仁爱版英语初一国际音标教学课件(共73张PPT)

(共73张PPT)
Phonetic symbols
音标
国际音标
｛
元音
分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。
单元音
双元音
前元音
中元音
后元音
｛
/i:/, / /, /e/, / /
/ :/, / /, / /
/u:/, / /, / :/, / /, /ɑ:/
/e /, /a /, / /, / /, /a /, / /, /e /, / /
辅音
爆破音
磨檫音
鼻音
半元音
舌边音
/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
/f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ /,/δ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /t /, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/
/m/, /n/, / /
/l/
/w/, /j/
Vowels（元音）
-pure vowels（单元音）
前元音： /i:/, / /, /e/, / /
发单元音时应注意的事项：
1.舌前部在活动
2.舌端抵下齿
3.从 /i:/ /i/ /e/ / /口形渐大
/i:/
例词：
he sea tree
短语：
green leaves deep sea
clean street eat the meat
例句：
A: Would you like coffee or tea
B: Tea, please.
A: OK. I have tea, too.
/ /- /i/
例词：
pin ship hill chicks
短语：
a big ship fifty pictures
Miss Smith interesting films
例句：
A: Is Lily in
B: Lily is ill in bed.
C: Oh, I’m sorry.
/e/-/ε/
例词：
pen head leg well
短语：
ten pence very well
expensive cigarettes went to America
例句：
A: How did you spend your holiday
B: I went to Beijing.
A: Was it expensive
B: Yes ,very.
/ /
例词：
apple lantern hand parachute
短语：
black cat mad man
traveling bag matter-of –fact
例句：
A: Ann is traveling to Japan.
B: How happy she is !
A: She is very happy.
Vowels（元音）
-pure vowels（单元音）
中元音： / :/, / /, / /
发中元音时应注意：
1.舌中部隆起
2.舌端轻抵 下齿
3./ :/ / / / /口形渐大
/ :/- / :/
例词：
girl bird work turn
短语：
early bird Thursday work
thirsty person perfect search
例句：
A: He always arrives work early.
B: But he wasn’t early this morning.
A: You weren’t early either.
/ /
例词：
teacher picture breakfast welcome
短语：
a glass of water a quarter to seven
brothers and sisters a book about China
例句：
A: look at the clock！
B: what’s the time
A: it’s a quarter to seven
/ /
例词：
cup run jump flood
短语：
hurry up! trust us!
rubbish number mustn’t worry
例句：
A: It’s sunny today.
B: Yes, isn’t it.
A: My uncle will go to London next
Monday.
B: How lucky he is!
Vowels（元音） -pure vowels（单元音）
后元音： /u:/, / /, / :/, / /, /ɑ:/
后元音发音要领：
1.舌后部用力
2.舌尖离开下齿龈
3. /u:/, / /, / :/, / /, /ɑ:/口形渐 大
/u:/
例词：
zoo who food blue
短语：
a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy
fruit juice two shoes
例句：
A: Look at my new shoes
B: Oh, they are beautiful.
A: Your boots are beautiful, too.
/ /
例词：
foot wood book push
短语：
good cook good book
couldn’t look pudding without sugar
例句：
A: Where did you put the book
B: Which book
A: The book you bought yesterday.
/ :/
例词：
fork ball morning airport
短语：
four balls score board
morning glory sports reporter
例句：
A: I see two children on the blackboard.
B: He is short.
A: She is shorter.
/ /- / /
例词：
cock shop job hospital
短语：
hot coffee long job
on the box drop the pot
例句：
A: I have a bad cough.
B: You must see a doctor.
A: Yes, I must go to the hospital.
/ɑ:/
例词：
car garden star guitar
短语：
fast car half park
heart transplant stars and bars
例句：
A: You look very smart today.
B: Thank you.
C: What a marvelous dancer you are.
Let me take a photograph of you.
Vowels（元音） -diphthongs（双元音）
/e /, /a /, / /, / /, /a /, / /, /e /, / /
双元音发音要领：
1.口形、舌位有变化 发单元音时口形、舌位自始至终保持不变。双元音是由两个不同的元音组成的，例如/ai/,从第一个元音/a/过度到/i/,口形和舌位都有变化：由口形较大、舌位较低的/a/音过度到口形较小、舌位较高的/i/音。其它七个双元音也一样，发音时口形舌位都有不同成度的变化。
2.前长后短 双元音中两个元音的长度（音长）也不相等。第一个比第二个长些，约为三比一。
3.前重后轻 发第一个元音时要多使点劲儿，但必须注意不要把两个元音分裂成一个强音、一个弱音来念，而是由强而渐弱。
双元音发音要领：
4.两音密合，一气呵成 由第一个元音到第二个元音是一个滑动的过程，中间不容停顿，不可把两个音分开来念。
5.前音清楚，后音模糊 双元音中的第一个元音发音清楚响亮，向第二个音滑动时，在尚未到达第二个元音的发音部位时滑动即可停止，不必把第二个音象单独发音时念得那么 清楚。这一点非常重要。常听到一些同学把/ai/念成“阿姨”，就是因为把/i/ 念得太清楚了，甚至跑过了头，越境而入/i:/的领域了。
/e /-/ei/
例词：
face rain cake wait
短语：
eight cakes waste paper
railway station wait for the mail
例句：
A: It’s my birthday today.
B: Happy birthday
A: Thank e to my birthday party.
And don’t be late.
/a /-/ai/
例词：
sky kite write bicycle
短语:
white lie high tide
eye for eye silent night
例句：
A: It’s a fine day today. The sun is shining
brightly.
B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now.
A: Yes, I do, too.
/ /-/ i/
例词：
boy boil noise coin
短语：
a spoilt boy a noisy toy
an annoying voice Joyce's boyfriend
例句：
A: Look at my toy gun.
B: Oh, what a good toy!
A: Shall we join our friends in the garden
B: Yes, let’s go.
/ /-/ v/
例词：
　　　coast 　throw 　boat 　toe
短语：
　　　 Joe’s coat go to the window
　load and unload 　throw a snowball
例句：
A: Look! He has a boat.
B: Is he going to row
A: I think so.
/a /-/av/
例词：
cow house mouth trousers
短语：
shout out brown mouse
down town round flower
例句：
A: Is she milking the cow
B: Yes, she is.
A: Is the cow in he house
B: No. She is on the dairy farm.
/ /-/i /
例词：
ear idea zero beard
短语：
the atmosphere here queer 古怪的skier
Weary疲乏 mountaineer experienced engineer
例句：
A: Let’s have some beer here.
B: What a good idea!
A: What shall we do after having beer
B: We shall go to the theatre.
/e /-/ε /
例词：
hair bare pear chair
短语：
millionaire’s theirs mayor’s parents
square chairs careful librarian
例句：
A: Where is my pen
B: It’s over there on the chair.
A: Thank you. It’s really there.
/ /-/v /
例词：
tour poor sure gourd /g d/葫芦
短语：
poor tourists tour from China
carm jury陪审团 European jewel
例句：
A: I received a letter from my uncle. He’s
sick with influenza.
B: I’m sorry. Is he still in Europe.
A: Yes. He’s still working in London.
B: He must speak fluent English.
Consonants（辅音） 英语辅音的发音特点
1.气流受阻，从肺部呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时遇到阻碍（元音发音不受阻碍）。
2.气流较强（元音气流较弱）
3.阻碍部分肌肉紧张（元音发音时均衡地保持紧张）
4.有清浊之分。
英语辅音的发音可以分别从”发音部位”和发音方法”两方面来学习。
1.发音部位：所谓”发音部位”是指气流受到阻碍的地方，也就是两个发音器官为了影响气流而构成的各种阻碍的部位。例如：发/p/ /b/时双唇先要紧闭，形成阻碍，发/f/ /v/时下唇接触上齿形成阻碍等等。
英语辅音按发音部位可分成：
①双唇音：/ p, b, m, w/
②唇齿音：/ f ,v/
③舌齿音：/ θ, /
④舌龈音：/ t ,d ,s ,z ,n ,l/
⑤齿龈后部音：/ , , , , r, j/
⑥舌后软腭音：/ k, g， /
⑦声门音：/h/
2.发音方法：是指气流通过阻碍时所使用的不同方法（及其造成的听觉印象）。例如：发/p ,t ,k/时气流通过阻碍部位时所发出的爆破声，发/s ,z ,f/时气流从阻碍部位的缝隙中挤出，发出摩擦的声音等等。
英语辅音按发音方法可分成：
①爆破音： /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
②摩擦音： f/, /v/, /θ/, / /, /s/, /z/, / /, / /, /h/, /r/
③破擦音：/ /, / /
④鼻音： /m/, /n/, / /
⑤舌侧音： /l/
⑥半元音： /j/, /w/
Consonants（辅音） -plosives（爆破音）
/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
/p/
例词：
pig people pull put
短语：
pick up a pepper pot
a piece of pork a pen and a pencil
例句：
A: Do you collect stamps
B: Yes, I do.
A: Will you show me your stamp album
B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me go and
fetch them.
/b/
例词：
bus bed breakfast banana
短语：
Big Ben a big bottle
beautiful baby blue butterflies
例句：
A: Is this your handbag
B: No, it isn’t my handbag is not brown.
A: What color is your handbag
B: It’s black.
/t/
例词：
table tall take telephone
短语：
ten teachers travel by train
want a rabbit two trees
例句：
A: I’m hungry. I want something to eat.
B: What about some tomatoes Let’s go to the restaurant!
A: Yes, let’s go.
/d/
例词：
door doctor head would
短语：
dear daughter red door
played cards listened to the radio
例句：
A: What did you do last night？
B: I studied last night.
A: Did you study all night
B: No, I didn’t. I listened to the radio for
some time.
/k/
例词：
car duck clock park
短语：
the back of the car ask question
a quarter to six a cool cleaner
例句：
A: I like cheap cakes.
B: You do Do you often have cheap cakes
A: Yes, I do.
B: If you want to keep fit, don’t eat too many
cheap cakes.
/g/
例词：
bag dog goat green
短语：
good girl go to the grandpa’s
as good as gold get a girl
例句：
A: Can you play the guitar
B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and
song again and again with my friends last
night.
A: You must have had a good time last night.
Consonants（辅音） -fricatives（摩擦音）
/f/, /v/, /θ/, / /, /s/, /z/, / /, / /, /h/, / /, / /, /r/
/f/
例词：
friend fat fish family
短语：
five flowers fast food
father’s face feel fine
例句：
A: Look at Freda! She is fifty.
B: Her hat is funny.
A: Look at her fur coat. It’s famous.
/v/
例词:
drive village very vest
短语：
lovely view village vet 兽医
leaving arriving leaves of the vine藤、葡
例句：
A: Who’s driving the van
B: I think victor is.获胜者
A: Who is victor
B: He is my new neighbor, he has lived
here for only a few months.
/θ/
例词：
thank month thin thirty
短语：
three thinkers Martha's birthday
healthy author thirty mathematicians
例句：
A: My father is a mathematician.
B: No wonder you are good at mathematics.
A: To tell you the truth, my father never
teaches me math.
/ /
例词：
father there that this
短语：
smooth leather get together
better than others another brother
例句：
A: Lily is taller than Mary.
B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily.
A: Look at them. They’re doing physical
exercise together.
/s/
例词：
sun small horse bicycle
短语：
sleep soundly expensive cigarettes
some books sit in the sun
例句：
A: These are cups.
B: Those are saucers.茶碟
A: They’re nice cups and saucers.
/z/
例词：
zoo prize bees nose
短语：
jazz music close the windows
these days zero animal
例句：
A: Let’s go to the zoo.
B: Good. I like looking at the zebras.
C: I like the monkeys there. Let’s go.
/ /
例词：
fish sugar shoe shop
短语：
fashion shops friendship association社团
British shoes washing machine
例句：
A: This shop sells washing-machines.
B: Do they sell air-conditioners, too.
A: Sure.
/ /
例词：
garage pleasure measure collision
短语：
an unusual collision measure a garage
a great decision my pleasure
例句：
A: Lily likes clothes for casual随便的 wear.
B: Clothes for casual wear are comfortable,
A: I like to wear them in my leisure time.
/h/
例词：
hat hard hen high
短语：
heart and hand high heels
head-to-head happy honeymoon蜜月期
例句：
A: There was a car accident here last Sunday.
B: Oh, it’s horrible!
A: Were you here when the accident happened
B: No, I only heard about it.
/ /
例词：
cheek chicken church watch
短语：
Chinese chess which butcher
chicken and chips change much
例句：
A: Where are the two children
B: They’re having lunch.
A: Here are some cherries 樱桃for them.
B: Thank you very much.
/ /
例词：
jeep jar orange bridge
短语：
a large jeep injured passengers
adjust the engine orange juice
例句：
A: I have an orange.
B: Oh, your orange is large. Look! I’ve
got a large sandwich.
A: Yes, it is a very large one.
/r/
例词：
rose lorry卡车 rubber rocket
短语：
American waitress a married secretary
grown up children French restaurant
例句：
A: Rose works as a secretary at the railway
station.
B: She does She is a very pretty girl.
A: Yes, very.
Consonants（辅音） -nasals（鼻音）
/m/, /n/, / /
/m/
例词：
moon home medicine mountain
短语：
man-made make a mistake
come tomorrow middle name
例句：
A: Mum has come back home.
B: Marvelous.
A: Mom says we’ll go and see a movie tonight.
B: Yes, we certainly will.
/n/
例词：
neck tin night noise
短语：
neat brandy白兰地酒 a negative answer
telephone number harden the neck
例词：
A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon!
B: They are wonderful.峡谷
A: Who sent it to you
B: A friend of mine.
/ /
例词：
ink ring sing monkey
短语：
ring-ding开朗的 rising diphthong双元音
strong string playing ping-pang
例句：
A: Do you like drinking tea
B: Yes, I do.
A: We are advised to drink more tea than coffee.
B: Tea is good for health.
Consonants（辅音） -lateral（舌侧音）
/l/
/l/
例词：
black light jelly全身发软 lemon
短语：
early for lunch leg of lamb
a glass of lemonade柠檬汽水 yellow jelly
例句：
A: Mum, is lunch ready I’m hungry.
B: OK, lunch is ready.
A: What’s for lunch, Mum
B: We’ll have lamb and potato salad.
1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red
lorry, yellow lorry.
2. Let’s look for leaves in the
large lake with a long ladder.
Tongue twisters
Consonants（辅音） -semi-vowels（半元音）
/j/, /w/
/j/
例词：
yellow yacht快游艇 yolk蛋黄 year
短语：
yolk yellow new year’s day
new York university a tough onion坚硬、老
例句：
A: My brother was a music student.
B: What does he do now
A: He is now in Europe working as a
business man.
/w/
例词：
week whale win window
短语：
weight watcher weave织 a web
weeping willow wet wind
例句：树枝低垂的
A: Don’t look out of the window.
B: Oh, I’m sorry, I’m thinking of my dog.
Today is a wet day.
A: Do you think your dog will be lost in the
woods on a wet day
辅音字母的读音规则
单个辅音字母的发音可以归纳为下面两种：
1）只发一个音的字母
字母 读音 例词 字母 读音 例词
b /b/ big/big/ p /p/ play/plei/
f /f/
foot /fut/ c /k/ Iraq / `ra:k/
h /h/ hat /h t/ r /r/ red /red/
j / / jam / m/ v /v/ very
k /k/ kind /kaid/ w /w/ well /wel/
m /m/ man /m n/ n /n/ net /net/
z /z/ zoo /zu:/
注：
1）字母f 在个别情况下念，如of / v, v/
2)字母 h在某些单词中不发音，如hour/ a /
3）字母 q很少单独出现，常和字母 u结合，念作/kw/如quick /kwik/。
Consonants（辅音） -fricatives（摩擦音）
/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/
/ts/
students coats cats boats
/dz/
heads reads beds hands
/tr/
tree truck train trace追踪
/dr/
dress drink drain流干喝光排水管 dream
两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化[sp] →[sb]
[st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg]
speak spit spy
study star start
sky school screen