备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（6）（含答案详解）

备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（6）
课时作业编辑说明
在语篇阅读中，宁做反刍的牛，不做贪吃的鱼。缺乏主动钻研的阅读，表现为“走马观花”，没有思维深度地刷题，用身体的疲惫掩盖思维的惰性，达不到“滴水穿石”的效果。有效的阅读需要学生有较高的专注度和自制力，有效的阅读过程就是提高认知重塑心智的过程。所以，阅读中要避免“猴子掰苞米”式的刷题，阅读之后需要及时回顾语篇的主旨、及时巩固语篇中的重点词汇句型等，力求完美收官。
本系列课时作业，通过再开发近三年的高考英语真题，引导学生对语篇进行限时阅读和精深理解，以追求阅读的速度和理解的深度。每个课时分为三个步骤展开，对学生进行“纠偏式”训练，第一步完成“考场式”快速阅读，第二步进行“精读式”精深理解，第三步开展模仿训练。引导学生阅读之后突出重点单词、词块在语境中的精准理解和拓展应用，以及长难句结构分析和翻译，培养学生精深阅读的习惯，训练学生有效处理语篇的能力，在语境中积累基础知识，提高语篇阅读的有效性。
第一步. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在短文中标注选择答案的依据。
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A. propose a definition B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. present an argument
2. What does the example of Galileo tell us
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority. D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A. Observe the unknown around you. B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure. D. Follow the fashion.
4. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A. You should remain modest when approaching perfection. B. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
5. What could be the best tile or the passage
A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement D. Never Too Late to Learn
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
quality n. _____________ → (同近义词talent, capability, ability, identity, character)
leap vi. _____________ → adj. leaping跳跃的，跳跃而行的 → leap year _____________
hesitation n. _____________ → vi. _____________踌躇，犹豫 → adj. hesitant迟疑的；踌躇的
modestly adv. _____________ → adj. _____________谦虚的，谦逊的
arrangement _____________ → vi. _____________安排；排列；协商 → adj. arranged安排的
ambition n. _____________ → adj. _____________野心勃勃的；有雄心的 → adv. ambitiously雄心勃勃地
vary v. _____________ → adj. _____________ 各种各样的 → adv. variously不同地；多方面地 → n. _____________ 多样化，变化；种类，品种
recapture _____________
count for _____________
_____________ 有影响；产生差别
curiosity and discontent _____________
an outstanding man _____________
_____________ 一般人；普通人
_____________ 随大流，从众
occupy our own little corner _____________
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other _____________. (variously)
The _____________ (urge)of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.
When she has a little spare time she enjoys _____________ (arrange)dried flowers.
Call me _____________ (urge)if you have anything to report.
After the slightest _____________ (hesitate), I walked over and asked if I could help her find something.
He is the model of us. We should learn from him _____________.(modest)
He professed to be content with the _____________. (arrange)
There is a large _____________ (vary) of good, inexpensive restaurants.
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of _____________.(ambitiously)
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
As they're handmade, each one varies slightly. _____________
Mark, however, needs to travel extensively with his varied business interests. _____________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. _____________
The artist has painted the scene from various viewpoints. _____________
He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano. _____________
I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. _____________
They had an arrangement that the children would spend two weeks with each parent. _____________
There happens to be a particular urgency in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules. _____________
They urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme. _____________
There is an urgent need for food and shelter for these displaced people. _____________
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
3. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
词汇与句型积累：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
备战2023近三年2020-2022年高考英语试题再开发通用版课时卷（6）
参考答案
第一步 语篇解析：
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
第二步. 精深语篇
A）请写出下列词语在语篇中的含义、派生词、近义词(组)，或根据汉语写英语：
quality n. 特性；素质；品质 (同近义词talent, capability, ability, identity, character)
leap vi. 跳；冲动的行动 adj. leaping跳跃的，跳跃而行的 leap year 闰年, 闰二月
hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇；含糊 vi. hesitate踌躇，犹豫 adj. hesitant迟疑的；踌躇的
modestly adv. 谦虚地，审慎地 adj. modest谦虚的，谦逊的
arrangement n. 安排；布置 vi. arrange安排；排列；协商 adj. arranged安排的
ambition n. 追求，理想；雄心，野心 adj. ambitious野心勃勃的；有雄心的 adv. ambitiously雄心勃勃地
vary v. 不同；变化，变异 adj. various 各种各样的 adv. variously不同地；多方面地 n. variety 多样化，变化；种类，品种
recapture vt. 重新捕获[夺回]；重温
count for 有价值，有重要性
make the difference 有影响；产生差别
curiosity and discontent 好奇心和不满足
an outstanding man 杰出人物
an average man 一般人；普通人
follow the crowd 随大流，从众
occupy our own little corner 寓于自己的安乐窝
B）请阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable. (variously)
The urgency (urge)of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.
When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging (arrange)dried flowers.
Call me urgently (urge)if you have anything to report.
After the slightest hesitation (hesitate), I walked over and asked if I could help her find something.
He is the model of us. We should learn from him modestly.(modest)
He professed to be content with the arrangement. (arrange)
There is a large variety (vary) of good, inexpensive restaurants.
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.(ambitiously)
C）请写出下列句中划线单词的意义：
As they're handmade, each one varies slightly. 各不相同
Mark, however, needs to travel extensively with his varied business interests. 各种各样的
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 多种式样
The artist has painted the scene from various viewpoints. 各种各样的
He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano. 改编
I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. 安排
They had an arrangement that the children would spend two weeks with each parent. 商定
There happens to be a particular urgency in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules. 紧急情况
They urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme. 敦促
There is an urgent need for food and shelter for these displaced people. 紧急的
D）长难句理解：1.划主干,找出关联词,判断从句类型,理解主从句的附属成分; 2.翻译句子
1.分析：when连接时间状语从句中，dropped和timed是两个并列谓语。
翻译：当伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体，并计算它们落地的时间，他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。
2.分析：once连接省略句；we think后面的宾语从句中，主句是一个感叹句，条件句省去了If，是一个与过去情况对应的虚拟语气句型。
翻译：但我们一旦遇见并喜欢上了他们，我们就会想，如果我们错过了这个机会，那该有多糟糕。
3.分析：However连接状语从句；for连接一个并列句；no better time to start than与never be more alive than是并列的比较结构。
翻译：无论你如何开始，请记住，没有比现在开始是更好的时间，因为你永远不会比此时此刻更有活力。
第三步. 模仿训练
步骤: 1.做阅读理解题; 2.标注出重点词汇与句型，并整理在下面的线格处; 3.分析长难句。
这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
1.推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius （谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
词汇与句型积累：
absolutely adv. 完全地，彻底地；（用于强调）确实地，绝对地
perseverance n. 毅力 ；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
unacknowledged adj. 不被承认的，未答复的
go beyond 超出
set the standards 制定标准
admission to 允许进入
even worse 更糟糕的是
act on 奉行，遵行
become discouraged 灰心丧气
give up 放弃；投降
be positioned to 位于...
Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us
分析：it is ... that强调句
翻译：为什么有些人比我们其他人更聪明或更有创造力呢？
And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
分析：the more...the more...越......越......
翻译：我们看得越多，我们就越会看到，像性别、种族和阶级等社会因素（因素）并不能决定天才的外表。