2022届陕西省部分地区高三一模英语试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案解析）

2022届陕西省部分地区高三一模英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
陕西省宝鸡市金台区2022届高三第一次模拟检测英语试题
一、阅读理解
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
1．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings
A．The 20th B．The 17th
C．The 18th D．The 13th
2．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown
A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.
C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.
3．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery
A．Charing Cross. B．Leicester Square.
C．Embankment. D．Piccadilly Circus.
The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday
Finding: A full 3% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day
Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday
Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most importantly, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs
Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
4．What is found out about American seniors
A．Most of them have good habits.
B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.
C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.
D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.
5．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.
A．twice a day B．eight times a day C．four times a day D．three times a day
6．Which of the following is true according to the text
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
C．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle
7．The text probably comes from ________.
A．a popular magazine B．a book review
C．a guide book D．an official document
Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom,and the capital,Buenos Aires,attracted many people.Farmers,as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy,came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn’t pay well,and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city,the dance known as the tango(探戈舞) came into being.
At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men,so if a man didn’t want to be left out,his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually,the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time,strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe,they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes.Though not everyone approved of the new dance,saying it was a little too shocking,the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity(流行) of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War Ⅰ brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926,and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador,and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.
8．The origin of the tango is associated with 　　　.
A．belly dancers
B．American soldiers
C．a Spanish city
D．the capital of Argentina
9．Which of the following is TRUE about the tango
A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.
B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most.
C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning.
D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.
10．Before World War Ⅰ,the tango spread to 　　　.
A．America B．Japan
C．France D．South Korea
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．How to Dance the Tango
B．The History of the Tango
C．How to Promote the Tango
D．The Modern Tango Boom
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand of them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At round the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
12．What might explain why transport wheel didn’t become popular for some time
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
13．What do we know about road design from the passage
A．It was easier than wheel design.
B．It imported after big changes in vehicle design.
C．It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
14．How is the last paragraph mainly developed
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order. D．By making classifications.
15．What is the passage mainly about
A．The beginning of road design. B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport. D．The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区2022届高三第一次教学质量检测英语试题
一、阅读理解
Hot air balloon festivals are held annually in many places throughout the year. Here are some of the best hot air balloon festivals around the world.
The Saga Balloon Festival
More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five-day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.
The most beautiful sight at the Saga Balloon Festival happens in the evenings. The balloons all light up at once and an extraordinary glow is reflected in the river.
The balloon festival in Saga takes place in early November.
The Leon Balloon Festival
The first Leon International Balloon Festival took place in 2002 with just 25 balloons. It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America. Like at other festivals, the balloons come in different colors and shapes.
The yearly balloon celebration takes place from November 15 to November 18.
The Albuquerque Balloon Festival
The biggest hot air balloon festival in the world takes place in the American city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. There are about 600 balloons and pilots from around the world.
The festival also appeals to photographers and it has long included a competition for best pictures of the celebration.
This festival takes place from the first weekend of October to the second weekend, lasting 9 days every year.
The Chateau- d'Oex Balloon Festival
The Chateau- d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival got its start in 1979, when 12 balloons from five countries gathered to promote Chateau- d'Oex at the suggestion of Hans Brücker. The festival grew over the years, and in 1999，the first hot air balloon to fly around the globe without stopping left from Chateau- d'Oex. These days the festival hosts a number of special events and contests, drawing balloonists from all over the world. The festivities include a unique children 's themed night show with fireworks and music.
This festival takes place in the last week of January and lasts 5 days every year.
1．How many balloons were shown at the 2019 Saga International Balloon Festival
A．Only 20. B．Just 25. C．More than 100. D．About 600.
2．Which is the largest balloon festival in Latin America
A．The Leon Balloon Festival. B．The Saga Balloon Festival.
C．The Albuquerque Balloon Festival. D．The Chateau- d'Oex Balloon Festival.
3．What is special about Chateau- d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival
A．It is best known for colorful balloons.
B．It has a children 's themed night show.
C．It starts the earliest and lasts the longest.
D．It draws balloonists from different countries.
When I was a boy, we lived 4 miles outside of town. We lived next to the forest and I would spend hours every day playing in it with the oak (橡树) and maple trees as my companions. I would climb up their limbs, sit in their shade, and feel their peace.
That is why it was so hard for me when I found myself to be a lumberjack as a young man. It wasn't just the back breaking work, the long hours, and the low pay. It was also seeing day after day beautiful trees that had grown for half a century being sawed (锯) up and cut into flooring. Still, I couldn't help but think that they looked a lot more lovely as living trees reaching up to Heaven than as dead flooring lying under my feet.
One afternoon after a long day's work, I was feeling particularly down and depressed.I decided to take a walk in the woods like I had as a boy in hopes of lifting my spirits and calming my soul. As I walked along with my aching back and tired body, I longed for those happy childhood days. I dropped my head frustratedly and looked down at the dirt. That is when I saw it: a single, red oak acorn (橡子) that had somehow survived the hungry deer and squirrels all winter long.Then I remembered something I'd read once: “Eventually an acorn becomes a forest!” I smiled, bent down, dug up a handful of dirt, and planted that little acorn, feeling peace and joy warming my heart. Then I walked back home happy once again to be a part of God's green earth.
In this life we all start out as an acorn, but whether we become a forest or not is up to us. God gives us this glorious life here to grow, learn, laugh, love,share, smile, and help others to do the same.Embrace this gift of life. Use it to every day stretch your soul towards Heaven and create a mighty forest of love.
4．Which of the following can best describe the author's childhood
A．Carefree
B．Dull.
C．Plain.
D．Miserable.
5．What does the underlined word “lumberjack” mean in the second paragraph
A．A person who plants trees.
B．A person who waters trees.
C．A person who cuts trees.
D．A person who protects the forest.
6．What did the author do when walking in the woods
A．He climbed up an oak tree.
B．He planted a little oak acorn.
C．He came across a book he had ever read.
D．He found some hungry deer and squirrels.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Accepting the gift of life.
B．Taking a walk in the woods.
C．Experiencing a typical working day.
D．Refreshing the unforgettable memory.
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog has a much shorter life span — about 12 to 15 years long — than humans, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech is planning to introduce their business to UK dog owners, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around 63,000 (614,000 yuan). But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cells in a laboratory and access them at a later date. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exact same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian. However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.
Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
8．According to the article, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation is ______.
A．working on plans to help dog owners enjoy their pets longer
B．offering a way to help dogs give birth to more puppies
C．providing a service that will make copies of pet dogs
D．introducing a completely new technique to clone dogs
9．Which of the following statements about dog cloning is TRUE according to the article
A．Dog cloning technology hadn’t been put into practice until recently.
B．Dog cloning is very expensive and usually takes several months to complete.
C．Dog cloning is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
D．Cloned dogs might develop different habits and characteristics even though they look very similar.
10．Which of the following shows the correct order of the dog cloning process
a. an egg is taken from another dog
b. a skin cell is taken from the pet dog and saved in a laboratory
c. the egg is placed in the womb of a female dog
d. the DNA of the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell
e. the egg grows into a puppy in two months
A．acbde. B．adbce. C．bacde. D．badce.
11．We can learn from the article that Kirkwood ______ dog cloning.
A．disapproves of B．supports C．is afraid of D．is curious about
Many studies have shown that getting more exercise is good for our brain. But can it happen the other way around Can working on elevating mood help us to exercise more The answer to this question is positive.
A study conducted by Emmons and McCullough formed three groups. One group was told to journal once a week and list 5 things that happened during the week that they were grateful for. Another group was told to journal once a week and list 5 things that had been a problem for them. A third group was told to journal once a week about 5 things that affected them, but were not given instruction as to whether they should be positive or negative.
After 10 weeks, the group that had focused on gratitude ended up 25%happier than the other two groups. Astonishingly, the gratitude group also exercised almost 1. 5 hours longer per week than the other groups.
Daniel Amen, in his book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, notes that emotional tagging of events is critical to survival. If we tag an event negatively, it can cause an avoidance response. If we tag an event positively, it can drive us to action.
Apparently, our survival is more dependent on being able to perceive a threat to our being, rather than notice that something good is happening. Focusing on the negative can cause us to lose sight of the big picture.
Jonathan Haidt, in his book The Happiness Hypothesis, explains that once we take a negative stance, we look for evidence that supports it. If we find some evidence-enough so that our position makes sense-we stop thinking. When this happens, often people will not start a change of thinking for themselves.
Jonathan Haidt notes that gratitude increases one's sense of control over a situation. A sense of control can bring about an increase in action, energy, and happiness. This can translate into sustained optimism, the ability to consider new options, set new goals, and, yes, even exercise more.
12．What were the three groups in Emmons and McCullough's study asked to do
A．Write five things down B．Take exercise regularly
C．Focus on being thankful D．Express their true feelings
13．Why is emotional tagging significant
A．It protects us from negative emotions. B．It allows us to think in a positive way.
C．It tells us how to manage our feelings. D．It determines how we respond to events.
14．How can being grateful benefit us according to Jonathan Haidt
A．It helps us to get rid of unrealistic goals. B．We feel situations are more controllable.
C．It is a great way to stop thinking too much. D．We will regard everything around wonderful.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．Changing Thinking Model Is Necessary B．Staying Optimistic Brings Active Thinking
C．Working Out Regularly Is Good for Our Brain D．Being Grateful Motivates Us to Exercise More
陕西省西安市临潼区2022届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
The heat of competitions is a funny thing. And it is also a way of making us better. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) competitions are no different, offering local, and even national events across a number of related subjects.
Congressional App Challenge (CAC)
What: A public challenge where students must build an app of their choice. The apps are judged in competitions hosted by Members of Congress.
When: The challenge takes place from July through early November.
Prize: Winners receive recognition by their Member of Congress and have their work put on display in the Capitol Building.
Emperor Science Award (ESA)
What: A competition committed to helping develop students who have a passion for e and join in the next generation of cancer researchers.
When: Check the website for 2021 deadlines.
Prize: 100 winning students will be paired with a university-level mentoring scientist to work together on a cancer research project. Students will also receive a Google Chromebook and $1,500 for project expenses!
Regeneron Science Talent Search (RSTS)
What: The nation’s oldest and most respected science competition. Competitors to this competition must conduct an original research project and supplement their applications with recommendation letters.
When: Applications for the 2022 competition opened in summer 2021.
Prize: Over $2 million in awards are given; first-place prize is $250,000.
Think Challenges
What: Organized by a group of undergraduates from MIT, this competition is for high school students who are in the early stages of an original research project.
When: 2021 registration is now closed; check back soon for 2022 details!
Prize: Selected finalists are invited to 4-day all-expenses-paid trip to MIT’s campus to meet professors and tour labs! Finalists also have weekly mentorship (导师制) meetings and are given $1, 000 to fund their research project.
1．If you have interest in designing app, you’d better apply for ________.
A．Emperor Science Award B．Congressional App Challenge
C．Regeneron Science Talent Search D．Think Challenges
2．What makes RSTS special
A．It is hosted by Members of Congress.
B．It aims to develop cancer researchers.
C．It is organized by a group of MIT undergraduates.
D．It is the most ancient and highly recognized.
3．Which of the following can be learned from the text
A．All competitors in CAC will have works shown in Capitol Building.
B．Winners in ESA will work on cancer with other students.
C．2022 registration for Think Challenge will be opened soon.
D．The first place winner in RSTS will win the least money.
Camelli’s duty was simple: to give back to the community where she was raised. Warren, Ohio lies just thirteen miles north of Youngstown, the former center of steel production, and now one of the neediest cities in the country. Both cities’ populations and its finance have been on the decline each year, with unemployment rates surpassing both the state and national average.
But it wasn’t always this way. Thirty years ago, when Camelli was a student at Howland High School, the school where she now teaches Advanced Placement Psychology, “The poorness level was around 6%,” she says. Today, it is closer to 40%.
This financial condition influences everything from the way students learn, to their ability to deal with social and emotional issues. Knowing this, Camelli created Paw Pantry. Whether it’s for food, clothes, school supplies or personal hygiene (卫生) products ,students and their parents can go on the district’s website and fill out a request form for Paw Pantry products. They can choose to pick their items up—or have them delivered—at school.
Camelli mentioned Paw Pantry when she attended her high school activity in 2017. It made her former classmates aware of how their hometown has changed over the years. “Soon, money started pouring in from all over the country, all over the world,” she says.
In just a year and a half since the Paw Pantry began, Camelli has received plenty of non-perishable (不易变质的) food, clothing, lunch boxes, backpacks, school supplies—even home goods, including a refrigerator, a washer and dryer, and a stove.
Camelli actively shows her students the power of connection. “I’m definitely kinder because of Ms. Camelli. Ms. Camelli is a mother, but she’s also a mother figure for all of us”. Blake says “Ms. Camelli, you will never understand how happy this act of your caring had made me,” she added.
Camelli is a community activist, a mental heath supporter, and by many people’s standards, she’s most certainly a hero, but she doesn’t see herself that way. And that’s what she as a teacher should do.
4．What does the underlined word “neediest” in the first paragraph mean
A．Liveliest. B．Riskiest. C．Remotest. D．Poorest.
5．What can we infer from the passage
A．Paw Pantry didn’t go well.
B．Paw Pantry gained much support.
C．Camelli was hopeful about Paw Pantry’s future.
D．Many people treated Paw Pantry with doubt.
6．How does Blake feel about Ms. Camelli
A．Grateful. B．Annoyed. C．Unconcerned. D．Confused.
7．What can we learn about Camelli from the last paragraph
A．She feels great about herself.
B．She won’t continue her teaching career.
C．She thinks that she just does what a teacher does.
D．She doesn’t think she has done enough.
It is generally acknowledged that a time-out, a method of checking misbehavior by removing the child from his or her current situation for a few minutes of quiet time, is bad for children’s emotional and behavioral health. However, a new study suggests that despite always getting criticized, the common disciplinary (纪律的) strategy isn’t linked to harmful effects on children.
Researchers compared emotional and behavioral health between kids whose parents reported using time-outs and those who didn’t over a roughly eight-year period. The result: no difference. There was no association between reported use of time-outs and negative symptoms in later childhood, including anxiety, depression, internalizing or externalizing problems, aggression, rule-breaking behavior, or self-control, according to the findings in Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (儿科学).
“Parents are constantly questioning whether they are doing the right thing for their children. Unfortunately the first place many parents go for advice is the Internet — not a medical provider. There is a lot of conflicting information on the Web that isn’t accurate,” says lead author Rachel Knight, PhD, pediatric psychologist at University of Michigan C．S. Mott Children’s Hospital. “In fact, they may not be aware that time-out is one of the child discipline strategies currently recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics.”
Further studies are needed to continue evaluating specific claims made against time-outs and both their short-term and long-term effects across different populations and ages. Experts also need to find more effective ways to communicate evidence-based information to parents.
“As we further our understanding about how different parenting strategies affect children, we need to present findings in an easily digestible and accessible way for the public,” she also says, “Our goal is to clear up misconceptions and promote the use of the highly effective, evidence-based strategies that will best guide parents and families.”
8．What do people generally think of a time-out
A．It has negative effects on children.
B．It is an ineffective way of punishment.
C．It is a method to assess children’s misbehavior.
D．It has nothing to do with harmful effects on children.
9．What can be inferred from Knight’s words in the third paragraph
A．Most young parents lack medical knowledge.
B．Some information on the Internet needs regulating.
C．She is concerned about the overuse of time-outs.
D．The more time-outs are used, the better children behave.
10．What is the target of Knight’s further research
A．To recommend some effective strategies to parents.
B．To remove people’s misunderstanding about time-outs.
C．To appeal to government to regulate information on the Net.
D．To warn parents of getting evidence-based information from experts.
11．What’s the best title for the text
A．How Parents Use Time-out Correctly
B．Time-outs Bad for Children’s Behavioral Health
C．Some Highly Effective Strategies to Guide Parents
D．Time-outs Not Associated with Negative Effects on Children
You probably don’t think of scientific or medical instruments as the kind of instruments that actually make music. But now researchers have built a scientific instrument specifically designed to detect counterfeit (伪造的) medications through sound.
The World Health Organization estimates about 10 percent of the medications in low and middle-income countries are fakes. Sometimes, dangerous ones. So the idea here is to fill the tube with a sample that’s known to be safe. Then compare it to a bottle you’re not so sure about.
“If you get the same pitch (音高) out of those two samples, it’s very good evidence that they’re probably the same material, and the suspect substance is a safe drug to take. But if you get a different pitch out of the two samples, that’s absolute proof that those two samples are chemically different. And that shows you there’s something wrong with the sample you were given and you probably shouldn’t take it.”
The instrument is designed to test only liquid samples for now. And while the human ear is sensitive enough to hear the difference between samples of air and water, the difference between a real and a counterfeit drug might be imperceptible to our ears. So Grover built a free website where users can upload recordings of the instrument, from their smartphone or computer, and analyze the hertz. Then repeat it with the suspect sample.
…in the hope of inspiring people around the world to build these things themselves. “I can literally make one of these out of junk in your garage in about five minutes probably. The hardest thing to come by is tubing. We’ve made them out of bent copper tubing like you get out of a radiator. Just junk, lying around. It’s remarkable how easy they are to make. My dream would be to have the instructions for making them and using them shared as widely as possible.”
It is, admittedly, a pretty convincing pitch.
12．What’s the passage mainly about
A．A scientific instrument. B．A pretty convincing tube.
C．A suspect sample. D．A dangerous instrument.
13．What’s the function of the instrument according to the passage
A．To give the buyer more drugs as a gift. B．To make the wonderful music.
C．To carry the liquid. D．To test fake medications through sound.
14．Where can you get the material to build this kind of scientific instrument
A．The junk in the garage. B．The junk in the drugstore.
C．The junk in the supermarket. D．The junk in the factory.
15．What can we learn about the instrument from the passage
A．Everyone can make it easily. B．It can play the music you like.
C．There is a long way to go. D．It is widely used to test medicine.
陕西省西安市临渭区2022届高三第一次质量检测英语试题
一、阅读理解
Activities in November
Holiday Market and Bake Sale in Monkton
This festival holiday event should definitely not be missed! Head over to the Friends Methodist House, 78 Monkton Ridge anytime Saturday morning to shop for some crafts(手工艺品)that were made locally. Also enjoy homemade chocolate, cakes, and other snacks! For more information, call 802-453-2870. NOV. 20, 9 AM-2 PM.
“West Side Story” on Stage in Brandon
If you need an excuse to cry, watching “West Side Story“ live is a pretty good one. Otter Valley Union High School(OVUHS)will be hosting Walking Stick Theatre’s production of “West Side Story. ”Advanced tickets are $ 8 at the OVUHs Library. Tickets are $ 8 at the door for students and seniors, $ 10 for adults. NOV. 21, 7 PM-9 PM.
Lecture on Bali in Bristol
Join the community in hearing a lecture by Dr. Carla Osgood and Dr. David Osgood entitled “Bali: Consciousness, Culture and Community” at the Lawrence Memorial Library in Bristol. They have spent 20 years teaching in Bali, and are sure to provide an invaluable view. NOV. 21. 7 PM-8:30 PM.
Wolfing down and Digestion in Middlebury
Love listening to stories Attend the StoryMatters meeting on Tuesday at IIsley Library. The local group will share stories all on the topic of food. There will also be a teaching session after the stories during which trainers will help with the process of storytelling. For more information, email larl7g@ . NOV. 24, 10 AM-2 PM.
1．Where can handmade snacks be bought
A．In Monkton.
B．In Brandon.
C．In Bristol.
D．In Middlebury.
2．How can you get a ticket for “West Side Story“ in advance
A．By calling 802-453-2870 to book it.
B．By emailing lar17g@.
C．By buying it at the OVUHS Library.
D．By contacting Carla Osgood or David Osgood.
3．Which of the following should you attend if you want to improve your storytelling skills
A．Lecture on Bali.
B．“West Side Story” on Stage.
C．Wolfing down and Digestion.
D．Holiday Market and Bake Sale.
43-year-old John Chadwick started live-streaming (直播) life of the birds with their chicks.But just weeks after uploading the videos to YouTube, he gained millions of views from around the world.
John said, “To think that tens of millions of people have been watching the birds from around the world is just incredible and quite overwhelming.”
The sound engineer bought the bird box by accident. He placed it on a willow tree in his back garden in March, and within hours two blue tits (蓝冠山雀) moved in and they had five chicks. At first, he only wanted to show his family what the birds were up to.
John said, “Within a day the birds moved in, and I wanted to know what was going on inside. I started to livestream and do video highlights every day-on the first day 100 people watched it. It showed things like the chicks being fed in the nests as the parents carried in caterpillars (毛毛虫). After three months, I had 2, 000 subscribers.”
John decided to put a final video together and keep it as short as possible-showing the birds going into the nests, the eggs hatching, and the chicks fledging(长羽毛).
Now despite the huge global success of the videos, John is unlikely to make enough for a nest egg of his own. He still needs to struggle for his family. But some people say they find it quite relaxing and genuinely fascinated by John’s videos.
He said, “My personal challenge to myself was to get out of my comfortable zone. And I enjoy exploring new areas. But I keep in mind that I need to care for my family.”
4．Why did John livestream birds’ life at first
A．To kill time at home.
B．To know more about the birds.
C．To get him closer to his family.
D．To call on people to shelter blue tits.
5．What trouble is John faced with now
A．His financial problem.
B．Little blue tits’ settlements.
C．Improvement of his final video.
D．Challenges from online viewers.
6．Which words can best describe John
A．Intelligent and hardworking.
B．Helpful and wise.
C．Knowledgeable and generous.
D．Adventurous and responsible.
7．What would be the best title for the text
A．A Bird Lover’s Video of Blue Tits Attracts Millions of Fans
B．A Video Raises People’s Awareness of Protecting Birds
C．Technology Can Greatly Affect the Survival of Wildlife
D．A Bird Lover Makes Efforts to Protect Rare Blue Tits
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
8．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A．Soil pollution. B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines. D．Low profitability.
9．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass. B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field. D．Predict weather changes.
10．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living. B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots. D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
11．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle. B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing. D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
Papua New Guinea is an island nation north of Australia with a population of more than 9, 100. 000 people. It is recognized for its cultural diversity, as most of its population lives in traditional indigenous (土著的)communities.A result of this is that there are more than 850 active languages in the country today．
The earliest family of languages in the country, the Papua family appeared roughly 40, 000 years ago. The key to this language diversity is the isolationist (孤立主义的) tendencies of the tribes (部落) within Papua New Guinea. Tribes never made contact with one another, so each different language faced little risk of mixing with other languages or being replaced.
This changed with the arrival of Europeans in the 19th century. They introduced the people of apua New Guinea to English and other European languages. The combination of English and native languages has resulted in a form of language called Tok Pisin, which is the most common language in the country. Speaking Tok Pisin and English can help a young Papua New Guinean find more opportunities outside of their villages.
However, the disadvantage is that with more people speaking Tok Pisin or English, many of the indigenous languages are in danger. A study of indigenous languages in Papua New Guinea found that only 58% of students could speak an indigenous language. Meanwhile, 91% of their parents were fluent in their native tongues. If this pace continues, many of these languages are at risk. Some of Papua New Guinea’s languages are already in vulnerable places with fewer than 100 known speakers.
Each language represents a piece of culture that could not be replaced if every speaker dies out. To help keep these languages alive, linguists (语言学家) have worked with indigenous Papua New Guineans to create dictionaries and grammatical guides. Technology is used to record the language, meaning that even if the last known speaker of a language dies, evidence of the tongue still exists. While this can help keep a language from dying, teaching indigenous languages in local schools can truly keep the languages alive.
12．What has led to the language diversity in Papua New Guinea
A．Many foreigners’ arrival in history.
B．Local governments’ encouragement.
C．The large population in this small country.
D．The lack of communication between tribes.
13．What do we know about Tok Pisin
A．It is usually spoken out of the country.
B．It was invented completely by Europeans.
C．It contributes to spreading native languages.
D．It is popular among the younger generation.
14．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Especially important.
B．Able to be easily hurt.
C．Different in some way.
D．In a position of authority.
15．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The importance of ancient languages.
B．Ways to teach students native languages.
C．Efforts to preserve endangered languages.
D．The bright future of indigenous languages.
陕西省西安市阎、高、蓝、周四区2022届高三一模英语试题
一、阅读理解
Endless adventures for teenagers
The world is full of mountains to climb, waves to surf and paths to follow. With junior membership you'll have unlimited access to all of the amazing places we look after, inside and out.
Go wild for watersports
Ever ridden a crashing wave or rowed under chalky cliffs (峭壁) Feel alive as you surf the white water at Portstewart Strand on a body board or look at the blue seas of Studland Bay in a glass-bottomed boat. Climb, jump and swim your way around the dramatic Pembrokeshire coastline, all under the guidance of an expert instructor.
Sleep under the stars
Spend a week in the wild on a family camping trip at Wicken Fen. Listen for barn owls hooting and badgers snuffling. Wake up beside the water at Low Wray campsite. Hire bikes, paddleboards or rowing boats for an action-packed day out before refuelling with tasty pizza from a wood-fired oven.
Capture (拍摄) the moment
Head for the Farne Islands to shoot puffins landing on the cliffs and grey seals resting on the rocks. On still days you'll be able to take pictures of Snowdonia's peaks reflected in the lake's clear waters. And with 500 photogenic places to visit with your membership, you'll never be short of things to capture.
Grow your skills
Love being outdoors Learn practical conservation skills and meet new people at your local Green Academies Project. Whether creating a natural play area or planting trees, you'll feel proud to care for the nature on your doorstep.
1．What do adventures around the Pembrokeshire coastline provide
A．Free bike hire. B．A glass-bottomed boat.
C．Expert recommendation. D．Professional guidance.
2．Where can teenagers camp
A．On the Farne Islands. B．At Studland Bay.
C．At Wicken Fen. D．At Portstewart Strand.
3．What do we know about the Green Academies Project
A．It encourages conservation efforts. B．It is intended for research lovers.
C．It teaches photographic skills. D．It is run indoors.
From the moment we wake up and check the messages on our smartphones, we’re exposed to text design. Throughout our day, storefronts and websites announce themselves, first and foremost, through the typefaces (字体) they use. For Adonian Chan, a 33-year-old graphic designer born in Hong Kong and co-founder of design company Trilingua, the different texts we encounter in our daily lives amount to what he calls a “visual landscape”.
In his hometown, signs written in traditional Chinese characters can be found around every corner. One calligraphy style, above all, has come to represent Hong Kong for Chan: Beiwei Kaishu, a dynamic way of writing that has its origins in 4th-century China. After World War I II, Beiwei Kaishu was used in Hong Kong signs, partly because it is highly legible, even from far distances. What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unique construction, striking lines and unexpected angles, says Chan.
But with the appearance of computer-generated typefaces and LED signs, Chan says he observed that signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. As a consequence, few designers working today are aware of the Beiwei Kaishu style, he says.
In 2016,Chan asked Wong Gok Longa master of calligraphy in Hong Kong, to teach him to write in the Beiwei Kaishu style. Chan then started the process of digitizing the characters. He first wrote the characters on paper with a brush and ink, which gave him a sense of proportion. Next, he made a pencil sketch (素描). Finally, he recreated the characters digitally, using a computer program called Glyphs.
He has named his typeface Beiwei Zansyu and hopes it will eventually appear on phones and computers. “Chan’s effort is more than missing bygone eras — it's reinterpreting and continuing our heritage (遗产) ins more contemporary life,” says Keith Tam, head of communication design at the Hong Kong Design Institute.
4．What does the underlined word “legible” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Original. B．Sensitive.
C．Readable. D．Variable.
5．Why did Chan begin to learn to study Beiwei Kaishu
A．His talent for the writing style was spotted by a master.
B．He received an invitation to design a traditional sign.
C．His colleagues encouraged him to create a new style.
D．He found the writing style declined in Hong Kong.
6．What's Tam's attitude to Chan's work
A．Skeptical. B．Approving.
C．Ambiguous. D．Uncaring.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The art of digitizing ancient calligraphy
B．The difficulty in practicing calligraphy
C．Why should we observe tradition
D．How does text design influence our life
According to the statistics shared by UNESCO, at least 43% of the total languages that are estimated as being spoken across the world are in danger of extinction. Moreover, many languages around the world have less than 1,000 speakers now. Linguists (语言学家) and researchers believe that by the end of the century, at least half of the world' s languages will have died. This is troublesome, given that cultural identity and languages go hand in hand.
Language activists and people who speak these endangered languages are fighting back tooth and nail. Scientists believe that digitalization might be our only hope to preserve some of these quickly disappearing languages in the online world.
For instance, Oxford University Press launched Oxford Global Languages a few years ago. It is an initiative that boosts “digitally underrepresented” languages. They are focused on promoting languages that might have close to a million speakers worldwide, yet have little or no online presence. Therefore, they have been creating digital dictionaries as a fundamental building block to help preserve them.
There have been countless other projects like this with the same aim. Another is the Rosetta Project, which aims to create a handheld digital library that will carry more than 1,500 languages. It will be appropriately sized to fit nicely into our hands, and will come with around 13,000 pages of information. It will also have a high life expectancy of anywhere between 2,000 and 10,000 years. Initiatives like these have their primary objective to ensure the preservation of local languages long after their speakers have died.
Countless languages are dying every day, and they will continue to perish as the remaining speakers die. Of course, we cannot merely rely on digitization to deal with worldwide languages loss. However, it is a step in the right direction. These digital tools offer endangered languages an opportunity to bounce back and survive .
8．What does the data in paragraph 1 mainly show
A．Many languages are endangered.
B．Culture determines language evolution.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Many linguists attempt to protect threatened languages.
9．What does Oxford Global Languages try to do
A．Promote online courses of local languages.
B．Publish paper dictionaries of global languages.
C．Increase dying language speakers to a million.
D．Make certain languages available in digital form.
10．What can we learn about the digital library to be created by the Rosetta Project
A．It is portable but has a short life.
B．It is sponsored by Oxford University Press.
C．It provides protection for linguistic diversity.
D．It contains automatically updated information.
11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “perish” in the last paragraph
A．Be enriched. B．Be lost.
C．Be acquired. D．Be invented.
In an office building of Helsinki, Finland, a social worker is meeting six elderly people for lunch-via tablets propped on their kitchen tables. While many countries with growing elderly populations are building new care homes, Finland is looking after people in their own homes-by means of technology.
The most common reason for a home visit by a social worker is to check that Grandma is taking her medicine. A pill-dispensing (配药的) robot in her home can do that. Each holds a two-week supply of multiple drugs, gives a reminder when it is time to take them and dispenses the right combination. For one in five people who try them the robots don't work, usually because Grandma is reluctant to take lots of pills. But for the rest, they have cut medication-related visits from 30 to just four a month.
The idea of old folk living alone perhaps worries Finnish people less than many others; Finns pride themselves on their rugged self-reliance. A welcome pack for foreign journalists includes a book of cartoons depicting “Finnish nightmares”, such as having to say “hello" to a neighbour. Social isolation, however, is a big problem for the elderly because it leads to faster cognitive and physical decline. To deal with that, Helsinki runs virtual get-togethers for its homebound elderly. These should be regarded as extras, though. A degree of personal interaction, not just the virtual kind, is surely necessary even for Finns.
The biggest challenge for both humans and devices is to spot problems early. Local tech companies, including MariCare Oy and Benete, have developed systems to gather data on things like how often a person visits the bathroom or opens the fridge. Care workers use such data to prioritise whom to visit and what to check for. Not opening the fridge as often, for example, is a hint that memory problems may be getting worse.
The biggest gain from technology may be that it makes it easier to keep old people fit enough to remain in their own homes. This is much cheaper, and usually nicer, too.
12．How does Finland look after its elderly
A．By building more new care homes.
B．By offering them remote-care services.
C．By increasing the population of social workers.
D．By creating more senior-accessible public areas.
13．How can a pill-dispensing robot help
A．It comforts the elderly reluctant to take pills
B．It reminds nurses to restore an elderly's drug supply.
C．It ensures the doctors give the right combination of pills.
D．It saves social workers the trouble of frequent home visits
14．What might the author suggest the Finns do
A．Make some face-to-face contact.
B．Stick to their tradition of self-reliance.
C．Run as many virtual get-togethers as possible.
D．Keep a safe social distance with their neighbours.
15．What is a shared goal of MariCare Oy and Benete
A．Freeing the homebound elderly from restrictions.
B．Helping the elderly suffer less from memory loss.
C．Identifying potential health problems of the elderly.
D．Developing household systems suitable for the elderly.
参考答案
陕西省宝鸡市金台区2022届高三第一次模拟检测英语试题
1．D 2．B 3．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的展品以及这个展馆的布置、开馆的时间等情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的ranging from 13th century religious paintings to...可知人们可以在这里看到13世纪的宗教图画。B、C、D三项中的图画都没有涉及religious这个词。故选A。
2．细节理解题。由第三段中的The main West Wing houses 16th century paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci...可知，达 芬奇的作品可以在the main West Wing中看到，因此选B。其他几个地方都没有展出达 芬奇的画。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Nearest underground stations：Charing Cross(2 minute walk)．..可知，Charing Cross离国家美术馆只有步行2分钟的路程，其他几个地方离国家美术馆的距离都比Charing Cross远。故选D。
【点睛】细节理解题解题思路与应试技巧
细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。
3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。
干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：
1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。
2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。
3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。
4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。
5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
4．D 5．B 6．B 7．A
【分析】试题分析：这是一篇调查报告，主要关注美国老年人健康习惯的问题。文章列出几种老年人需要遵守的良好健康习惯状况的调查结果，并分别提供相应的专家建议。
4．细节理解题。由第一个问题部分Finding提到的“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约三分之一的美国老年人每天仅刷一次牙。故选D。
5．推理判断题。由第二个问题部分Finding提到的“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day---half of the number which doctors recommend”可知，几乎百分之三十的老年人一天只洗四次手——是医生推荐量的一半，因此推断医生建议一天要洗八次手。故选B。
6．细节理解题。由第三个问题Step部分的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else ”可知，厨房海绵携带病菌的数量要比厕所还要多。故选B。
7．推理判断题。本文主要讲述美国老年人的健康习惯，是一篇健康类说明文，因此推断应该刊登在受欢迎的杂志上，而不是书评，导游小册子或者官方文件。故选A。
【点睛】文章出处类题目应从文章的内容或结构入手。从文章的内容上来看，主要有说明文(主要涉及广告和旅游指南等)、议论文(主要涉及影评、书评、新闻评论、正反对比议论文等)。从文章的结构上来看，新闻报道类文章一般在第一段概括全文内容，后面陈述细节，前面都会出现日期、地点或通讯社等名称。广告的格式特殊，语言简练。产品说明会出现产品名称或操作方式等。网站文章通常会出现click，online，web，website，video等字眼，有时还会提供网址等。旅游指南类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。例如小题4，从文章内容上可知，本文主要讲述美国老年人的健康习惯，是一篇健康类说明文，因此推断应该刊登在受欢迎的杂志上，而不是书评，导游小册子或者官方文件。故选A。
8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了探戈舞的起源，舞蹈形式发展以及各个时期盛行情况，介绍了探戈舞历史。
8．推理判断题。文章第一段主要讲1870的阿根廷经济繁荣,它的首都布宜诺斯艾利斯吸引了来自世界各地的人,因为新来的人工资不高,又孤独,对新生活失望,这便是探戈舞产生的根源。belly dances是当时在欧洲流行的舞蹈之一，与探戈舞的起源无关，A项可排除。一战归来的美国士兵将探戈舞传到了北美，这是探戈舞的发展史，不是起源，B项也可排除。C项和D项为两个地名，根据第一段以及最后一句As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango (探戈舞) came into being。可知大量的人来到阿根廷的首都，因对生活不太满意，才慢慢形成了探戈舞。所以舞蹈形成是跟阿根廷首都有关。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if a man didn’t want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.”因为女的跳舞的少，所以如果一个男的想不被淘汰的话，他唯一的选择就是和另一个男的跳来吸引几个有空的女人的眼球。可知的C项正确。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，探戈舞传到法国的时间比较早，在其诞生后不久就传到法国。其诞生时间大约在1870年，所以传到法国应该是在19世纪，在一战前，故选C。从最后一段可知，一战以后探戈到了北美,然后到了日本，后来到了韩国。因此C项符合题意。
11．主旨大意题。第一段主要讲述探戈的起源；第二段讲述探戈如何从底层社会进入高层社会；第三、四段讲述探戈的发展和流传。所以文章讲述的是探戈的历史。故选B项。
【点睛】文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。如第3小题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。如第2题就是。（5）事实排序型。
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。
12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。全文讲述了车轮发展历程及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.（这可能是因为动物在搬运农具和人类方面做得很好。）”可知，这是因为动物是一种很好的交通工具。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.（在现代道路设计到来之前，车轮和车辆的设计没有任何重要的变化。）”和文章第四段“As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.（随着车轮设计的发展，车辆的速度越来越快。）”可知，道路设计的发展促进了车轮的发展。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的时间数字In the mid-1700s、in the 1820s、in 1846、in 1967可知，最后一段是按照时间顺序发展的。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.（几乎每一台有活动部件的机器都有轮子，但是没有人确切地知道第一个轮子是什么时候发明的，或者它被用来做什么。然而，我们知道它们存在于5500多年前的古亚洲。）”可知，全文讲述了车轮发展历程及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。故选B。
陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区2022届高三第一次教学质量检测英语试题
1．C 2．A 3．B
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的国际气球节。
1．细节理解题。 根据The Saga Balloon Festival一节中“More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.( 2019年，来自约20个国家的100多个气球参加了在日本Saga举行的为期五天的年度比赛和庆祝活动。)”可知，有100多个气球参加了2019年的Saga气球节。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据The Le n Balloon Festival 一节中“It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America.( 它现在是拉丁美洲最大的气球节。)”可知，Le n气球节是拉丁美洲规模最大的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据The Chateau-d' Oex Balloon Festival 一节中“The festivities include a unique children's themed night show with fireworks and music. (庆祝活动包括一个独特的儿童主题夜间表演，有烟花和音乐。)”可推断， Chateau-d' Oex气球节的独特之处在其以儿童活动为主题的晚间表演节目。故选B。
4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者对森林的喜爱和在森林中种下小橡子的故事，并感悟，每个人都是一颗橡子，我们要拥抱赐予的生命，让自己成为一片森林，我们要接受生命的礼物，成长、学习、欢笑、爱、分享、微笑。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“We lived next to the forest and I would spend hours every day playing in it with the oak and maple trees as my companions. I would climb up their limbs, sit in their shade, and feel their peace.(我们住在森林旁边，我每天会花几个小时在森林里玩耍，橡木和枫树是我的同伴。我会爬上树干，坐在树荫下，感受它们的宁静) ”可推知，作者的童年在森林里渡过，无忧无虑。故选A项。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“It wasn't just the back breaking work, the long hours, and the low pay. It was also seeing day after day beautiful trees that had grown for half a century being sawed up and cut into flooring.(不仅仅是因为工作累，时间长，工资低。还因为日复一日地看着那些生长了半个世纪的美丽树木被锯开，切割成地板木材) ”可推知，作者的工作是伐木工。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“I smiled, bent down, dug up a handful of dirt, and planted that little acorn, feeling peace and joy warming my heart.(我笑了，弯下腰，挖了一把土，种下了那颗小小的橡子，心里感到和平与欢乐温暖了我)”可知，作者在森林散步时种了一颗小橡子。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者对森林的喜爱和在森林中种下小橡子的故事，最后一段“In this life we all start out as an acorn, but whether we become a forest or not is up to us. God gives us this glorious life here to grow, learn, laugh, love,share, smile, and help others to do the same. Embrace this gift of life. Use it to every day stretch your soul towards Heaven and create a mighty forest of love.(在这一生中，我们都是从一颗橡子开始的，但我们能否成为一片森林，取决于我们自己。上帝给了我们这个光荣的生命，让我们在这里成长、学习、欢笑、爱、分享、微笑，并帮助其他人也这样做。拥抱这生命的礼物。每天用它把你的灵魂延伸到天堂，创造一个巨大的爱的森林) ”作者感悟，可知，每个人都是一颗橡子，我们要拥抱赐予的生命，让自己成为一片森林，我们要接受生命的礼物，成长、学习、欢笑、爱、分享、微笑，A项“Accepting the gift of life.(接受生命的馈赠)”是最佳标题。故选A项。
8．C 9．D 10．D 11．A
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。当你的狗去世的时候，你是否愿意用克隆的方法来得到一只和它一模—样的狗呢？韩国的一家公司现在就在为人们提供这样的服务。
8．细节理解题。由第二段中的“The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. (自2005年首创这项技术以来，该公司已成功克隆了至少400只狗，主要面向美国客户)”可知，Sooam Biotech Research Foundation提供复制宠物狗的服务。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。由第四段中的“However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one. (然而，尽管克隆听起来很神奇，但并不能保证克隆狗会是原始狗的完美复制品)”和第五段“Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph. (狗主人也必须接受这样一个事实，即个性是不可“克隆”的。除了基因之外，人格也是由教养和环境决定的，这两个因素都是“克隆技术无法克服的随机因素”，英国纽卡斯尔大学的Tom Kirkwood教授对《每日电讯报》说)”可知，尽管克隆狗看起来非常相似，但克隆狗可能会发展出不同的习惯和特征。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。由第三段“Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. (同时，另一只狗被选中提供一个卵子。然后，研究人员用来自皮肤细胞的DNA替换卵子中的DNA，并将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫。在接下来的两个月里，卵子发育成了小狗。为了克隆一只狗，研究人员首先需要从一只活的或刚刚死去的狗身上取一个皮肤细胞)”可知，正确顺序为b.从宠物狗身上取下一个皮肤细胞保存在实验室里；a.从另一只狗身上取下一个卵子；d.卵子的DNA被皮肤细胞的DNA取代；c.卵子被放在母狗的子宫里；e.卵子两个月后就长成小狗了，badce正确。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. (也许带着克隆狗回来并不是记住它们的最好方式。)”和倒数第一段“Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”(Kirkwood自己也是一位狗主人，他指出：“我们和它们关系的一个重要方面就是要接受放手的痛苦。”)”可知，Kirkwood指出，在人与宠物之间的关系中，最重要的一方面就是处理好它们离去所带来的痛苦，倒数第二段也提到，也许用克隆的方式把宠物留在身边不是纪念它们的最好方法。由此可推测，Kirkwood是反对克隆狗的。故选A项。
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究证明，积极的情绪能让人更经常锻炼，文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及积极的情绪还可以给人带来的一些有益影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One group was told to journal once a week and list 5 things that happened during the week that they were grateful for. Another group was told to journal once a week and list 5 things that had been a problem for them. A third group was told to journal once a week about 5 things that affected them, but were not given instruction as to whether they should be positive or negative.(其中一组被要求每周写一次日记，列出一周内发生的5件他们感激的事情。另一组被要求每周写一次日记，并列出5件曾经困扰他们的事情。第三组被要求每周记录5件影响他们的事情，但没有指示他们应该是积极的还是消极的)”可知，在Emmons 和McCullough的研究中，三组人都被要求写下五件事。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Daniel Amen, in his book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, notes that emotional tagging of events is critical to s