江苏省常州市2022年中考英语真题

江苏省常州市2022年中考英语真题
一、单项选择
1．（2022·常州）—How ________ this question is! I've spent two hours on it.
—Let me help you!
A．practical B．general C．difficult D．natural
2．（2022·常州）—________ does your school organize an English Reading Festival
—Once a term.
A．How often B．How old C．How long D．How soon
3．（2022·常州）Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ________ new every day.
A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something
4．（2022·常州）To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A．may not B．should not C．need not D．could not
5．（2022·常州）—Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim
—I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn't hear the knock.
A．am washing B．have washed C．was washing D．washed
6．（2022·常州）The summer vacation is coming. Don't swim in the lake, ________ when you are alone.
A．probably B．possibly C．especially D．exactly
7．（2022·常州）Although the match is moving in an unexpected ________, our team will win finally, I believe.
A．instruction B．introduction C．position D．direction
8．（2022·常州）If you want to keep healthy, going to bed early and getting up early is highly ________.
A．recommended B．challenged C．translated D．influenced
9．（2022·常州）—Mum, do you know ________ An engineer.
—That's interesting. I guess you often fix things for others in your school.
A．what do my classmates call me B．what my classmates call me
C．why do my classmates call me D．why my classmates call me
10．（2022·常州）—It's necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.
—________. They won't see us often after we go to college.
A．I hope not B．I think so C．I'm sorry D．I'm not sure
二、完形填空
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The
three men were moving down a fast and rocky river. Thornton was in the boat,
while Hans and Pete had to move along the river bank, holding the boat with a
rope. Buck, the dog, followed them, keeping a(n) 11． eye on Thornton.
They
came to a more 12． part of the river, and the boat started to go
too quickly. Hans pulled on the rope to stop it, but pulled it too hard. The
boat 13． , and Thornton was thrown into the
water.
Buck
jumped in at once and swam three hundred meters until he 14． Thornton. Then Buck returned, with Thornton
holding his tail. Buck swam towards the river bank. But they moved 15． . Thornton knew they would not get to the bank quickly enough, so he
let go of Buck, held on to a rock in the middle of the water, and 16． , "Go, Buck, go!"
Buck
swam as hard as he could to the bank, and Pete and Hans pulled him out.
It
was hard for Thornton to hold on to his rock in that 17． water, and his friends knew
they had only a few minutes to save him. They 18． their rope round Buck, who at once jumped into
the river and tried to swim to Thornton. The first time, the water took him 19． the rock, and Pete and Hans
had to pull him back. The second time, he swam higher up the river. 20． , the water brought him down to Thornton. Thornton held on to Buck,
and Hans and Pete pulled the rope as hard as they could. Man and dog
disappeared under the water, 21． rocks, turning over and over,
sometimes with Buck on top, sometimes Thornton. When Hans and Pete finally
pulled them out, both seemed more dead than alive. But after a while their eyes
opened and 22． returned. They all smiled.
11．A．worried B．satisfied C．surprised D．excited
12．A．important B．famous C．dangerous D．interesting
13．A．turned up B．turned
over C．turned down D．turned off
14．A．lost B．saw C．saved D．reached
15．A．carelessly B．slowly C．wisely D．simply
16．A．shouted B．complained C．replied D．joked
17．A．secret B．clear C．dirty D．wild
18．A．tied B．limited C．relaxed D．mixed
19．A．under B．past C．inside D．through
20．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Instead
21．A．lifting B．controlling C．hitting D．breaking
22．A．fear B．love C．trust D．life
三、阅读单选
（2022·常州）阅读理解
The Beijing 2022 Olympics was the most gender-balanced (性别平衡的) Winter Olympic Games in history, with more than 1,300 female athletes — a record number — competing at the events, making up more than 45 percent of all athletes. Here are some female athletes whose achievements in Beijing amazed the world.
Team China's teenage hero Gu Ailing, 18, is the youngest athlete to win three medals at a Winter Olympics. The freeski player won two gold medals and a silver in three events.
Russia's skating silver medalist Alexandra Trusova, 17, amazed the world with five quadruple jumps (四周跳) during free skate at the Beijing Winter Olympics. No other woman has ever finished five quadruple jumps in an Olympic competition.
British women's curling (冰壶) team won the country's only gold medal by having a 10-3 win against Japan on the last day of the Beijing Winter Olympics. This was also the country's first curling gold after 2002.
Almida de Val, a 24-year-old Swedish IT engineer, together with her teammate, took the third place in curling mixed doubles. She took a leave from her company to take part in the Olympics.
23．How many athletes took part in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Games
A．Around 1,300. B．Around 1,580.
C．Around 2,880. D．Around 4,460.
24．Who took a silver medal in the competition
A．Gu Ailing. B．British women's curling team.
C．Almida de Val. D．Almida de Val's teammate.
25．What do we know about Alexandra Trusova
A．She is the youngest athlete in the 2022 Olympic Games.
B．She took the first place in the Beijing Winter Olympics.
C．She worked as an IT engineer before becoming a skating player.
D．She is the first female to complete five quadruple jumps in an Olympic competition.
（2022·常州）阅读理解
This is a typical(典型的) day for Yang Jinlong.
At 9 a. m. , he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm(节奏) of bamboo clappers(响板), which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6. p.m. , and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.
On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to 1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The art form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.
Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing. He studied quyi there. Quyi is general term for Chinese folk art forms, including storytelling, crosstalk and clapper talk.
"Art education is important for students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments like the piano and violin, there are many people learning traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban, which I'll work for my whole life," he said.
Kuaiban is popular in northern China, including Beijing and Tianjin. According to Yang, Shaanxi kuaiban was influenced by the art of different areas. The art form can be played by a group of players or only one. With one or two pairs of kuaiban of different sizes in hand, the players speak in the local dialect(方言) while telling stories, which are usually about heroes. The player tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it's easy for the watchers to remember the stories since all the lines rhym.
Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.
26．Why is today a typical day for Yang Jinlong
A．He is teaching students about kuaiban as usual.
B．His work starts at 9 and lasts 6 hours like every day.
C．He is preparing for a kuaiban competition today.
D．His life today is as busy and boring as every day.
27．Which of the following about Shaanxi kuaiban is TRUE
A．It is named after the Shaanxi dialect.
B．It is listed in the national intangible cultural heritage.
C．It is more popular than the piano and violin in northern China.
D．It is played to tell stories usually about common people.
28．Which of the following best describes Yang Jinlong
A．Devoted. B．Stressed. C．Generous. D．Curious.
29．Why does the writer report Yang Jinlong's story
A．To show how to play Shaanxi kuaiban in the local dialect.
B．To tell the difference between Chinese and Western arts.
C．To prove that kuaiban players are living a busy life.
D．To praise the work of spreading traditional Chinese art.
（2022·常州）阅读理解
Researchers
are using an underwater drone (无人机) to get
information on carbon dioxide (CO )
levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device (装置) has been used purposely to test CO
levels.
The
device, which the team also calls a glider, is designed to go down to 1,000
meters in deep ocean areas and can operate for weeks at a time.
The
purpose of the research is to provide scientists with data (数据) about how climate change is influencing the ocean's chemistry. The
self-swimming drone was placed in the Gulf of Alaska this spring. Reporters
from The Associated Press recently
joined researchers on a boat in Alaska's Resurrection Bay to see the drone in
action.
The
team says the project could be a major step forward in measuring(测量) the environmental health of oceans. The scientists are most
interested in levels of ocean acidification(酸性). This
happens when CO
emissions(排放) in the air make their way
into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.
Scientists
have connected CO
emissions with global(全球) warming caused by
human activities.
In
a way, oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in(吸收) some of the CO .
If there were no oceans' uptake, there would be much more CO
in the air. This would trap more of the sun's heat and further warm the Earth.
"But
the problem now is that the ocean is changing its chemistry because of this
uptake," said team member Claudine Hauri.
One
of the best ways to measure ocean acidification is to collect CO
measurements. Until now, these collections were mostly done from ships or with
devices floating at the ocean surface or on the ocean floor.
30．What is probably this passage
A．An advertisement. B．Part of a news report.
C．Part of a science fiction. D．A text from a chemistry textbook.
31．What do we know about a glider
A．It must be used together with floating devices.
B．It is used to measure ocean acidification.
C．It is used to stop CO from entering the ocean.
D．It is used to measure CO levels in the air.
32．What does the underlined word "uptake" in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A．The act of covering an area.
B．The act of slowing something down.
C．The act of taking something in.
D．The act of killing or harming something.
33．What is troubling the scientists
A．The underwater drone can't swim by itself.
B．The drone can only last one week at a time.
C．Oceans are stopping taking in CO from the air.
D．Too much CO is making its way into oceans.
（2022·常州）阅读理解
Being
sad or in a low mood is a normal (正常的) part of
life. Many people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face
challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, it's common to feel down. But in most
cases the bad feelings slowly disappear.
As
for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood
lasts for weeks, months, or ever longer because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization (WHO) noted, depression
is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in
normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long
time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily
life. People with depression usually don't like to talk about their problems
with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing
oneself.
"Depression
is not just a bout(一阵) of sadness or a sign
of weakness, and you can't just simply stop feeling depressed." said the
health news website www..
But
depression is not a person's problem. It's also more common than most people
think. It is hurting about 280 million people around the world, according to
WHO.
Though
depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be
treated by getting professional(专业的) help,
taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel
the danger of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself.
Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing some pictures might help you
feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low
mood, having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about
how we feel does not make us weak, it makes us human.
34．Who is most probably experiencing depression
A．Lily, who is going to have an important exam and hasn't slept well for 3 days.
B．May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.
C．Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.
D．Tom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.
35．What does the writer think of depression
A．Normal and nothing serious. B．Uncommon although harmful.
C．Unavoidable and untreatable. D．Treatable although worrying.
36．What's the passage mainly about
A．Knowledge of depression. B．Ways of treating depression.
C．Reasons for depression. D．Results of depression.
四、阅读还原
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Life is full of choices and decisions. Here are some steps to help you make wise decisions.
First, it's better to make a decision quickly than avoid it for a month because you're afraid of choosing. 　37． 　 Also, some choices usually have time limits. So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice. Narrow down the list and try comparing only the best two or three.
Next, think about the value and cost of each choice. 　38． 　 Or better yet, create a scorecard, on which you give out bigger point values to what you think is more important. This way you can tell if one huge advantage is more important than a group of little disadvantages.
Then, stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay(延迟) for weeks, but if you're about to make a hasty(仓促的) decision, you may end up picking something you regret. 　39． 　 And it might take you a few days for major choices, like choosing your ideal high school.
　40． 　 Why Because it's good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you. Consider their opinions(观点) even if they are not what you want to hear. You need to take different opinions into consideration so that you will make a wise decision.
A. You'll need at least one night to "sleep on it".
B. And you don't have to make a decision alone.
C. They are the best chances to show your personality.
D. These ways of letting out what you are feeling are helpful.
E. It's very tiring to think things over but fail to decide in time.
F. To do that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages.
五、短文综合填空
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Museums play a big role in our society. They are also 　41． 　 important classroom for primary and secondary school students. During holidays, groups of young museum guides 　42． 　 (see) everywhere in Changzhou Museum. Since 2011, Changzhou Museum 　43． 　 (carry) out more than 100 public training activities for volunteer guides.
In July, 2021, I was chosen 　44． 　 (be) a volunteer guide in Changzhou Museum. 　45． 　 it was my first time to serve there, I didn't know what to do. Luckily, the teachers there gave many interesting training classes, including "Public Places and Manners", "Red History and Red Culture" and so on. I was deeply touched by the stories of 　46． 　 (pioneer) like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei. I was impressed that they had risked 　47． 　 (lose) their lives to create a new China.
In the following month,I guided hundreds of tourists and did my job 　48． 　 (success). This experience had a great influence 　49． 　 me. I know more about my hometown and the meaning of life. I feel 　50． 　 (pride) of being a volunteer guide to help more people learn about Changzhou.
六、完成句子
51．（2022·常州）这些科学家们正在为我们打开一个全新的世界。
The scientists 　 　 to us.
52．（2022·常州）汤姆，你将在什么时候展示如何进行垃圾分类？
　 　 into different groups, Tom
53．（2022·常州）女足运动员们对自己要求非常严格，所以她们取得了很大的进步。
Women football players were 　 　.
54．（2022·常州）如果你放弃，你就会落后。
You 　 　.
55．（2022·常州）西蒙，在公众场所要降低你的嗓音。
Simon, 　 　 in public places.
56．（2022·常州）我们的城市和他们的一样因优美的环境而闻名。
Our city 　 　.
七、材料作文
57．（2022·常州）某中学生英文报Your Voice栏目中有如下征文通知，请你写篇英语文章投稿，谈谈你的想法。
It's not very easy for teenagers to make true friends. Some of them make friends by following suit (随大流). That means they do the same as their friends, such as playing online games or saying bad words behind others, although they're not willing to. Share your ideas about the topic. 1. Is it wise to follow suit in order to make friends 2. How can teenagers make true friends Don't forget to support your ideas with your experience as an example.
注意：
1）文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2）词数100左右；文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。I want to share my ideas about the topic.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【知识点】形容词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——这个问题真难！我在它上花了两个小时。——让我来帮助你！practical实际的；general一般的；difficult困难的；natural自然的。根据I've spent two hours on it我这个问题上花费了2个小时，可知说明它很难，故选C。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，首先理解形容词词义，然后根据关键词句I've spent two hours on it.确定形容词。
2．【答案】A
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——你们学校多久组织一次英语阅读节？——一学期一次。How often多久一次，提问频率；How old多大，提问年龄；How long多长时间，提问for+时间段；How soon多久，提问in+时间段。根据答语Once a term.一学期一次，可知此处对频率进行提问，故选A。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，首先理解疑问词区别，然后根据答语确定疑问词。
3．【答案】D
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学习是一生的旅程，因为它每天都给我们带来新的东西。everything每件事，指所有事物；nothing没有什么，表完全否定；anything任何东西，用于否定句和疑问句代替something；something某物，表不确定，用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句。本句是肯定句，结合Learning is a life-long journey学习是一生的旅程，可知是something new一些新东西，符合语境，故选D。
【点评】考查代词辨析，首先识记代词区别，然后根据关键词句Learning is a life-long journey确定代词。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】情态动词
【解析】【分析】句意：为了实现我们的梦想，我们不应该停留在我们所做的事情上。may not也许不；should not不应该；need not不需要；could not不能。rest on依靠、依赖，根据To achieve our dream为了实现我们的梦想，可知此处表示建议，不应该依靠我们已经做了的，故选B。
【点评】考查情态动词，首先理解情态动词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定情态动词。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你为什么不给我开门，吉姆？——我在浴室洗衣服。我没有听到敲门声。A.正在洗，现在进行时；B.已经洗，现在完成时；C.正在洗，过去进行时；D.洗刷，一般过去时。根据Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim 你为什么不给我开门，吉姆，可知强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were+动词ing，主语是I，所以用was，wash的ing是washing，故选C。
【点评】考查过去进行时，首先理解选项时态，然后根据关键词句Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim 确定答语。
6．【答案】C
【知识点】副词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：暑假快来了。不要在湖里游泳，尤其是一个人的时候。probably可能；possibly可能；especially尤其；exactly确切地。根据Don't swim in the lake不要在湖里游泳，when you are alone.当你一个人的时候，可知尤其是独自去。故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析，首先理解副词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定副词。
7．【答案】D
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：虽然比赛走向了一个意想不到的方向，但我相信我们队最终会赢。instruction指导；introduction介绍；position位置；direction方向。根据Although the match is moving虽然比赛走向了, our team will win finally, I believe.我相信我们队最终会赢，可知此处指的是比赛的走向，direction“方向”符合题意，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，首先理解名词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定名词。
8．【答案】A
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你想保持健康，强烈建议早睡早起。recommended推荐，建议；challenged挑战；translated翻译；influenced影响。根据If you want to keep healthy如果你想保持健康，going to bed early and getting up early早睡早起，可知早睡早起是保持健康的建议，故选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，首先理解动词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定动词。
9．【答案】B
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导；宾语从句的陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。——这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，结构是特殊疑问词+主语+谓语，A、C是疑问语序，排除AC；what提问职业，why为什么，提问原因。根据答语An engineer.工程师，可知指的是职业，所以用what。故选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句，首先识记宾语从句陈述语序，然后根据答语确定关联词。
10．【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起。——我也这么想。我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了。I hope not我希望不是；I think so我也这么想；I'm sorry我很抱歉；I'm not sure我不确定。根据It's necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起，They won't see us often after we go to college.我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了，可知后者赞同前者的看法，故选B。
【点评】考查情景交际，首先理解选项意思，然后根据前后句句意确定答语。
【答案】11．A；12．C；13．B；14．D；15．B；16．A；17．D；18．A；19．B；20．B；21．C；22．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了《野性的呼唤》，讲述巴克救了桑顿一命的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
11．句意：巴克，那条狗，跟在他们后面，焦虑地盯着桑顿。worried担心的；satisfied满意的；surprised惊讶的；excited激动的。根据The three men were moving down a fast and rocky river.三个人正沿着一条湍急多石的河流往下流，可知巴克很担心，故选A。
12．句意：他们来到了河中一个更危险的地方，船开得太快了。important重要的；famous著名的；dangerous危险的；interesting有趣的。根据and the boat started to go too quickly船开得太快了，并结合前文可知，位置更加危险，故选C。
13．句意：船翻了，桑顿被扔进了水里。turned up出现；turned over翻转；turned down拒绝；turned off关闭。根据and Thornton was thrown into the water.桑顿掉进了水中，可知船翻了，故选B。
14．句意：巴克立刻跳入水中，游了三百米才游到桑顿身边。lost丢失；saw看见；saved救，节约；reached到达。根据Buck jumped in at once and swam three hundred meters巴克立刻跳入水中，游了三百米，可知才到达桑顿身边，故选D。
15．句意：但他们行动缓慢。carelessly粗心地；slowly缓慢地；wisely明智地；simply简单地。根据Thornton knew they would not get to the bank quickly enough桑顿知道他们不会很快到达岸边，可知是缓慢，故选B。
16．句意：桑顿知道他们不会很快到达岸边，所以他放开巴克，抓住水中央的一块石头，大喊：“走，巴克，走！”shouted大叫；complained抱怨；replied回复；joked开玩笑。根据Go, Buck, go!可知是大叫，故选A。
17．句意：桑顿很难在汹涌的水中抓住他的岩石，他的朋友们知道他们只有几分钟的时间来救他。secret秘密的；clear清晰的；dirty脏的；wild汹涌的。根据It was hard for Thornton to hold on to his rock桑顿很难抓住石头，可知河流很湍急，故选D。
18．句意：他们把绳子系在巴克身上，他立刻跳进河里，试图游向桑顿。tied系；limited限制；relaxed放松；mixed混合。根据rope绳子，结合选项可知把绳子系到巴克身上，故选A。
19．句意：第一次，水把他冲过了岩石，皮特和汉斯不得不把他拉回来。under在……下；past经过；inside在……里面；through通过。根据Peter and Hans had to pull him back.彼得和汉斯不得不把他拉回，可知水把他冲过了岩石，故选B。
20．句意：此外，河水把他带到桑顿那里。Otherwise否则；Moreover此外；However然而；Instead而不是。根据The second time, he swam higher up the river.第二次，他游得更高，the water brought him down to Thornton.水把他带到桑顿，可知，此处描述巴克游得比水高，河水把他带到桑顿那里，前后动作连贯，故选B。
21．句意：人和狗消失在水中，撞在岩石上，翻来覆去，有时巴克在上面，有时桑顿在上面。lifting举起；controlling控制；hitting撞；breaking打破。根据Man and dog disappeared under the water人和狗消失在水中，可知水流湍急，所以撞来撞去，故选C。
22．句意：但过了一会儿，他们睁开了眼睛，身上恢复了生命力。fear害怕；love爱；trust信任；life生活。根据But after a while their eyes opened但过了一会儿，他们睁开了眼睛，可知拉出来时，两人都显得死气沉沉，但是一会身上恢复了生命力，故选D。
【答案】23．C
24．A
25．D
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】主要讲了几位北京冬奥会上的女性运动员。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题意，然后从文中抓住关键词句最终确定答案。
23．推断题。根据The Beijing 2022 Olympics was the most gender-balanced(性别平衡的) Winter Olympic Games in history, with more than 1,300 female athletes—a record number—competing at the events, making up more than 45 percent of all athletes.可知北京2022年冬奥会共有1300多名女性运动员参赛，这一数字创下纪录，占所有运动员的45%以上。1300除以45%，所以大约有2800名运动员参赛，故选C。
24．细节题。根据The freeski player won two gold medals and a silver in three events.可知，谷爱凌在三个项目中获得两枚金牌和一枚银牌。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据Russia's skating silver medalist Alexandra Trusova,17,amazed the world with five quadruple jumps(四周跳) during free skate at the Beijing Winter Olympics.可知17岁的俄罗斯花样滑冰银牌得主亚历山德拉·特鲁索娃在北京冬奥会自由泳比赛中以五次四跳惊艳世界。故选D。
【答案】26．A
27．B
28．A
29．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了杨金龙和他教学生们陕西快板的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题目，然后从文中抓住关键词句，最终确定答案。
26．细节题。根据At 9 a. m. , he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban上午9点，他开车去了陕西省西安市的小学和中学，向学生介绍陕西快坂，可知因为他和往常一样去教学生快板，故选A。
27．细节题。根据On June 10,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to 1,557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban,which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included6月10日，文化和旅游部在北京公布了325项国家级非物质文化遗产，将名录增至1557项。晚清时期出现的陕西快本已被列入，可知陕西快板被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，故选B。
28．推断题。根据including Shaanxi kuaiban,which I'll work for my whole life包括《陕西快本》，我将为之工作一辈子，Thanks to artists like Yang,this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的故事形式在我们国家得以传承并继续存在，可知杨金龙将为快板奉献一生，他也将中国文化传递下去，由此可推断他是有奉献精神的，故选A。
29．推断题。根据Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的讲故事形式得以传承，并在我们国家继续存在，可知作者想通过杨金龙通过教授学生快板来传递中国文化的故事，来赞扬传播中国传统艺术的作品，故选D。
【答案】30．B
31．B
32．C
33．D
【知识点】科普类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳水平的信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先理解选项意思，然后从文中抓住关键词句，理解句意，最终确定答案。
30．推断题。A.广告；B.新闻报道的一部分；C.科幻小说的一部分；D.化学课本上的课文。本文主要向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳水平的信息，所以推测可能在新闻报道上看到这篇文章，故选B。
31．细节题。根据Researchers are using an underwater drone (无人机) to get information on carbon dioxide (CO ) levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device (装置) has been used purposely to test CO levels.研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳含量的信息。据信这是第一次有目的地使用这种装置来测试一氧化碳 水平，和The device, which the team also calls a glider该团队还称之为滑翔机，可知滑翔机设备专门用于测定海洋二氧化碳水平，故选B。
32．推断题。分析In a way,oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in(吸收) some of the CO . If there were no oceans' uptake, there would be much more CO in the air.在某种程度上，海洋通过吸收一些二氧化碳，为人类提供了帮助 . 如果没有海洋的吸收，就会有更多的CO 在空气中，可知海洋在某种程度上帮助了人类，吸收了一些二氧化碳，如果没有海洋的吸收，空气中的二氧化碳就会更多。所以此处uptake的意思是“吸收”，故选C。
33．细节题。根据This happens when CO emissions(排放) in the air make their way into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.可知空气中的二氧化碳大量排放进入海洋，海洋酸化会伤害或杀死一些海洋生物。故选D。
【答案】34．C
35．D
36．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了抑郁症正在伤害全世界约2.8亿人，以及一些有关抑郁症的治疗措施等。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题目，然后读懂题意，最后从文中抓住关键词句，最终确定答案。
34．细节题。根据As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily life正如世界卫生组织所指出的，抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下。它通常会持续很长时间，严重损害一个人在工作、学校或日常生活中的能力，可知抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下，抑郁症患者通常不喜欢与他人谈论他们的问题，故选C。
35．观点态度题。根据Though depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional(专业的) help,taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.可知虽然抑郁症令人担忧，但我们不必害怕它。抑郁症可以通过专业的帮助来治疗，服用药物或两者混合治疗，即虽然令人担忧但可以治疗，故选D。
36．主旨题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了什么是抑郁症、抑郁症的表现及抑郁症的治疗方法等，A最合适，B、C、D比较片面。故选A。
【答案】37．A；38．F；39．E；40．B
【知识点】任务型阅读；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了向我们介绍帮助你做出明智的决定的一些步骤。
A.You'll need at least one night to "sleep on it".你至少需要一个晚上来“睡觉”。
B.And you don't have to make a decision alone.你不必独自做出决定。
C.They are the best chances to show your personality.它们是展示你个性的最佳机会。
D.These ways of letting out what you are feeling are helpful.这些表达你感受的方式很有用。
E.It's very tiring to think things over but fail to decide in time.仔细考虑事情但不能及时做出决定是很累的。
F.To do that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages.要做到这一点，你可以列出优点和缺点。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，首先理解选项意思，然后根据前后句句意和关键词句确定答案。
37．根据后句So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice.因此，为了避免大脑过于疲劳，我们不必考虑每一个选择的代价，可知本段建议不让我们的大脑变得太累，所以后句讲的是与睡觉休息有关，选项A“你至少需要一个晚上来“睡一觉”。”符合语境，故选A。
38．根据后句This way you can tell if one huge advantage is more important than a group of little disadvantages.通过这种方式，你可以判断一个巨大的优势是否比一组小缺点更重要，可知前句讲的是与优点和缺点有关，故选F。
39．根据前句Then,stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay(延迟) for weeks, but if you're about to make a hasty(仓促的) decision, you may end up picking something you regret.然后，保持冷静，给自己一些空间。你不想拖延几个星期，但如果你要匆忙做出决定，你可能会选择一些你后悔的事情，可知后句与决定有关，选项E“事情想了很久又不能及时做出决定，真是累人。”符合语境，故选E。
40．根据Because it's good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you.可知因为从没有你担心的人那里得到一种新的思维方式是件好事，可知后句建议可以听听他人的意见，选项B“你不必独自做决定。”符合语境，故选B。
【答案】41．an；42．are seen；43．has carried；44．to be；45．Because/ As；46．pioneers；47．losing；48．successfully；49．on；50．proud
【知识点】语法填空；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者作为常州博物馆导游的经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，首先读懂文章大意，然后理解单词词义及词性，最后结合语法回答。
41．句意：它们也是中小学生的重要教室。classroom教室，可数名词单数，此处泛指一个教室，important首字母发元音音素，所以用an表示数量一，故填an。
42．句意：假日期间，常州博物馆里随处可见一群群年轻的导游。see看见，实义动词，本句主语guides是动作see的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be+动词过去分词，主语guides是复数，所以be动词用are，see的过去分词是seen，故填are seen。
43．句意：自2011年以来，常州博物馆开展了100余次志愿者导游公共培训活动。carry携带，实义动词，Since 2011表明时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has+动词过去分词，主语Changzhou Museum是第三人称单数，所以用has，carry的过去分词是carried，故填has carried。
44．句意：2021年7月，我被选为常州博物馆的志愿者导游。be成为，实义动词，be chosen to do sth.被选做某事，固定搭配，所以用to be，故填to be。
45．句意：因为这是我第一次在那里服务，我不知道该怎么办。it was my first time to serve there这是我第一次在那里服务，I didn't know what to do我不知道该怎么办，可知前后句表示因果关系，前句表示原因，用because/as引导原因状语从句，句首需大写首字母，故填Because/As。
46．句意：我被瞿秋白、张太雷等先驱者的故事深深打动了。pioneer先驱者，可数名词，根据like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei可知此处应使用名词复数形式，故填pioneers。
47．句意：我对他们冒着失去生命的危险创建新中国印象深刻。lose失去，实义动词，risk doing sth.冒险做某事，固定搭配，所以用losing，故填losing。
48．句意：在接下来的一个月里，我带领了数百名游客，并顺利完成了我的工作。success成功，不可数名词，did做，实义动词，副词修饰实义动词，所以用副词形式successfully，成功地，故填successfully。
49．句意：这段经历对我影响很大。have a/an+adj.+influence on对……有……的影响，固定搭配，故填on。
50．句意：我很自豪能成为一名志愿者导游，帮助更多的人了解常州。pride骄傲，不可数名词。feel感到，系动词，后面用形容词，pride的形容词是proud，骄傲的，feel proud of感到骄傲，故填proud。
51．【答案】are opening up a whole new world
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"打开"用open up，固定搭配；"一个全新的世界"用a whole new world，固定搭配，根据句意可知，时态是现在进行时，结构是be+动词ing，主语scientists是复数，所以be动词用are，open的ing是opening，故填are opening up a whole new world。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配open up、a whole new world，理解现在进行时的结构。
52．【答案】When are you going to show us how to separate waste
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"什么时候"用when什么时候，特殊疑问词；"你"用you，主格，做主语；"将要做某事"用be going to do sth.，固定搭配，所以be动词用are；"展示"用show实义动词，所以用are going to show；"向某人展示如何做某事"用show sb. how to do sth.，固定搭配，sb.用宾格us；"垃圾分类"用separate waste，固定搭配，注意句首首字母大写，故填When are you going to show us how to separate waste。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配show sb. how to do sth.、separate waste和be going to do结构。
53．【答案】very strict with themselves, so they have made great progress
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"对某人自己非常严格"用be very strict with oneself固定搭配，主语是复数women，所以oneself用themselves她们自己；"所以"用so，连词；"她们"用they，主格，做主语；"取得很大的进步"用make great progress，固定搭配，后半句时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has+动词过去分词，主语是复数they，所以用have，make的过去分词是made。故填very strict with themselves, so they have made great progress。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配be strict with和make great progress，注意现在完成时的结构。
54．【答案】will fall behind, if you give up
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"你"用you，主格，做主语；"落后"用fall behind，固定搭配；"放弃"用give up，固定搭配；"如果"用if，表示条件，连词，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用will+动词原形，if所在句子是从句，主语是you，所以give用原形；主句用will fall behind，故填will fall behind, if you give up。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配fall behind和give up，理解if引导的条件状语从句。
55．【答案】keep your voice down
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"降低某人的噪音"用keep one's voice down，固定搭配，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头，所以keep用原形，one's用your，你的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词voice，故填keep your voice down。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配keep one's voice down，理解祈使句的用法。
56．【答案】is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知缺少汉语提示“因为......出名”用be famous for，固定搭配，时态是一般现在时，主语是单数city，所以be动词用is；“和......一样......”用as+形容词或者副词原级+as，固定搭配，as famous for...as“和……一样因……而闻名”；“环境”用environment，不可数名词；“优美的”用beautiful，形容词，修饰名词environment，beautiful environment“优美的环境”；“他们的用theirs，名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词，代替their city。故填 is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配be famous for和as+形容词或者副词原级+as。
57．【答案】 I want to share my ideas about the topic.
In my opinion, making friends by following suit is not wise. Because everyone is an individual, with his own interests and personality. So don't follow the crowd and just do what other people like to do.
We should make friends with those who can give us help and share our happiness and sadness. To make true friends, you must be friendly to others. Smile at others and you will get a smile in return. You can make friends with those who share the same interest with you or those who are totally different from you. Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed.
【知识点】材料作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇材料作文。要求以“交友”为话题，结合提示内容进行写作。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。写作时要以第一、第二人称来行文，时态用一般现在时。作文可分为三段，第一段引出话题；第二段介绍自己认为为了交朋友而跟风是否是明智的；第三段介绍青少年怎样才能交到真正的朋友。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
【点评】作文内容全面，运用好词好句，如：want to do；in one's opinion；make friends；one's own；like to do；be friendly to；smile at；in return；share sth. with sb.；be different from；be in trouble；in need；try to do等。动名词做主语In my opinion, making friends by following suit is not wise.；状语从句Because everyone is an individual, with his own interests and personality. So don't follow the crowd and just do what other people like to do.；定语从句We should make friends with those who can give us help and share our happiness and sadness.You can make friends with those who share the same interest with you or those who are totally different from you.；祈使句Smile at others and you will get a smile in return.Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed.。连词because、so、and的运用使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
1 / 1江苏省常州市2022年中考英语真题
一、单项选择
1．（2022·常州）—How ________ this question is! I've spent two hours on it.
—Let me help you!
A．practical B．general C．difficult D．natural
【答案】C
【知识点】形容词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——这个问题真难！我在它上花了两个小时。——让我来帮助你！practical实际的；general一般的；difficult困难的；natural自然的。根据I've spent two hours on it我这个问题上花费了2个小时，可知说明它很难，故选C。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，首先理解形容词词义，然后根据关键词句I've spent two hours on it.确定形容词。
2．（2022·常州）—________ does your school organize an English Reading Festival
—Once a term.
A．How often B．How old C．How long D．How soon
【答案】A
【知识点】疑问词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——你们学校多久组织一次英语阅读节？——一学期一次。How often多久一次，提问频率；How old多大，提问年龄；How long多长时间，提问for+时间段；How soon多久，提问in+时间段。根据答语Once a term.一学期一次，可知此处对频率进行提问，故选A。
【点评】考查疑问词辨析，首先理解疑问词区别，然后根据答语确定疑问词。
3．（2022·常州）Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ________ new every day.
A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something
【答案】D
【知识点】代词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学习是一生的旅程，因为它每天都给我们带来新的东西。everything每件事，指所有事物；nothing没有什么，表完全否定；anything任何东西，用于否定句和疑问句代替something；something某物，表不确定，用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句。本句是肯定句，结合Learning is a life-long journey学习是一生的旅程，可知是something new一些新东西，符合语境，故选D。
【点评】考查代词辨析，首先识记代词区别，然后根据关键词句Learning is a life-long journey确定代词。
4．（2022·常州）To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A．may not B．should not C．need not D．could not
【答案】B
【知识点】情态动词
【解析】【分析】句意：为了实现我们的梦想，我们不应该停留在我们所做的事情上。may not也许不；should not不应该；need not不需要；could not不能。rest on依靠、依赖，根据To achieve our dream为了实现我们的梦想，可知此处表示建议，不应该依靠我们已经做了的，故选B。
【点评】考查情态动词，首先理解情态动词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定情态动词。
5．（2022·常州）—Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim
—I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn't hear the knock.
A．am washing B．have washed C．was washing D．washed
【答案】C
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你为什么不给我开门，吉姆？——我在浴室洗衣服。我没有听到敲门声。A.正在洗，现在进行时；B.已经洗，现在完成时；C.正在洗，过去进行时；D.洗刷，一般过去时。根据Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim 你为什么不给我开门，吉姆，可知强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were+动词ing，主语是I，所以用was，wash的ing是washing，故选C。
【点评】考查过去进行时，首先理解选项时态，然后根据关键词句Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim 确定答语。
6．（2022·常州）The summer vacation is coming. Don't swim in the lake, ________ when you are alone.
A．probably B．possibly C．especially D．exactly
【答案】C
【知识点】副词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：暑假快来了。不要在湖里游泳，尤其是一个人的时候。probably可能；possibly可能；especially尤其；exactly确切地。根据Don't swim in the lake不要在湖里游泳，when you are alone.当你一个人的时候，可知尤其是独自去。故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析，首先理解副词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定副词。
7．（2022·常州）Although the match is moving in an unexpected ________, our team will win finally, I believe.
A．instruction B．introduction C．position D．direction
【答案】D
【知识点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：虽然比赛走向了一个意想不到的方向，但我相信我们队最终会赢。instruction指导；introduction介绍；position位置；direction方向。根据Although the match is moving虽然比赛走向了, our team will win finally, I believe.我相信我们队最终会赢，可知此处指的是比赛的走向，direction“方向”符合题意，故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，首先理解名词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定名词。
8．（2022·常州）If you want to keep healthy, going to bed early and getting up early is highly ________.
A．recommended B．challenged C．translated D．influenced
【答案】A
【知识点】动词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你想保持健康，强烈建议早睡早起。recommended推荐，建议；challenged挑战；translated翻译；influenced影响。根据If you want to keep healthy如果你想保持健康，going to bed early and getting up early早睡早起，可知早睡早起是保持健康的建议，故选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，首先理解动词词义，然后根据前后句句意确定动词。
9．（2022·常州）—Mum, do you know ________ An engineer.
—That's interesting. I guess you often fix things for others in your school.
A．what do my classmates call me B．what my classmates call me
C．why do my classmates call me D．why my classmates call me
【答案】B
【知识点】连接代词或连接副词引导；宾语从句的陈述语序
【解析】【分析】句意：——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。——这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，结构是特殊疑问词+主语+谓语，A、C是疑问语序，排除AC；what提问职业，why为什么，提问原因。根据答语An engineer.工程师，可知指的是职业，所以用what。故选B。
【点评】考查宾语从句，首先识记宾语从句陈述语序，然后根据答语确定关联词。
10．（2022·常州）—It's necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.
—________. They won't see us often after we go to college.
A．I hope not B．I think so C．I'm sorry D．I'm not sure
【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际
【解析】【分析】句意：——我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起。——我也这么想。我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了。I hope not我希望不是；I think so我也这么想；I'm sorry我很抱歉；I'm not sure我不确定。根据It's necessary for us to spend more time with our grandparents.我们有必要花更多的时间和祖父母在一起，They won't see us often after we go to college.我们上大学后，他们就不会经常见到我们了，可知后者赞同前者的看法，故选B。
【点评】考查情景交际，首先理解选项意思，然后根据前后句句意确定答语。
二、完形填空
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The
three men were moving down a fast and rocky river. Thornton was in the boat,
while Hans and Pete had to move along the river bank, holding the boat with a
rope. Buck, the dog, followed them, keeping a(n) 11． eye on Thornton.
They
came to a more 12． part of the river, and the boat started to go
too quickly. Hans pulled on the rope to stop it, but pulled it too hard. The
boat 13． , and Thornton was thrown into the
water.
Buck
jumped in at once and swam three hundred meters until he 14． Thornton. Then Buck returned, with Thornton
holding his tail. Buck swam towards the river bank. But they moved 15． . Thornton knew they would not get to the bank quickly enough, so he
let go of Buck, held on to a rock in the middle of the water, and 16． , "Go, Buck, go!"
Buck
swam as hard as he could to the bank, and Pete and Hans pulled him out.
It
was hard for Thornton to hold on to his rock in that 17． water, and his friends knew
they had only a few minutes to save him. They 18． their rope round Buck, who at once jumped into
the river and tried to swim to Thornton. The first time, the water took him 19． the rock, and Pete and Hans
had to pull him back. The second time, he swam higher up the river. 20． , the water brought him down to Thornton. Thornton held on to Buck,
and Hans and Pete pulled the rope as hard as they could. Man and dog
disappeared under the water, 21． rocks, turning over and over,
sometimes with Buck on top, sometimes Thornton. When Hans and Pete finally
pulled them out, both seemed more dead than alive. But after a while their eyes
opened and 22． returned. They all smiled.
11．A．worried B．satisfied C．surprised D．excited
12．A．important B．famous C．dangerous D．interesting
13．A．turned up B．turned
over C．turned down D．turned off
14．A．lost B．saw C．saved D．reached
15．A．carelessly B．slowly C．wisely D．simply
16．A．shouted B．complained C．replied D．joked
17．A．secret B．clear C．dirty D．wild
18．A．tied B．limited C．relaxed D．mixed
19．A．under B．past C．inside D．through
20．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Instead
21．A．lifting B．controlling C．hitting D．breaking
22．A．fear B．love C．trust D．life
【答案】11．A；12．C；13．B；14．D；15．B；16．A；17．D；18．A；19．B；20．B；21．C；22．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了《野性的呼唤》，讲述巴克救了桑顿一命的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
11．句意：巴克，那条狗，跟在他们后面，焦虑地盯着桑顿。worried担心的；satisfied满意的；surprised惊讶的；excited激动的。根据The three men were moving down a fast and rocky river.三个人正沿着一条湍急多石的河流往下流，可知巴克很担心，故选A。
12．句意：他们来到了河中一个更危险的地方，船开得太快了。important重要的；famous著名的；dangerous危险的；interesting有趣的。根据and the boat started to go too quickly船开得太快了，并结合前文可知，位置更加危险，故选C。
13．句意：船翻了，桑顿被扔进了水里。turned up出现；turned over翻转；turned down拒绝；turned off关闭。根据and Thornton was thrown into the water.桑顿掉进了水中，可知船翻了，故选B。
14．句意：巴克立刻跳入水中，游了三百米才游到桑顿身边。lost丢失；saw看见；saved救，节约；reached到达。根据Buck jumped in at once and swam three hundred meters巴克立刻跳入水中，游了三百米，可知才到达桑顿身边，故选D。
15．句意：但他们行动缓慢。carelessly粗心地；slowly缓慢地；wisely明智地；simply简单地。根据Thornton knew they would not get to the bank quickly enough桑顿知道他们不会很快到达岸边，可知是缓慢，故选B。
16．句意：桑顿知道他们不会很快到达岸边，所以他放开巴克，抓住水中央的一块石头，大喊：“走，巴克，走！”shouted大叫；complained抱怨；replied回复；joked开玩笑。根据Go, Buck, go!可知是大叫，故选A。
17．句意：桑顿很难在汹涌的水中抓住他的岩石，他的朋友们知道他们只有几分钟的时间来救他。secret秘密的；clear清晰的；dirty脏的；wild汹涌的。根据It was hard for Thornton to hold on to his rock桑顿很难抓住石头，可知河流很湍急，故选D。
18．句意：他们把绳子系在巴克身上，他立刻跳进河里，试图游向桑顿。tied系；limited限制；relaxed放松；mixed混合。根据rope绳子，结合选项可知把绳子系到巴克身上，故选A。
19．句意：第一次，水把他冲过了岩石，皮特和汉斯不得不把他拉回来。under在……下；past经过；inside在……里面；through通过。根据Peter and Hans had to pull him back.彼得和汉斯不得不把他拉回，可知水把他冲过了岩石，故选B。
20．句意：此外，河水把他带到桑顿那里。Otherwise否则；Moreover此外；However然而；Instead而不是。根据The second time, he swam higher up the river.第二次，他游得更高，the water brought him down to Thornton.水把他带到桑顿，可知，此处描述巴克游得比水高，河水把他带到桑顿那里，前后动作连贯，故选B。
21．句意：人和狗消失在水中，撞在岩石上，翻来覆去，有时巴克在上面，有时桑顿在上面。lifting举起；controlling控制；hitting撞；breaking打破。根据Man and dog disappeared under the water人和狗消失在水中，可知水流湍急，所以撞来撞去，故选C。
22．句意：但过了一会儿，他们睁开了眼睛，身上恢复了生命力。fear害怕；love爱；trust信任；life生活。根据But after a while their eyes opened但过了一会儿，他们睁开了眼睛，可知拉出来时，两人都显得死气沉沉，但是一会身上恢复了生命力，故选D。
三、阅读单选
（2022·常州）阅读理解
The Beijing 2022 Olympics was the most gender-balanced (性别平衡的) Winter Olympic Games in history, with more than 1,300 female athletes — a record number — competing at the events, making up more than 45 percent of all athletes. Here are some female athletes whose achievements in Beijing amazed the world.
Team China's teenage hero Gu Ailing, 18, is the youngest athlete to win three medals at a Winter Olympics. The freeski player won two gold medals and a silver in three events.
Russia's skating silver medalist Alexandra Trusova, 17, amazed the world with five quadruple jumps (四周跳) during free skate at the Beijing Winter Olympics. No other woman has ever finished five quadruple jumps in an Olympic competition.
British women's curling (冰壶) team won the country's only gold medal by having a 10-3 win against Japan on the last day of the Beijing Winter Olympics. This was also the country's first curling gold after 2002.
Almida de Val, a 24-year-old Swedish IT engineer, together with her teammate, took the third place in curling mixed doubles. She took a leave from her company to take part in the Olympics.
23．How many athletes took part in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Games
A．Around 1,300. B．Around 1,580.
C．Around 2,880. D．Around 4,460.
24．Who took a silver medal in the competition
A．Gu Ailing. B．British women's curling team.
C．Almida de Val. D．Almida de Val's teammate.
25．What do we know about Alexandra Trusova
A．She is the youngest athlete in the 2022 Olympic Games.
B．She took the first place in the Beijing Winter Olympics.
C．She worked as an IT engineer before becoming a skating player.
D．She is the first female to complete five quadruple jumps in an Olympic competition.
【答案】23．C
24．A
25．D
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文；细节理解
【解析】【分析】主要讲了几位北京冬奥会上的女性运动员。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题意，然后从文中抓住关键词句最终确定答案。
23．推断题。根据The Beijing 2022 Olympics was the most gender-balanced(性别平衡的) Winter Olympic Games in history, with more than 1,300 female athletes—a record number—competing at the events, making up more than 45 percent of all athletes.可知北京2022年冬奥会共有1300多名女性运动员参赛，这一数字创下纪录，占所有运动员的45%以上。1300除以45%，所以大约有2800名运动员参赛，故选C。
24．细节题。根据The freeski player won two gold medals and a silver in three events.可知，谷爱凌在三个项目中获得两枚金牌和一枚银牌。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据Russia's skating silver medalist Alexandra Trusova,17,amazed the world with five quadruple jumps(四周跳) during free skate at the Beijing Winter Olympics.可知17岁的俄罗斯花样滑冰银牌得主亚历山德拉·特鲁索娃在北京冬奥会自由泳比赛中以五次四跳惊艳世界。故选D。
（2022·常州）阅读理解
This is a typical(典型的) day for Yang Jinlong.
At 9 a. m. , he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm(节奏) of bamboo clappers(响板), which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6. p.m. , and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.
On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to 1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The art form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.
Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing. He studied quyi there. Quyi is general term for Chinese folk art forms, including storytelling, crosstalk and clapper talk.
"Art education is important for students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments like the piano and violin, there are many people learning traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban, which I'll work for my whole life," he said.
Kuaiban is popular in northern China, including Beijing and Tianjin. According to Yang, Shaanxi kuaiban was influenced by the art of different areas. The art form can be played by a group of players or only one. With one or two pairs of kuaiban of different sizes in hand, the players speak in the local dialect(方言) while telling stories, which are usually about heroes. The player tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it's easy for the watchers to remember the stories since all the lines rhym.
Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.
26．Why is today a typical day for Yang Jinlong
A．He is teaching students about kuaiban as usual.
B．His work starts at 9 and lasts 6 hours like every day.
C．He is preparing for a kuaiban competition today.
D．His life today is as busy and boring as every day.
27．Which of the following about Shaanxi kuaiban is TRUE
A．It is named after the Shaanxi dialect.
B．It is listed in the national intangible cultural heritage.
C．It is more popular than the piano and violin in northern China.
D．It is played to tell stories usually about common people.
28．Which of the following best describes Yang Jinlong
A．Devoted. B．Stressed. C．Generous. D．Curious.
29．Why does the writer report Yang Jinlong's story
A．To show how to play Shaanxi kuaiban in the local dialect.
B．To tell the difference between Chinese and Western arts.
C．To prove that kuaiban players are living a busy life.
D．To praise the work of spreading traditional Chinese art.
【答案】26．A
27．B
28．A
29．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了杨金龙和他教学生们陕西快板的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题目，然后从文中抓住关键词句，最终确定答案。
26．细节题。根据At 9 a. m. , he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban上午9点，他开车去了陕西省西安市的小学和中学，向学生介绍陕西快坂，可知因为他和往常一样去教学生快板，故选A。
27．细节题。根据On June 10,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to 1,557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban,which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included6月10日，文化和旅游部在北京公布了325项国家级非物质文化遗产，将名录增至1557项。晚清时期出现的陕西快本已被列入，可知陕西快板被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，故选B。
28．推断题。根据including Shaanxi kuaiban,which I'll work for my whole life包括《陕西快本》，我将为之工作一辈子，Thanks to artists like Yang,this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的故事形式在我们国家得以传承并继续存在，可知杨金龙将为快板奉献一生，他也将中国文化传递下去，由此可推断他是有奉献精神的，故选A。
29．推断题。根据Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的讲故事形式得以传承，并在我们国家继续存在，可知作者想通过杨金龙通过教授学生快板来传递中国文化的故事，来赞扬传播中国传统艺术的作品，故选D。
（2022·常州）阅读理解
Researchers
are using an underwater drone (无人机) to get
information on carbon dioxide (CO )
levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device (装置) has been used purposely to test CO
levels.
The
device, which the team also calls a glider, is designed to go down to 1,000
meters in deep ocean areas and can operate for weeks at a time.
The
purpose of the research is to provide scientists with data (数据) about how climate change is influencing the ocean's chemistry. The
self-swimming drone was placed in the Gulf of Alaska this spring. Reporters
from The Associated Press recently
joined researchers on a boat in Alaska's Resurrection Bay to see the drone in
action.
The
team says the project could be a major step forward in measuring(测量) the environmental health of oceans. The scientists are most
interested in levels of ocean acidification(酸性). This
happens when CO
emissions(排放) in the air make their way
into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.
Scientists
have connected CO
emissions with global(全球) warming caused by
human activities.
In
a way, oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in(吸收) some of the CO .
If there were no oceans' uptake, there would be much more CO
in the air. This would trap more of the sun's heat and further warm the Earth.
"But
the problem now is that the ocean is changing its chemistry because of this
uptake," said team member Claudine Hauri.
One
of the best ways to measure ocean acidification is to collect CO
measurements. Until now, these collections were mostly done from ships or with
devices floating at the ocean surface or on the ocean floor.
30．What is probably this passage
A．An advertisement. B．Part of a news report.
C．Part of a science fiction. D．A text from a chemistry textbook.
31．What do we know about a glider
A．It must be used together with floating devices.
B．It is used to measure ocean acidification.
C．It is used to stop CO from entering the ocean.
D．It is used to measure CO levels in the air.
32．What does the underlined word "uptake" in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A．The act of covering an area.
B．The act of slowing something down.
C．The act of taking something in.
D．The act of killing or harming something.
33．What is troubling the scientists
A．The underwater drone can't swim by itself.
B．The drone can only last one week at a time.
C．Oceans are stopping taking in CO from the air.
D．Too much CO is making its way into oceans.
【答案】30．B
31．B
32．C
33．D
【知识点】科普类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳水平的信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先理解选项意思，然后从文中抓住关键词句，理解句意，最终确定答案。
30．推断题。A.广告；B.新闻报道的一部分；C.科幻小说的一部分；D.化学课本上的课文。本文主要向我们介绍研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳水平的信息，所以推测可能在新闻报道上看到这篇文章，故选B。
31．细节题。根据Researchers are using an underwater drone (无人机) to get information on carbon dioxide (CO ) levels in the ocean. It is believed to be the first time that such a device (装置) has been used purposely to test CO levels.研究人员正在使用水下无人机获取海洋中二氧化碳含量的信息。据信这是第一次有目的地使用这种装置来测试一氧化碳 水平，和The device, which the team also calls a glider该团队还称之为滑翔机，可知滑翔机设备专门用于测定海洋二氧化碳水平，故选B。
32．推断题。分析In a way,oceans have given humans a helping hand by taking in(吸收) some of the CO . If there were no oceans' uptake, there would be much more CO in the air.在某种程度上，海洋通过吸收一些二氧化碳，为人类提供了帮助 . 如果没有海洋的吸收，就会有更多的CO 在空气中，可知海洋在某种程度上帮助了人类，吸收了一些二氧化碳，如果没有海洋的吸收，空气中的二氧化碳就会更多。所以此处uptake的意思是“吸收”，故选C。
33．细节题。根据This happens when CO emissions(排放) in the air make their way into the ocean. Ocean acidification can harm or kill some kinds of sea life.可知空气中的二氧化碳大量排放进入海洋，海洋酸化会伤害或杀死一些海洋生物。故选D。
（2022·常州）阅读理解
Being
sad or in a low mood is a normal (正常的) part of
life. Many people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face
challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, it's common to feel down. But in most
cases the bad feelings slowly disappear.
As
for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood
lasts for weeks, months, or ever longer because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization (WHO) noted, depression
is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in
normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long
time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily
life. People with depression usually don't like to talk about their problems
with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing
oneself.
"Depression
is not just a bout(一阵) of sadness or a sign
of weakness, and you can't just simply stop feeling depressed." said the
health news website www..
But
depression is not a person's problem. It's also more common than most people
think. It is hurting about 280 million people around the world, according to
WHO.
Though
depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be
treated by getting professional(专业的) help,
taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel
the danger of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself.
Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing some pictures might help you
feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low
mood, having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about
how we feel does not make us weak, it makes us human.
34．Who is most probably experiencing depression
A．Lily, who is going to have an important exam and hasn't slept well for 3 days.
B．May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.
C．Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.
D．Tom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.
35．What does the writer think of depression
A．Normal and nothing serious. B．Uncommon although harmful.
C．Unavoidable and untreatable. D．Treatable although worrying.
36．What's the passage mainly about
A．Knowledge of depression. B．Ways of treating depression.
C．Reasons for depression. D．Results of depression.
【答案】34．C
35．D
36．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了抑郁症正在伤害全世界约2.8亿人，以及一些有关抑郁症的治疗措施等。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先浏览题目，然后读懂题意，最后从文中抓住关键词句，最终确定答案。
34．细节题。根据As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and greatly harms a person's ability at work or school or in the daily life正如世界卫生组织所指出的，抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下。它通常会持续很长时间，严重损害一个人在工作、学校或日常生活中的能力，可知抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下，抑郁症患者通常不喜欢与他人谈论他们的问题，故选C。
35．观点态度题。根据Though depression is worrying, we don't have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional(专业的) help,taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.可知虽然抑郁症令人担忧，但我们不必害怕它。抑郁症可以通过专业的帮助来治疗，服用药物或两者混合治疗，即虽然令人担忧但可以治疗，故选D。
36．主旨题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了什么是抑郁症、抑郁症的表现及抑郁症的治疗方法等，A最合适，B、C、D比较片面。故选A。
四、阅读还原
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Life is full of choices and decisions. Here are some steps to help you make wise decisions.
First, it's better to make a decision quickly than avoid it for a month because you're afraid of choosing. 　37． 　 Also, some choices usually have time limits. So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice. Narrow down the list and try comparing only the best two or three.
Next, think about the value and cost of each choice. 　38． 　 Or better yet, create a scorecard, on which you give out bigger point values to what you think is more important. This way you can tell if one huge advantage is more important than a group of little disadvantages.
Then, stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay(延迟) for weeks, but if you're about to make a hasty(仓促的) decision, you may end up picking something you regret. 　39． 　 And it might take you a few days for major choices, like choosing your ideal high school.
　40． 　 Why Because it's good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you. Consider their opinions(观点) even if they are not what you want to hear. You need to take different opinions into consideration so that you will make a wise decision.
A. You'll need at least one night to "sleep on it".
B. And you don't have to make a decision alone.
C. They are the best chances to show your personality.
D. These ways of letting out what you are feeling are helpful.
E. It's very tiring to think things over but fail to decide in time.
F. To do that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages.
【答案】37．A；38．F；39．E；40．B
【知识点】任务型阅读；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了向我们介绍帮助你做出明智的决定的一些步骤。
A.You'll need at least one night to "sleep on it".你至少需要一个晚上来“睡觉”。
B.And you don't have to make a decision alone.你不必独自做出决定。
C.They are the best chances to show your personality.它们是展示你个性的最佳机会。
D.These ways of letting out what you are feeling are helpful.这些表达你感受的方式很有用。
E.It's very tiring to think things over but fail to decide in time.仔细考虑事情但不能及时做出决定是很累的。
F.To do that, you can make a list of advantages and disadvantages.要做到这一点，你可以列出优点和缺点。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，首先理解选项意思，然后根据前后句句意和关键词句确定答案。
37．根据后句So to keep our brains from getting too tired, we needn't think about the cost of every single choice.因此，为了避免大脑过于疲劳，我们不必考虑每一个选择的代价，可知本段建议不让我们的大脑变得太累，所以后句讲的是与睡觉休息有关，选项A“你至少需要一个晚上来“睡一觉”。”符合语境，故选A。
38．根据后句This way you can tell if one huge advantage is more important than a group of little disadvantages.通过这种方式，你可以判断一个巨大的优势是否比一组小缺点更重要，可知前句讲的是与优点和缺点有关，故选F。
39．根据前句Then,stay calm and give yourself some space. You don't want to delay(延迟) for weeks, but if you're about to make a hasty(仓促的) decision, you may end up picking something you regret.然后，保持冷静，给自己一些空间。你不想拖延几个星期，但如果你要匆忙做出决定，你可能会选择一些你后悔的事情，可知后句与决定有关，选项E“事情想了很久又不能及时做出决定，真是累人。”符合语境，故选E。
40．根据Because it's good to get a fresh way of thinking from others who are not as worried as you.可知因为从没有你担心的人那里得到一种新的思维方式是件好事，可知后句建议可以听听他人的意见，选项B“你不必独自做决定。”符合语境，故选B。
五、短文综合填空
（2022·常州）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Museums play a big role in our society. They are also 　41． 　 important classroom for primary and secondary school students. During holidays, groups of young museum guides 　42． 　 (see) everywhere in Changzhou Museum. Since 2011, Changzhou Museum 　43． 　 (carry) out more than 100 public training activities for volunteer guides.
In July, 2021, I was chosen 　44． 　 (be) a volunteer guide in Changzhou Museum. 　45． 　 it was my first time to serve there, I didn't know what to do. Luckily, the teachers there gave many interesting training classes, including "Public Places and Manners", "Red History and Red Culture" and so on. I was deeply touched by the stories of 　46． 　 (pioneer) like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei. I was impressed that they had risked 　47． 　 (lose) their lives to create a new China.
In the following month,I guided hundreds of tourists and did my job 　48． 　 (success). This experience had a great influence 　49． 　 me. I know more about my hometown and the meaning of life. I feel 　50． 　 (pride) of being a volunteer guide to help more people learn about Changzhou.
【答案】41．an；42．are seen；43．has carried；44．to be；45．Because/ As；46．pioneers；47．losing；48．successfully；49．on；50．proud
【知识点】语法填空；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者作为常州博物馆导游的经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，首先读懂文章大意，然后理解单词词义及词性，最后结合语法回答。
41．句意：它们也是中小学生的重要教室。classroom教室，可数名词单数，此处泛指一个教室，important首字母发元音音素，所以用an表示数量一，故填an。
42．句意：假日期间，常州博物馆里随处可见一群群年轻的导游。see看见，实义动词，本句主语guides是动作see的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be+动词过去分词，主语guides是复数，所以be动词用are，see的过去分词是seen，故填are seen。
43．句意：自2011年以来，常州博物馆开展了100余次志愿者导游公共培训活动。carry携带，实义动词，Since 2011表明时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has+动词过去分词，主语Changzhou Museum是第三人称单数，所以用has，carry的过去分词是carried，故填has carried。
44．句意：2021年7月，我被选为常州博物馆的志愿者导游。be成为，实义动词，be chosen to do sth.被选做某事，固定搭配，所以用to be，故填to be。
45．句意：因为这是我第一次在那里服务，我不知道该怎么办。it was my first time to serve there这是我第一次在那里服务，I didn't know what to do我不知道该怎么办，可知前后句表示因果关系，前句表示原因，用because/as引导原因状语从句，句首需大写首字母，故填Because/As。
46．句意：我被瞿秋白、张太雷等先驱者的故事深深打动了。pioneer先驱者，可数名词，根据like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei可知此处应使用名词复数形式，故填pioneers。
47．句意：我对他们冒着失去生命的危险创建新中国印象深刻。lose失去，实义动词，risk doing sth.冒险做某事，固定搭配，所以用losing，故填losing。
48．句意：在接下来的一个月里，我带领了数百名游客，并顺利完成了我的工作。success成功，不可数名词，did做，实义动词，副词修饰实义动词，所以用副词形式successfully，成功地，故填successfully。
49．句意：这段经历对我影响很大。have a/an+adj.+influence on对……有……的影响，固定搭配，故填on。
50．句意：我很自豪能成为一名志愿者导游，帮助更多的人了解常州。pride骄傲，不可数名词。feel感到，系动词，后面用形容词，pride的形容词是proud，骄傲的，feel proud of感到骄傲，故填proud。
六、完成句子
51．（2022·常州）这些科学家们正在为我们打开一个全新的世界。
The scientists 　 　 to us.
【答案】are opening up a whole new world
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"打开"用open up，固定搭配；"一个全新的世界"用a whole new world，固定搭配，根据句意可知，时态是现在进行时，结构是be+动词ing，主语scientists是复数，所以be动词用are，open的ing是opening，故填are opening up a whole new world。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配open up、a whole new world，理解现在进行时的结构。
52．（2022·常州）汤姆，你将在什么时候展示如何进行垃圾分类？
　 　 into different groups, Tom
【答案】When are you going to show us how to separate waste
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"什么时候"用when什么时候，特殊疑问词；"你"用you，主格，做主语；"将要做某事"用be going to do sth.，固定搭配，所以be动词用are；"展示"用show实义动词，所以用are going to show；"向某人展示如何做某事"用show sb. how to do sth.，固定搭配，sb.用宾格us；"垃圾分类"用separate waste，固定搭配，注意句首首字母大写，故填When are you going to show us how to separate waste。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配show sb. how to do sth.、separate waste和be going to do结构。
53．（2022·常州）女足运动员们对自己要求非常严格，所以她们取得了很大的进步。
Women football players were 　 　.
【答案】very strict with themselves, so they have made great progress
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"对某人自己非常严格"用be very strict with oneself固定搭配，主语是复数women，所以oneself用themselves她们自己；"所以"用so，连词；"她们"用they，主格，做主语；"取得很大的进步"用make great progress，固定搭配，后半句时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has+动词过去分词，主语是复数they，所以用have，make的过去分词是made。故填very strict with themselves, so they have made great progress。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配be strict with和make great progress，注意现在完成时的结构。
54．（2022·常州）如果你放弃，你就会落后。
You 　 　.
【答案】will fall behind, if you give up
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"你"用you，主格，做主语；"落后"用fall behind，固定搭配；"放弃"用give up，固定搭配；"如果"用if，表示条件，连词，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用will+动词原形，if所在句子是从句，主语是you，所以give用原形；主句用will fall behind，故填will fall behind, if you give up。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配fall behind和give up，理解if引导的条件状语从句。
55．（2022·常州）西蒙，在公众场所要降低你的嗓音。
Simon, 　 　 in public places.
【答案】keep your voice down
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知，"降低某人的噪音"用keep one's voice down，固定搭配，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头，所以keep用原形，one's用your，你的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词voice，故填keep your voice down。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配keep one's voice down，理解祈使句的用法。
56．（2022·常州）我们的城市和他们的一样因优美的环境而闻名。
Our city 　 　.
【答案】is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs
【知识点】汉译英；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知缺少汉语提示“因为......出名”用be famous for，固定搭配，时态是一般现在时，主语是单数city，所以be动词用is；“和......一样......”用as+形容词或者副词原级+as，固定搭配，as famous for...as“和……一样因……而闻名”；“环境”用environment，不可数名词；“优美的”用beautiful，形容词，修饰名词environment，beautiful environment“优美的环境”；“他们的用theirs，名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词，代替their city。故填 is as famous for its beautiful environment as theirs。
【点评】考查汉译英，注意平时识记固定搭配be famous for和as+形容词或者副词原级+as。
七、材料作文
57．（2022·常州）某中学生英文报Your Voice栏目中有如下征文通知，请你写篇英语文章投稿，谈谈你的想法。
It's not very easy for teenagers to make true friends. Some of them make friends by following suit (随大流). That means they do the same as their friends, such as playing online games or saying bad words behind others, although they're not willing to. Share your ideas about the topic. 1. Is it wise to follow suit in order to make friends 2. How can teenagers make true friends Don't forget to support your ideas with your experience as an example.
注意：
1）文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2）词数100左右；文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。I want to share my ideas about the topic.
【答案】 I want to share my ideas about the topic.
In my opinion, making friends by following suit is not wise. Because everyone is an individual, with his own interests and personality. So don't follow the crowd and just do what other people like to do.
We should make friends with those who can give us help and share our happiness and sadness. To make true friends, you must be friendly to others. Smile at others and you will get a smile in return. You can make friends with those who share the same interest with you or those who are totally different from you. Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed.
【知识点】材料作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇材料作文。要求以“交友”为话题，结合提示内容进行写作。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。写作时要以第一、第二人称来行文，时态用一般现在时。作文可分为三段，第一段引出话题；第二段介绍自己认为为了交朋友而跟风是否是明智的；第三段介绍青少年怎样才能交到真正的朋友。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
【点评】作文内容全面，运用好词好句，如：want to do；in one's opinion；make friends；one's own；like to do；be friendly to；smile at；in return；share sth. with sb.；be different from；be in trouble；in need；try to do等。动名词做主语In my opinion, making friends by following suit is not wise.；状语从句Because everyone is an individual, with his own interests and personality. So don't follow the crowd and just do what other people like to do.；定语从句We should make friends with those who can give us help and share our happiness and sadness.You can make friends with those who share the same interest with you or those who are totally different from you.；祈使句Smile at others and you will get a smile in return.Try to help your friends when they are in trouble because a friend in need is a friend indeed.。连词because、so、and的运用使文章上下文联系更为紧密。
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