备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（5）（含答案详解）

备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（5）
课时作业编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
1. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript
A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
2. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________.
A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen
C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers
3. Why does the author mention museums
A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science.
C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasis the values of hand skills.
4. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
re-create v. _____________ → 同近义词reconstruct; rebuild → 词根：create; → adj. _____________创造性的 → adv. creatively创造性地；有创造力地 → n. creation_____________ → creativity创造力；创造性
long-forgotten _____________ → forget oneself 忘我，忘乎所以；失去知觉
manuscript n. _____________(词根词缀： -manu-手 + -script-写)
old-fashioned adj. _____________ → 词根：fashion ; → adj. _____________流行的；时髦的；上流社会的 → adv. fashionably赶时髦地；按照流行地
reconstruction n. _____________ → vt. _____________重建；改造；修复；重现 → adj. reconstructed重建的；改造的 → reconstructive重建的；改造的
craftsman n. _____________(craft's + -man); n. craftsmanship技术；技艺
reveal v. _____________ → adj. revealing透露真情的
present-day adj. _____________ (同近义词modern; current; now)
drug-resistant adj. _____________ → vi. resist抵抗，抗拒；忍耐 → n. _____________阻力；电阻；抵抗
preserve v. _____________ → n. preservation保存，保留 → adj. _____________可保存的；能储藏的
highlight v. _____________
hands-on adj. _____________
handiness n. _____________ → adj. handy便利的；手边的，敏捷的 → adv. handily_____________
remain mysterious _____________
be struck mainly by _____________
get an understanding of _____________
bring insights for _____________
_____________ 磨平；磨光
_____________ 在实践中
put the manuscript's ideas into practice _____________
_____________ 使得......复活，重现生机
_____________ 成形，初具规模；形成
to better bend light _____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The paintings were in an excellent state of _____________. (preserve)
It is excellent for its _____________ (handy) , elegance and beauty.
The match is likely to prove one of the _____________ (highlight)of the tournament.
He laughed, _____________ (reveal)a line of white teeth.
Yet the next stage of _____________ (reconstruct) will be crucial.
Children's suncare products are normally _____________.(water-resist)
There's nothing _____________ (mystery) about cooking the evening meal.
This book contributes little to our _____________ (understand) of the subject.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
The report highlights the major problems facing society today. _____________
I've highlighted the important passages in yellow. _____________
It should highlight what you have to offer the company, such as a specific skill or experience. _____________
A survey of the American diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight._____________
It was revealed that important evidence had been suppressed. _____________
Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position. _____________
He was anxious to preserve his reputation. _____________
Is he really 60 He's remarkably well preserved . _____________
The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Children should learn a second language. B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（5）
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
re-create v. 改造，重新创造 同近义词reconstruct; rebuild 词根：create; adj. creative创造性的 adv. creatively创造性地；有创造力地 n. creation创造；创作物，产物 creativity创造力；创造性
long-forgotten 长期被遗忘的 forget oneself 忘我，忘乎所以；失去知觉
manuscript n. 手稿；原稿；底稿；手写本(词根词缀： -manu-手 + -script-写)
old-fashioned adj. 过时的；守旧的 词根：fashion ; adj. fashionable流行的；时髦的；上流社会的 adv. fashionably赶时髦地；按照流行地
reconstruction n. 重建；复原物 vt. reconstruct重建；改造；修复；重现 adj. reconstructed重建的；改造的 reconstructive重建的；改造的
craftsman n. 工匠；手艺人；名匠；技工(craft's + -man); n. craftsmanship技术；技艺
reveal v. 揭示；展示 adj. revealing透露真情的
present-day adj. 现在的；当今的，现代的 (同近义词modern; current; now)
drug-resistant adj. 耐药的，抗药的 vi. resist抵抗，抗拒；忍耐 n. resistance阻力；电阻；抵抗
preserve v. 保持；保护；腌制 n. preservation保存，保留 adj. preservable可保存的；能储藏的
highlight v. 突出，强调；（使）醒目
hands-on adj. 亲自实践的；实际动手操作的
handiness n. 巧妙，轻便，敏捷 adj. handy便利的；手边的，敏捷的 adv. handily敏捷地；灵巧地
remain mysterious 保持神秘
be struck mainly by 主要对......感到震惊
get an understanding of 了解
bring insights for 洞悉；领悟；顿悟......
wear down 磨平；磨光
in practice with 在实践中
put the manuscript's ideas into practice 把手稿的想法付诸实践
bring ... to life 使得......复活，重现生机
take shape 成形，初具规模；形成
to better bend light 为了改善曲光（能见度）
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. (preserve)
It is excellent for its handiness (handy) , elegance and beauty.
The match is likely to prove one of the highlights (highlight)of the tournament.
He laughed, revealing (reveal)a line of white teeth.
Yet the next stage of reconstruction (reconstruct) will be crucial.
Children's suncare products are normally water-resistant.(water-resist)
There's nothing mysterious (mystery) about cooking the evening meal.
This book contributes little to our understanding (understand) of the subject.
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
The report highlights the major problems facing society today. 强调
I've highlighted the important passages in yellow. 使醒目
It should highlight what you have to offer the company, such as a specific skill or experience. 突出
A survey of the American diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.透露; 显示
It was revealed that important evidence had been suppressed. 透露
Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position. 披露
He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 维护
Is he really 60 He's remarkably well preserved . 保养
The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 保护
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.分析：三个现在分词短语：doing research作为时间状语； consisting of用作定语修饰manuscript； covering 用作定语修饰instructions。
翻译：在为她的新书做研究时，她偶然发现了一份16世纪的法国手稿，其中包括近1000套说明书，涵盖了从工具制作到寻找最好的沙子的主题。
2.分析：同位语从句that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills修饰the fact；定语从句the author described修饰先行词the skills。
翻译：但让史密斯震惊的主要事实是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。
3.分析：定语从句who lived centuries ago修饰先行词the craftsmen；三个连接词how，what，and what连接了reveal的宾语从句；定语从句that produced them修饰先行词the workshops。动名词短语Reconstructing the work作为谓语动词can reveal的主语。
翻译：重建生活在几个世纪前的工匠们的作品，可以揭示他们是如何看待这个世界的，他们的家中充满了什么东西，以及在生产它们的车间里发生了什么。
4.分析：双重否定形式can't...without表达肯定含意；状语从句as they originally appeared表示方式；同位语something之后有定语从句Smith believes you can do，时间状语从句when you have a road map。
翻译：我们不看到最初出现的艺术品，就不能欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为只有有了路线图才能做到。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
词汇与句型积累：
1.beloved adj. 深爱的；钟爱的
2.packed up 收拾，整理，打包
3.at a loss 不知所措；亏本；困惑；神思恍惚
4.out of place 不恰当；不协调
5.caught a few of his glances 他瞥了几眼
6.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .
分析：where连接非限制性定语从句；现在分词ringing作为宾语补足语。
翻译：南岸位于泰晤士河东部的一个拐弯处，是英国滑板运动的中心，在那里滑板持续不断的碰撞让你的头不停地转。
7.Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man.
分析：when连接时间状语从句；and连接并列句；现在分词短语damaging作为结果状语。
翻译：有一次，当我在单杆上尝试一个技能时，我摔倒在石头上，损坏了我手上一根神经，托比过来扶我起来：安全了，伙计。