备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷五（含解析）

备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷五
再开发卷五编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛力，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为走马观花，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到滴水穿石的效果。而有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免猴子掰苞米式的刷题，不做贪吃的鱼。阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，做好反刍的牛力，力求提高语篇学习效果。
本系列课时作业，通过精心策划，从近三年20余套高考真题中精选90篇短文，经过一个多月的深度开发而成。每个课时分为三个步骤对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，并要求答题过程标注选择答案的依据，旨在引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的准度。第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，突出重点词汇在上下文中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译。第三步开展模仿训练，通过三步走来引导学生在阅读之后，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累语言知识，提高语篇训练的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile that she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend's invitation.
3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
一句话概括本文大意：___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，及其派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
professional adj. _____________ → n. _____________ 职业，专业
eventually adv. _____________ adj. → _____________ 最后的，结果的 vi. → eventuate 结果为；终于发生
prefer v. 较喜欢; 偏爱 → adj. preferable 更好的；更合意的 → preference n. 偏爱，偏好；更喜欢的人（或物）
board v. _____________ → _____________ 在船（火车、飞机）上 → on the board 在董事会，将在会上讨论；在那块木板上
humpback n. _____________→ humpback whale 座头鲸；驼背鲸
prehistoric adj. _____________ → n. prehistory 史前；史前史
operatic adj. _____________ → opera n. 歌剧演出，歌剧表演；歌剧团，歌剧院；→ operatic music 歌剧音乐
underwater adj. _____________
_____________ n. 认识，领会；实现 → n. reality 现实；实际；真实 → vt. _____________ 实现；认识到； → realism 现实主义
_____________ adj. 宝贵的；珍奇的 → adv. _____________ 昂贵地；仔细地 → n. preciousness 珍贵；过分讲究
challenging adj. _____________ → adj. changeableness 挑战性的 → n. _____________ 挑战；怀疑 → challenger _____________ → vt. challenge 向…挑战
witnessing sunrises _____________
greeted by _____________
longing to say hello _____________
kick-started _____________
had a deep love for travel _____________
_____________ 长大离开了家
_____________ 获得学位
the southernmost tip _____________
_____________ 不知道
_____________ 留下了深刻的印象
rose out of the water _____________
_____________ 回顾，回想起
_____________ 遵守；坚持
hit home _____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
After he won the amateur championship he turned _____________ (profession).
She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _____________ (eventual) work for ‘The Times’.
Many people expressed a strong _____________(prefer) for the original plan.
The best of the Harry Potter films feel like personal and dramatic stories told in a grand _____________(opera) way.
Without the participation of intellectuals, the _____________ (realize) of the four modernizations is impossible.
Only when we witness death will we recognize the _____________(precious) of life.
Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and _____________(challenge) .
As a general rule, keeping smiling can leave a good _____________ (impress) on the interviewers.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词义：
The exam results went up on the board. _____________
The board is/are unhappy about falling sales. __________________________
I boarded the plane bound for Boston._____________
Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. _____________
Sanya is the southernmost city in China. _____________
He wore a grey suit and leaned heavily on his stick._____________
They sent in loads of male nurses and stuck a needle in my back. _____________
Don't forget to cut out the picture and stick it on your card. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.And it was in Chile that she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
分析： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us
分析： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
3.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
分析： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ______________________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做七选五填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 1 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training efforts as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷五参考答案
参考答案
一句话概括本文大意：Ginni Balinton,71-year-old, had a deep love of touring the world and began her journey to Antarctica in 2008 after her children got married.
第一步 语篇解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
1：词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文 “Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)” 和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)” 可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
2：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
3：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
4：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义，及其派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. profession 职业，专业
eventually adv. 最后，终于 adj. eventual 最后的，结果的 vi. eventuate 结果为；终于发生
prefer v. 较喜欢; 偏爱 adj. preferable 更好的；更合意的 preference n. 偏爱，偏好；更喜欢的人（或物）
board v. 上船 on board 在船（火车、飞机）上 on the board 在董事会，将在会上讨论；在那块木板上
humpback n. 座头鲸humpback whale 座头鲸；驼背鲸
prehistoric adj. 史前的 n. prehistory 史前；史前史
operatic adj. 歌剧的；歌剧风格的 opera n. 歌剧演出，歌剧表演；歌剧团，歌剧院；operatic music 歌剧音乐
underwater adj. 在水中的；水面下的
realization n. 认识，领会；实现 n. reality 现实；实际；真实 vt. realize 实现；认识到； realism 现实主义
precious adj. 宝贵的；珍奇的 adv. preciously 昂贵地；仔细地 n. preciousness 珍贵；过分讲究
challenging adj. 艰巨的；有挑战性的 adj. changeableness 挑战性的 n. challenge 挑战；怀疑 challenger 挑战者 vt. challenge 向…挑战
witnessing sunrises 目睹日出
greeted by 受到迎接
longing to say hello 渴望打个招呼
kick-started 使尽快启动
had a deep love for travel 我非常热爱旅行
flew the nest 长大离开了家
taking a degree 获得学位
the southernmost tip 最南端
had no idea about 不知道
left an impression on 留下了深刻的印象
rose out of the water 从水面上冒出来
bring back 回顾，回想起
stick to 遵守；坚持
hit home 深深打入；击中要害
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
After he won the amateur championship he turned professional (profession).
She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and eventually (eventual) work for ‘The Times’.
Many people expressed a strong preference (prefer) for the original plan.
The best of the Harry Potter films feel like personal and dramatic stories told in a grand operatic (opera) way.
Without the participation of intellectuals, the realization (realize) of the four modernizations is impossible.
Only when we witness death will we recognize the preciousness (precious) of life.
Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging(challenge) .
As a general rule, keeping smiling can leave a good impression (impress) on the interviewers.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的词义：
The exam results went up on the board. 布告牌
The board is/are unhappy about falling sales. 董事会
I boarded the plane bound for Boston.登上 (火车、船或飞机)
Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. (在外住宿的) 膳食
Sanya is the southernmost city in China. 最南端的
He wore a grey suit and leaned heavily on his stick.拐杖
They sent in loads of male nurses and stuck a needle in my back. 扎入
Don't forget to cut out the picture and stick it on your card. 粘贴
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.And it was in Chile that she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
分析： 强调句式it was in Chile that强调的是地点在智利；现在分词短语going to Antarctica作为定语修饰ships；同位语the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.说明了火地岛的位置。
翻译： 正是在智利，她发现可以在最后一刻买到便宜的船票，该船从南美洲大陆最南端的火地岛附近去南极.
2.I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us
分析： 三个并列句，可以看成是应用排比的修辞，增加了表达效果，描写座头鲸的可爱。
翻译： 我记得我第一次看到座头鲸；它就像史前生物一样从水面上冒出来，我以为它在对我们微笑
3.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
分析： 定语从句that this is a precious land修饰先行词The realization；不定式to be respected by humans,作为定语；定语从句that hit home to Ginni.修饰先行词the biggest things；
翻译： 意识到这是一块珍贵的土地，值得人类尊重，这是吉莉认为最重要的事情之一。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做七选五填空题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有健身搭档的好处，以及如何才能找到一个好的搭档。
1. C 本段空白前提到感谢健身搭档的五个理由，其中一个是“如果你知道 有人在健身房等你，你就会去”，由 while another read 可知，空白处的内容 应该是另一个理由，C 选项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”符合题 意。
2. D 上一段和本段开头提到关于如何找到健身搭档，首先要决定你想从那 个人那里得到什么，根据后一句 Or do you just want to be physically fit … 可知 D 选项 Do you want to be a better athlete … 和它是并列关系，符合 题意。
3. B 空白后 … that person must belong to the same gym 讲的是如果你打 算在健身房锻炼，你和健身搭档一定得在同一个健身房，由此可推测出，空 白处的内容应该和距离健身搭档远近有关，B 选项“健身搭档通常需要住 在附近” 符合语境。
4 G 本段开头提到我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下 来又对布告的内容做了具体的介绍。作者以自己搭档发布的布告为例，目的 是介绍发布告的注意事项，故 G 选项“任何健身搭档的通知都应包括这些信息”符合题意。
5. F 空白前作者提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空白后提到随着时 间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，可以推断，F 选项“接受你们的不同， 学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “You'll work harder if you train with someone else. 1 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training efforts as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
5 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
词汇与句型积累：
run vt. 发表，刊登
title vt. 给……加标题
workout n. 锻炼
read v. 写着
Competition n. 竞争；比赛；竞争者
post v. 发布(信息或图片)
response n. 回 应
session n. 一段时间
list vt. 列举
weight n. 重物，哑铃
flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性
response n. 答复；反应
request n. 要求，请求
show up 出现
physically fit 体格健壮
social media 社交媒体
result in 导致
work out 锻炼
belong to 属于
notice board 布告牌
over time 渐渐地，慢慢地
close by (离……) 不远
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response.
分析： 并列连词but连接两个并列句；连接代词what连接posting的宾语从句
翻译： 你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但这可能不会产生有用的回应。
Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
分析： 三个连接词what，how，how连接included的三个宾语从句。
翻译： 她的注意包括她想做什么样的训练，每周有多少天，她想在每次训练上花多少个时间，以及她的年龄。