中考英语重点单词、短语用法归类（表格式）

中考英语：重点单词、短语用法归类：
◆1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth . 某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money . ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater . He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone . It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day . 　 ◆2 . thanks for　为…而感谢　　　　⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party .thanks to 多亏/由于⑵______ your help .I got good grades . ◆3 . 感叹句 ：多么… what + 名词 how + 形容词 / 副词 ______ bad weather ！ ⑵. ______ hard he works ！ ⑶. ______ fresh vegetables ！ ⑷. ______ cute a monkey it is ！ ◆4 . 因为、由于 ： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 ) because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to ⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache . He was late for class ______ the bad weather . He can’t come _____ he is ill . Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .※ because和 so不能同时连用 . ◆5 . 来自 ： be from = come from ⑴ Where are you from = Where ______ you ______ ______ ⑵ He is from Tibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet . ◆6 . How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语 How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语 How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段How far 询问多长距离（多长） ⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites -For ten years .⑵- ______ do you go shopping -Sometimes.⑶ - ______ will your father come back - In two years . ⑷- _____ do you exercise - Once a week . ⑸- _____ is it from your home to school - About ten miles . ⑹- _____ are you staying there - Two weeks . ◆7 . 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语 by+交通工具= on a 交通工具 在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus .⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ . ※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car ◆8 . 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ）Sorry ( 表示道歉 ) ⑴ ______ .Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ⑵– Would you mind cleaning your room - ______ . I’ll do it right away .⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .⑷ _____ , is this the way to the station ◆9 . 声音 ： sound ( 自然界各种声音 ) noise（噪音）voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子） ⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ . ⑵That ______ like a good idea . ⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping . ◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像… ) be like （ 性格像… ） ⑴ Lily _____ _____ Lucy . Oh , they are twins . ⑵ Tony ______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful . ◆11 . take… to … 带去 bring… to … 带来 fetch 没有方向性（强调来回） ⑴ Tony . ______ the ball here .Please . ⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays . ⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow . ◆12. 一些 ： some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 ⑴ I’d like ______ milk . ⑵ – Would you like ______ yogurt _ Thanks . I don’t want ______ . ※ 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some . ◆13. 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 ⑴ ______ juice do you want ⑵ ______ apples do you want ⑶- ______ is the T-shirt –It’s 30 yuan . ※ How much 可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ◆14． 看 ：see 强调看的结果 look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作 watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影 read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志 ⑴ Don’t ______ in bed . ⑵ We will ______ a basketball game this evening . ⑶ Please ______ the blackboard . Everyone . ⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday . ※ On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show . On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie ◆15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking . stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 ⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest . ◆16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：△forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→ He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school .forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：△forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→ He forgot turning off the light . (已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ◆17. 到达… reach + 地点 get to + 地点 reach = get to arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 ⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . = He ______ in London yesterday . ⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should ______ ( get ) home on time . ※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to◆18. 擅长，在…方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in . ⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry . ⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin . ⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily .but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy . ◆19. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。⑴ Which team ______ the football match ⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles . ◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。⑴ Can you lend me your bike = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow your brother ____ ____. ⑶ - How long can I ______ the book - You can _____ it for two weeks .※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — beleave — be away from open — be open begin — be ondie — be dead return — be back① become He has ______ a doctor . He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .② begin The film has ______ . The film has _________ for ten minutes .◆21. 能，会。be able to can ※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。 ⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow . ⑵ I can ______ (play) the guitar . ⑶ He ______ able to play chess . ◆22. too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house .too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin .much too 太 — 后跟形容词或副词原级 → This coat is much too expensive . ⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health .⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out .⑶ There are ______ ______ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous . ◆23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京) have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)have / has been in / at 在某地 ⑴ I have ever _______ ______ America twice .⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years .⑶ – Where is your brother - He ______ ______ to Hainan .⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ◆24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .be（get）used to doing sth .习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early .be used to do sth = be used for doing sth . 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing .⑴ Xiao Gang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark .⑵ The broom is ______ ______ clean the room . = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room .⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well .⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper . ◆25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于） be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）⑴ It must ______ Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning .⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______ (my) .⑶ This ball ______ to me .= This ball is ______ .◆26. can’t 不可能 0 表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪must 肯定、一定 100﹪⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music .⑵ The notebook ______ be mine .It has my name on it .⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man .◆27. be made from （由…制成）看不出原材料be made of （由…制成）看得出原材料⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood .⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood . ◆28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢…而不喜欢…prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…⑴ I prefer ______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls . ⑵ He _______ fish to beef .⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work . ◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： —ed 修饰人—ing 修饰物⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) .⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story . (interesting/interested )※ interesting (有趣的) — interested（感兴趣的） tiring(累人的)— tired（累的，疲倦的） boring （令人无聊的）— bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）— excited（激动的） surprising（令人惊讶的） — surprised（惊讶的）relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed（放松的） embarrassing (令人尴尬的；令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的；为难的)◆30. the number of + 名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。 a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 .⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School .◆31. for + 一段时间since + 时间点/过去时的句子⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years .⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old . .⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago . ※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ .◆32. 除…之外 except （不包括在内）→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .besides （包括在内）→There are three girls besides me .⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang .⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun .◆33. already 用于肯定句中（已经）yet 用于疑问句末（已经）用于否定句末（还）⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______ .⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers .◆34. 否定祈使句 Don’t + v. No + v.ing / n.⑴ Don’t smoke here . = ______ ______ here . ⑵ Don’t take photos. = ______ ______ .◆35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too either 放否定句末also 放肯定句中※ also放在实意动词前，be之后。⑴ She is a girl . I am a girl .______ . ⑵ He ______ likes collecting things .⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food . Her good friend doesn’t like it . _______ .⑷ - I like soap operas . – I do , _____ .⑸ - I can’t watch TV on school nights . – I can’t , _____ .◆36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth . 对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students .◆37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人need doing sth 主语是物⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning . It’s too dirty . ⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot .⑶ It’s very hot and dry . You need ______（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need ______ (water) .◆38. through →介词: 从内部穿过 (park)across →介词：从表面穿过 cross →动词（road. street. bridge）⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street . ⑵ The man went ______ the forest .⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel (隧道) . ⑷ He swam _____ the river .⑸ We drove _____ the desert (沙漠) . ⑹ Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue .◆39. Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth . 提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth . Let’s do sth .⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ⑵ Let’s _____ (go) out for a walk . ⑶ How about _____ (practice) conversations ◆40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（…也是如此）Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（…也不）※ 它们都属于倒装句。⑴ My mother didn’t go to school .______ ______ my father .⑵ James comes from the USA .______ ______ Tom .⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese . ______ ______ I . = Me ______ .⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing . ______ ______ I .= Me ______ .◆41. both 两者都all三者或三者以上都⑴ The twins _____ are good students .⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets .⑶ There are five people in my family . We ______ like playing sports . My parents ______ love us . We are very happy .◆42. alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home .lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country .⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends .⑵ She lives _____ in that large house .◆43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree .on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree .⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree .◆44. in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面⑴ There is a map _____ the wall .⑵ There is a door _____ the wall .◆45. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed . in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed .⑴ There is a jacket ___________ .⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock .◆46. 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此…以至于…）so是副词，后接adj和adv .句型：△so+adj/adv+that从句→ He worked so hard that he got the first prize .△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice .such是形容词，后接n.句型：△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him .△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming . ⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’ catch him . ⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her .⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question .⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it .※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：He is so young that he can’t go to school .= He is too young to go to school .= He is not old enough to go to school .◆47. 引导时间状语从句 ：when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .while+延续性动词（多用进行时）→While I was in Shanghai , I visited him .⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door .⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying .⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework ..◆48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five .◆49. instead 放句首、句末instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than .⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵ He doesn’t like beer .give him coke ______ .⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud .◆50. be famous as (作为…而知名) as + 职业/身份/地位 →Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl .be famous for (以…而著名) for + 出名的原因 →Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake .⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet . ⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies .⑶ France ia famous _____its fine food and wine .◆51. 看起来像是…似乎/好像… (sb/sth) seems to do sthIt seems that +从句⑴ It _____ _____ he feels very sad . = He _____ _____ _____ very sad .⑵ She seems to want to have a drink .= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink .◆52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。⑴ I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _____ _____ _____ .⑵ Idon’t know what to do . = I don’t know what _____ . A should I do B I should do⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ？= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ （天气如何）in Chongqi ◆53. 问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配。⑴ Please answer my ________ in English . ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______.⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer .◆54. family家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）→My family are kind people .home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感彩）→Welcome to my home .house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）→They moved to their new house last year .⑴ How many people are there in your _____ ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____ .⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______ .◆55. in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two persons are sitting in the front of the car .⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car . ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car .◆56. 在晚上，在夜里 at nighton + a + adj + night⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night . ⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night .◆57. 在…之间 between （两者之间）多与and连用。among（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）⑴ She is sitting ______ Lucy and Lily . ⑵ He built a house ______ the trees .◆58. sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→Sometimes I go to school by bus .some times 几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→He has been to Shanghai some times .sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→ I saw him sometime last year .some time 一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→ He will stay here for some time .⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school .⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus .⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________ .◆59. wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）→The girl in red is my sister .dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning .⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair .⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to ______ himself .⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes .※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。◆ 60. play + 球类、棋类名词（不加the ）play badminton / play chess / play computer gamesplay the +乐器名词。（必须加the） play the violin ⑴ - Do you like to play ______ football after class , Li Lei - Yes ,I do . A .a B .the C . / ⑵ Sam can’t play ________ (piano), but he can play ________ (chess) .◆61. There be 强调“某处有…”have 强调“某人有…”⑴ ________ two computers in the room . ⑵ My uncle _______ a car .※ 当表示整体与局部的关系时，there be与have可互换使用。如：There are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months . 一年有十二个月。◆62. speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .→Please say hello to him .talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈，talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 / 某事”。 →She is talking with her boss .tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb .sth. → Please tell me the time .tell sb (not) . to do sth .→ She told me to wait for her .※ tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth .⑴ From his face we could see that he was _____ a lie . ⑵ She is ______ at the meeting .⑶ Fangfang _____ she is at home . ⑷ They are ______ about the weather .⑸ He can’t _____ it in French , but he can _____ English .◆63. if引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从句 — 主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替将来。虚拟条件状语从句 — 虚拟语气⑴ If I _____ (be) a bird , I would ______ (fly) in the sky .⑵ If it _______ (not) rain ,We will climb the hill .⑶ If I _____ (win) a million dollars , I would ______ (travel) around the world .⑷ If he _____ (study) hard , he will get good grades .◆64. 强调动作 强调结果 找 look for寻找 find找到 看 look (at)看 see看见 听 listen (to)听 hear听见look for / find⑴ I am _______ my watch , but I can’t _______ it anywhere .look at / see⑴ Please _______ your books , boys and girls . ⑵ ______ ! What a playful monkey it is ! listen to / hear⑴ Don’t shout ! I can _______ you .⑵ Ann likes _______ music with her friends on weekends .◆65. ago 副词，“以前”,一段时间后接ago .before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在…以前”。⑴ I have never been there _______ .⑵ Please call me ______ you go .⑶ My brother joined the army two years ______ .⑷ Long long ______ , There was seven dwarfs（小矮人）in the forest .◆66. 别的，其他的other 修饰名词，用于名词前。→What other animals do you like else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词，放它们的后面。→What else do you have to do ⑴ You’d better ask some ______ people .⑵ There is nothing _____ on the desk .◆67. every day 每天，作状语。everyday日常的，作定语。⑴ We go to school at 7:00 ________ .⑵ What’s your ______ activity ◆68. happen 主要指偶然发生的事 take place 表示预先决定的事 ※ happen 和take place都不用于被动语态⑴ A traffic accident _______ yesterday .⑵ The May Fourth Movement (五四运动) _________ in 1919 .◆69. one … the other 一个…另一个 some … others 一些…另一些 （另一些并不包括全部） some … the others一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）⑴ I have two brothers, _____ is a teacher , _______ is a doctor .⑵ _____ students are in the classroom , ________ are out .⑶ At the party , ______ are dancing , ______ are singing◆70. be alive 作后置定语living + n. 作前置定语The old man is a great and ______ scientist .He is still ______ .◆71. on one’s + 序数词 + birthday （在某人几岁生日时） in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数 （在某人几十多岁时）⑴ Edison invented many things in his _______ (twenty) .⑵ On my ______ (twenty) birthday . I got a new mobile phone .◆72. till = until (直到) “延续性动词（肯定式）+ until”译为“直到…为止”“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到…才”⑴ He waited until ten o’clock . 翻译：____________________⑵ He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work . 翻译：____________________◆73. 疑问句+ ever = no matter + 疑问句 →引导让步状语从句：whatever = no matter what (无论什么) whenever = no matter when (无论何时) whoever = no matter who (无论谁) wherever = no matter where (无论在哪里) however = no matter how(无论如何)◆74. 数词 - 名词 - (形容词) 复合形容词作定语 数词 + 名词复数⑴ He is a two-year-old boy . = The boy is two _____ old .⑵ Look ! This is a ______ buildings .A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors⑶ We have ______ (两天) holiday .⑷ Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes .※ Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。（12岁的人）◆75. agree with sb .同意某人的意见 → I don’t agree with you . agree to sth .同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 → He agreed to my plan .◆76. believe 表示相信某人的话 → I believe you .= I believe that you say . believe in表示信任，相信···的存在 → I believe ib that man . / Believe in God .相信上帝的存在。◆77. run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光 → My money has run out . run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物 → I have run out of my money .◆78. maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语 → Maybe he will come here tomorrow . may be 或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语 → He may be from the USA ,too .※ maybe 和may be 可以互换：Maybe you are right . =You may be right .◆79. fist = first of all 第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序 → First I had to decide what to wear . at first = at the beginning 起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段 → I didn’t like this job at first .◆80. 表示时间的介词 in表示一段时间或较长时间 → in the morning / afternoon / evening in May ,2010 on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 → on Monday / on Children’s day / on Monday afternoon / on school nights at表示点时间或较短的时间 → at 8:00 / at noon / at night◆81. must （必须）表示说话人的主观意图和需求→ I have something to do , I must go now . have to（不得不，必须）表示客观需要 → It’s your turn to clean the classroom . You have to do it .※ must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须用needn’t 或don’t have to (不必) . 如：- Must I finish the housework today - No , you needn’t . / you don’t have to .◆82. at the end (后常接of)表示在某时，活动或事件等终止/结束时→She went to Japan at the end of last month .上月底他去了日本。 in the end（后不能接 of）最后，最终→ In the end we finished this job .◆83. join 表示加入某个组织、机构、团体等 → He joined the League last year . take part in 表示参加某项活动、比赛、游戏等 → She took part in the English Speech Contest yesterday .◆84. watch sb . do sth(看···做某事) → He sat down and watched Wangwang play with a lovely black cat . watch sb . doing sth (看···正在做某事) 强调动作正在进行 → I watched her dancing just now .※ 类似用法的还有这些感官动词：see / look at / hear / listen to / feel等.◆85. 该…的时候了 ： It’s time to do sth . 和 It’s time for (doing ) sth .可以互换 。 ⑴ It is time for school .= It’s time to ______ ______ school . ⑵ It’s time to study English .= It’s time ______ ______ English . ※ It’s time for sb to do sth . 如： It’s dark . It’s time for you to go home .◆86. hope+宾语从句，用陈述语序 → I hope that I can help you . wish+宾语从句，用虚拟语气 → I wish that I could help you .※ wish后跟双宾语(Wish you success !)和复合宾语，wish sb . to do sth →/ I wish you to go there with me . hope to . do sth . → I hope to go to Beijing this summer .◆87. no + n.( no是形容词) He has no dog and no family . not (not是副词)，与be动词/助动词/情态动词连用: isn’t / didn’t / can’t . → There isn’t water or air .※ no和not 可以互换:She has no pens . = She doesn’t have pens .◆88. sth be familiar to sb： 某事或某物为某人所熟悉；某物对某人是熟悉的sb be familiar with sth： 某人熟悉某物