备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十二（含答案详解）

备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十二
再开发卷十二编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1,600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon,she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless-the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals."
1.Why did Merebeth changed her job
A. She wanted to work near her home. B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D. Her former employer was out of business.
2.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to_
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A. She has chances to see rare animals. B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time. D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
self-employed _____________
specialist _____________ → special adj.特殊的，特别的→_____________ adv. 特别地；专门地 → specialize vt.使专门化
downturn _____________ → 构词down- + turn；→ 同义词decline → 短语_____________ 经济滑坡经济低迷
hit _____________
went broke _____________
_____________ v. 闲逛；游荡，溜达，徘徊
whiteout _____________
off-road _____________
unpleasantly_____________→ _____________ adj. 讨厌的；使人不愉快的;→ unpleasantness n.不愉快的事，煞风景的事
heed _____________
_____________ 金融危机
is inherited from _____________
_____________ 事实证明
air conditioning _____________
_____________ 变得不安
independent-spirited _____________
out of business _____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
A bank clerk wants to use this _____________ (special) vocabulary and technical terms of finance.
Certainly the church in the past rammed this home in an _____________ (unpleasantness) threatening manner.
The figures represent a general decline in _____________ (employer).
But few at the conference in London last week _____________ (heedlessly) his warning.
She would like to be more _____________ (finance) independent.
The author believes emotional energy is _____________ (inheritor) and genetically determined.
Because of social _____________ (condition), men don't expect to be managed by women.
From the audience came increasing sounds of _____________ (restless).
Phil was now much more _____________ (independence) of his parents.
She put up a _____________ (spirit) defence in the final game.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
He hit his head on the low ceiling. _____________
The town was hit by bombs again last night. _____________
The tax increases will certainly hit the poor. _____________
Temperatures hit 40°yesterday. _____________
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me._____________
Is personality the result of conditioning from parents and society, or are we born with it _____________
It's easy to make a wrong turn here even under ideal weather conditions._____________
He was by nature a spirited little boy._____________
This television programme provoked a spirited debate._____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.As soon as she graduated from high school, she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做完形填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her __1__ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply __2__ a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my __3__ was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had __4__ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in __5__ . "Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so __6__ ," she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being __7__ ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research __8__ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team __9__ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done __10__ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms.Burdeyney began raising __11__ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. __12__ she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 __13__ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to __14__ that there are solutions," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after __15__ . "I say there is no old __16__ , there's only neglect. Don't stand __17__ , do something about it."
Ms. Burdeyney __18__ that she is hoping to do more money for the research project. "I just want to bring __19__ into people eyes and this is just the __20__ ."There is still a long way to go.”
A.Throat B.skin C.lungs D.eyes
A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down
A.story B.treatment C.life D.relationship
A.similar B.various C.personal D.special
A.turn B.peace C.vain D.silence
A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing
A.compromised B.forgotten C.substituted D.separated
A.course B.program C.paper D.conference
A.informed B.doubted C.included D.dismissed
A.part-time B.controversial C.voluntary D.ground-breaking
A.money B.standards C.awareness D.questions
A.As ever B.So far C.In return D.Once again
A.wasted B.donated C.expected D.earned
A.imagine B.confirm C.remember D.understand
A.retirement B.childbirth C.graduation D.marriage
A.time B.rule C.age D.tale
A.straight B.still C.firm D.alone
A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added
A.light B.joy C.color D.beauty
A.future B.beginning C.truth D.meaning
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十二参考答案
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
分析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来, 她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
1：推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理, 经济低迷打击了这家公司。公司破产了, 她只好另寻新工作）”, 可知, Merebeth之所以换工作, 是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2：词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说, 除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州, 她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方, 她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”, 可知, 划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
3：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候, 我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立, 我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”, 可知, Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，或派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
self-employed adj. 自己经营的；个体经营的
specialist n. 专家；能手→ special adj.特殊的，特别的→specially adv. 特别地；专门地 → specialize vt.使专门化
downturn n. 衰退，低迷时期→ 构词down- + turn；→ 同义词decline → 短语economic downturn 经济滑坡经济低迷
hit v. 打击，冲击
went broke 破产了
wander v. 闲逛；游荡，溜达，徘徊
whiteout n. 乳白天空（极地的一种大气光象），因暴露于恶劣环境而引起的临时性失明
off-road adj. 越野的
unpleasantly adv. 令人不愉快地，不讨人喜欢地→ unpleasant adj. 讨厌的；使人不愉快的;→ unpleasantness n.不愉快的事，煞风景的事
heed vt. 注意，留心
the financial crisis 金融危机
is inherited from 继承自
turns out 事实证明
air conditioning n. 空气调节系统
gets restless 变得不安
independent-spirited 独立精神的
out of business 破产
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
A bank clerk wants to use this specialist (special) vocabulary and technical terms of finance.
Certainly the church in the past rammed this home in an unpleasantly (unpleasantness) threatening manner.
The figures represent a general decline in employment (employer).
But few at the conference in London last week heeded (heedlessly) his warning.
She would like to be more financially (finance) independent.
The author believes emotional energy is inherited (inheritor) and genetically determined.
Because of social conditioning (condition), men don't expect to be managed by women.
From the audience came increasing sounds of restlessness(restless).
Phil was now much more independent(independence) of his parents.
She put up a spirited (spirit) defence in the final game.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词性和意义：
He hit his head on the low ceiling. 碰撞
The town was hit by bombs again last night. 命中
The tax increases will certainly hit the poor. 产生不良影响
Temperatures hit 40°yesterday. 到达
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.使突然想起
Is personality the result of conditioning from parents and society, or are we born with it 熏陶的
It's easy to make a wrong turn here even under ideal weather conditions.条件
He was by nature a spirited little boy.生气勃勃的
This television programme provoked a spirited debate.激烈的
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.As soon as she graduated from high school, she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
分析： 连接词As soon as连接时间状语从句；关系副词where连接非限制性定语从句。
翻译： 高中一毕业，她就离开家，住在加州海岸外的卡特琳娜岛，远离父母，在那里她享受着航海和越野自行车的生活。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做完形填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
答案：1. DBCAD 6. CABCD 11. ABCDA 16. CBDAB
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
1：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题, 明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知, 她有眼睛问题, 故选D项。
2：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知, 她遭受眼睛问题, 这是一段糟糕的经历, 故选B项。
3：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安, 因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗, 对待；C. life生命, 生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦, 生活质量自然会被影响, 故选C项。
4：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题, 符合语境逻辑, 故选A项。
5：考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知, 他们很多人保持了沉默, 故选D项。
6：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义, 其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑, 故选C项。
7：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦, 生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦, 这属于健康问题, 威胁生命, 故选A项。
8：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划, 这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目, 故选B项。
9：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic, 其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知, 这位专家在这个团队中, 故选C项。
10：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic, 其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知, 他是带来希望的人, 是最先做的, 他的工作具有开创性, 故选D项。
11：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望, Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”, 故选A项。
12：考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前, 他们已经筹集了111000美金, 有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态, 应选择so far, 他们已经筹集了111000美金, 故选B项。
13：考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前, 他们已经筹集了111000美金, 有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱, 预期未来还有部分金额, 故选C项。
14：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说, “我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望, 所以要让他们理解办法是有的, 故选D项。
15：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知, 她本可以不工作了可知, 她已经退休了, 故选A项。
16：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪, 只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题, 故选C项。
17：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动, 做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语, 呼吁人们采取行动, 不要什么都不做, 故选B项。
18：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话, 后面又继续说, 即为补充说, 故选D项。
19：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明, 这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识, 眼睛是人们识别光的器官, 此处一语双关, 只看到的光, 也指希望, 故选A项。
20：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明, 这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知, 只是开始, 故选B项。
词汇与句型积累：
notably adv. notable的派生词；显著地；尤其
dryness n. 的派生词； 干燥；干燥度
discomfort n. 不舒适，苦恼
helpless adj. 无助的，无法抑制的
insecure adj. 无安全的；不牢靠的
in silence 安静地，无声地
insignificant adj. 不重要的；毫无意义的；不足道
compromised 妥协，让步
eventually adv. 最后，终于
ground-breaking adj. 开拓性的，独创的
expected adj. （用作定语）预期要发生的，期待中的
solution n. solve的派生词；解决办法；溶解；答案
retirement n. retire的派生词；退休，隐居
neglect v. 疏忽；忽视
stand vt. 忍受；抵御
having problems with 有问题
going through 熬过
a ray of hope 一线生机；一线希望
a trained nurse 训练有素的护士
a personal trainer 私人教练
bring light into 使…更清楚
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in silence .
分析： 定语从句who had similar problems 修饰先行词friends；宾语从句that they were largely suffering in silence .作为并列谓语discovered的宾语。
翻译： 伯迪尼和一些有类似问题的朋友交谈，发现他们大部分是默默忍受。
The research team included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done ground-breaking work on eye care using stem cells.
分析： 关系代词who连接非限制性定语从句；现在分词短语using stem cells作为伴随状语。
翻译： 该研究团队包括加拿大医生艾伦·斯洛莫维奇，他在使用干细胞进行眼科护理方面做了开创性的工作。