轻松破解2022年体育单招英语语法专题03 定语从句（含强调句型）（精讲） （含解析）
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| 名称 | 轻松破解2022年体育单招英语语法专题03 定语从句（含强调句型）（精讲） （含解析） |  | |
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定语从句
一、定语从句的基本概念及用法
定语从句及先行词
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的句子称为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
例：The students who are playing football are from Japan
2.关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
关系代词是代替先行词含义的词，当先行词为复数时，从句谓语动词要用复数形式; 当先行词为单数时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a true man.
3.引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词
a.关系代词：which , that, who, whom和whose。在从句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用
that 表示人或物的名词 主语、宾语
which 表示物的名词 主语、宾语
who 表示人的名词 主语、宾语
whom 表示人的名词 宾语
whose 表示人或物的名词 定语
例1：In fact, the Swede didn’t understand the three questions which/that were asked in French.
例2. The girl _____________is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
A. whom B. which
C. who D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：穿一条蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。whom先行词是人，定语从句中作宾语；which先行词是物，定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词是人，定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是The girl指人，引导词在从句中作主语。故选C。
例3.—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who
C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—他们在谈论什么？—他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。
例4. Is this the museum ________ you visited last year
A. who B. that
C. whom D. in which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是去年你参观过的博物馆么？who替代人，从句中做主语或者宾语；that替代人或物，从句中做主语或者宾语；whom替代人，从句中做宾语；in which是介词加上关系代词which的用法。museum是先行词，表达的是物，从句“you visited last year”缺宾语，用which或者that来替代物并在从句中作宾语。故选B。
例5. She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.
A. who B. which
C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句，修饰人，
作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，作
状语；that引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作主语或宾语。根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人，
又修饰事物，故用that引导定语从句，故选D。
例6. I’ve become good friends with several of the students _________ I met in the English speech contest last year
A. whom B. whose
C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我已经和我们学校几个学生成好朋友了，他们是我去年英语演讲比赛时遇见的。根据句意
可知，这是定语从句，in my school是介词短语作定语修饰the students, 所以先行词是students, 是人，且关
系代词在从句中作宾语，结合选项，故选A。
例7.—Do you know the little boy _______________ is helping the old man cross the road
—No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who
C.whom D. \
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：—你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗？—不，但他是多么的好呀！先行词the little
boy在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词who代替，故选B。
例8. The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose
C. that D. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
b.关系副词：when, where, why. 在从句中做状语。
关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
例9：He returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
例10. I can’t remember the place _______________ I lived many years ago.
A. that B. which
C. where D. ／
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the place，指
地点，在定语从句中作状语从句，故用where作关系词。故选C。
例11. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
【答案】D
【解析】由于从句_________ many things are done on computer完整，排除关系代词AB，又由于先行词an age表时间，所以用关系副词when
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 先行词指人时的定语从句
who做主语，whom做宾语，在非正式文体中也可用who做宾语。当先行词为指“人”的名词时，也可用that代替who, whom在从句中作主语或宾语。
例1：Here’s the fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
Do you know the woman whom we met at the gate
例2. Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer ________ has made a lot of contributions (贡献) in the field of medical science.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：钟南山医生是一位在医学领域做出了重大贡献的先驱。which引导定语从句时，先行词为物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语；that引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人，在句中作主语；whose引导定语从句时，先行词为人或物，在句中作定语；what不能引导定语从句。由“Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer…has made a lot of…”可知，本句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词pioneer指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。
2. 先行词指“物”时，用which不用that的两种情况
①引导非限制性定语从句时(指定语从句与先行词之间有逗号)
例：She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
②当从句中有介词提前时，只用which，不能用that
例：This is a house in which Luxun once lived.
例3. She heard a terrible noise, ______________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她听到了一个大的噪音，使她张大了嘴巴。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前一整句话，且有逗号隔开，故选B。
3. whose既可指人又可指物。一般位于名词之前，在从句中作定语。用whose指物时可用of which代替。
例：This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
This is the house whose window was broken last night.
例4. I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师。which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom的先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语；whose的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语。本句的先行词是teachers，指人，和后面的classes构成所属关系，在定语从句中做定语，所以应用关系代词whose。故选D。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因，它们在从句中分别做时间，地点，原因状语。
注：当先行词虽然表示时间，地点，原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，要用which或that引导，不可用when、where和why。
例：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.
Hangzhou is a city that has a beautiful lake.
The reason that he gave isn’t believable.
例2. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that
C. where D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living完整，排除BD，又由于先行词为the days表时间，所以选择A
例3. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ___________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A. where B. when
C. there D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句___________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’，应选择关系副词，排除CD，又因为先行词为Mozart’s birthplace and the house表地点，所以选择where
注：现在对where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。当先行词为situation、stage、case和point时，都可用where这个关系副词。
例4. We're just trying to reach a point ________both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句________both sides will sit down together and talk完整，应选择关系副词，排除关系代词BD，又由于先行词为a point表示抽象地点，故应使用关系副词where
例5. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
答案：A
解析：由于从句_________ he is likely to lose control over the plane完整，排除B。又因为先行词为a dangerous situation表抽象地点，故选择where
定语从句解题思路
1. 划从句
2. 找从句动词
3. 判断从句中是否缺少主语、宾语或表语
（1）如果从句缺少成分，则根据先行词，选择相应的关系代词（不含whose）
（2）如果从句中不缺少成分
强调句型
强调句型有两种，一种为一般结构，另一种为特殊疑问句形式，分别为：
1、一般结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+剩余的部分
强调句结构通常只能强调主语，宾语和状语
注：that/who的区别
只有强调部分为之人的名词或代词时，才能用who，而that则没有限制
例1：It was on Monday night that all this happened. 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
（强调时间状语on Monday night，用that不能用when）
例2：It was Mary who/that gave away the secret. 正是玛丽泄漏了秘密。
（强调主语Mary，可用who或that）
例3：It is Jeffrey who/that we should help.
（强调宾语Jeffrey，可用whom、who或that）
注：对not...until...句式进行强调时结构为：it is/was not until …that
例4：It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
2、特殊疑问词结构：“特殊疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其余的部分(自然语序)”
例1：When was it that you lost your keys 你究竟什么时候丢的钥匙？
例2：Where was it that Shakespeare was born 莎士比亚出生的地方究竟在哪里？
例3. Which year was it ____________ Italy won the World Cup （2018年全国体育单招真题）
A. that B. where
C. when D. how
答案：A
解析：考查强调句型。根据特殊疑问句的强调句型：“特殊疑问词+is/was + that+其它部分”可知，答案为A
例4. It was in 1969_________ Armstrong succeeded in landing on the moon. （2020年全国体育单招真题）
A. which B. when
C. that D. what
答案：C
解析：考查强调句型。句意：正是在1969年阿姆斯特朗成功地登录了月球。强调句型结构：it is/was +被强调部分+ that+剩余部分。故答案为C。
例5. Actually it was not until midnight __________the plane arrived there. （2021年全国体育单招真题）
A. before B. when
C. which D. that
答案：D
解析：考查not until 的强调句型；根据固定结构： it is/was not until …..that…; 可知答案为D
知识拓展：强调句型与从句的区别
一般说来，如果把句子中的It is/was...that去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。
例1：It was ten o'clock when I got home last night. 昨晚到家时已经十点了。
（状语从句，it指时间。）
例2：It was at ten o'clock that I got home last night. 昨天我是在晚上十一点到家的。
（强调句型，句中的it是强调句型的虚词。）
例3：It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score. 事实是他以一分之差输掉了这一局。
（同位语从句，that解释说明fact的内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分。）
例句：It is a fact that we have lost the opportunity. 事实是我们失去了机会。
（强调句型，that并不是解释说明fact的内容，而是引出要突出的信息，用以吸引读者。）
一、定语从句的基本概念及用法
定语从句及先行词
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的句子称为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
例：The students who are playing football are from Japan
2.关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
关系代词是代替先行词含义的词，当先行词为复数时，从句谓语动词要用复数形式; 当先行词为单数时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a true man.
3.引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词
a.关系代词：which , that, who, whom和whose。在从句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。
关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用
that 表示人或物的名词 主语、宾语
which 表示物的名词 主语、宾语
who 表示人的名词 主语、宾语
whom 表示人的名词 宾语
whose 表示人或物的名词 定语
例1：In fact, the Swede didn’t understand the three questions which/that were asked in French.
例2. The girl _____________is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
A. whom B. which
C. who D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：穿一条蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。whom先行词是人，定语从句中作宾语；which先行词是物，定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词是人，定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是The girl指人，引导词在从句中作主语。故选C。
例3.—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who
C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—他们在谈论什么？—他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。
例4. Is this the museum ________ you visited last year
A. who B. that
C. whom D. in which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是去年你参观过的博物馆么？who替代人，从句中做主语或者宾语；that替代人或物，从句中做主语或者宾语；whom替代人，从句中做宾语；in which是介词加上关系代词which的用法。museum是先行词，表达的是物，从句“you visited last year”缺宾语，用which或者that来替代物并在从句中作宾语。故选B。
例5. She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.
A. who B. which
C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句，修饰人，
作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，作
状语；that引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作主语或宾语。根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人，
又修饰事物，故用that引导定语从句，故选D。
例6. I’ve become good friends with several of the students _________ I met in the English speech contest last year
A. whom B. whose
C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我已经和我们学校几个学生成好朋友了，他们是我去年英语演讲比赛时遇见的。根据句意
可知，这是定语从句，in my school是介词短语作定语修饰the students, 所以先行词是students, 是人，且关
系代词在从句中作宾语，结合选项，故选A。
例7.—Do you know the little boy _______________ is helping the old man cross the road
—No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who
C.whom D. \
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：—你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗？—不，但他是多么的好呀！先行词the little
boy在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词who代替，故选B。
例8. The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose
C. that D. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
b.关系副词：when, where, why. 在从句中做状语。
关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
例9：He returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
例10. I can’t remember the place _______________ I lived many years ago.
A. that B. which
C. where D. ／
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the place，指
地点，在定语从句中作状语从句，故用where作关系词。故选C。
例11. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
【答案】D
【解析】由于从句_________ many things are done on computer完整，排除关系代词AB，又由于先行词an age表时间，所以用关系副词when
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 先行词指人时的定语从句
who做主语，whom做宾语，在非正式文体中也可用who做宾语。当先行词为指“人”的名词时，也可用that代替who, whom在从句中作主语或宾语。
例1：Here’s the fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
Do you know the woman whom we met at the gate
例2. Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer ________ has made a lot of contributions (贡献) in the field of medical science.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：钟南山医生是一位在医学领域做出了重大贡献的先驱。which引导定语从句时，先行词为物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语；that引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人，在句中作主语；whose引导定语从句时，先行词为人或物，在句中作定语；what不能引导定语从句。由“Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer…has made a lot of…”可知，本句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词pioneer指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。
2. 先行词指“物”时，用which不用that的两种情况
①引导非限制性定语从句时(指定语从句与先行词之间有逗号)
例：She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
②当从句中有介词提前时，只用which，不能用that
例：This is a house in which Luxun once lived.
例3. She heard a terrible noise, ______________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她听到了一个大的噪音，使她张大了嘴巴。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前一整句话，且有逗号隔开，故选B。
3. whose既可指人又可指物。一般位于名词之前，在从句中作定语。用whose指物时可用of which代替。
例：This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
This is the house whose window was broken last night.
例4. I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师。which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom的先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语；whose的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语。本句的先行词是teachers，指人，和后面的classes构成所属关系，在定语从句中做定语，所以应用关系代词whose。故选D。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因，它们在从句中分别做时间，地点，原因状语。
注：当先行词虽然表示时间，地点，原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，要用which或that引导，不可用when、where和why。
例：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.
Hangzhou is a city that has a beautiful lake.
The reason that he gave isn’t believable.
例2. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that
C. where D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living完整，排除BD，又由于先行词为the days表时间，所以选择A
例3. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ___________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A. where B. when
C. there D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句___________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’，应选择关系副词，排除CD，又因为先行词为Mozart’s birthplace and the house表地点，所以选择where
注：现在对where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。当先行词为situation、stage、case和point时，都可用where这个关系副词。
例4. We're just trying to reach a point ________both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
答案：A
解析：由于从句________both sides will sit down together and talk完整，应选择关系副词，排除关系代词BD，又由于先行词为a point表示抽象地点，故应使用关系副词where
例5. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
答案：A
解析：由于从句_________ he is likely to lose control over the plane完整，排除B。又因为先行词为a dangerous situation表抽象地点，故选择where
定语从句解题思路
1. 划从句
2. 找从句动词
3. 判断从句中是否缺少主语、宾语或表语
（1）如果从句缺少成分，则根据先行词，选择相应的关系代词（不含whose）
（2）如果从句中不缺少成分
强调句型
强调句型有两种，一种为一般结构，另一种为特殊疑问句形式，分别为：
1、一般结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+剩余的部分
强调句结构通常只能强调主语，宾语和状语
注：that/who的区别
只有强调部分为之人的名词或代词时，才能用who，而that则没有限制
例1：It was on Monday night that all this happened. 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
（强调时间状语on Monday night，用that不能用when）
例2：It was Mary who/that gave away the secret. 正是玛丽泄漏了秘密。
（强调主语Mary，可用who或that）
例3：It is Jeffrey who/that we should help.
（强调宾语Jeffrey，可用whom、who或that）
注：对not...until...句式进行强调时结构为：it is/was not until …that
例4：It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
2、特殊疑问词结构：“特殊疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其余的部分(自然语序)”
例1：When was it that you lost your keys 你究竟什么时候丢的钥匙？
例2：Where was it that Shakespeare was born 莎士比亚出生的地方究竟在哪里？
例3. Which year was it ____________ Italy won the World Cup （2018年全国体育单招真题）
A. that B. where
C. when D. how
答案：A
解析：考查强调句型。根据特殊疑问句的强调句型：“特殊疑问词+is/was + that+其它部分”可知，答案为A
例4. It was in 1969_________ Armstrong succeeded in landing on the moon. （2020年全国体育单招真题）
A. which B. when
C. that D. what
答案：C
解析：考查强调句型。句意：正是在1969年阿姆斯特朗成功地登录了月球。强调句型结构：it is/was +被强调部分+ that+剩余部分。故答案为C。
例5. Actually it was not until midnight __________the plane arrived there. （2021年全国体育单招真题）
A. before B. when
C. which D. that
答案：D
解析：考查not until 的强调句型；根据固定结构： it is/was not until …..that…; 可知答案为D
知识拓展：强调句型与从句的区别
一般说来，如果把句子中的It is/was...that去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型。
例1：It was ten o'clock when I got home last night. 昨晚到家时已经十点了。
（状语从句，it指时间。）
例2：It was at ten o'clock that I got home last night. 昨天我是在晚上十一点到家的。
（强调句型，句中的it是强调句型的虚词。）
例3：It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score. 事实是他以一分之差输掉了这一局。
（同位语从句，that解释说明fact的内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分。）
例句：It is a fact that we have lost the opportunity. 事实是我们失去了机会。
（强调句型，that并不是解释说明fact的内容，而是引出要突出的信息，用以吸引读者。）