备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（2）（含答案详解）

备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（2）
课时作业编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark, but he was wrong in one prediction that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s,40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy but because families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good", quickly followed by “I'm hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning - running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones - but it's certainly worth trying.
1.Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A. To make comparisons. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument. D. To provide examples.
2.What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A. Plain laziness. B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time. D. Security concerns.
3.Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A. She can get relaxed after work. B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son's study. D. She can know her son better.
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.increasing adj. _____________ adv. increasingly越来越多地；渐增地 n. increase增加，增长；提高 vi. _____________增加，增大；繁殖
2.decline v. _____________ n. declination倾斜；偏差；衰微
3.deprivation n. _____________ vt. deprive使丧失，剥夺
4.scholar n. _____________； 同义词：student；academic
5._____________ adj. 出乎意料的 词根：expect动词； n. _____________期待；预期；指望 adv. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地； as expected _____________
6.parental adj. _____________ n. parent父亲（或母亲）；父母亲 adj. parentless无父母的 parenthood亲子关系；父母身分
7.made predictions about _____________
8.to avoid being overweight _____________
9._____________ 为…付钱
10.with limited public transport _____________
11.The other side of the coin _____________
12.local surroundings _____________
13._____________ 理解
14.parent-accompanied _____________
15._____________ 进行比较
16._____________ 安全问题
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
They have hopes of _____________ (increase) trade between the two regions.
Farmers were supposed to get an income _____________ (compare) to that of townspeople.
She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar _____________.(surround)
In March and April, the weather is much less _____________.(predict)
Now you can get the _____________ (decline)of the sun in this way.
They were horrified at this _____________ (expect) turn of events.
This government is committed to extending _____________ (parent) choice in education.
Financial _____________ (secure) was high on his list of priorities.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
Not many people agree with the government's prediction that the economy will improve._____________
It is impossible to predict what will happen._____________
Predictably, the new regulations proved unpopular._____________
The shell surrounding the egg has many important functions._____________
We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy._____________
As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. _____________
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's._____________
Comparing with many other candidates for the position, I have a great advantage which is I have studied in Switzerland._____________
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different._____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark, but he was wrong in one prediction that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.The decline is not because we have all become lazy but because families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
2. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
3. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
4. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
词汇与句型积累：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（2）参考答案
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
本文通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
1.推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent. (今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%)” 说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport. (家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区)”可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中 “But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more. (但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多)” 说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选D项。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.increasing adj. 不断增长的 adv. increasingly越来越多地；渐增地 n. increase增加，增长；提高 vi. increase增加，增大；繁殖
2.decline v. 减少；衰落；下降 n. declination倾斜；偏差；衰微
3.deprivation n. 剥夺；丧失；匮乏 vt. deprive使丧失，剥夺
4.scholar n. 学生； 同义词：student；academic
5.unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 词根：expect动词； n. expectation期待；预期；指望 adv. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地； as expected 不出所料；正如预期的
6.parental adj. 父母的 n. parent父亲（或母亲）；父母亲 adj. parentless无父母的 parenthood亲子关系；父母身分
7.made predictions about 做出预测
8.to avoid being overweight 避免超重
9.pay for 为…付钱
10.with limited public transport 具备有限的公共交通
11.The other side of the coin 问题的另一面
12.local surroundings 当地环境
13.making sense of 理解
14.parent-accompanied 父母陪伴的
15.make comparisons 进行比较
16.security concerns 安全问题
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
They have hopes of increasing (increase) trade between the two regions.
Farmers were supposed to get an income comparable (compare) to that of townspeople.
She felt uneasy in the unfamiliar surroundings.(surround)
In March and April, the weather is much less predictable.(predict)
Now you can get the declination (decline)of the sun in this way.
They were horrified at this unexpected (expect) turn of events.
This government is committed to extending parental (parent) choice in education.
Financial security (secure) was high on his list of priorities.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
Not many people agree with the government's prediction that the economy will improve.预测；预告
It is impossible to predict what will happen.预知
Predictably, the new regulations proved unpopular.正如所预料
The shell surrounding the egg has many important functions.围绕
We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy.周围的
As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. 围绕；环绕
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's.比较；对比
Comparing with many other candidates for the position, I have a great advantage which is I have studied in Switzerland.相比较
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.对比；相比
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.分析：but连接两个并列句；第一个并列句中的主语部分是His predictions，谓语部分是were close t；第二个并列句中that连接同位语从句。
翻译：他关于人口增长放缓、移动电话和身高增加的预测接近目标，但他有一个预测是错误的，即所有人每天都会走10英里。
2.分析：定语从句they need to avoid being overweight.修饰先行词the physical activity。
翻译：如今，在澳大利亚，大多数儿童平均要跌倒2000步，达不到他们为了避免超重所需的体育运动量。
3.分析：两个because引导的表语从句由not...but...连接。在with 的复合结构中：with both parents working...working...living三个宾语补足语使用现在分词表示主动。
翻译：这种下降不是因为我们都变得懒惰，而是因为家庭时间紧迫，许多家庭的父母都要工作来支付他们的房子，通常工作时间不是他们自己选择的，生活在依赖汽车的社区，公共交通有限。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
1.推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
词汇与句型积累：
1.arrival n. 到达；到达者/物
2.absolutely adv. 完全地，彻底地；（用于强调）确实地，绝对地
3.fantastic adj. 极好的；奇异的
4.adorable adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的
5.candidate n. 应试者；适合…的人/物
6.critically adv. 危急地；严重地
7.endangered adj. （动物、鸟类等）濒危的，濒于灭绝的
8.status n. 地位；身份
9.runs a programme 运行一个项目
10.at the reserve 在保护区
11.were delighted with 对......很高兴
12.in captivity 人工驯养
13.protected areas 保护区
14.It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
分析：but as soon as连接状语从句；that连接表语从句；现在分词短语exploring and playing作为伴随状语。
翻译：对他们来说，外面还是太冷了，但一旦天气变暖，我相信这个小家伙会每天出去探险和玩耍。”