轻松破解2022年体育单招英语语法专题01 动词时态和语态精讲学案（有答案）
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| 名称 | 轻松破解2022年体育单招英语语法专题01 动词时态和语态精讲学案（有答案） |  | |
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动词时态和语态精讲
2012-2021年体育单招考试之动词时态考点分布情况
2012 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年
一般现在 1 2 2
一般过去 2 1 1 1
一般将来 1 1 1 1 1
现在完成 2 1 1 1 1 1
过去完成 1 1 1
将来完成 1
现在进行 1 1
过去进行 1
考情分析：动词时态在历年考试中都是大热点，但是在近十一年体育单招考试中，总共考过八种时态，如上表所示，广大师生可以根据考试的重点进行相应的学习，相信大家一定可以取得理想的成绩。
一、一般现在时
1. 结构：do/does
被动结构：am/is/are done
2. 一般现在时用法
（1）本质用法：表示该动作或状态的发生不限于某个特定的时间，包括现在、过去和将来；而并非表示“现在正在发生”的动作或状态。主要包括三种类型：
①表示客观事实或客观真理
例：1. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
2. The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月亮大
3. — What language ________ in Canada
—Both English and French.
A. is spoken B. speaks
C. is speaking D. spoke
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：—加拿大说什么语言？—英语和法语。A：一般现在时的被动语态；B：一般现在时的动词三单；C：现在进行时；D：一般过去式，表示过去发的动作。分析语意可知，此处陈述事实，时态是一般现在时，又因为主语language是动作speak的承受者，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
②表示习惯性或经常性的动作
例：1. You always help others. 你总是帮助别人。
2. —Is Li Mei a teacher
—Yes, she is. She ______ at a village school.
A. teaches B. is teaching
C. taught D. will teach
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—李梅是一位老师吗？—是的，她是。她在一所乡村学校教书。teaches一般现在时；is teaching现在进行时；taught一般过去时；will teach一般将来时。根据句中Yes, she is可知，李梅在乡村学校教书”这件事是她目前经常性、习惯性的状态，应为一般现在时。故选A。
③表示目前的一种状态
例：1. More than 3, 000 local workers ________________in the tourism industry. （2018年体育单招真题）
A. employed B. are employing
C. have employed D. are employed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：3000多名当地工人被雇佣于旅游行业。根据句意可知，谓语动词于主语More than 3, 000 local workers表示被动关系，排除ABC, 故答案为D
2. —The talent show Youth With You (青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ______ interested in it recently.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意：—才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。—确实。我们班上一半的人 最近都对它感兴趣。根据recently可知句子是一般现在时态。“half +of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人，是复数概念，此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选B。
（2）表将来：在时间或条件状语从句中，要要一般现在时代替一般将来时
例：1. He won’t visit the museum if it rains tomorrow.
2. If anyone_______ when I am away, just tell him that I'll be back before five o'clock. （2012年体育单招真题）
A. called B. calls
C. will call D. has called
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当我离开的时候如果有人打电话，告诉他我五点之前回来。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故答案为B
3. Whenever the team ____________, they feel sad for the rest of the week. （2018年体育单招真题）
A. loses B. lost
C. will lose D. is losing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：无论球队何时失败，他们在剩下的这个星期都会感到伤心。根据句意可知，这里描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，故答案为A
注意：在时间或条件状语从句中，要要一般现在时代替一般将来时是体育单招考试考查一般现在时的考试重点，一定要引起重视。常见的时间或条件状语引导词有：
时间状语从句引导词：when/before/after/until/as soon as/ whenever
条件状语从句引导词：if/unless/ as long as
二、一般过去时
1.结构：did
被动结构：was/were done
2.用法：
（1）表示表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
例：1. In February, 2020, many doctors and nurses ________ to Wuhan to save the patients.
A. was sent B. were sent
C. are sent D. is sent
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2020年2月，很多医生和护士被派往武汉拯救病人。was sent一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是单数；were sent一般过去时态的被动语态；are sent一般现在时的被动语态。根据“February, 2020”可知是讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，主语many doctors and nurses是复数名词，谓语动词用were sent。故选B。
2. It has been two months since my father ________ for Italy.
A. was left B. left
C. leaves D. will leave
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我父亲去意大利已经两个月了。was left被留下，一般过去时的被动语态；left离开，leave的一般过去式；leaves离开，一般现在时，在since引导时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句一般过去时。而“was left被留下”不符合句意，所以排除A。根据句意，可知“我父亲去意大利已经两个月了”，即从过去离开时到现在已经两个月了，所以从句用过去时，故选B。
注：一般过去时常见的时间状语：yesterday，last night, in 1990, two days ago, since+ did等。
3.The guests __________to wear formal evening dresses, but John insisted on wearing jeans. （2015年体育单招真题）
A. expected B. were expected
C. were expecting D. had expected
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：客人被期望穿着正式的晚礼服。根据句意可知，动词与主语the guests之间表示被动关系，故正确答案为B
（2）表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作或状态
例：1. My father often walked int the park last year.
2. When I was young, I ____________by my grandparents.
A. look after B. looked after
C. am looked after D. was looked after
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：当我小的时候，我是由祖父母照顾的。look after一般现在时；looked after一般过去时；am looked after一般现在时被动语态；was looked after一般过去时被动语态。when引导时间状语从句，从句中was是一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。主句中by my grandparents是被动语态的标志词，所以此空格应填一般过去时被动语态，故选D。
三、一般将来时
1. 结构: will do
被动结构：will be done
2. 用法: 从现在来看，将来会发生的动作或存在的状态
例. 1.—Our school sports meeting ___________ next week. Which sport will you take part in
—The long jump and the high jump. I'm good at jumping.
A. holds B. held
C. was held D. will be held
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：—我们学校运动会将在下周举行。你要参加哪项运动？—跳远和跳高。我擅长跳跃。A：一般现在时；B：一般过去时；C：一般过去时的被动语态；D：一般将来时的被动语态。分析句子可知，本句主语sports meeting是动作hold的承受者，所以应使用被动语态；又因为句中时间状语是next week，所以应使用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
2. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we ________ a picnic.
A. will have B. had
C. have had D. was having
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般将来时态。句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。分析句子结构可知，本句是If引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句一般现在时态。一般将来时态结构是：will（或be going to）+动词原形。这里用will have“将会举行”，故选A。
3. Every student ___________ to test each item for himself, using special techniques. （2019年）
A. invites B. has invited
C. will be invited D. would have invited
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态用法。句意：每个学生都将被要求使用特别的技巧独自测试每个项目。根据句意可知，谓语动词于主语之间表示被动关系，使用答案为C
注意： be going to do用法
a. 计划打算做某事（必须人做主语）
例. My brother is going to learn English next year.
b. 表示推测，即根据某种迹象，预测某事将要发生
例. Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain.
四、现在进行时
1. 结构：am/is/are doing
被动：am/is/are being done
2. 用法：
（1）说话时或现在正在进行或发生的动作
例1. Be quiet. Your grandmother __________ in the room.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping
C. sleep D. slept
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：安静点。你的祖母正在房间里睡觉。sleeps动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数；is sleeping动词的现在进行时；sleep动词的一般现在时的原形。根据“Be quiet.”可知此处表示的是说话的时候正在发生的动作，用现在进行时is sleeping。故选B。
（2）表示现阶段正在发生的动作，说话时不一定发生
例4. The spirit of ox（牛）_____ an important role for China's development this year.
A. is laying B. was playing
C. played D. had played
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今年，“牛之精神”在中国的发展中发挥着重要作用。考查动词时态。根据“this year”可知，此句应用现在时，三个选项中只有A选项是现在进行时，故选A。
（3）表示将来发生的动作
例5. My car ___________ five people, but I only have four seat belts.（2019年体育单招真题）
A. is taking B. took
C. has taken D. will have taken
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。句意为：我的汽车要搭载五个人，但是我的汽车只有四个安全带。根据句意可知此处表示将来发生的动作，排除BC选项。D选择中will have taken为将来完成时，强调的是到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作，逻辑不同，排除D选择。而A选项is taking为现在进行时，可以表示将来要发生的动作，所有选择A
五、过去进行时
1. 结构：was/were doing
被动：was/were being done
2. 用法：
（1）表示表示过去某一时刻 正在发生的动作
问题：如何表示过去某一时刻这个概念？
A. 通过时间状语表示
例1. — I didn’t see you at the meeting at eight yesterday evening. Why
— I _______for an important telephone call at that moment.
A. wait B. waited
C. am waiting D. was waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：—昨天开会的时候我没看见你。为什么？—那时我正在等一个很重要的电话。根据句子中at eight yesterday evening 和at that moment可知用过去进行时。故答案选D。
B. 通过动词比较表示
例2. While Mike __________computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing
C. will play D. plays
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。is playing现在进行时；was playing过去进行时；will play一般将来时； plays一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生，后面 came 是过去式，所以前面要用过去进行时，构成是was/were＋doing，故答案选B。
（2）表示表示过去某阶段正在发生的动作
例3. — When did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A. have had B. were having
C. are having D. have
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—刘老师，暴风雨什么时候来的？—昨天下午我们正在上化学课的时候。have had现在完成时；were having过去进行时； are having现在进行时；have一般现在时。根据句意可知，和yesterday afternoon可知，应表示过去某阶段（昨天下午）发生的动作，故选B。
六、现在完成时
1. 结构：have/has done
被动：have/has been done
2. 用法及考点：
（1）表示动作发生在过去一直延续到现在，并且还有可能继续下去的动作
例1：I have studied English for 10 years
注: 在表示该用法时，要注意以下两点
.A. 谓语动词必须是延续性动词；
B. 必须加上表示“时间段”的时间状语。如，
①since+时间点或从句
②up to now, so far, until now, up until(till) now, by now
③in/over/during/for the + past/last +一段时间
④for+一段时间
⑤recently，in recent years/months/weeks等
例2. —It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.
—How time flies! We ___________ in our hometown for such a long time.
A. work B. worked
C. has worked D. have worked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—我们回到凉山20年了。—时光飞逝!我们在家乡工作了这么长的时间。work动词的一般现在时的原形；worked动词的过去式；has worked动词的现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数；have worked动词的现在完成时态。主语we是复数；根据“for such a long time”可知强调动作的持续，用现在完成时have worked。故选D。
（2）表示，对现在有影响
例2.— The window is dirty.
— I know. It _______ for weeks.
A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean
C. wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—这个窗户脏了？—我知道。已经有好几个星期没有擦了。根据句意可知动作发生在过去，同时对现在造成了影响，即窗户脏了，所以排除BC，又因为clean与主语it表示被动关系，所以答案为D
（3）有明显的现在完成时的时间状语标志词
例1. The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
例2. Up to now, the program _______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
例3. Progress _______ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A. was B. had been
C. has been D. will be
例4. In the last few years thousands of films _________all over the word.
A. have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
例5. The construction of the two new railway lines _______ by now.
A. has completed B. have completed
C. have been completed D. has been completed
例6. — Do you think we should accept that offer
— Yes, we should, for we ______ such bad luck up till now, and time ______ out.
A. have had; is running B. had; is running
C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run
例7. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn't taste like anything I _______ before.
A. was having B. have
C. have ever had D. had ever had
注意：before位于句末，主句用完成时态，若主句是现在时或无动词时，则用现在完成时，若主句是过去时态，则用过去完成时
例8. This is the first time we _______ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen
C. saw D. have seen
注意：This/It is the +序数词+ time+（that）从句+ have/has done
七、过去完成时
1. 结构：had done
被动：had been done
2. 用法：表示过去的过去
问题：如何表达过去的过去这个概念？
A. 通过动词做比较
例1. Frank was very disappointed because he ________the chance to win the game. （2011年）
A. will lose B. lose
C. has lost D. had lost
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：弗兰克非常的失望因为失去了赢得比赛的机会。因为lose这个动作发生在was very disappointed之前，表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，故答案为D
B. 通过时间状语表示：by/before/until + 过去时间
例3. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son __________from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduated D. had graduated
例4. Experiments of this kind ________in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
例5. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken
C. haven’t spoken D. haven't been speaking
答案：DDB
八、将来完成时
1. 结构：will have done
2. 用法：表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作
注意：在体育单招考试中，只需记住标志词即可：by+将来时间，并且近十年考试中，只在2015年考过一次，所以只需了解即可，不作为重点内容复习。
例1. By the time you get this letter, I _________the country. （2015年体育单招英语真题）
A. will leave B. will have left
C. would leave D. am leaving
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。根据：By+表示将来的时间，主句用将来完成时，可知答案为B。句意：到你收到这封信的时候，我讲已经离开这个国家了。
例2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt __________ for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. left
例3. — Tommy is planning to buy a car.
— I know. By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.
A. saves B. saved
C. will save D. will have saved
答案：CD
动词时态和语态解题思路
1. 先判断是否有标志词，若有标志词，则根据标志词直接判断时态
2. 再判断句中是否有过去动词，若有，则要选的动词，一般也要用相应的过去时态
3. 若既没有标志词也没有过去动词，则根据句意判断时态
4. 时态判断完之后，再判断一下语态，即主动还是被动
5. 最后，判断一下是否使用三单
2012-2021年体育单招考试之动词时态考点分布情况
2012 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年
一般现在 1 2 2
一般过去 2 1 1 1
一般将来 1 1 1 1 1
现在完成 2 1 1 1 1 1
过去完成 1 1 1
将来完成 1
现在进行 1 1
过去进行 1
考情分析：动词时态在历年考试中都是大热点，但是在近十一年体育单招考试中，总共考过八种时态，如上表所示，广大师生可以根据考试的重点进行相应的学习，相信大家一定可以取得理想的成绩。
一、一般现在时
1. 结构：do/does
被动结构：am/is/are done
2. 一般现在时用法
（1）本质用法：表示该动作或状态的发生不限于某个特定的时间，包括现在、过去和将来；而并非表示“现在正在发生”的动作或状态。主要包括三种类型：
①表示客观事实或客观真理
例：1. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
2. The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月亮大
3. — What language ________ in Canada
—Both English and French.
A. is spoken B. speaks
C. is speaking D. spoke
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：—加拿大说什么语言？—英语和法语。A：一般现在时的被动语态；B：一般现在时的动词三单；C：现在进行时；D：一般过去式，表示过去发的动作。分析语意可知，此处陈述事实，时态是一般现在时，又因为主语language是动作speak的承受者，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
②表示习惯性或经常性的动作
例：1. You always help others. 你总是帮助别人。
2. —Is Li Mei a teacher
—Yes, she is. She ______ at a village school.
A. teaches B. is teaching
C. taught D. will teach
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—李梅是一位老师吗？—是的，她是。她在一所乡村学校教书。teaches一般现在时；is teaching现在进行时；taught一般过去时；will teach一般将来时。根据句中Yes, she is可知，李梅在乡村学校教书”这件事是她目前经常性、习惯性的状态，应为一般现在时。故选A。
③表示目前的一种状态
例：1. More than 3, 000 local workers ________________in the tourism industry. （2018年体育单招真题）
A. employed B. are employing
C. have employed D. are employed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：3000多名当地工人被雇佣于旅游行业。根据句意可知，谓语动词于主语More than 3, 000 local workers表示被动关系，排除ABC, 故答案为D
2. —The talent show Youth With You (青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ______ interested in it recently.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意：—才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。—确实。我们班上一半的人 最近都对它感兴趣。根据recently可知句子是一般现在时态。“half +of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人，是复数概念，此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选B。
（2）表将来：在时间或条件状语从句中，要要一般现在时代替一般将来时
例：1. He won’t visit the museum if it rains tomorrow.
2. If anyone_______ when I am away, just tell him that I'll be back before five o'clock. （2012年体育单招真题）
A. called B. calls
C. will call D. has called
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当我离开的时候如果有人打电话，告诉他我五点之前回来。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故答案为B
3. Whenever the team ____________, they feel sad for the rest of the week. （2018年体育单招真题）
A. loses B. lost
C. will lose D. is losing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：无论球队何时失败，他们在剩下的这个星期都会感到伤心。根据句意可知，这里描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，故答案为A
注意：在时间或条件状语从句中，要要一般现在时代替一般将来时是体育单招考试考查一般现在时的考试重点，一定要引起重视。常见的时间或条件状语引导词有：
时间状语从句引导词：when/before/after/until/as soon as/ whenever
条件状语从句引导词：if/unless/ as long as
二、一般过去时
1.结构：did
被动结构：was/were done
2.用法：
（1）表示表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
例：1. In February, 2020, many doctors and nurses ________ to Wuhan to save the patients.
A. was sent B. were sent
C. are sent D. is sent
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2020年2月，很多医生和护士被派往武汉拯救病人。was sent一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是单数；were sent一般过去时态的被动语态；are sent一般现在时的被动语态。根据“February, 2020”可知是讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，主语many doctors and nurses是复数名词，谓语动词用were sent。故选B。
2. It has been two months since my father ________ for Italy.
A. was left B. left
C. leaves D. will leave
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我父亲去意大利已经两个月了。was left被留下，一般过去时的被动语态；left离开，leave的一般过去式；leaves离开，一般现在时，在since引导时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句一般过去时。而“was left被留下”不符合句意，所以排除A。根据句意，可知“我父亲去意大利已经两个月了”，即从过去离开时到现在已经两个月了，所以从句用过去时，故选B。
注：一般过去时常见的时间状语：yesterday，last night, in 1990, two days ago, since+ did等。
3.The guests __________to wear formal evening dresses, but John insisted on wearing jeans. （2015年体育单招真题）
A. expected B. were expected
C. were expecting D. had expected
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：客人被期望穿着正式的晚礼服。根据句意可知，动词与主语the guests之间表示被动关系，故正确答案为B
（2）表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作或状态
例：1. My father often walked int the park last year.
2. When I was young, I ____________by my grandparents.
A. look after B. looked after
C. am looked after D. was looked after
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：当我小的时候，我是由祖父母照顾的。look after一般现在时；looked after一般过去时；am looked after一般现在时被动语态；was looked after一般过去时被动语态。when引导时间状语从句，从句中was是一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时。主句中by my grandparents是被动语态的标志词，所以此空格应填一般过去时被动语态，故选D。
三、一般将来时
1. 结构: will do
被动结构：will be done
2. 用法: 从现在来看，将来会发生的动作或存在的状态
例. 1.—Our school sports meeting ___________ next week. Which sport will you take part in
—The long jump and the high jump. I'm good at jumping.
A. holds B. held
C. was held D. will be held
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：—我们学校运动会将在下周举行。你要参加哪项运动？—跳远和跳高。我擅长跳跃。A：一般现在时；B：一般过去时；C：一般过去时的被动语态；D：一般将来时的被动语态。分析句子可知，本句主语sports meeting是动作hold的承受者，所以应使用被动语态；又因为句中时间状语是next week，所以应使用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
2. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we ________ a picnic.
A. will have B. had
C. have had D. was having
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般将来时态。句意：如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。分析句子结构可知，本句是If引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句一般现在时态。一般将来时态结构是：will（或be going to）+动词原形。这里用will have“将会举行”，故选A。
3. Every student ___________ to test each item for himself, using special techniques. （2019年）
A. invites B. has invited
C. will be invited D. would have invited
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态用法。句意：每个学生都将被要求使用特别的技巧独自测试每个项目。根据句意可知，谓语动词于主语之间表示被动关系，使用答案为C
注意： be going to do用法
a. 计划打算做某事（必须人做主语）
例. My brother is going to learn English next year.
b. 表示推测，即根据某种迹象，预测某事将要发生
例. Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain.
四、现在进行时
1. 结构：am/is/are doing
被动：am/is/are being done
2. 用法：
（1）说话时或现在正在进行或发生的动作
例1. Be quiet. Your grandmother __________ in the room.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping
C. sleep D. slept
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：安静点。你的祖母正在房间里睡觉。sleeps动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数；is sleeping动词的现在进行时；sleep动词的一般现在时的原形。根据“Be quiet.”可知此处表示的是说话的时候正在发生的动作，用现在进行时is sleeping。故选B。
（2）表示现阶段正在发生的动作，说话时不一定发生
例4. The spirit of ox（牛）_____ an important role for China's development this year.
A. is laying B. was playing
C. played D. had played
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今年，“牛之精神”在中国的发展中发挥着重要作用。考查动词时态。根据“this year”可知，此句应用现在时，三个选项中只有A选项是现在进行时，故选A。
（3）表示将来发生的动作
例5. My car ___________ five people, but I only have four seat belts.（2019年体育单招真题）
A. is taking B. took
C. has taken D. will have taken
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。句意为：我的汽车要搭载五个人，但是我的汽车只有四个安全带。根据句意可知此处表示将来发生的动作，排除BC选项。D选择中will have taken为将来完成时，强调的是到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作，逻辑不同，排除D选择。而A选项is taking为现在进行时，可以表示将来要发生的动作，所有选择A
五、过去进行时
1. 结构：was/were doing
被动：was/were being done
2. 用法：
（1）表示表示过去某一时刻 正在发生的动作
问题：如何表示过去某一时刻这个概念？
A. 通过时间状语表示
例1. — I didn’t see you at the meeting at eight yesterday evening. Why
— I _______for an important telephone call at that moment.
A. wait B. waited
C. am waiting D. was waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：—昨天开会的时候我没看见你。为什么？—那时我正在等一个很重要的电话。根据句子中at eight yesterday evening 和at that moment可知用过去进行时。故答案选D。
B. 通过动词比较表示
例2. While Mike __________computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing
C. will play D. plays
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。is playing现在进行时；was playing过去进行时；will play一般将来时； plays一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生，后面 came 是过去式，所以前面要用过去进行时，构成是was/were＋doing，故答案选B。
（2）表示表示过去某阶段正在发生的动作
例3. — When did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A. have had B. were having
C. are having D. have
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—刘老师，暴风雨什么时候来的？—昨天下午我们正在上化学课的时候。have had现在完成时；were having过去进行时； are having现在进行时；have一般现在时。根据句意可知，和yesterday afternoon可知，应表示过去某阶段（昨天下午）发生的动作，故选B。
六、现在完成时
1. 结构：have/has done
被动：have/has been done
2. 用法及考点：
（1）表示动作发生在过去一直延续到现在，并且还有可能继续下去的动作
例1：I have studied English for 10 years
注: 在表示该用法时，要注意以下两点
.A. 谓语动词必须是延续性动词；
B. 必须加上表示“时间段”的时间状语。如，
①since+时间点或从句
②up to now, so far, until now, up until(till) now, by now
③in/over/during/for the + past/last +一段时间
④for+一段时间
⑤recently，in recent years/months/weeks等
例2. —It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.
—How time flies! We ___________ in our hometown for such a long time.
A. work B. worked
C. has worked D. have worked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—我们回到凉山20年了。—时光飞逝!我们在家乡工作了这么长的时间。work动词的一般现在时的原形；worked动词的过去式；has worked动词的现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数；have worked动词的现在完成时态。主语we是复数；根据“for such a long time”可知强调动作的持续，用现在完成时have worked。故选D。
（2）表示，对现在有影响
例2.— The window is dirty.
— I know. It _______ for weeks.
A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean
C. wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：—这个窗户脏了？—我知道。已经有好几个星期没有擦了。根据句意可知动作发生在过去，同时对现在造成了影响，即窗户脏了，所以排除BC，又因为clean与主语it表示被动关系，所以答案为D
（3）有明显的现在完成时的时间状语标志词
例1. The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
例2. Up to now, the program _______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
例3. Progress _______ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
A. was B. had been
C. has been D. will be
例4. In the last few years thousands of films _________all over the word.
A. have produced B. have been produced
C. are producing D. are being produced
例5. The construction of the two new railway lines _______ by now.
A. has completed B. have completed
C. have been completed D. has been completed
例6. — Do you think we should accept that offer
— Yes, we should, for we ______ such bad luck up till now, and time ______ out.
A. have had; is running B. had; is running
C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run
例7. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn't taste like anything I _______ before.
A. was having B. have
C. have ever had D. had ever had
注意：before位于句末，主句用完成时态，若主句是现在时或无动词时，则用现在完成时，若主句是过去时态，则用过去完成时
例8. This is the first time we _______ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen
C. saw D. have seen
注意：This/It is the +序数词+ time+（that）从句+ have/has done
七、过去完成时
1. 结构：had done
被动：had been done
2. 用法：表示过去的过去
问题：如何表达过去的过去这个概念？
A. 通过动词做比较
例1. Frank was very disappointed because he ________the chance to win the game. （2011年）
A. will lose B. lose
C. has lost D. had lost
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：弗兰克非常的失望因为失去了赢得比赛的机会。因为lose这个动作发生在was very disappointed之前，表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，故答案为D
B. 通过时间状语表示：by/before/until + 过去时间
例3. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son __________from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduated D. had graduated
例4. Experiments of this kind ________in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
例5. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken
C. haven’t spoken D. haven't been speaking
答案：DDB
八、将来完成时
1. 结构：will have done
2. 用法：表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作
注意：在体育单招考试中，只需记住标志词即可：by+将来时间，并且近十年考试中，只在2015年考过一次，所以只需了解即可，不作为重点内容复习。
例1. By the time you get this letter, I _________the country. （2015年体育单招英语真题）
A. will leave B. will have left
C. would leave D. am leaving
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。根据：By+表示将来的时间，主句用将来完成时，可知答案为B。句意：到你收到这封信的时候，我讲已经离开这个国家了。
例2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt __________ for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. left
例3. — Tommy is planning to buy a car.
— I know. By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.
A. saves B. saved
C. will save D. will have saved
答案：CD
动词时态和语态解题思路
1. 先判断是否有标志词，若有标志词，则根据标志词直接判断时态
2. 再判断句中是否有过去动词，若有，则要选的动词，一般也要用相应的过去时态
3. 若既没有标志词也没有过去动词，则根据句意判断时态
4. 时态判断完之后，再判断一下语态，即主动还是被动
5. 最后，判断一下是否使用三单