中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学案05 介词
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
介词在中考时主要侧重于三方面的考查:时间介词、地点和方位介词、方式介词。
高频考点一:表示时间的介词
(1)in, after
in+时间段,用于将来时,表示从现在算起“过……后”。He will come back in an hour.
after+时间段,=段时间+later,用于过去时,表示“在……以后”。
After an hour,he came back.=An hour later, he came back.
after+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以后”。
He will come back after 5 o'clock.I stayed at home after lunch today.
(2)before
before+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以前”。
He will come to visit us again before May.We set off before daybreak.
时间段+ago,表示从现在算起“在……以前”。I began to learn English 8 years ago.
(3)in, on, at
in+一段时间,主要表达周、月、季节、年代;泛指上午、下午、晚上。
on主要表示具体的某一天,也可表示某一天的某个时候。
at+具体钟点,表示某一时刻。
注意以下固定搭配:at lunch/supper/breakfast;at night;at midnight;at noon;at present;at that time;at the moment;at last;at the same time;at times;at the end of;in the end;at the beginning of;in the beginning;at the age of;on the morning of April 2nd;on a winter afternoon;on a rainy morning;on a cold night;on New Year's eve等。
(4)for, since 表时间的区别
for+一段时间
since+起点时间/句子
The boy has been in China for a week.
=The boy has been in China since a week ago.
=The boy has been here since he came to China last week.
高频考点二:表示方位的介词
(1)above, over, on 在……上面 under, below在……下面
above在……上方(与物体表面不接触) over在……正上方(与物体表面不接触)
on在……上面(与物体表面接触) under在……下方(与物体表面不接触)
below在……下方(一般表示抽象概念)
(2)through, across, past穿过
through纵穿(从空间内穿过)。through the door/window/forest等
across横穿(从表面过,往往是横过)。across the street/road/river/bridge等
past 经过。When I was walking past the hospital, I saw a woman crying loudly.
(3)among, between
among在(三者或三者以上)之间;between在(两者)之间。常用词组:between...and...
(4)in, on, to
in表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示范围外,且与某一地区接壤; to表示范围外,且不接壤,相离,隔海相望。
如:Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国)
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(广东与湖南毗邻,且接壤)
Japan is to the east of China.(日本与中国隔海相望)
(5)表方位的介词 on, in, behind, after
on表示在左边、右边或者旁边,on the side of; in表示在里边; behind 在后边;after 表示顺序。
(6)in front of与in the front of
in front of在外前面 in/at the front of 在内前部
高频考点三:表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
(1)表交通by, in, on
用by时,表方式,交通工具前不用任何修饰词。如:by air/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。
用in或on时,交通工具为具体实物,其前应有修饰语。如:on the bus, on an early train, on a plane, on the ship, on a horse, on the bike, in my car等。
on foot是固定搭配。
(2)表手段、工具 by, in, with, on
用by时,工具前不用任何修饰词,by也可接doing。如:by hand/accident/mistake等。
by selling newspapers/reading aloud等。
用with时,工具为具体实物,其符合名词的出现形式。如:with a pen, with ears, with my nose, with(our)hands, with a rope等。
in+语言、材料等。如:in English, in pencil, in ink等。
on+电器、网络等。如:on the computer/the radio/TV/the phone/the Internet等。
注意以下固定搭配:
agree with同意 arrive at/in 到达 at once 立刻 on time 按时,准时 in time及时
be angry with 生……的气 be good at/do well in 擅长于 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be late for 迟到 belong to 属于 be strict with 对……严格
by the way 顺便说 on one's way to在去……的路上 catch up with赶上
cheer up 使……高兴 come up with 提出 depend on依靠
be different from 与……不同 fall off 掉下来 get along/on with 与……相处
hear of 听说 hear from 收到……来信 help with帮助
in public 在公共场合 in trouble 处于困境中 in silence 默默地
in surprise惊奇地 in time 及时 learn from 向……学习
laugh at嘲笑 make friends with 与……交朋友 regard...as 把……当作
to one's surprise 使……惊奇的是 with a smile 微笑着
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀: at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.21cnjy.com
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
高频考点剖析二:表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:
1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river
介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
高频考点剖析三:表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时,交通工具前不用任何词;用 in和on 时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English.
高频考点剖析四:介词的固定搭配
across from在对面 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 get on with 与某人相处agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 come about 发生,产生 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·甘肃酒泉·校考模拟预测)—Do you know any other foreign languages ________ English
—Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.
A.besides B.except C.except for D.beside
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——除了英语,你还会其他外语吗?——是的,我还擅长日语和法语。
考查介词。besides除……之外还有,包括除了的对象在内;except除了,不包括除了的对象;except for除了,除了整体中的一部分,常用于对具体细节进行说明;beside在……旁边。根据下文答语“Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.”可知,是包括英语在内,问是否知道其他的外语,因此用besides。故选A。
2.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)Which of the following is RIGHT
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month. B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week. D.The movie made me laugh.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:以下哪项是正确的?
考查句子结构和时态。选项A短语“looking forward to”中“to”是介词,后面跟动名词,meet应改为meeting,A错误;选项B中时间状语“in ten minutes”,可知此句时态应为一般将来时,而此句时态是一般现在时,B错误;选项C,由“for one week”可知此句时态为现在完成时,谓语动词用延续性动词,left是瞬间动词,has left应改为been away from;选项D正确,使用短语make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”。故选D。
3.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考一模)—Taiwan and Hong Kong are important parts of China.
—Yes, Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China and Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
A.in;on B.to;in C.in;in D.in;to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——台湾和香港是中国的重要组成部分。——是的,台湾在中国东南部,香港在中国南部。
考查介词的用法。in,on,to三个词都可以表示位置关系:in表示位于一个地方的内部;on表示与某个地方接壤;to表示两个地方不接壤。根据常识,可知台湾和香港都在中国的内部,因此都应用介词in。故选C。
4.(2022·云南昭通·统考一模)Three Taikonauts gave a science lecture (讲座) 400 kilometers above the Earth to millions of students ________ Wednesday afternoon, March 23, 2022 in the Tiangong space station.
A.at B.on C.in D.with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在2022年3月23日,周三的下午,三位宇航员在离地球上空400千米的天宫空间站给几百万学生做了一次科学讲座。
考查介词。at在,表示在具体的时间点;on在,用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上;in在,于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等;with和,用。根据“Wednesday afternoon”可知,在周三的下午应用介词on。故选B。
5.(2022·北京石景山·统考一模)Lily often helps her mum do some gardening ________ Sundays.
A.at B.to C.on D.in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:莉莉经常在星期天帮妈妈做些园艺活。
考查介词辨析。at在……,后加具体时间点; to到……;on在……,后加具体的日期,星期几,节日;in在……,后加一天的上午,下午或晚上,加年,月,季节。on Sundays“在周日”,故选C。
6.(2022·江苏南通·统考一模)There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give up.
A.through B.towards C.against D.under
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们周围有太多违背我们意愿的事情。然而,我们没有理由放弃。
考查介词辨析。through通过;towards朝向;against违反,反对;under在……下面。根据下句“However, we’ve no excuse to give up.”可知,虽然这些事和我们的意愿相悖,但是我们没有理由放弃。故选C。
7.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The English exam ________ two parts, ________ objective item(客观题)and subjective item (主观题). Please complete each part carefully.
A.divides into; includes B.divided into; including
C.is divided into; included D.is divided into; including
【答案】D
【详解】句意:英语考试分为客观题和主观题两部分。请仔细填写每一部分。
考查一般现在时的被动语态和词意辨析。主语“The English exam”和谓语动词“divide into”是被动关系,应用被动语态,第一个空格处应用is divided into,排除A和B。includes包括,包含,动词(三单形式);including包括……在内,包含,介词,后接名词或代词;included通常作形容词,表示包括在内的,通常用于修饰词的后面。空格处位于名词前,应用介词including。故选D。
8.(2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——很多医生和护士在二月去了湖北。——湖北离黑龙江很远。它在中国南部,河南的南部。
考查方位介词。in表位置,“在内部”;to表位置,“在……面”,有一定距离;on表位置,比邻。根据常识可知,湖北在中国内部的南部,用介词in,湖北在河南的南部,相邻的位置,用介词on。故选C。
9.(2022·甘肃陇南·校考模拟预测)My family get together and have a big dinner ________ Sundays.
A.at B.in C.on D.to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的家人星期天聚在一起吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的某一时刻之前;in用于年、月、季节之前;on用于具体的某一天和星期几之前;分钟+to+整点,表示差几分钟到某个整点。句中空后Sundays是星期天,表达“在星期天”是on Sundays。故选C。
10.(2022·江苏盐城·校考一模)Let’s take a walk ___________ the river after dinner, shall we
A.along B.through C.upon D.over
【答案】A
【详解】句意:饭后我们沿河散步,好吗?
A. along沿着…的某处(或旁边);B. through穿过;C. upon强调数目或数量大;D. over悬在…上面。结合语境可知,应该是饭后我们沿河散步,故排除C/D;along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。through表示“横过”或“穿过”,表示从某个空间内部“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。本题是指沿着河边散步。故选A。
11.(2022·天津·模拟预测)I want to learn a second foreign language English.
A.except B.beside C.besides D.except for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我想除了英语以外再学习一门外语。
A. except除…之外;B. beside在旁边;C. besides除……之外,还有;D. except for除了。except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质;besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质;except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。本句是表达除了学习英语外,再学习一门语言,不是整体与部分的关系。故答案为C。
12.(2022·甘肃天水·校考模拟预测)Never put off ________ tomorrow what you can do today.
A.until B.before C.when D.as
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天的事情不要推迟到明天去做。A. until直到;B. before在……之前;C. when当……时候;D. as因为。这是一句谚语,用的是祈使句,并且以never开头,语气很强;put off意思是“推迟”,根据句意“今天的事情不要推迟到明天去做”可知A选项符合题意,故答案选A。
13.(2022·河北邯郸·校考模拟预测)Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.
A.for B.in C.with D.from
【答案】A
【详解】句意:生日快乐,彼得!这是送给你的礼物。考查介词用法。A. 为了;B. 在…里;C. 和…;D.来自。结合语境“生日快乐,彼得!这是送给你的礼物。”。表示“给……的生日礼物”。用for。故选A。
【点睛】考查介词用法,这个知识点很广泛,有一些固定用法,需要日常积累,结合语境选择正确介词完成习题。
14.(2022·辽宁铁岭·校联考三模)Mr Right had to sell the house even though it was ________ his own wishes.
A.below
B.over
C.above
D.against
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Mr Right不得不卖掉房子,尽管他违背他的愿望。Be against sth表示反对某事。根据句意,故选D。
15.(2022·江西吉安·统考模拟预测)The housing price in my hometown has increased by two percent the past two
months.
A.during B.till C.at D.on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在过去的两个月里,我家乡的房价已经上涨了百分之二。A. during介词,在...期间; B. till介词或连词,直到;C. at介词,在;D. on介词,在。本句时态为现在完成时态,时间词应与现在有关,不能与过去时间短语连用。the past two month表示一段时间,只有介词during能与一段时间连用,其它介词表示时间点,则不能与一段时间连用。而且during the past two months能与现在完成时态连用。故选A。
16.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模)—We’ll have a watch a movie after the exam. When shall we meet
—Let’s make it ________ half past nine ________ the morning of June 29.
A.at, on B./, on C.at, in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——考试后我们将去看电影。我们什么时候见面呢?——我们把时间定在6月29日上午九点半吧。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;in后接年、月、季节和泛指的上午、下午、晚上;on后接具体某一天、日期、星期和特指的上午、下午、晚上。根据“...make it...”及句子结构可知,此处表示约定时间。“half past nine”表示具体时刻,所以其前应用介词at;“the morning of June 29”表示特指,所以其前应用介词on。故选A。
17.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测)Taiwan Island is ________ the southeast of China, and ________ the east of Fujian province.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:台湾岛在中国的东南部,在福建省的东部。
考查介词。in the +方向,表示在某个范围内的方向;to the +方向,表示在某个范围外的方向;on the +方向,表示在和某地相邻的方向。台湾岛在中国范围之内,所以表示“在……的东南方”用in the southeast of;而台湾岛在福建范围之外,所以表示“在……的东方”用to the east of。故选A。
18.(2022·广西贵港·统考二模)—How long have your parents lived abroad
—________ 2006.
A.Since B.While C.Until D.Before
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你父母在国外住了多久?——自2006年到现在。
考查介词。Since自从,从……以来,自……之后;While当……时候;Until直到……为止;Before在……前。根据“How long have your parents lived abroad”可知,句子答语应为一个时间段,且可以和现在完成时连用,根据“2006”可知,此处应用Since,“since+时间点”表示一段时间,意为“从……时候到现在为止”。故选A。
19.(2022·湖北十堰·统考一模)The opening of 24th Winter Olympics Games was held in Beijing ________ the evening of February 4th, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:第24届冬奥会开幕式于2022年2月4日晚在北京举办。
考查介词用法辨析。in在……之内,后接不具体时间;at在……点钟,后常接时间点;on在……之时,后接具体时间;for达,计,后接时间段。根据“the evening of February 4th, 2022”可知,其为具体时间,故应用on。故选C。
20.(2022·云南昆明·统考二模)Kunming Metro Line 5 (地铁5号线) will start operation ________ 2022.
A.on B.at C.in D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昆明地铁五号线将要在2022年开工。
考查介词。on后接具体的一天;at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;for后接一段时间。根据语境“Kunming Metro Line 5 (地铁5号线) will start operation...2022.”可知,在2022年地铁施工开始,“in+年份”表示“在……年”。故选C。
21.(2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.
A.on B.by C.over D.under
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Vincent有时坐在河边,听音乐。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面;by在……旁边;over在……上方;under在……下面。sit by the river表示“坐在河边”,因此空格处应用介词by。故选B。
22.(2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题)All the students have gone to the science museum ________ Tom. Because he is ill.
A.except B.besides C.expect
【答案】A
【详解】句意:除了汤姆,所有的学生都去了科学博物馆。 因为他病了。
考查词义辨析。except除了(不包括);besides除了(包括);expect期待。根据“Because he is ill.”可知,汤姆病了,所以除了他,都来了,汤姆不包括在内。故选A。
23.(2022·四川成都·统考中考真题)My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl _______ chopsticks.
A.in B.on C.with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈经常告诉我用筷子打空碗是不礼貌的。
考查介词。in在……里面;on在……上面;with用;根据“hit an empty bowl...chopsticks”可知,是“用筷子敲碗”,使用某种有形的工具用介词with,故选C。
24.(2022·青海·统考中考真题)—Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest restroom is
—Go ________ the hallway and turn left, it’s across ________ the teachers’ office.
A.along; from B.to; of C.down; to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——打扰一下,你能告诉我最近的洗手间在哪里吗?——沿着走廊走,然后左转,它就在教师办公室的对面。
考查介词辨析。along沿着;from从;to到;of……的;down向下。go along“沿着……走”,across from“在……对面”。故选A。
25.(2022·四川·统考中考真题)The boy was born ________ 2014.
A.at B.in C.by D.on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个男孩出生于2014。
考查时间介词。at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;by到……为止;on后接具体一天。2014是具体的年份,所以空格应填in,故选B。
26.(2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题)—Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day
—It is ________ April 23 every year.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——王老师,世界读书日是什么时候?——每年的4月23日。
考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/月份/季节/年份;at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;by通过。“April 23”是具体的时间,用时间介词on。故选C。
27.(2022·山东济南·统考中考真题)World Book Day is ________ April 23 every year.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
【答案】A
【详解】句意:每年的4月23日是世界读书日。
考查介词辨析。on后接具体日期;in后接年月;at后接具体时刻;by到……之前。根据“April 23”可知此处介绍世界读书日具体在哪天,用介词on。故选A。
28.(2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—World Book Day is________ April 23rd every year.
—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——每年的4月23日是世界读书日。——我知道。全球100多个国家举办各种各样的阅读活动。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体一天;by到……为止。“April 23rd”是具体的一天,应填on,故选C。
29.(2022·辽宁营口·统考中考真题)Su Yiming got his gold medal of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ________ the afternoon of February 15th.
A.on B.in C.at D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:2月15日下午,苏翊鸣获得2022年北京冬奥会金牌。
考查介词。on后接具体到某一天的时间或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上;in后跟年份、月份、季节等;at后跟具体时刻;for 用于一段时间,表示的是时间的长短,常用于完成时,和持续性动词连用。根据“the afternoon of February 15th”可知,此处指的是具体的某一天的下午,因此用介词on。故选A。
30.(2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题)The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls _______ May.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国传统的阴历将一年分为24个节气。小满通常在五月。
考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节;at加具体时刻;on后具体的某一天;to到。May表示“五月”,应用介词in,故选A。
31.(2022·北京·统考中考真题)We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们每周五下午三点钟上历史课。
考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加早中晚,月份,季节,年份等;to到。“three o’clock”是时间点,用时间介词at。故选A。
32.(2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题)I usually get up ________ 6:30 in the morning. And you
A.at B.on C.in D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我通常在早上六点半起床。你呢?
考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加月份,季节,年份等;for其后加一段时间。“6:30”是时间点,故选A。
33.(2022·辽宁·统考中考真题)We’re glad to see that Shenzhou-14 rose into the sky ________ June 5, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看到神州14在2022年6月5日升空,我们很开心。
考查介词。in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午、下午、晚上或白天等;at表示在具体的时间点;on用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上或一般节日等;to向。根据“June 5, 2022”,可知表达具体的6月5日,用介词“on”。故选C。
34.(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)Maria went skating with her friends in the park ________ a sunny morning.
A.at B.in C.on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽亚在一个阳光明媚的早晨和她的朋友们在公园里滑冰。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体时刻。根据“a sunny morning.”可知,此处指在具体的一天,故此空应填on,故选C。
35.(2022·湖北·统考中考真题)—I’m going to Disneyland ________ two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun!
A.to B.in C.at D.on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——两周后我要去迪斯尼乐园。——哇,听起来很有趣!
考查介词辨析。to到;in后加某年某月某季节;at后加具体的时刻;on后加具体的某一天或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上。根据“I’m going to Disneyland”可知,本句是一般将来时,in+一段时间,表示“一段时间以后”,用于将来时。故选B。
36.(2022·河北·统考中考真题)Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river.
A.at B.in C.of D.by
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!那条鱼在河里游得很快。
考查介词辨析。at在;in在……里;of……的;by在……旁边。根据“The fish is swimming fast… the river.”可知,鱼在河里游泳,故选B。
37.(2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)________ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
A.on B.In C.At D.With
【答案】B
【详解】句意:春天,白天经常刮风,阳光明媚。这是放风筝的最佳时机。
考查介词辨析。on用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前;in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前;at用于具体的钟点前;with和……一起;根据“spring”可知,季节前用介词in,故选B。
38.(2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题)Shenzhou XIII came back to Earth safely ________ April 16th, 2022.
A.at B.on C.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2022年4月16日,神舟十三号安全返回地球。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接某年某月某季节。“April 16th, 2022”是具体一天,应填介词on,故选B。
39.(2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)Mingming will have a class meeting _______ 3:30 this afternoon.
A.on B.in C.at
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今天下午三点半明明要开班会。
考查时间介词用法。in后接某年某月;on后接具体一天;at后接具体时刻。“3:30”是具体的时刻,故选C。
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学案05 介词
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
介词在中考时主要侧重于三方面的考查:时间介词、地点和方位介词、方式介词。
高频考点一:表示时间的介词
(1)in, after
in+时间段,用于将来时,表示从现在算起“过……后”。He will come back in an hour.
after+时间段,=段时间+later,用于过去时,表示“在……以后”。
After an hour,he came back.=An hour later, he came back.
after+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以后”。
He will come back after 5 o'clock.I stayed at home after lunch today.
(2)before
before+起点或截止时间,用于将来时或过去时,表示“在……以前”。
He will come to visit us again before May.We set off before daybreak.
时间段+ago,表示从现在算起“在……以前”。I began to learn English 8 years ago.
(3)in, on, at
in+一段时间,主要表达周、月、季节、年代;泛指上午、下午、晚上。
on主要表示具体的某一天,也可表示某一天的某个时候。
at+具体钟点,表示某一时刻。
注意以下固定搭配:at lunch/supper/breakfast;at night;at midnight;at noon;at present;at that time;at the moment;at last;at the same time;at times;at the end of;in the end;at the beginning of;in the beginning;at the age of;on the morning of April 2nd;on a winter afternoon;on a rainy morning;on a cold night;on New Year's eve等。
(4)for, since 表时间的区别
for+一段时间
since+起点时间/句子
The boy has been in China for a week.
=The boy has been in China since a week ago.
=The boy has been here since he came to China last week.
高频考点二:表示方位的介词
(1)above, over, on 在……上面 under, below在……下面
above在……上方(与物体表面不接触) over在……正上方(与物体表面不接触)
on在……上面(与物体表面接触) under在……下方(与物体表面不接触)
below在……下方(一般表示抽象概念)
(2)through, across, past穿过
through纵穿(从空间内穿过)。through the door/window/forest等
across横穿(从表面过,往往是横过)。across the street/road/river/bridge等
past 经过。When I was walking past the hospital, I saw a woman crying loudly.
(3)among, between
among在(三者或三者以上)之间;between在(两者)之间。常用词组:between...and...
(4)in, on, to
in表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示范围外,且与某一地区接壤; to表示范围外,且不接壤,相离,隔海相望。
如:Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国)
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(广东与湖南毗邻,且接壤)
Japan is to the east of China.(日本与中国隔海相望)
(5)表方位的介词 on, in, behind, after
on表示在左边、右边或者旁边,on the side of; in表示在里边; behind 在后边;after 表示顺序。
(6)in front of与in the front of
in front of在外前面 in/at the front of 在内前部
高频考点三:表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
(1)表交通by, in, on
用by时,表方式,交通工具前不用任何修饰词。如:by air/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。
用in或on时,交通工具为具体实物,其前应有修饰语。如:on the bus, on an early train, on a plane, on the ship, on a horse, on the bike, in my car等。
on foot是固定搭配。
(2)表手段、工具 by, in, with, on
用by时,工具前不用任何修饰词,by也可接doing。如:by hand/accident/mistake等。
by selling newspapers/reading aloud等。
用with时,工具为具体实物,其符合名词的出现形式。如:with a pen, with ears, with my nose, with(our)hands, with a rope等。
in+语言、材料等。如:in English, in pencil, in ink等。
on+电器、网络等。如:on the computer/the radio/TV/the phone/the Internet等。
注意以下固定搭配:
agree with同意 arrive at/in 到达 at once 立刻 on time 按时,准时 in time及时
be angry with 生……的气 be good at/do well in 擅长于 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be late for 迟到 belong to 属于 be strict with 对……严格
by the way 顺便说 on one's way to在去……的路上 catch up with赶上
cheer up 使……高兴 come up with 提出 depend on依靠
be different from 与……不同 fall off 掉下来 get along/on with 与……相处
hear of 听说 hear from 收到……来信 help with帮助
in public 在公共场合 in trouble 处于困境中 in silence 默默地
in surprise惊奇地 in time 及时 learn from 向……学习
laugh at嘲笑 make friends with 与……交朋友 regard...as 把……当作
to one's surprise 使……惊奇的是 with a smile 微笑着
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀: at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.21cnjy.com
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
高频考点剖析二:表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:
1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river
介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
高频考点剖析三:表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时,交通工具前不用任何词;用 in和on 时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English.
高频考点剖析四:介词的固定搭配
across from在对面 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 get on with 与某人相处agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 come about 发生,产生 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·甘肃酒泉·校考模拟预测)—Do you know any other foreign languages ________ English
—Yes, I’m also good at Japanese and French.
A.besides B.except C.except for D.beside
2.(2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测)Which of the following is RIGHT
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month. B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week. D.The movie made me laugh.
3.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考一模)—Taiwan and Hong Kong are important parts of China.
—Yes, Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China and Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
A.in;on B.to;in C.in;in D.in;to
4.(2022·云南昭通·统考一模)Three Taikonauts gave a science lecture (讲座) 400 kilometers above the Earth to millions of students ________ Wednesday afternoon, March 23, 2022 in the Tiangong space station.
A.at B.on C.in D.with
5.(2022·北京石景山·统考一模)Lily often helps her mum do some gardening ________ Sundays.
A.at B.to C.on D.in
6.(2022·江苏南通·统考一模)There’re so many things around us _________ our will. However, we’ve no excuse to give up.
A.through B.towards C.against D.under
7.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The English exam ________ two parts, ________ objective item(客观题)and subjective item (主观题). Please complete each part carefully.
A.divides into; includes B.divided into; including
C.is divided into; included D.is divided into; including
8.(2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on D.on; in
9.(2022·甘肃陇南·校考模拟预测)My family get together and have a big dinner ________ Sundays.
A.at B.in C.on D.to
10.(2022·江苏盐城·校考一模)Let’s take a walk ___________ the river after dinner, shall we
A.along B.through C.upon D.over
11.(2022·天津·模拟预测)I want to learn a second foreign language English.
A.except B.beside C.besides D.except for
12.(2022·甘肃天水·校考模拟预测)Never put off ________ tomorrow what you can do today.
A.until B.before C.when D.as
13.(2022·河北邯郸·校考模拟预测)Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.
A.for B.in C.with D.from
14.(2022·辽宁铁岭·校联考三模)Mr Right had to sell the house even though it was ________ his own wishes.
A.below
B.over
C.above
D.against
15.(2022·江西吉安·统考模拟预测)The housing price in my hometown has increased by two percent the past two
months.
A.during B.till C.at D.on
16.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模)—We’ll have a watch a movie after the exam. When shall we meet
—Let’s make it ________ half past nine ________ the morning of June 29.
A.at, on B./, on C.at, in
17.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测)Taiwan Island is ________ the southeast of China, and ________ the east of Fujian province.
A.in; to B.on; to C.in; on
18.(2022·广西贵港·统考二模)—How long have your parents lived abroad
—________ 2006.
A.Since B.While C.Until D.Before
19.(2022·湖北十堰·统考一模)The opening of 24th Winter Olympics Games was held in Beijing ________ the evening of February 4th, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.for
20.(2022·云南昆明·统考二模)Kunming Metro Line 5 (地铁5号线) will start operation ________ 2022.
A.on B.at C.in D.for
21.(2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.
A.on B.by C.over D.under
22.(2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题)All the students have gone to the science museum ________ Tom. Because he is ill.
A.except B.besides C.expect
23.(2022·四川成都·统考中考真题)My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl _______ chopsticks.
A.in B.on C.with
24.(2022·青海·统考中考真题)—Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest restroom is
—Go ________ the hallway and turn left, it’s across ________ the teachers’ office.
A.along; from B.to; of C.down; to
25.(2022·四川·统考中考真题)The boy was born ________ 2014.
A.at B.in C.by D.on
26.(2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题)—Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day
—It is ________ April 23 every year.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
27.(2022·山东济南·统考中考真题)World Book Day is ________ April 23 every year.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
28.(2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—World Book Day is________ April 23rd every year.
—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
29.(2022·辽宁营口·统考中考真题)Su Yiming got his gold medal of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ________ the afternoon of February 15th.
A.on B.in C.at D.for
30.(2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题)The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls _______ May.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
31.(2022·北京·统考中考真题)We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
32.(2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题)I usually get up ________ 6:30 in the morning. And you
A.at B.on C.in D.for
33.(2022·辽宁·统考中考真题)We’re glad to see that Shenzhou-14 rose into the sky ________ June 5, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
34.(2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)Maria went skating with her friends in the park ________ a sunny morning.
A.at B.in C.on
35.(2022·湖北·统考中考真题)—I’m going to Disneyland ________ two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun!
A.to B.in C.at D.on
36.(2022·河北·统考中考真题)Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river.
A.at B.in C.of D.by
37.(2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)________ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
A.on B.In C.At D.With
38.(2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题)Shenzhou XIII came back to Earth safely ________ April 16th, 2022.
A.at B.on C.in
39.(2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)Mingming will have a class meeting _______ 3:30 this afternoon.
A.on B.in C.at
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