中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学案04 动词(短语)
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
高频考点一:动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗?
高频考点二:实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
高频考点三:连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one
—I hope it will _____________ like a book.
A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell
【答案】C
【解析】问句中的a science museum为建筑物,故答语中应该用look like,表示"看上去像……",其余选项不符合句意。
高频考点四:助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
高频考点一五:动词的本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es study→studies;try→tries
现在分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped;plan→planned
高频考点一六:动词短语
构成方式 常见短语
动词+冠词+名词 give a concert开音乐会,give a tea进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险
动词+名词 catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,take action采取行,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词 catch hold of抓住,catch sight of看见,make contributions to对……做贡献,make room for给……腾地方,make use of利用,pay attention to注意,take advantage of利用,make contact with和……接触/联系,take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词 come into use开始使用,get into trouble陷入麻烦,play with fire玩火/冒险,wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词 bring... to mind使想起,put... into use应用,put... into practice实行/实施,take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词 add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上,追上,go ahead with开始,着手,go in for参加/追求,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from远离,look down upon瞧不起/轻视,put up with忍受/容忍,run out of用完
Spring has come. We can’t _____________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A. put off B. make up
C. come up with D. look up
【答案】A
【解析】由句意可知,春天来了,我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)Which of the following is RIGHT
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month. B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week. D.The movie made me laugh.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:以下哪项是正确的?
考查句子结构和时态。选项A短语“looking forward to”中“to”是介词,后面跟动名词,meet应改为meeting,A错误;选项B中时间状语“in ten minutes”,可知此句时态应为一般将来时,而此句时态是一般现在时,B错误;选项C,由“for one week”可知此句时态为现在完成时,谓语动词用延续性动词,left是瞬间动词,has left应改为been away from;选项D正确,使用短语make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”。故选D。
2.(2022·浙江温州·校考三模)—Is the lady waiting at the school gate your mother, Alex
—No, it ________ be her. She has gone to Hainan on business.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——亚历克斯,在学校门口等着的那位女士是你妈妈吗? ——不,不可能是她。她因公去了海南。
考查情态动词。mustn’t绝对不能;can’t不可能;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“She has gone to Hainan on business.”可知,在学校门口等着的那位女士“不可能”是亚历克斯的妈妈,这里是否定的推测,用can’t be。故选B。
3.(2022·江苏无锡·校考二模)—How is it going in your new company
—It ________ be better. I’m always in high spirits at work.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你在新公司怎么样? ——再好不过了。我工作时总是情绪高涨。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不能;mustn’t禁止;may not可能不。根据“How is it going in your new company ”及“I’m always in high spirits at work.”可知,这里应该是夸赞公司,couldn’t be better“再好不过了”,是日常交际用语。故选B。
4.(2022·安徽·校联考二模)—The film “Avatar: The Way of Water” will be shown in December this year.
—It ________ be interesting. I am looking forward to it.
A.may B.can C.should D.must
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——电影“《阿凡达:水之路》”将于今年12月上映。——它一定很有趣。我很期待。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能,也许(表示某种情况是可能的);can(表示有能力做或能够发生)能,会;should应该(提出或征询建议);must(表示必要或很重要)必须。根据“I am looking forward to it.”我很期待它,可推测,这个电影一定有趣。故选D。
5.(2022·四川自贡·统考一模)A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man.
A.can’t; can B.may not; must C.may not; can
【答案】B
【详解】句意:一个勤奋的人可能不能成为一个伟大的科学家,但是一位伟大的科学家肯定是一位勤奋的人。
考查情态动词表推测。第一个空,can’t表示“不能”或“不可能”,may not表示“可能不”,根据语境可知,勤奋的人可能成为伟大的科学家,也可能不会成为科学家,因此排除选项A;第二个空,must be表示“肯定是”,can be表示“可能是”,根据题干前半句和but转折可知,此空应用肯定推测,即must be,排除选项C。故选B。
6.(2022·福建福州·福州三牧中学校考一模)He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天晚上他被迫和他的兄弟们一起打扫房间。
考查非谓语动词。make用于被动语态中要还原出to,be made to do sth“被迫做某事”,故选B。
7.(2022·辽宁抚顺·统考模拟预测)—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A.left out B.to leave out C.leaving out D.be left out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。——嗯,也许派对上的人太多了。
考查过去分词作表语。leave out“遗漏,省去”;根据“I didn’t enjoy myself at the party.”可知,说话人在聚会上感觉不开心,觉得自己被忽略了;主语“I”与“leave out”为被动关系,feel为感官动词,后可接过去分词作表语。故选A。
8.(2022·福建厦门·统考模拟预测)With the development of technology, people ________ take off the masks and the mobile phones can still recognize(识别)who they are.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:随着科技的发展,人们不需要摘下口罩,手机仍然可以识别他们是谁。
考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“people … take off the masks and the mobile phones can still recognize(识别)who they are”可知,人们不必摘下口罩,手机就可以进行识别,故选A。
9.(2022·黑龙江绥化·校联考模拟预测)—May I ask you some questions —No, you ________
A.may not B.mustn’t C.needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以问你几个问题吗?——不,你不能。
考查含情态动词的一般疑问句。“May I... ”的否定回答是“No, you mustn’t/can’t.”;故选B。
10.(2022·江苏镇江·统考二模)You ________ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in oral test.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你再怎么重视你的发音也不为过,因为它在口试中是如此重要。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t不允许;can’t不能;needn’t不必。can’t…too much“再怎么样也不为过”,固定搭配,根据“as it is so important in oral test”可知,因为口试中发音很重要,所以再怎么注意也不为过。故选C。
11.(2022·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模)Dragon Boat Festival is popular in China. Instead of saying “Happy Dragon Boat Festival”, people should say, “Stay ________ and sound at Dragon Boat Festival”.
A.safer B.safely C.more safely D.safe
【答案】D
【详解】句意:端午节在中国很受欢迎。人们不会说“端午节快乐”,而应该说“端午安康”。
考查形容词作表语。safer更安全的,形容词比较级;safely安全地;副词;more safely更安全地,副词比较级;safe安全的,形容词。空格前的“stay”在这里是系动词,表示“保持”,后接形容词作表语。故选D。
12.(2022·上海金山·统考二模)Yuan Longping is a great agricultural scientist. We ________ respect and learn from him.
A.should B.need C.may D.can
【答案】A
【详解】句意:袁隆平是一位伟大的农业科学家。我们应该尊重他,向他学习。
考查情态动词辨析。should应该;need需要;may可以;can能。根据“Yuan Longping is a great agricultural scientist.”可知,此处是我们应该尊重,向他学习。故选A。
13.(2022·江苏连云港·统考二模)The FIFA World Cup ________ in Qatar in November, 2022.
A.will be taken place B.will take place
C.will happen D.will be happened
【答案】B
【详解】句意:世界杯将于2022年十一月在卡塔尔举行。
考查take place 与happen的辨析。happen、take place均不可用作被动语态,排除A和D;happen指的是偶然发生,take place指的是有计划、安排的发生, 世界杯是有安排的,排除C。故选B。
14.(2022·江苏扬州·校考二模)— Lily, why does our teacher always ask us to practise handwriting
— Because it’s important in exams. We ________ pay too much attention to it.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——莉莉,为什么我们老师总是叫我们练习书法?——因为它在考试中很重要。我们不能够太关注它。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必;can’t不可能。根据“Because it’s important in exams. We … pay too much attention to it”可知,在考试中不太可能关注到它,所以在平常应多练习,故选D。
15.(2022·湖南邵阳·校考一模)—How do you like Zhang Jing’s translation at the meeting between China and the US
—Wonderful! It is worth ________.
A.listening B.listening to C.to listen to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你觉得张京在中美会议上的翻译怎么样?——精彩!值得一听。
考查动名词用法。be worth doing表示“值得做某事”,listen不及物动词,后接to。故选B。
16.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模)Neither Jack nor I ________ interested in painting.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杰克和我都对油画不感兴趣。
考查主谓一致。neither…nor…意为“……既不,……也不”,当连接两个主语时,遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词在人称和数上和相邻近的主语一致。此处与I邻近,谓语动词与I一致,be动词用am。故选B。
17.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A.be B.is C.are D.am
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们班的学生人数是五十四人。
考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”,在句中充当主语时,表示的是一个整体,为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。
18.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Mum, why do we have to wait at the crossing for such a long time
—For our safety, we ________ be too careful.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,为什么我们要在十字路口等这么长时间?——为了我们的安全,我们再怎么小心也不为过。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。根据“For our safety, we …be too careful.”可知,can’t too…“再……也不为过”,故选B。
19.(2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题)—May I go boating with my classmates this weekend
—Of course, but you __________ swim in the river!
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这个周末我可以和我的同学去划船吗?——当然可以,但你不能在河里游泳!
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;wouldn’t不会;couldn’t不能。根据“ but you...swim in the river!”可知在河里游泳是被禁止的,故选A。
20.(2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题)—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——李小姐。我不想向丹尼尔道歉。——恐怕你必须这么做。毕竟,你打破碎了他的眼镜。
考查情态动词。may可能;have to必须;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要。根据“After all, you broke his glasses.”可知对方必须要向丹尼尔道歉,故选B。
21.(2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题)—Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
—Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it.
A.has to B.must C.can’t D.might
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Selina,我想了解一些关于北京冬季奥运会的事情。——Frank一定知道,因为他最关心它。
考查动词辨析。has to不得不;must一定;can’t不可能;might可能。根据“because he cares best about it”可知,此处表示非常肯定的推测,故选B。
22.(2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题)—Mom, must I tidy my room right now
—No, you ________. You can do it after breakfast.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我现在必须整理房间吗? ——不,你不需要。你可以在早饭后做。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据英语语法,对于must开头一般疑问句,若要作否定回答,可用needn’t,不用mustn’t。故选A。
23.(2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题)—Will plants grow on other planets
—That ________ be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future.
A.mustn’t B.should C.needn’t D.may
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——植物会在其他星球上生产吗?——那可能是真的。未来真的很难预测。
考查情态动词。mustn’t不可以,表禁止;should应该,应当;needn’t不需要;may可能,表推测。根据“It’s really difficult to predict the future”可知,未来很难预测,因此推测可能是真的。故选D。
24.(2022·山东济南·统考中考真题)—Is the girl over there Lucy
—No. It ________ be her. She is cleaning the classroom.
A.must B.could C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——那边那个女孩是露西吗?——不。不可能是她。她正在打扫教室。
考查情态动词。must必须;could可能;can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止。根据“She is cleaning the classroom.”可知不可能是露西,表示语气强烈的否定推测,用can’t。故选C。
25.(2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—Hey, whose basketball do you think this is
—It ________ belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——嘿,你认为这是谁的篮球?——那一定属于Linda。她在我们班最喜欢打篮球。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定;can能够。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“She likes playing basketball best in our class”可知,推测一定是Linda的,表十分肯定的推测用must,故选A。
26.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题)—Angel, I have moved near People’s Park.
—Oh, it ________ be very convenient. You can exercise there any time now.
A.must B.might C.could
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——安吉拉,我搬到人民公园附近了。 ——哦,那一定很方便。现在你随时都可以去那里锻炼。
考查动词辨析。must必须;might可能;could能。根据“it...be very convenient”可知,此处是非常肯定的推测,故选A。
27.(2022·广西河池·统考中考真题)As we know, sixteen-year-olds ________ drive a car in our country.
A.must B.could C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:众所周知,在我国,16岁的人是不许开车的。
考查情态动词。must必须,一定;could可能,可以;mustn’t不许,不可以,表禁止;couldn’t不能够。根据“sixteen-year-olds”和“drive a car in our country”可知,16岁的人是不许驾车的。凡是法律法规不许做的事,都是明令禁止的,需要用mustn’t表禁止。故选C。
28.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A.to take; sit B.take; sit C.take; sitting D.to take; sitting
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——锻炼对我们的健康有好处。——你说得对。所以我宁愿步行一小时也不愿坐在电脑前。
考查非谓语动词。would rather do sth. than do sth“宁愿做……也不愿意做……”,两个空格都是动词原形。故选B。
29.(2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题)—Mike, I can’t stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid you ________ .
A.could B.may C.would D.have to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Mike,我不能停止玩电脑游戏。——为了你的眼睛,我亲爱的朋友,我恐怕你不得不停止玩电脑游戏。
考查情态动词。could能够;may可能;would会;have to不得不。根据“For your eyes”可知为了你的眼睛,你不得不停下来。故选D。
30.(2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题)When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they __________ be looked after well by us.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.may D.may not
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当我们的父母有一天老得不能照顾自己时,我们应该好好照顾他们。
考查情态动词。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;may可能;may not可能不。根据“When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they … be looked after well by us”可知,当父母老去那一天,我们应该照顾他们,这是我们的责任和义务,故选A。
31.(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)The clever boy ________ recite so many poems when he was three.
A.might B.would C.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个聪明的男孩三岁时就能背诵很多首诗。
考查情态动词辨析。might可能;would将;could能够。根据“The clever boy … recite so many poems”可知,在小的时候就能背许多诗,表示过去的能力用could。故选C。
32.(2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题)—You________ be excited—you have tickets for your favourite band!
—Yes. It’s unbelievable that I can see the band play live!
A.need B.have to C.must D.might
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你得到了你最爱的乐队的票,你一定很兴奋。——是的。我可以看到乐队的现场演奏会,真是难以置信。
考查情态动词。need需要;have to不得不;must必须;might可能。根据“you have tickets for your favourite band”可知,句子表达肯定猜测“一定很兴奋”。故选C。
33.(2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题)In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在我们学校的图书馆里,有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。
考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知,表复数概念,故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”,修饰主语,be动词用is,故选B。
34.(2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题)—Dad, what’s for dinner It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,晚饭吃什么?闻起来很香!——我正在煮鸡汤。
考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;smells闻起来;looks看起来;feels感觉。根据“Dad, what’s for dinner ”以及“I’m cooking chicken soup.”可知,正在煮鸡汤,应该是闻起来很香。故选B。
35.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.is found B.has been found C.will be found D.could be found
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在唐朝,在长安的街道上几乎可以找到世界上所有的东西。
考查时态和语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是动宾关系,此处表示能够被找到,结合“During the Tang dynasty”可知用过去式could表示“能够”,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,用could be found。故选D。
36.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Alex, come down to play football.
—I can’t. Mom said I ________ clean my bedroom before doing anything else.
A.had to B.will C.used to D.can
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Alex,下来踢足球吧。——我不能去。妈妈说我在做其他事情之前必须先打扫我的卧室。
考查动词辨析。had to不得不;will将;used to do过去常常做某事;can能够。根据“Mom said I… clean my bedroom before doing anything else”可知,妈妈要求做其他事情之前必须先打扫卧室,故选A。
37.(2022·浙江温州·统考中考真题)—Thomas, where are my postcards I ________ find them.
—They’re on the bookshelf.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Thomas,我的明信片在哪里?我找不到它们。——它们在书架上。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“where are my postcards”及“I …find them”可知,不能找到明信片,故选A。
38.(2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)The public sign in the library means people ________ smoke there.
A.could B.must C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:图书馆的这个公共标志意味着人们不能在那里吸烟。
考查情态动词。could可以;must必须;couldn’t不可以;mustn’t禁止。根据常识可知,图片这个标志是禁止吸烟,故选D。
39.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Who is playing the piano in the music room Is it Mary
—No, it ________ be her. She has ________ to Beijing on business.
A.couldn’t; been B.can’t; gone C.can’t; been D.mustn’t; gone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——谁在音乐教室里弹钢琴?是玛丽吗?——不可能是她。她出差去北京了。
考查情态动词和现在完成时的用法。couldn’t不能;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;has been to去过已回;has gone to去了未回。第一处表示否定推测,且由“Is it Mary ”可知,此句应该一般现在时,此处应该用情态动词can’t,排除A、D;根据“to Beijing on business”可知,出差了,还未回来,用has gone to。故选B。
40.(2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题)—Paul, have you tried this chicken It’s a special in Luzhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China.
—Yes, it ________ hot but delicious.
A.eats B.looks C.tastes D.sees
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Paul,你吃过这种鸡吗 这是泸州的一个特别菜肴,已经在电视节目《舌尖上的中国》中介绍过。——是的,它吃起来很辣,但是很好吃。
考查动词辨析。eats吃;looks看起来;tastes尝起来;sees看。此空后hot和delicious都是形容词,故此空应填连系动词,排除A和D选项。食物是尝起来美味,故选C。
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学案04 动词(短语)
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
高频考点一:动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗?
高频考点二:实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
高频考点三:连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one
—I hope it will _____________ like a book.
A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell
【答案】C
【解析】问句中的a science museum为建筑物,故答语中应该用look like,表示"看上去像……",其余选项不符合句意。
高频考点四:助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
高频考点一五:动词的本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es study→studies;try→tries
现在分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped;plan→planned
高频考点一六:动词短语
构成方式 常见短语
动词+冠词+名词 give a concert开音乐会,give a tea进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险
动词+名词 catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,take action采取行,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词 catch hold of抓住,catch sight of看见,make contributions to对……做贡献,make room for给……腾地方,make use of利用,pay attention to注意,take advantage of利用,make contact with和……接触/联系,take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词 come into use开始使用,get into trouble陷入麻烦,play with fire玩火/冒险,wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词 bring... to mind使想起,put... into use应用,put... into practice实行/实施,take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词 add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上,追上,go ahead with开始,着手,go in for参加/追求,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from远离,look down upon瞧不起/轻视,put up with忍受/容忍,run out of用完
Spring has come. We can’t _____________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A. put off B. make up
C. come up with D. look up
【答案】A
【解析】由句意可知,春天来了,我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)Which of the following is RIGHT
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month. B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week. D.The movie made me laugh.
2.(2022·浙江温州·校考三模)—Is the lady waiting at the school gate your mother, Alex
—No, it ________ be her. She has gone to Hainan on business.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
3.(2022·江苏无锡·校考二模)—How is it going in your new company
—It ________ be better. I’m always in high spirits at work.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
4.(2022·安徽·校联考二模)—The film “Avatar: The Way of Water” will be shown in December this year.
—It ________ be interesting. I am looking forward to it.
A.may B.can C.should D.must
5.(2022·四川自贡·统考一模)A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man.
A.can’t; can B.may not; must C.may not; can
6.(2022·福建福州·福州三牧中学校考一模)He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned
7.(2022·辽宁抚顺·统考模拟预测)—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A.left out B.to leave out C.leaving out D.be left out
8.(2022·福建厦门·统考模拟预测)With the development of technology, people ________ take off the masks and the mobile phones can still recognize(识别)who they are.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t
9.(2022·黑龙江绥化·校联考模拟预测)—May I ask you some questions —No, you ________
A.may not B.mustn’t C.needn’t
10.(2022·江苏镇江·统考二模)You ________ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in oral test.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
11.(2022·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模)Dragon Boat Festival is popular in China. Instead of saying “Happy Dragon Boat Festival”, people should say, “Stay ________ and sound at Dragon Boat Festival”.
A.safer B.safely C.more safely D.safe
12.(2022·上海金山·统考二模)Yuan Longping is a great agricultural scientist. We ________ respect and learn from him.
A.should B.need C.may D.can
13.(2022·江苏连云港·统考二模)The FIFA World Cup ________ in Qatar in November, 2022.
A.will be taken place B.will take place
C.will happen D.will be happened
14.(2022·江苏扬州·校考二模)— Lily, why does our teacher always ask us to practise handwriting
— Because it’s important in exams. We ________ pay too much attention to it.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
15.(2022·湖南邵阳·校考一模)—How do you like Zhang Jing’s translation at the meeting between China and the US
—Wonderful! It is worth ________.
A.listening B.listening to C.to listen to
16.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模)Neither Jack nor I ________ interested in painting.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
17.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A.be B.is C.are D.am
18.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Mum, why do we have to wait at the crossing for such a long time
—For our safety, we ________ be too careful.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
19.(2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题)—May I go boating with my classmates this weekend
—Of course, but you __________ swim in the river!
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’t
20.(2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题)—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
21.(2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题)—Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
—Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it.
A.has to B.must C.can’t D.might
22.(2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题)—Mom, must I tidy my room right now
—No, you ________. You can do it after breakfast.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
23.(2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题)—Will plants grow on other planets
—That ________ be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future.
A.mustn’t B.should C.needn’t D.may
24.(2022·山东济南·统考中考真题)—Is the girl over there Lucy
—No. It ________ be her. She is cleaning the classroom.
A.must B.could C.can’t D.mustn’t
25.(2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—Hey, whose basketball do you think this is
—It ________ belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
26.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题)—Angel, I have moved near People’s Park.
—Oh, it ________ be very convenient. You can exercise there any time now.
A.must B.might C.could
27.(2022·广西河池·统考中考真题)As we know, sixteen-year-olds ________ drive a car in our country.
A.must B.could C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
28.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A.to take; sit B.take; sit C.take; sitting D.to take; sitting
29.(2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题)—Mike, I can’t stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid you ________ .
A.could B.may C.would D.have to
30.(2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题)When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they __________ be looked after well by us.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.may D.may not
31.(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)The clever boy ________ recite so many poems when he was three.
A.might B.would C.could
32.(2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题)—You________ be excited—you have tickets for your favourite band!
—Yes. It’s unbelievable that I can see the band play live!
A.need B.have to C.must D.might
33.(2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题)In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
34.(2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题)—Dad, what’s for dinner It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
35.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.is found B.has been found C.will be found D.could be found
36.(2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Alex, come down to play football.
—I can’t. Mom said I ________ clean my bedroom before doing anything else.
A.had to B.will C.used to D.can
37.(2022·浙江温州·统考中考真题)—Thomas, where are my postcards I ________ find them.
—They’re on the bookshelf.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
38.(2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)The public sign in the library means people ________ smoke there.
A.could B.must C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
39.(2022·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Who is playing the piano in the music room Is it Mary
—No, it ________ be her. She has ________ to Beijing on business.
A.couldn’t; been B.can’t; gone C.can’t; been D.mustn’t; gone
40.(2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题)—Paul, have you tried this chicken It’s a special in Luzhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China.
—Yes, it ________ hot but delicious.
A.eats B.looks C.tastes D.sees
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