课件28张PPT。Unit 2 Working the land Learning
about language1.Find the word or phrase from the text for each of these meaning._______ brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun.
_______ to make something or somebody free of
_______ to become larger in size, number or amount
_______ to make information and ideas known to many people
_____________ would prefer to
_______ to try extremely hard to achieve somethingsunburntrid… of expandcirculateWould ratherstruggle_______ to send things to foreign countries for sale
___________ pleased by having what one wants or needs
_______ to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose
_______ plants grown in large amounts by farmers
_______ because of exportSatisfied withequipcropThanks toAnswer keys for Ex.2 on Page 11:1.statistics; globe
2.super; nationalities
3.Hunger;disease
4.Vietnam;occupations
5.freedom;exported
Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 11:decade
struggle; expanding ;Equipped;
output
grain;crops;
battles;disturbingAnswer keys for Ex.1 on Page 49confuse → confusion
discover → discovery
equip → equipment
expand →expansion
produce →productionexport → export
comment → comment
focus → focus
regret → regret
struggle → struggle
sum → sum
Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 491.circulated
2.focus; export
3.commented;regret
4.struggled;confusing
5.equipAnswer keys for Ex.2 on Page 49chemicals;
pests ; bacteria
production
soil
discoveries ; chemicals
minerals
nutrition; root
focusAnswer keys for Ex.3 on Page 491.Today′s lesson focuses on how to write a summary of a news article.
2.We must skim the report to find the main
idea.
3.The teacher told us to underline the difficult words and look them up in the dictionary.
4.He said that details likes statistics should not be included.5.I think I′m going to use a report about how farmers are keeping their fields free of chemical fertilizers .
6. It took the farmer twenty years to build up his business.
7.Using too much chemical fertilizer will lead to serious problems.The using of -ing formGrammarThe –ing form as the Subject ＆Object 1．作主语
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
Playing tricks on others is something we should never do．
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
Learning new words is very important for me．
3)说比做容易。
Talking is easier than doing.②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：
和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
It is useless trying to argue with Shylock．
这事值得去做。
It’s worth making the effort．
想再解释一次有好处吗?
Is it any good trying to explain?
跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
It is pleasant working with you．③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。
例如：
若要人不知，除非己莫为。
There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．
这种事开不得玩笑。
Here is no joking about such matter.
无法知道他什么时候离开
There was no knowing when he would leave. It +be +a waste of time doing 做…是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing 做…是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做…不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做…是值得的
There is no doing 无法…， 不允许…归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：There is no sense in doing 做…没有道理
There is/was no use doing 干…无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比…更糟的
There is/was no point doing 干…无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。
There was no knowing where we would go.
做这件傻事毫无意义。
There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意：There is no need to do sth 干、、、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
There is no need to tell her.
提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made we worried.
你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
Please rewrite the sentences following the example.(Page 13 Ex. 2)1. Helping people in need of help is nice.
2. Growing super hybrid rice is not easy.
3. Learning more about farming is not difficult.
4. Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.
5. Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.
6. Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. 2、用作宾语
动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：
我不能不去。 I can’t avoid going．
你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
Have you considered looking for one special friend? 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．
晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man． 这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
·A．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：
我记得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。 I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
Don’t forget to write to your mother．
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret missing the report．
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time．
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way．
我并不想叫你生气。
I didn’t mean to make you angry．
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
Your plan would mean spending hours．E·go on doing 和go on to do
Go on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：
请接着做这同一个练习。
Please go on doing the same exercise．
请做另外一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise．
F．stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：
我们停止了交谈。 We stopped talking．
我们停了下来去谈话。 We stopped to talk． 3．作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A．介词+动名词，如：
我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.
我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize for being so angry with you.
离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。
After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up． B．动词+介词+动名词，如：
我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．
同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。
Instead of smiling，each of them made a face．
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very interested in working for our company．下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等课件20张PPT。Chemical Or Organic Farming? green food organic food Chemical Or Organic Farming?First reading: get the main idea of each paragraph.
para1: A new discovery of scientists.
para2: Several problems caused by using chemical fertilizers.
para3: The advantages of using organic farming.
para4: Some methods to keep the soil fertile.1 Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?
2 After the long-term use of chemical fertilizers, what have scientists found?Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.
Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and , even more dangerous, to people’s health.Recently, however, therefore; meanwhile; anyhow; thus ;otherwise; moreover; besides etc.Second readingTips: the usage of several adverbs means clear and reasonable connection between parts. Read paragraph 2 and find out the problems caused by using chemical fertilizers. There are three problems.First, they can damage … as well as …. They also stay in the … and …. In addition, …grow too fast to …. Tips: connectives（过渡词） and transitional phrases（过渡词） for development first;second; finally;last but not least ,etc.Read paragraph 3-4 What are the advantages of organic farming?
The farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease and keeping the air , soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Tips: several phrases can be used. The methods to keep the soil fertile
1 using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.
2 changing the kind of crop in each field .
3 planting crops to use different levels of soil
4 planting grass between crops to prevent … The same goal : ________________________
______________________________________
______________________________ to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Tips: infinitive” to” is used to express the purpose 1 …such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
2 …planting peanuts that use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Read the following sentence, and find what they have in common?Tips: clauses make the passage logical（逻辑的） and beautifulNoun Clauses & Attributive ClauseThe two sentences both include attibutive clause.para1: A new discovery of scientists.
para2: Several problems caused by using chemical fertilizers.
para3: The advantages of using organic farming.
para4: Some methods to keep the soil fertile.The structure of this passagePara1 Topic
Para2 Problems
Para3 Advantages
Para4 Several methods
illustration（阐明）
comparison
conclusionThe type of the article is_____________exposition（说明文）
请以“PLASTIC OR CLOTH BAGS?”为题模仿这篇文章的篇章结构和句子结构去写一篇说明文。
Discussion and practicePlastic Or Cloth Bags?
illustration（阐明）
comparison
conclusionPara1:
Para2:
Para3:
Para4: Have a brief illustration of the present situation.
The problems caused by using plastic bags.
The advanages of using cloth bags.
Conclusion.The following words may help you.Over the past half century, …have become very common …. …welcomed them as a … way to …. Recently, however, we have been finding that they can cause damage to …, even …, to people’s health.Homework :
Finish the writing .Over the past half century, …have become very common …. …welcomed them as a … way to …. Recently, however, we have been finding that they can cause damage to …, even …, to people’s health.
What are some of the problems caused by …? First,…
With these discoveries, …are beginning to turn to ….
….The following words may help you.Para1 Topic
Para2 Problems
Para3 Advantages
Para4 Several methods
Illustration（阐明）
comparison
conclusionThe type of the article is_____________Exposition（说明文）The structure of this passage Over the past half century, plastic bags have become very common in our daily life. We welcomed them as a convenient way to carry goods. Recently, however, we have been finding that they can cause damage to the environment, even worse, to people’s health. What are some of the problems caused by plastic bags? First, people often leave plastic bags here and there, making white pollution. Second, it takes a long time, more than 100 years ,to be exact, to break up .Last but not least, when heated, plastic bags can produce something harmful, which can build up in our body and eventually lead to cancer or other illnesses. With these discoveries, we are beginning to turn to cloth bags. They can be used many times. People can save a lot of source in this way. It is also a good idea to make some by ourselves, which is interesting.
Let’s use cloth bags in our daily life instead of plastic bags, not only for the environment protection, but also the sake of our health. What do you think of the farming today?
healthy?
environment-friendly?
natural?
chemical?
organic?
green?
transgenic? 课件29张PPT。Unit 2Working the landWarming up & ReadingA poemFarmers weeding at noon,
Sweat down the field soon.
Who knows food on a tray,
Due to their toiling day.
Warming up1.Have you ever grown any plants?
If so, what did you do to grow them?
How will you grow it?
If not, what kind of plant would you like to grow?
Pepper Cotton pear Eggplant corn watermeloncabbage What do you know about “farming”?wheat sorghumrice corn Potatoes Staple food select the seeds plough the soil turn over the soil sow the seeds remove the weeds fertilize farming stepsFirst, the farmers plow the field. They have to make the soil loose enough to plant crops.What are they doing? Second, they grow some young plants.Third, they insert the young plants into the loose field.Father of Hybrid RiceA Pioneer For All PeopleTask 1 ScanningFind out the main idea of each paragraph. Para1 A. Dr Yuan’s dreams.
Para2 B. Dr Yuan’s personality.
Para3 C. Dr Yuan’s biography.
Para4 D. Dr Yuan’s appearance
and his achievement. Match the following headings with the right paragraphs.Para. 1 Dr Yuan’s appearance and his achievementTask 2 Careful readingQ1: What does Dr Yuan look like?He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim, strong body. Q2: What is his achievement?He grows what is called super hybrid rice, which makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Para 2His biographyBorn in 1930Graduated from Southwest Agriculture College Saw the great need for increasing the rice output
Hunger was a disturbing problemnearly 200 million tons was produced Circulating his knowledgea. He was born in 1930. b. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural college. c. In 1950,Chinese farmers produced 55 million tons of rice. d. 200 millon tons of rice was produced by growing his hybrid rice. e. He searched for a way to increase rice outputs without expanding the area of fields. f. He helps rid the world of hunger by circulating his knowledge in less developed countries.
Proper order: abecdfPut Dr Yuan’s biography in right order. Which of the following description about Dr Yuan’s personality is not true?
He is satisfied with his life because he is
now rich and famous.
B. He cares little about money and fame.
C. He would rather work than lead a
comfortable life.
D. He enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.Para. 3 Dr Yuan’s personalityHis dreamsPara 41) The first dream2) The second dreamProduce a kind of rice that could feed more people As huge as a peanutThe first dream As tall as sorghum As big as a corn To export his rice so that it can be grown all over the worldThe second dreamRevision (personal information)Name:
Nationality:
Birth:
Appearance
Occupation:
Education:
Dream:
Achievements:
Hobbies:Personal information (Resume)Name:
Nationality:
Birth:
Appearance:
Occupation:
Education:
Personality:
Dreams:
Yuan LongpingChinese in 1930Sunburnt face, arms and slim, strong bodyScientist of farmingSouthwest Agricultural College,in 1953 His first dream His second dreamcare little about money and famePersonal informationAchievements:Hobbies:grow rice that has a high outputcirculate his knowledge abroadgive money to equip others for their research listening to violin musicplaying mah-jongswimmingreading
