备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十六（含答案详解）

备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十六
再开发卷十六编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving, but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I am hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
1. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
2. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
3. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
4. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.globally _____________; adj. global全球的；总体的；球形的 n. _____________地球；地球仪；球体vt. globalize使全球化 n. _____________全球化
2.extremely _____________ ; adj. _____________极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的 n. extreme极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物
3.absolutely _____________ adj. absolute绝对的；完全的；专制的 n. _____________绝对；绝对事物
4.mobile _____________ n. mobility_____________
5._____________ adj. 很大的，十分紧张的，激烈的；adv. intensely_____________ n. intensity强度；强烈 vi. _____________增强，强化
6.hands-on adj. _____________
7.round-the-clock _____________
8.contain _____________ adj. contained泰然自若的，从容的；被控制的 n. _____________集装箱；容器containment包含；牵制；容量
9.part _____________ adj. _____________局部的；偏爱的；不公平的 adv. partly_____________ adj. parted分开的
10.frighten _____________ adj. frightening令人恐惧的；引起突然惊恐的_____________害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的adv. frighteningly令人恐惧地 n. fright惊吓；惊骇
11._____________ v. 使恼怒，使烦恼 adj. annoying讨厌的；恼人的 adv. _____________恼人地；烦人地 n. annoyance烦恼；可厌之事；打扰
12._____________ 颠倒的；天翻地覆
13._____________ 盼望，期待
14._____________ 由于；应归于
15.making up _____________
16._____________ 回顾；回忆
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, as urban population explodes _____________ (globalize), cities become more crowded.
She found it _____________ (extreme) difficult to get a job.
We found his suggestion _____________ (absolute) reasonable.
Recent years have witnessed a growing social _____________ (mobile).
Steve was _____________ (intensity) curious about the world I came from.
He managed to reach a _____________ (part) agreement with both republics.
At one point in my career project was a _____________ (frighten) common occurrence.
The faces of the audience began to betray _____________ (annoy).
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
1.Several students failed to reach the required standard. _____________
2.True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty. _____________
3.The situation required that he be present. _____________
4.If you require further information, you should consult the registrar. _____________
5.Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders. _____________
6.The wearing of seat belts is required by law. _____________
7.The first two floors of the building contain retail space and a restaurant. _____________
8.This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor. _____________
9.The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans. _____________
10.More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1. I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving, but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow.
分析： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief.
分析： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. I am hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
分析： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译： ：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage does race walking have over running
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
词汇与句型积累：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023高考近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发卷十六参考答案
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
2.A 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
4.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.globally adv. 全球地；世界上adj. global全球的；总体的；球形的 n. globe地球；地球仪；球体vt. globalize使全球化 n. globalization全球化
2.extremely adv. 极度，非常 adj. extreme极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的 n. extreme极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物
3.absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；确实地，极其地 adj. absolute绝对的；完全的；专制的 n. absolute绝对；绝对事物
4.mobile adj. 行动方便的，行动自如的 n. mobility移动性；机动性
5.intense adj. 很大的，十分紧张的，激烈的；adv. intensely强烈地；紧张地；热情地 n. intensity强度；强烈 vi. intensify增强，强化
6.hands-on adj. 事事过问的，事必躬亲的
7.round-the-clock adj. 全天候的；不分昼夜的
8.contain vt. 收容 adj. contained泰然自若的，从容的；被控制的 n. container集装箱；容器containment包含；牵制；容量
9.part v. （使）分开，（使）分离；分别；分手 adj. partial局部的；偏爱的；不公平的 adv. partly部分地；在一定程度上 adj. parted分开的
10.frighten v. 使惊吓，使惊恐 adj. frightening令人恐惧的；引起突然惊恐的frightened害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的adv. frighteningly令人恐惧地 n. fright惊吓；惊骇
11.annoy v. 使恼怒，使烦恼 adj. annoying讨厌的；恼人的 adv. annoyingly恼人地；烦人地 n. annoyance烦恼；可厌之事；打扰
12.upside down 颠倒的；天翻地覆
13.looked forward to 盼望，期待
14.due to 由于；应归于
15.making up 装配；配制
16.look back on 回顾；回忆
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, as urban population explodes globally (globalize), cities become more crowded.
She found it extremely (extreme) difficult to get a job.
We found his suggestion absolutely (absolute) reasonable.
Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility (mobile).
Steve was intensely (intensity) curious about the world I came from.
He managed to reach a partial (part) agreement with both republics.
At one point in my career project was a frighteningly (frighten) common occurrence.
The faces of the audience began to betray annoyance (annoy).
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
1.Several students failed to reach the required standard. 规定的。
2.True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty. 依靠；依赖
3.The situation required that he be present. 要求（名词性从句中使用虚拟语气形式：(should)接动词原形）
4.If you require further information, you should consult the registrar. 需要获得
5.Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders. 需要
6.The wearing of seat belts is required by law. 规定必须
7.The first two floors of the building contain retail space and a restaurant. 有…在里面
8.This sheet contained a list of problems a patient might like to raise with the doctor. 包含(某些信息等)
9.The committee contains 11 Democrats and nine Republicans. 包括 (某数量的成员)
10.More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant. 控制; 阻止
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1. 分析：but连接两个并列举，and连接being和watching两个动名词作为looked forward to的宾语。
翻译：我有两个孩子，小的那个叫凯南，对老虎的到来感到非常高兴，但我们所有人都非常期待成为它们生活的一部分，看着它们长大。
2. 分析：As连接时间状语从句；but连接并列举，when连接时间状语从句；otherwise在此处用作连词，意为否则，要不然
翻译：随着它们的活动能力越来越强，我们让它们在白天自由地在房子里走动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋。
3. 分析：and连接并列举；that连接定语从句，先行词time在从句中做宾语。
翻译：在动物园里，我每天都和它们亲昵地玩耍，我真的非常喜欢和它们在一起的时光。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在语篇下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
词汇与句型积累：
conditioned adj. 有条件的
calculation n. 估算
approximately adv. 大约；近似
pound v. 用力击打；咚咚地走；剧烈跳动
uncommon adj. 不寻常的；罕见的
considerable adj. 相当大/多的
experienced adj. 有经验的；老练的
challenging adj. 艰巨的；有挑战性的
skeptical adj. 怀疑性的
objective adj. 客观的；基于事实的
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
conservative adj. 保守的
in contact with 与…在接触中
physically demanding 需要体力的
consult a coach 咨询教练
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
分析： 两个关系代词which分别连接两个非限制性定语从句；although连接状语从句，是一个省略句。
翻译： 根据大多数的估算，竞走者以每小时6英里的速度，每小时燃烧800卡路里，大约是他们步行的两倍，尽管比跑步少，跑步可能每小时燃烧1000或更多的卡路里。