备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（3）（含答案详解）

备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（3）
课时作业编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr. Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans.” said Dr. Hobaiter.
Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
1. what do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr. Hobaiter
A. Memorizing specific words. B.Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate. D. Communicating messages on purpose.
2. What did Dr. Shultz think of the study
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
3. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last sentence mean
A. Difference. B. Conflict. C. Balance. D. Connection.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Chimpanzee behavior study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.communicate v. _____________； → n. _____________通讯，[通信] 通信；交流
2._____________ adj. 明确的；独特的 → adv. specifically_____________ → vt. specify指定；详细说明
3.film v. _____________ → adj. filmy朦胧的；薄膜的；薄的 → n. _____________电影摄制者; → plastic film 塑料薄膜；塑胶膜; → _____________ 电影节
4.intentional adj. _____________(词根词缀： in-朝,向 + -tent-延伸 + -ion + -al); → n. _____________ 意图，目的 → v. _____________ 想要；意指，意思是; → adj.intended故意的，有意的
5.deliberately adv. _____________ → adj. _____________故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的 → vt. deliberate仔细考虑；商议
6.previous adj. _____________ → adv. _____________以前；预先；仓促地
7.complex adj. _____________ → n. complexity复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物
8.signaling n. _____________ → n. sign迹象；符号；记号；手势 → _____________署名；签名；信号 → adj. signal显著的；作为信号的
9.meaningful adj. _____________ → adj. meaningless无意义的；无目的的 → vt. _____________意味；想要；意欲
10.evolutionary adj. _____________ → n. evolution演变；进化论；进展 → vi. _____________发展，进展；进化
11.praiseworthy adj. _____________ → vt. _____________赞美，歌颂；表扬 → adj. praiseful值得赞扬的；赞不绝口的
12.vagueness n. _____________ → adj. _____________模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的 → adv. vaguely含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地
13._____________ v. 表达；传送 → adj. conveyable_____________ → n. conveyor输送机，[机] 传送机；传送带
14.non-verbal adj. _____________
15.in that respect _____________
16.in one case _____________
17._____________ 在寻求
18._____________ 超出， 超载
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Competition among species is of considerable _____________ (evolution)importance.
Women who are the victims of _____________ (intended)discrimination will be able to get compensation.
She believes these talks will be the start of a constructive and _____________ (meaning)dialogue.
Role-play is helpful in developing _____________ (communicate) skills.
We haven't _____________ (specific) targeted school children.
The speech was _____________ (deliberate) designed to embarrass the prime minister.
His statement ran athwart what was _____________ (previous) said.
He had lost all that dreamy _____________ (vague) and indecision.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
Many fairy tales have profound meanings, and they're not intended for children only._____________
The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image._____________
He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa._____________
The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character. _____________
Having a child gave new meaning to their lives._____________
Is there any means of contacting him _____________
What she means is that there's no point in waiting here._____________
The seeds were not meant for human consumption._____________
In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution_____________
That's what's meant by evolutionary potential._____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.
Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.
As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A.M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began.
Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.
What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if it’s the only way.
1. What motivated the author to start her writing career
A. Her strong wish to share. B. Her keen interest in writing.
C. Her urgent need to make a living. D. Her passionate desire for fame.
2. What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing
A. She was too exhausted to write after a busy day. B. She had trouble in deciding on her writing style.
C. She had to take time to discipline her daughter. D. She was unsure about her writing skills.
3. Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway
A. In case the clock in her room broke down. B. In case she failed to hear the ringing.
C. To force herself out of bed. D. To wake up her family.
4. How did the author manage to finish her novel
A. By sticking to writing every morning. B. By writing when her mind was most active.
C. By drawing inspirations from classic novels. D. By reducing her teaching hours at school.
5. What can we learn from the author's success in her writing career
A. It is never too late to change your job. B. Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.
C. A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action. D. Daily life provides ideas for creative writing.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（3）参考答案
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
本文主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr. Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段中的 “Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
3.词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
1.communicate v. 沟通, 交流； n. communication通讯，[通信] 通信；交流
2.specific adj. 明确的；独特的 adv. specifically特别地；明确地 vt. specify指定；详细说明
3.film v. 拍摄（电影） adj. filmy朦胧的；薄膜的；薄的 n. filmmaker电影摄制者; plastic film 塑料薄膜；塑胶膜; film festival 电影节
4.intentional adj. 有意的，故意的(词根词缀： in-朝,向 + -tent-延伸 + -ion + -al); n. intention 意图，目的 v. intend 想要；意指，意思是; adj.intended故意的，有意的
5.deliberately adv. 有意地；从容地 adj. deliberate故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的 vt. deliberate仔细考虑；商议
6.previous adj. 先前的；以前的 adv. previously以前；预先；仓促地
7.complex adj. 复杂的 n. complexity复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物
8.signaling n. 打信号，发信号 n. sign迹象；符号；记号；手势 signature署名；签名；信号 adj. signal显著的；作为信号的
9.meaningful adj. 意味深长的；有意义的 adj. meaningless无意义的；无目的的 vt. mean意味；想要；意欲
10.evolutionary adj. 进化的，发展的 n. evolution演变；进化论；进展 vi. evolve发展，进展；进化
11.praiseworthy adj. 值得表扬的 vt. praise赞美，歌颂；表扬 adj. praiseful值得赞扬的；赞不绝口的
12.vagueness n. 暧昧，含糊 adj. vague模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的 adv. vaguely含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地
13.convey v. 表达；传送 adj. conveyable可传达的；可搬运的；可转让的 n. conveyor输送机，[机] 传送机；传送带
14.non-verbal adj. 非言语交际的
15.in that respect 在这方面, 在那方面
16.in one case 有一次
17.in seeking 在寻求
18.go beyond 超出， 超载
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Competition among species is of considerable evolutionary (evolution)importance.
Women who are the victims of intentional (intended)discrimination will be able to get compensation.
She believes these talks will be the start of a constructive and meaningful (meaning)dialogue.
Role-play is helpful in developing communication (communicate) skills.
We haven't specifically (specific) targeted school children.
The speech was deliberately (deliberate) designed to embarrass the prime minister.
His statement ran athwart what was previously (previous) said.
He had lost all that dreamy vagueness (vague) and indecision.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
Many fairy tales have profound meanings, and they're not intended for children only.用来……；目的在于
The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image.打算做……
He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa.打算；计划
The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character. 想要
Having a child gave new meaning to their lives.（人生的）意义，价值，目标
Is there any means of contacting him 方式；方法；途径
What she means is that there's no point in waiting here.意思是；本意是
The seeds were not meant for human consumption.为…而做的
In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution演变；渐进
That's what's meant by evolutionary potential.进化
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.分析：插入语she said,把主谓部分分开；关系副词where连接定语从句，修饰先行词a system of communication。
翻译：她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一种沟通系统，它们会故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。
2.分析：连词Although连接让步状语从句；that连接宾语从句。
翻译：虽然之前的研究表明，猿类和猴子可以从另一种动物的叫声中理解复杂的信息，但这些动物似乎并没有故意使用它们的声音来交流信息。
3.分析：suggests之后的两个宾语从句，由并列连词either...or连接；过去分词contained作为定语，表示被动。
翻译：手势含义的模糊性表明，要么是黑猩猩没有什么可以交流的，要么是我们仍然忽略了它们手势和行动中包含的很多信息。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
1.节理解题。根据文章第一段“When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language.” 当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。
2.节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm's reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. ”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。
5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。
词汇与句型积累：
1.urgent adj. 紧急的；催促的，急切的
2.campus n. 校园，校区
3.freshman n. （中学或大学的）一年级学生
4.compose v. 构思；创作；撰写
5.silence v. 使安静
6.was awoken 被惊醒
7.had trouble in doing 在做某事上有困难
8.in this manner 以这样方式
9.in control 在控制之下
10.the initial sense of urgency 最初的紧迫感
11.dies away 消失
12.It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing.
分析：It was...that...是一个强调句型。
翻译：直到我追随这种感觉的源头，我才发现我对写作有热情。
13.Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.
分析：have been following现在完成进行时，表示从过去那天早晨起，到现在一直没有中断过，到现在还要继续下去；not making or accepting是现在分词的否定形式，是伴随状语。
翻译：从1978年的第一个早上起，我就一直在养成这个习惯，不找或接受很多借口
14.If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.
分析：虚拟语气句型，条件句对应过去时间，主句对应的时间是现在，主从句时间不一致，是错综条件句。
翻译：如果我等着有时间，我还会等着写我的小说。