2023届高三英语复习构词法在语法填空中的应用 课件-(37张ppt)

(共37张PPT)
构词法
在语法填空中的应用
1. time-travel TV drama
2. group purchasing
3. daddy-is-the-key
4. leftover ladies
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之合成法
拼爹
穿越剧
团购
剩女
把两个或两个以上的词
合成一个新词，这种构
词的方法叫做合成法。
1.直接写在一起；
2.用连字符“-”连接。
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之转化法
5.被雷倒(到)了 in shock /shock sb
6.淡定 keep calm /calm down
转化法：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
7. disclose one’s secret
8. Microblog
9. It’s all floating cloud.
10. envious, jealous and hateful
.
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之派生法
神马都是浮云
微博
爆料
前缀：一般只改变词义，不改变词类
后缀：一般只改变词类，不引起词义变化
羡慕嫉妒恨
构词法
合成 (Compounding)
派生（Derivation）
【前缀/后缀】
转化（Conversion）
【词性转换】
{
实景体验—真题回顾
However, be (care) not to go to extremes.
(全国卷 ,2017)
Steam engines are used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(全国卷П,2017)
She is determined to carry on with her (educate).
It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
(全国卷Ш,2017)
careful
fairly
education
certainly
实景体验—真题回顾
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top
(attract).
The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(全国卷 ,2016)
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says
it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(全国卷 ,2015)
attraction
officially
regularly
实景体验—真题回顾
The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.
While there are (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be (patience).(全国卷 ,2014)
actually
amazing
changes
patient
年份 答案 具体考点 题数
2017 careful n.→adj. 1
fairly adj.→adv. 1
education v.→n. 2
certainly adj.→adv. 2016 attraction v.→n. 2
officially adj.→adv. 2015 regularly adj.→adv. 1
考情分析
年份 答案 具体考点 题数
2014 actually adj.→adv. 4
amazing v.→adj. changes v.→n. patient n.→adj. 考情分析
从上表可看出，词性转换每年必考，其中2017年全国卷 、П、Ш共考4题，2014年全国卷 考4题。
共涉及四种情况：
(1) adj.→adv. 有5个小题。
(2) v.→n. 有3个小题。
(3) n.→adj. 有2个小题。
(4) v.→adj. 有1个小题。
先分析句子结构，再判断要填的词在句子充当什么成分；
然后思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，最后决定如何将其转换成所需词类.
关于充当句中各成分的最典型的词类，请记住以下三条：
1.作主语或宾语要用名词，如上述第3、5、9题。
2.作定语、表语或补足语一般用形容词，如上述第1、9题。
3.修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词，
如上述第2、4、6、7、8题。
解题技巧
一、动词&名词变形容词的常见后缀
二、 形容词→副词
三、 动词&形容词变为名词的后缀
四、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
考点归纳
形容词后缀
后缀（suffix）
-al, -ful,-ive, -ous, -y, -ly, -ty,-ish, -like,
-some, -able,-ible,-ial,-ic,-ical,-en,-ern,
-ant,-ent,-ar,-ary,-ory,-ual,-ate,-ism
-ed,-ing
Exercise:
1. I am________(grate) to you for your help.
2. _______(globe) warming has become a serious problem to the
world.
3. It’s so________(peace) out here in the countryside.
4. We should form good eating habits and do proper exercise in
order to stay (health).
5. This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s
most (fantasy) periods, the 1950s! (全国卷Ш,2017)
6. My cough is rather___________(trouble)today.
grateful
Global
peaceful
healthy
troublesome
fantastic
The cat was playing with a mouse.
The mouse is still .
They both seemed .
But will the mouse be all the time
a-加在动词、名词前构成表语性形容词。
如: asleep adj. 睡着的 adj. 活着的
adj. 害羞的 adj. 醒着的
alive
ashamed
awake
live
living
lively
alive
Attention:
Usage:
1. “ ”(actual) means “in fact”, and we can also use “as a matter of fact”.
2. —Do you follow me
—Yes, (perfect).
3. The man said that he was (mere) a passer-by and that he didn’t watch the accident.
4. Some people say that this new discovery might change the whole society (complete).
5. I’m (true) sorry that things had to end like this.
Actually
perfectly
merely
completely
truly
Attention:
1. She’s very likely to ring me tonight.
2. Cathy wears a pair of glasses, which gives her a scholarly look.
3. She is a cleanly girl, who always keeps her room clean.
4. He is a sickly child.
5. She is homely and motherly.
adj./n.+-ly→adj.
adj.很可能的
adj.学院风度的
adj.爱清洁的
adj.多病的
adj.平凡的,质朴的
adj.慈母般的
名词后缀
后缀（suffix）
-an,-ian,-ant,-ent,-er,-or,-ee,-ist,-logist,-ess,
-ese,-eer,-ary...
-age,-ance,-ence,-dom,-hood,-ice,-ion,-sion,
-tion,-ition,-ation,-ity,-ment,-ness,-our,-ship,-th,
-ory,-ology,-ure,-cy,-ery...
Practice:
1. Mary was very______at the news, so she looked______at her husband, her eyes full of (sad).
2. He________football very well and he was one of the best
in yesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Look! How________Kate is laughing! She seems to be the
girl in the world (happy).
4. To our , the headmaster was very with our report.(satisfy)
5. Edison was a great________. During his life he had many______. (invent)
6. You are so_______to help me. Thank you for your________. (kindly)
inventions
sadly
sadness
plays
players
happily
happiest
satisfaction
satisfied
inventor
sad
kind
kindness
(1)有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。如：
He failed his maths examination because of his (care) work.
(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，就可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀了。如：
In Alaska, the wolf almost (appear) a few years ago because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
careless
disappeared
Attention:
否定词缀
dis-
un-
in-
im-
ir-
il-
mis-
non-
-less
Match:
1. John gave the chairman his honest opinion,
of the result.(fear)
2. I'm fed up with your complaining.(end)
3. My parents were with me because I failed the exam.(appoint)
4. Don't his silence for lack of interest; actually he is very interested in the subject we are discussing now.(understand)
5. The American ship arrived at the port yesterday, and workers are its contents in the harbor now.(load)
fearless
endless
disappointed
misunderstand
download
有多种构词形式的两个单词
1. able adj. 有能力的，能干的
(1) adj. 不能的, 不会的
(2) vt. 使能够, 使成为可能
(3) vt. 使无能; 使伤残
(4) adj. 残疾的，残废的
(5) n. 能力
(6) n. 无力, 无能; 伤残
unable
enable
disable
disabled
ability
disability
1.She is old but still .
2.She is to read, in other words, she
is illiterate.
3.X-rays us to see through solids.
4.He was in the accident.
6.She learned to overcome her .
able
unable
enable
disabled
disability
2. like vt.& vi.喜欢, 愿意, 想
n. 爱好, 同样的人(或物)
prep. 象, 如同
(1) adj. 很可能(发生)的
(2) adj. 不太可能的
(3) n. 嫌恶 & vt. 讨厌, 不喜欢
(4) adj. 相似的, 同样的
adv. 一样, 以同样的方式
(5) adj. 不像的, 不同的
prep. 不像, 和……不同
likely
unlikely
dislike
alike
unlike
1.You may go or stay as you .
2.Like author, like book.
3.The book sells like wild fire.
4.It is very that he will not consent.
5.He is to win the race since he can't run fast.
6.Children generally carrots.
7.No two men think alike.
8.It's unlike you to get angry.
like
文如其人。
likely
unlikely
dislike
人心各异。
这本书销得很快。
生气不符合你的本性。
前缀（prefix）
词根（root）
后缀（suffix）
前缀改变单词词义
词根决定单词意思
后缀决定单词词性
派生词(Derivation)
Use “sleep” to fill in the blanks.
I went to early last night, falling fast . I'm
when suddenly a loud noise came out of nowhere, which wake me up in the middle of the night. I can't get some any more. I was awake for the rest of the night. As a result, I was late for school because I . For the whole day, I feel .
sleepy
asleep
sleeping
sleep
overslept
sleep
Challenge 1
语篇填空:阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1. (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now; I’m too busy!”
monthly
The youngster immediately fell 2. (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
3. (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.”
The boy said nothing but 4. (quiet) walked away, 5. (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didn’t respond.
silent
Apologetically
quietly
disappointment
6. (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote:
“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7.
(thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”
Unfortunately
thoughtless
Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8. (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9. (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10. (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.

warmly
rejection
important
一个小孩在父亲55岁生日时想给父亲55个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡, 父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫我们，对于那些在我们身边，对我们弥足珍贵的人，用爱去回应他们爱的渴望，这最重要不过了。
correct
n.
opp.
独立的
root
adj.
残疾的
n.
不可能的
n.
opp.
n.
误解
root
大学生
root
n.
syn.
opp.
Challenge 1
Words Maze
教育
交流
suffix
suffix
correct
correction
incorrect
independent
depend
dependable
disable
disability
impossible
possible
communication
education
wrong
mistaken
mistake
misunderstand
understand
underground
undergraduate
graduate
graduation
underway
subway
subtitle
always
sideways
n
教育
交流
opp.
独立的
root
adj
残疾的
n
不可能的
opp.
n
syn.
syn.
n
误解
root
大学生
root
n
地下的
地下通道
地铁
副标题
总是
Challenge 1
Words Maze
possibility
suffix
suffix
THANKS