________ in the long run 长远；终究
6.analyze _____________ n. analysis_____________
7._____________ vt. （尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪，追踪 _____________ 田径；田径赛 on track 走上正轨 keep track 通晓事态，注意动向
8.increasingly _____________ adj. increasing越来越多的，渐增的 v. _____________增加
9.convince _____________ adj. convinced确信的；深信的 _____________令人信服的；有说服力的
10.inspect _____________ n. inspection视察，检查 _____________检查员；巡视员
11.promise _____________ adj. promising_____________
12.is right for 适合
13.is inexperienced in _____________
14._____________ 经历，经过
15.low profitability _____________
16._____________ 传统的方式
17.bring down the cost of _____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, _____________ (give) that I don't earn that much.
Spending the holidays in Britain wasn't a prospect that I found particularly _____________ (appeal).
There were dark clouds overhead _____________ (promise) rain.
What's the best way of _____________ (approach) this problem
The best argument for efficiency is its cost—or, more precisely, its _____________ (profit).
She was _____________ (experienced) and needed a guiding hand.
Engineers carried out a thorough _____________ (inspect) of the track.
I am _____________ (convince) that he has learned from his mistakes.
The world is becoming _____________ (increase) interdependent.
I agree with her _____________ (analyze) of the situation.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
1.The path serves as an approach to the boathouse._____________
2.We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information._____________
3.With autumn approaching, the plants and colours in the garden changed._____________
4.We heard the sound of a car approaching._____________
5.When Brown approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief._____________
6.There is a need for understanding and cooperation as we approach the summit._____________
7.The government has promised a full investigation into the disaster. _____________
8.The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. _____________
9.If you make a promise, you should keep it. _____________
10.While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Years of experience in the industry -- and failed attempts to use technology -- have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
要求: 1.做七选五; 2.划出重点单词、短语以及句型，整理在线格处; 3.分析长难句
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____1____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____2____
____3____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____4____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____5____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十八参考答案
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
1.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
2.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
3.B细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
4.D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.grazing adj.吃草的，放牧的 vi. graze吃草；擦伤
2.approach n. 方法，手段 adj. approachable亲切的；可接近的
3.shortage n. 短缺，不足 adj. short短的；不足的 v. shorten缩短；变短
4.given prep. 考虑到；如果，倘若
5.run v. 运行 in the long run 长远；终究
6.analyze vt. 对……进行分析 n. analysis分析；分解
7.track vt. （尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪，追踪 track and field 田径；田径赛 on track 走上正轨 keep track 通晓事态，注意动向
8.increasingly adv. 越来越多地，不断增加地 adj. increasing越来越多的，渐增的 v. increase增加
9.convince v. 使确信，使信服；说服，劝服 adj. convinced确信的；深信的 convincing令人信服的；有说服力的
10.inspect v. 审视；进行检查 n. inspection视察，检查 inspector检查员；巡视员
11.promise n. 前途，指望 adj. promising有希望的，有前途的
12.is right for 适合
13.is inexperienced in 在某方面或做某事是没有经验的
14.go through 经历，经过
15.low profitability 低盈利能力
16.the traditional way 传统的方式
17.bring down the cost of 以降低成本
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given (give) that I don't earn that much.
Spending the holidays in Britain wasn't a prospect that I found particularly appealing (appeal).
There were dark clouds overhead promising (promise) rain.
What's the best way of approaching (approach) this problem
The best argument for efficiency is its cost—or, more precisely, its profitability (profit).
She was inexperienced (experienced) and needed a guiding hand.
Engineers carried out a thorough inspection (inspect) of the track.
I am convinced (convince) that he has learned from his mistakes.
The world is becoming increasingly (increase) interdependent.
I agree with her analysis (analyze) of the situation.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
1.The path serves as an approach to the boathouse.路径
2.We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.方法
3.With autumn approaching, the plants and colours in the garden changed.渐近
4.We heard the sound of a car approaching.驶近
5.When Brown approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief.接洽
6.There is a need for understanding and cooperation as we approach the summit.即将参加
7.The government has promised a full investigation into the disaster. 承诺
8.The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. 迹象
9.If you make a promise, you should keep it. 诺言
10.While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive. 一定会
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.分析：不定式to monitor作为定语，修饰a robot；同位语a development解释说明a robot；定语从句that could bring big changes to a profession修饰限制a development；定语从句that's relied largely on a low-tech approach修饰限制a profession；连词but连接两个定语从句。
翻译：澳大利亚一位教授正在研发一种监测牧畜健康状况的机器人，这一发明可能会给畜牧业带来巨大改变。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低科技手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺。
2.分析：破折号连接的部分起到了补充说明作用；that连接了have convinced的宾语从句；形容词failed作为attempts的定语；with的宾语补足语常见的有6中形式to do / doing / done /adj. / adv. / pron. 在表达中往往充当状语，偶尔也可以用作定语或表语等。
翻译：多年的行业经验以及使用技术的失败尝试让他相信，检测牛的最好方法是让一个人骑在马上。
3.分析：非限制性定语从句who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago,起到补充说明作用；and连接两个宾语补足语； 定语从句that an animal is getting sick修饰先行词 signs。
翻译：邦兹在大约50年前买了他的第一头牛，现在他仍然让他的每个牛仔每天检查300或400头牛，寻找动物生病的迹象。
第三步. 模仿训练
要求: 1.做七选五; 2.划出重点单词、短语以及句型，整理在线格处; 3.分析长难句
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
1.D. 根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
2.G. 根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
3.B. 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
4.C. 根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
5.E. 根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
词汇与句型积累：
1.look through浏览，温习glance over；skim through; review
2.the table of content内容表
3.the chapter heading章标题
4.in the long run从长远来看
5.dealing with处理；对待
6.in the former case对于前一种情况
7.make a note of做笔记
8.in detail详细地detailedly
9.as a reminder当作提醒
10.If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much.
分析：If连接条件状语从句；at which连接定语从句，at the speed of 以......速度，在介词+which连接定语从句中，把先行词还原到动词后面即可根据搭配判断出介词来。
翻译：如果你只读小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能不是很重要。