2022届高三英语复习状语从句课件(47张ppt)

(共47张PPT)
状语从句
contents 目录
01
02
03
句子的分类
简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子.
并列句: 主谓结构+ 连词(and, but, so, or……) +主谓结构 (或更多的主谓结构)
复合句: 引导词+主谓结构, 主谓结构
(从句) (主句)
复合句
复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构, 其中有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个／些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，,如: 主语, 宾语, 表语, 同位语, 定语, 状语等. 根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句, 定语从句, 状语从句等.
判断下面句子属于哪种复合句
1) When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.
2) The letter says that they are leaving on Friday.
3)That’s what they should do.
4) We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.
5) This is the very dictionary that I am looking for.
6) As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
状语从句
什么是状语
状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份.
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.
1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.
（very是程度副词,用来修饰well.very well是修饰speak的程度状语）
2.介词短语
The boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.
（for his bravery在句中作原因状语）
3.从句作状语
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球.
（If I am not busy tomorrow在句中作条件状语）
4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.
I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你.
（to see you在句中充当目的状语）
5.分词作状语
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.
和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了.
（having had a quarrel在句中作时间状语）
Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry.
（reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20在句中作时间状语）
什么是状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
分类
1. 时间状语从句
2. 地点状语从句
3. 原因状语从句
4. 条件状语从句
5. 让步状语从句
6. 目的状语从句
7. 结果状语从句
8. 方式状语从句
9. 比较状语从句
as
while
when
whenever
before
after
until (till)
since
as soon as
every time
next time
the first/…time
the moment
the minute/…
instantly
immediately
directly　(一…就…)
1.时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句, 可以表达“正当，一 边…一边…，随着…”。
1. 表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。
As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.
2. 表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。
Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.
3. 表示两个动作同时发生。
Helen sang a song as she washed.
4. 表示“随着…..”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。
As she grew older, she became more beautiful.
1. as, while , when的区别
while: 持续性动词/进行时
＊一般或现在情况
＊将来情况－V一般现在时或现在进行时
＊过去情况
e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.
e.g.— I’m going to the post office.
— While you are there, can you get some stamps for me
e.g. I hurt my shoulder while I was doing gym.
While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while=_______)
While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
( while =_________ )
While there is life there is hope.
(while = __________ )
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
when
although
as long as
While 在句中的不同含义:
when: 持续性／非持续性动词都可
＊当……时
＊正在……忽然
e.g. When I first saw her, I fell in love with her.
---When did you get home
---It was eight o’clock when I got home.
They were walking down the street when they saw an accident.
2) I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me.
e.g. He walks when he might take a taxi.
The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none
How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here
虽然
届时
如果
鉴于, 既然
when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译:
before引导的时间状语从句
◆ 译为“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
We clean the classroom before we leave school every day.
It will not be long before you regret for what you’ve done.
不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。
after引导的时间状语从句
◆译为“在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
After you use plastic bags, you mustn’t throw them about.
用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。
since引导的时间状语从句
◆译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
We haven’t seen each other since we parted.
常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句 “自从……有多长时间了 ”
例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。
It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university.
until/ till引导的时间状语从句
◆ 译为“直到……时”，表示主句动作发生在从句之前。
◆当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。
例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。
I’ll stay here until you come back.
◆当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。
not… until…“直到……才……”，这时until 可用before替换。
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.
例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。
as soon as引导的时间状语从句
◆为“一…就…”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。
例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
◆相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：
immediately,directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.
I’ll give him your message the minute he arrives.
Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
名词短语引导的时间状语从句
◆ the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day,
by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time
等也可以引导时间状语从句。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.
By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended.
By the time he comes, we will already have left.
1. When every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me.
2. At next time you come, do remember bring your son here.
3. For the first time I met the girl. I felt in love with her.
4. You are welcome to come back at any time you want to.
5. At the last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
语法规则：
every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。
考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句
其他连词引导的时间状语从句
◆ no sooner… than…, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when…
引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.
No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.
我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。
1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ______ I picked up the phone.
A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute
2. How long do you think it will take _______ our product becomes popular with the consumers
A. when B. until C. before D. since
3. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. As D. While
4. He was halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
Exercise
地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。
e.g. a. Just stay where you are.
b. Where there is a will, there is a way.
c. You can sit wherever you like.
d. Wherever you go, I’ll be right here waiting for you.
When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark ___ the meaning is unclear to him.
A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which
2. 地点状语从句
表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。
引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that
这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
He might be ill, for he didn’t come to school.
表示“直接”原因。
表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。
3.原因状语从句
because, since, as, for的区别:
because —直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why的问题。
since – 通常放句首．译为“既然”
as – 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。
for – 放句中，引导后半句表原因, 或补充推断的理由。
1. I danced in front of the people _________ I liked it.
2. You’d better wear strong shoes _____ we’ll do a lot of walking.
3. ____ he was not well, I decided to go without him.
4. ______ everybody know about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
5. He must be ill, ____ he is absent Today.
6. Some people believe that ______ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.
because
as
As
Since
for
since
Exercise
表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。
条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。
由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。
e.g. a.We’ll come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.
b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.
4.条件状语从句
1. We will be able to get there on time, ____ our car doesn’t break down on the road.
as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as
2. In time of serious accidents, _____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
whether B. until C. if D. unless
3. ____ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
Exercise
1. ____ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”.
2. _____ they are dirty, certain seas are not able to clean themselves.
3. __________ we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
4. You can be allowed to play the game _______________ you finish your homework first.
5. Don’t touch anything ______ your teacher tells you to.
If
Once
As long as
on condition that
unless
Exercise
在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though,
no matter + 疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ which/ how)
疑问词-ever
(whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever)
特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，
while ( 一般用在句首 )，
whether… or… , whether (…) or not
5.让步状语从句
though, although
◆ 判断以下句子是否正确：
Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
◆要点归纳：though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和 but 连用.
但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.
ever if, even though
even if 和 even though 表示“ ”
即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
as引导让步状语从句
as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 、 、
以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数
可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。
表语
状语
实意动词
省略
Though he works hard, he makes little progress.
Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress.
Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Though you may object, I’ll go.
Object as you may, I’ll go.
whether… or… , whether (…) or not
whether… or… “不论是否……”，
whether … or not “不管是……还是……”。
引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
You’ll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy.
while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，语气比though/ although弱。其引导的从句一般位于 。
句首
例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。
While I like its color, I don’t like its shape.
no matter + 疑问词 疑问词-ever
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever 　 no matter who = whoever
　　 no matter when = whenever 　 no matter where = wherever
　　 no matter which = whichever 　no matter how = however
判断正误：
No matter what you say is of no use now.
Whatever you say is of no use now.
归纳：
no matter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句，“疑问词+ever”则可以
1. ____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, ____ the expenses have risen.
A. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though
3. I really want the match, however much ______.
A. does it cost B. costs it
C. will it cost D. it costs
Exercise
4. ______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until
5. ______, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.
A. Wanting the job very much
B. Although wanting the job badly
C. Though he wanted the job very much
D. He wanted the job badly
引导目的状语从句的连词:
in order that …
用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。
so that
a. 较常用，一般于主句后,可分开，so 有时可省;
从句中要有情态动词, 否则, 就成为下一种句型：
b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。
for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。
6.目的状语从句
e.g. a. We’ll sit nearer the front so that we can hear better.
b. I shall write it down lest I should forget.
注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用
so as to do … 或 in order to do …
e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before
ten o’clock.
→
He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten o’clock.
结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由
so, so … that, such … that; so that 等引导。
a. So quickly did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him.
b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home.
c. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
★d. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left.
7.结果的状语从句
描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导: as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)等。
a. We must do as the Party tells us.
b. Leave the things as they are.
c. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.
d. It sounds as if it is raining.
e. They did it in a way that I had never seen before.
他们以我从没见过的方式行事。
f. As water is to fish, so air is to man.　
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水
8.方式状语从句
比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as …as, not so / as … as, more…than, less … than, the more + adj. / adv., the more + adj. / adv.
a. He is not so/as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter.
d. The busier he is, the happier he feels.
e. The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.
f. Send for a doctor as soon as (it is ) possible.
6.比较状语从句
1. Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
2. If things are left ______ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid.
A. how B. as C. what D. where
3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _____ directed.
A. like B. so C. which D. as
4. I dare not go there ______ my parents will see me.
A. in case of B. for fear of C. in order that D. for fear that
Exercise
★ 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。
1. You are to find it where you left it.
（地点状语从句）
2. Tell me the address where he lives.
（定语从句，句中有先行词）
3. I don’t know where he came from.
（宾语从句）
4. Where he has gone is not known yet.
（主语从句）
5. This place is where they once hid.
（表语从句）
“as” 用于不同的状语从句中
1. She sang as she worked.
2. Smart as he is ,he doesn’t study hard.
3. You must try to do as I did.
4. She doesn’t do her work as carefully as I.
5. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry.
部分状语从句可用省略形式：
even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc.
1. The flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day..
2. Even if (I am) invited, I won’t go there.
3. Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, you’ll be punished by your head-teacher.
4. Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.
5. She won’t speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to.
6. When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace.
7. These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.
THANKS
感谢聆听