课件57张PPT。Discovering
useful structuresUnit 4Read the sentences from the text. I saw several young people enter the waiting
area looking around curiously.
2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them .
3. She stepped back appearing surprised …
4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with …
5. …, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face. attributiveadverbialadverbialadverbialattributiveGrammar 一: V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。 V-ing 形式(not) doing(not) being done(not)
having done(not)
having been doneV-ing形式作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。
1、单个动词的V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
-ing形式表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。
a swimming pool= a pool used for swimming
drinking water=a sleeping car=动词-ing做定语water used for drinking
a car used for sleeping2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 表被修饰者的动作或状态，叫现在分词。
a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping
working people=
the rising sun =people who are workingsun that is rising2、动词-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如:
They are visitors coming from several countries.
The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. x k
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。3、现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years
=in the years that followed
the man speaking to the teacher
=the manwho is speaking to the teacher
1). ____ dogs seldom bite.
A. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D.Barking
2). The wolf spoke in a _____ voice and Mr.
Dongguo felt______.
A. frightening; frightened
B. frightened; frightened
C. frighten; frightening
D. frightening; frightening 3. It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ____ baby.
A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept
4. The ____ buildings showed us that an
earthquake was coming.
A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化：主动形式 被动形式
V-ing being V-ed
having V-ed having been V-ed 动词-ing做状语一般式完成式1.Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
听见和进入两个动作同时发生。
2.The building being built now is our new library.
being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。3.Having done the work, he went home.
完成了工作，他就回家了。现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表时间状语2) 表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
(=Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴随情况地状语 ：
作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。 He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 ____________________, they went into the classroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking4) 表结果
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.
(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country, _____________________________ .making it the most popular song5)表条件Using your head, you will find a way.
(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。______________, you will see a white house.Walking ahead 6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
他点着灯睡着了。
(7)作独立成分：
Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。Attention Please -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.
(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touches Mr. Cook’s moving hand. You see her step back appearing surprised.
= You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand.
=His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving.= They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.Whenapproaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.
The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages.translatingthesongs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.
The boy ____ __ ________ there is reading a book about body language.whois standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
_______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework.
She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________.doing herhomework Grammar work 语法专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Not ________(know) his address, I couldn’t go to see him yesterday.
2. Look out for cars when _______(cross) the street.
3. Not _________________ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4. He dived into the water, ______ (leave) only his face exposed.
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _______ (read)
“Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”
6. _______ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.
7. ____________ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed Grammar quiz 语法小测
1. When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the
differences without noticing many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 3. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 4. ______ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally5. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you
what I think of it.
2. The men worked for extra hours got an
extra pay.
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the
city more beautiful.
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeakingCorrect the sentences.5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said,
angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.
6. Knocking at the door before entering,
please.
7. European football is played in 80
countries, made it the most popular
sport in the world.pointingKnockmakingChoose the best answer.
1. They set out ____ for the ____ boy.
A. searching; losing B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost D. searched; losing
2. The student sat there, ____ what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing
C. not know D. not knowing4. The ____ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. visiting; add B. visited; adding
C. visiting; adding D. visited; added 5. The stranger said something in _______ voice and the little girl was very much ________
A. frightening, frightened
B. frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening
D. frightened, frightened 6. ________the piano, someone suddenly
knocked at the door.
A. Playing
B. When I was playing
C. Repairing
D. Examining 7. Mother caught the boy ______ in the
corner.
A. smoke B. to smoke
C. being smoked D. smoking 8. Generally speaking, ______ according
to the directions, the drug has no side
effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken 9. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed10. “We can’t go out in this weather”,
said Bob, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked 11. Though _____ money, his parents
managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in 12. The bell _______ the end of the period
rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting
B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted
D. indicated; interrupted 13. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered 14. He looked around and caught a man
______ his hand into the pocket of a
passenger.
A. put B. to be putting
C. to put D. putting
15. --- You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting.
--- Well, now I regret ________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done 16. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden
carriage _____ the girl and took her
away, ____ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing 17. ______in the queue of half an hour.
Tom suddenly realized that he had
left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited 18. The picture _____ on the wall is
painted by my nephew.
A. Having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung19. _______ suddenly, the girl with
tearful eyes ran out of the office. ???? A. Turned B. To turn ???? C. Turning D. Turn 20. The problem _______ at the meeting ???? now is how to help the local economy ???? develop quickly. ???? A. discussing B. discuss ???? C. being discussed D. to be discussed21. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job ????interview. ______ the answers ready will
be of great help. ???? A. To have had B. Having had ???? C. Have ???? D. Having 22. I can’t stand _______ with Jane in the ???? same office. She just refuses ________ ???? talking while she works.
??A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping ???C. working; to stop ?D. to work; to stop23. Peter received a letter just now ______
his grandma would come to see him
soon. ????
A. said B. says ??? C. saying D. to say 24. We often provide our children with
toys, footballs or basketballs, ______
that all children like these things. ??? A. thinking B. think??
C. to think D. thought根据A句完成B句,使两句意思不变。 1. A: Having done their homework, the
children played football. ???B: _______________________________, the
children played football. 2. A: If you work hard, you will do well in the
exam. ???B: _______________, you will do well in the
exam. 3. A: The boy fell, striking his head against the
door and cutting it.After they had done their homeworkWorking hard B: The boy fell _______________________
__________________________.
4. A: She sat there and stared at the ceiling. ????B: She sat there, ___________________. ?5. A: Although he is not rich, he helped the
poor generously. ????B: ____________, he helped the poor
generously.
so that he struck his head against the door and cut it staring at the ceilingNot being rich Homework 1. Finish the exercises in Discovering useful structures.课件53张PPT。Unit 4Body languageUseful phrasesstudent association
look around
step back
in defence
dash through
on the contrary
nod at
be likely to
in general学生会环顾四周后退 防卫地；戒备地飞快地穿过正相反 朝…点头很可能…；有希望…大体上,一般来说,通常 既不……也不……
把……介绍给……
亲吻某人脸颊
做……的方法
站/坐/住得靠近… not…nor…
introduce…to…
kiss sb. on the cheek
the /an approach to doing sth. / the way to do sth.
Stand / sit / live close to…Language pointsrepresent v.代表，象征；体现，表达；描绘，声称;
1).The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.
2).He represented himself as an expert.
3).Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
4).The King is represented as a hero in the play.
____________________________________1.Yesterday,…representing our university’s student association,…
【归纳总结】
represent 1)vt. 代表；描绘；表现，体现，象征；声称，宣称；说明 2) represent sth 代表某物 3)represent sb as/to be…宣称某人为…… 4)represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事 5)represent sth/sb as sth/sb 把……描绘成……
【辨析】
stand for只代表某事物或缩略词。
eg.字母E代表什么？
What does the letter “E” stand for?
【巩固运用】
用represent的正确形式填空。
1）The red lines on the map represent railway lines.
2）她把自己描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
She represents herself as the kindest mother in the world.
3）They represented their concerns to the authorities.（英译汉）
他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。 2. … I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.looking around curiously是动词-ing用作状语，表示伴随状态。He left off driving a car.
He said it angrily, pointing at the notice on the wall. curious为高考高频词汇。adj. 好奇的; 奇特的
考查角度主要有两个： x k
(1) be curious about…
“对……感到好奇”
(2) be curious to do…
“很想做…, 渴望做……”.be curious about sth. / to do sth.
It is curious that…不寻常，古怪
John is curious about the origin of mankind.
I was curious to know what she said just now.
I heard a curious sound in the next room.3. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.closely followed …是过去分词短语，修饰前面的Tony Garcia，相当于非限制性定语从句who was closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain。Tony Garcia与follow之间是动宾关系。比较下面两句话：There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
Then soldiers walked forward, followed by their dogs. 4. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder
and kissed her on the check!approach v. 接近；靠近;
Silently we approached the enemy’s camp.
approach n. 接近；方法；途径；通道
approach to (doing) sth.（做）某事的方法
Snow announced the approach of winter.
The lion’s approach drove away the small animals.
All approaches to the city were blocked. approach
【观察思考】
v. 1) National Day is approaching.
2) She approached the bank for a loan.
3) As you approach the town, you will see the college on the left.
n. 1) All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
2) The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.【归纳总结】
1)approach vt./vi. 接近，靠近，建议，要求,着手处理，开始对付 n. 接近，方法，途径，通道
2)approach sb./sth.接近/靠近某人/某物 3)approach sb. about/for sth. 向某人要求/建议某事 z x
4)approach sb about doing sth. 建议某人做某事
5)the approach to (doing) sth. 做……的方法/途径【巩固运用】
翻译句子
1）随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。
With the approach of winter the weather got colder.
2）学习外语的最好途径是什么？
What’s the best approach to learning a foreign language?
approach / way / means / method
四者皆有“方式”“方法”“途径”之意，但approach侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式； way为一般用语；means指可以得到结果的方法；method指有规律的、有条理的做法。1）表“做…的方法”时各自的搭配：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
2) 表“用这种方法”时各自的搭配：
with this method
in this way
by this means
At the meeting they discussed three different _____ to the study of maths.
A. approaches B. means
C. methods D. ways5…touched her shoulder…..
touch v.
touched adj.感激的，激动的，受感动的; touching adj.令人同情的，感人的，动人的
【观察思考】
1）Don’t touch that plate― it’s hot.
2）His story touched us all deeply.
3）Are you still in touch with your friends from college?
4）In his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.
【归纳总结】
1) v.触摸；（使）接触,感动 n. 接触，联系
2) touch sb./sth. 触摸/碰某物
3) touch sb. 感动/触动某人
4) be in touch with sb. 与某人有联系
5) touch on/upon sth. 谈及/提及某事【拓展】
be out of touch with sb 与某人失去联系
lose touch with sb 与某人失去联系
get in touch with sb 与某人取得联系
keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系;
be touched by… 被……感动【巩固运用】
我轻轻地碰了碰他的手臂。
I）I _____ _____ lightly ___ ___ ____ .
2）他的话确实触动了我的心弦。
___________________________ my heart.
3）自毕业之后我们一直保持联系。（汉译英）
touched himon the armWhat he said really touchedWe have kept in touch with each other since graduation.
6. …and kissed her on the cheek!
Kiss sb. on the cheek
动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take) +sb.+介词(in, on, by)+ the + 身体部位或衣着
例：1）She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。
2）He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。
3） He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。
4）The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。
5）I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。
比较：
她拍了拍那男孩的头。
She patted the boy on his head.
（误，本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one’s）
She patted the boy on the head. （正）7. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.appearing surprised在这里用作状语。The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. [C]
A lot of money is spent on defence. [U]defence n. 防御；保卫defend v. 保护；保卫Chinese people defended against the Japanese army during World War 2. in defence自卫，防御
in defence of 保卫…，为…辩护
defend…against / from 保卫…以免受
defend oneself自卫，为自己辩解
The young man joined the army in defence of his country.
Soldiers should defend their country against the enemies.8. major
【观察思考】
adj.1) This is a major road.
2) Water plays a major role in our life.
n. Her major is History.
vi. She majored in English at Shandong University.
【归纳总结】
1）adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 play a major role in sth 在某事中起重要作用 2）n. 主修课程，专业课3）v. 主修 major in sth 主修（=specialize in sth ） major on sth 专门研究（课题、文体等）【巩固运用】
1）这是一家大跨国公司。
This is a major international company.
2）Never mind― it’s not major.
别担心―这不严重。
3）他在大学主修法语。
He majored in French when he was at university.
4）The majority ______ in favor of banning smoking.
A. are B. is C. should being D. A or B
9. As I get to know more international friends,
I learn more about this cultural “body
language”.get to do在这暗示一个较长的过程，含有“渐渐开始”之意，此时get后接的不定式通常为to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize等表示心理感觉的动词。 I really wanted to get to know America.
After a time you get to realize that these things don’t matter. 10. They both apologized--- another…
apologize v. apology n.
apologize to sb. for sth. / doing sth./ having done sth.
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
accept / refuse an apology11. Not all cultures greet each other the same
way, nor are they comfortable in the same
way with touching or distance between people. nor / neither 否定副词, 常置于句首, 此时句子要倒装, 即助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语之前.
nor = and also not / neither
I don’t like her, nor/neither does Lily.
I am not a nurse, nor/ neither is Lily.
with touching 方式状语
= while they are touching…or being…She?can’t?dance,??________ he.?
I don’t want to go, ________ I.我也不会去。
I don’t know about it, _______ I care.
If you don’t go, ________ I.我也不会去。
nor?cannor willnor donor willNot all“并非全部”，表部分否定。
all, every, everybody, everything, both, always等与否定词 not 连用时，不管not 放前还是放后，均表示部分否定，而非全部否定 。
如：Not all…= all…not“不是全部都…”，用于三者以上。
All the girls don’t like dancing.
=Not all the girls like dancing.
不是所有的女孩都喜欢跳舞。
Not both…= both…not “不是两个都”1）I don’t know all of them.
2）I don’t like both of the books.
3）Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays.
4）Not everyone in our class likes football.
在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
并非每个学生星期天都去农场。
这两本书我并不都喜欢。我并不全认识他们。
若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如： all → （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）， both → （两个都不）， every →
， everyone → ， everything → 等。
上述四个例句要表示全部否定应分别为： 1)他们我都不认识。
2)这两本书我都不喜欢。
3)星期天没有学生去农场。
4)我们班没有人喜欢足球。
I know none of them.I like neither of the two books.No student goes to the farm on Sundays.No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.none neither nono one（nobody）nothing12. ..they also express their feelings using unspoken language…
express v; expression n. 为高考高频词汇,
考查角度主要有以下几点：
(1)作动词时的多义考查及搭配考查，如express oneself“表达自己的思想感情”； express feelings表达情感;express sympathy/ fear/ anger/interest／thanks／gratitude表示同情／恐惧／生气／兴趣／感谢／感激等。
(2)考查作形容词的用法，如express train特快列车。(3)考查其名词expression表示“表情及神情”的用法，如[2006湖北，23]。13. …and more likely to touch them.likely 常用于如下结构：
sb./sth. is likely to do sth; 很可能…;有希望…
It’s likely that-clause.
注意:likely 的主语可以是人也可以是物, 但不说: It’s likely to do sth.
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
He’s very likely to be late for class.
It isn’t likely to rain.（it表天气，并非形式主语。）possible, probable, likely
1) possible 常用于下列结构:
It’s possible (for sb.) to do sth;
It’s possible + that-clause. 注意: possible 的主语不能是人2) probable语气比possible重，是most likely
之意。常用于这种结构：
It’s probable + that 从句注意: probable 的主语不能是人, 英语中不说: It’s probable to do sth.3) likely 常用于如下结构：
sb./sth. is likely to do sth; 很可能…;有希望…
It’s likely that-clause.
注意:likely 的主语可以是人也可以是物, 但不说: It’s likely to do sth.
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
He’s very likely to be late for class.
It isn’t likely to rain.（it表天气，并非形式主语。）
可能性由弱至强:possible likely probable1）Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is ______ to rain soon.
A. probable B. possible
C. likely D. perhaps
2）I think he is ______ to win, but I’m not sure.
A. possible B. likely
C. probable D. certain
3）I advise you to learn a second language.
Me? ______! I’m too slow.
A. Not likely B. No problem
C. As possible D. Surely
1. I think it quite ________ for us to reach the
railway station before the train leaves.
2. Who is ______ to go traveling with us?
3. What do you think is the most _____ result?
4. He began to realize his dream would not ______ come true.
5. It is ________ for him to lend us the car.
6. He is ______to come.
7. It’s ________, not only ________. Complete the sentences with likely, possible or probable.possiblelikelylikelyprobablepossiblepossiblelikelylikely14. They are simply the ways in which cultures have developed.
译：他们仅仅是文化发展的方式。
【观察思考】
1）Mary smiles the same way which her mother did when she was her age.
2）I’m not happy with this way of working.
3）She was pleased with the way (in which) he apologized to her.【归纳总结】
1）the way(s)之后的定语有三种形式：
the way(s) to do sth;
the way(s) of doing sth;
the way(s)+定语从句。
2）the way(s)之后的定语从句有两种情况：①当way后面的从句中缺少主语、宾语或表 语时，要用关系代词that或which,关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
②当way后面的从句中缺少状语时，则用that或in which引导定语从句，或者可以省略。翻译：
1）我不喜欢他看我的方式。他好像看不起我。
I didn’t like the way (in which) he eyed me. He seemed to look down upon me.
2）这就是他们的生活方式。
This is the way in which/that/不填they live.
3）首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律。
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
This is the way (that ) they used to solve the problem.5）Few of us think that is an effective ______ to deal with this problem.
A. way B. means
C. method D. approach
6）The way you thought ______ the problem is very ingenious.
A. to solve B. of solving
C. of of solving D. of to solving15. general
1). adj. 一般的，普遍的，全面的
A matter of ~ concern/ interest
普遍（公众）关心/感兴趣的事情
Air-conditioner is in general use now.
2).总的，整体的
general idea of the passage
3) n.将军
generally speaking
frankly speaking
honestly speakingIn general 大体上, 通常, 总的来讲
In general, he is a good guy.16. avoid vt. 避开，避免
avoid (doing ) sth /being done
I think she is avoiding me.
I avoid meeting him.
17. reach one’s hand out to sb.
某人向某人伸手
18. on the contrary正相反19. close
adj. 亲密的，紧密的，严密的；势均力敌的
adv.靠近，接近地
v.(使)关, 关闭,终止
n.终结, 结束, 末尾
a close game /watch/ friend
close the door1. With the a___________________ of the New
Year, people are all busy buying presents for
their family and friends. ?2. He stood silently, tears rolling down his
c_________. ?3. He is a c_________ boy who is always
asking questions. 4. The letters USA __________ (代表) the
United States of America.approach / approaching cheekscuriousrepresent 一、根据句义和提示写出正确的单词。5. We are working in ____________ (联合)
with a number of local companies to raise
money for the homeless. 6. His remarks showed that he ___________ ???? (误解) my position on the question.
7. I woke up and was ________ (greet) by
bird song.
8. They built a robot capable of
understanding ______ (speak) commands. association misunderstood greetedspoken likely, dash, flight, greet, in general ?1. He ______ me in the street with a friendly
wave of the hand. ?2. An ambulance _________ to the scene ???? of the accident within ten minutes. 3. _________, it’s easier for boy graduates to
get a job in a big company than girl graduates.
4. It’s very _____ that my mother will ring me
tonight. ?5. I’ll book you on a direct ______ to London. greeted dashedIn generalflight likely 二、选用合适的单词填空。1. It’s dangerous ______________ (站得近) the fire.
2. Tobacco ________________ (引入) Europe in the sixteenth century.
3. I don’t know her, ____________ (我也不知道) who she is.
__________________________________ (在上海住了这么多年), he knows the place very well.
5. 今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。
_____________________________________. to stand close to was introduced intonor do I knowHaving lived in Shanghai for many years John is likely to be in London this autumnHomework 学海导航课件27张PPT。SummaryJust like verbal language(言辞), body language is part of culture. It plays an important role in daily communication. So, it is very important to understand and use it correctly. And for a foreign language learner, it is as necessary to learn the body language as to learn the verbal language.Warming upCommunication : No problem? Z x Reading passageUnit 4Words and expressions previewrepresent
association
dormitory
approach
defence
curiousvt. 代表；象征defend against保卫…以免受in general总的来说，通常adj. 好奇的n. 防御；保卫vi. & vt. 接近；靠近；走进n. 宿舍n. 社团；联系；联想Find the word from the text for each of these meanings._______ action of defending oneself against an enemy’s attack
______ might happen or probably will be true
_____ European country that is shaped like a boot.
_______ small restaurant provided by a school for its students or by a company for its employees
_________ to be chosen to speak or act in place of someonedefencelikelycanteenrepresentItalyFind the word from the text for each of these meanings.6. ______ to run or travel somewhere in a great hurry
7. _________ to come nearer to something or someone from a great distance
8. _________ group of people organized for a special purpose
9. ______ either side of the face below the eye
10. ______ the act of flying, especially scheduled on a plane
dashapproachassociationcheekflight1. What is the main idea of the text?
A. There are different customs in different
countries.
B. Foreigners should follow the customs of
the country where they are visiting.
C. People use body language to send
messages and people from different
countries have different customs.
D. The importance of knowing customs. SkimmingWhile reading, please try to divide the whole passage into four parts and match the main idea. Part 1.
(para. 1)
Part 2
(para. 2 &3 )
Part 3.
(para. 4 )
Part 4.
(para. 5)
To introduce the students to each other
and explain their different ways of greeting.D To meet the international students at the Capital International Airport.B To explain different cultural “body language” in some countries.C Summary of body language.AScanning
Where are the international students going to study?
How many international students are mentioned in the passage?
Do all students greet each other in the same way ?Six students. No, they don’t.They were going to study in Beijing University.Fast reading1.Who are the people mentioned in the passage?
2.Where are they from?
3.Why are the people visiting China?ChinaTony GarciaColumbiaJulia SmithBritainAkira NagataJapanGeorge CookCanadaAhmed AzizJordan Madame CoulonFranceYouMr GarciaAhmed AzizJulia SmithNagata George CookCoulonDetailed reading : Para1Time: __________________________
People: ______________________________
______________________________________
Place: _______________________________
What to do: ____________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
yesterdayanother student and I,the Capital International Airportthis year’s international studentsWe would take them first totheir dormitories and then to thestudent canteen.Find out the two cultural mistakes in Para2:Tony Garcia Julia SmithThe first mistake(Columbia )(Britain)He approached Julia, ________ _____ _________and _______ her on the ________.She ______ ________ appearing _________ and put up her hands, as if ___ _______.shouldertouchedherkissedcheekstepped backsurprisedin defenceThe second mistakeAkira Nagata
(Japan)George Cook(Canada)He ________ his hand ________ to the Japanese student.He ________ so his nose ________George’s _______ ________.bowedtouchedmovinghandreached out
How do men from Muslim countries greet others ?
2. How did Tony and Darlene greet each other? Para3:They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, and this is the French custom when adults meet people they know.To men:
To women:stand close, and shake handsnodding3. Is the main character male or female? How do you know?Male. Because Ahmed Aziz only shakes hands with men. Approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.Do not stand very close to others or touch strangers when they meet. BowShake handsFill in the table according to Para4:
Para 5:These _______ are not good or bad, but are _____ ways ____ _______ culture have developed.
Do all members of a culture behave in the same way?
In general, studying _____________ __________ can certainly help ______ ______________ in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
No, not all members of a culture behave in the same way. international customsavoid difficultiesactionssimplyin whichTrue or false?1. Body language in some countries is good while some in others is bad.
All members of a culture behave in the same way.
Studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads.
None of these actions is eitherNot allgood or bad.
Para5:Read it silently.1. When the Chinese meet, they shake hands. So do the Japanese.
2. The American like touching each other when they meet.
3. Englishmen often stand close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet.
4. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands .
Read the text carefully,
then decide if they are true (T) or false (F).5.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away.
6.People from Jordan will shake hands with a woman as she introduces herself to them.
7.Body language in some countries is good while some in others is bad.
8. French people usually shake hands and kiss each other twice on each cheek when they meet.From the text, we can infer that people____
A. are facing multicultural
communication problems.
B. are trying to make progress in
English learning.
C. need to know more people and
make friends with them
D. Are doing business with each otherFill in the blanks: The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely _________ by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced to each other, Tony approached Julia, _______ her shoulder and _______ her on the cheek . Julia stepped back appearing surprised. Akira Nagata
from Japan came in smiling at the same time with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George _______ his hand out to the Japanese who ______ . His nose touched George’s moving hand, and they both _________ . followedtouchedkissedreachedbowedapologized These are examples of learned or cultural “body language”. Not all cultures ________ each other the same way, nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away. In the same way that people ____________ with spoken language, they also __________ their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or _________.
expresscommunicategreetpostureFill in the blanks:Summary :Body language differs from culture to culture. Not all members of all cultures behave the same way. We should try to grasp and respect each other’s culture in order to make good communication.When in Rome, do as Romans do. (入乡随俗)Travel around the world
↙Jordan← France↖
China Britain
↘Japan → Colombia↗ WritingYour best friend Li Lei is going to travel abroad, please write a letter to tell him some tips about the different greeting ways in those foreign countries.Dear Li Lei,
I’m so excited to hear that you are going to travel abroad. And I'd like to tell you something about the greeting ways.
In Japan, people prefer to …People in Colombia like… English people do not usually…The French custom is … Men from Jordan will often…
…
Wish you a good journey!
Yours,
…
HomeworkFinish the letter after class.
Find more information about body language in different countries.
Bye -Bye!课件42张PPT。Unit 4Body languageLet's enjoy an English song If you’re happy,and you know it, Clap your hands.(Clap!Clap!) If you’re happy,and you know it, Clap your hands.(Clap!Clap!) If you’re happy,and you know it, never be afraid to show it If you’re happy,and you know it, Clap your hands.(Clap!Clap!) Stomp your feet /wink your eyes.
speakingringingwritingtypingSpoken
languageWritten
languageBody
languageWays of communicatingThere are three major parts in human communication which are body language, spoken language, and written language. Mr. Bean’s silent film makes people laugh. What is
body language?Body language is one form of non-verbal (ie.without using anywords ) communication.It includes body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, speaking distance and other non-verbal signals.eye contactfacial expressiongesturepostureKing of Comedy Different facial expressions show different feelings:
What’ s the feeling of the man?
What might he be saying?sadconfused“I have lost my wallet！”“I can’t believe what she said. That’s so unfair！”“I got an A in maths！”“I don’t know what to do.”happyangryFacial expressionsdisappointed shy Facial expressionsastonished How are they feeling?happyconfidentconfused/puzzledshy/bashfulguess, guess, guess, gesturesGuessGood!
What do these gestures mean?GuessBad!
GuessGood luck!
GuessCome here!Moving his hand up and down with the palm facing upGuessMe?Putting the fingers on the chestGuessI don’t know!Shrugging your shouldersgoodcome herebadgood luckmeI don’t knowapplauseLook at different gestures, try to guess.oksilentwell donestopvictoryI love you.I’m sorry!I give up. Match the two columnsMini-discussion: look at the pictures and try to describe them.stop cryingthink deeplystomachachego this wayI am full.In ChinaIn AmericaCome here!In ChinaIn AmericaTo be shamedIn ChinaIn AmericaIn America, people can use this gesture for taking a lift in strange places.This gesture usually means you are great or wonderful.In America people cross their fingers for good luck.Mini-showDo you know more body language in your daily life?
Try to show us some body languages.Stop!Don’t enter here.Don’t sit here. Be careful! Don’ t slip.Watch out ! A car is coming !Go away.Come here!Don’t smoke here. What would people do with their body language?
Act them out and explain them in complete sentences! Please be quiet !Let me have a rest.TalkingGuessing Game: What am I doing ?Students are divided into four groups.
Every group has one chance to perform two actions.
Other groups try to get the meanings of performances.
Whichever group gets the meaning first will get one point for each.
Whoever gets the highest mark will be the winner.Winner Preview the reading.
Read the new words after the class and recite it.Homework课件37张PPT。Body languageDiscovering useful words and expressions Find the word from the text for each of these meanings._________ action of defending oneself against an enemy’s attack.
_________ might happen or probably will be true.
_________ European country that is shaped like a boot. _________ small restaurant provided by a school for its students or by a company for its employees.
_________ to be chosen to speak or act in place of someonedefencelikelyItalyCanteen representFind the word from the text for each of these meanings.6. _________ to run or travel somewhere in a great hurry
7 _____________ to come nearer to something or someone from a great distance
8 _______________ group of people organized for a special purpose
9 _________ either side of the face below the eye
10 _________ the act of flying, especially scheduled on a planedashapproachassociationcheekflightapproach cheek contrary curiously dash Jordan misunderstand Joan was sitting in the park. A tall, dark woman _________ her, singing loudly. She looked as if she was from a Middle Eastern country, maybe _______. After a minute, the woman stopped and started hitting her own _________. Joan watched _________, thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy. Suddenly, the woman saw Joan and ____________ over to her. Joan then realized that she had ________________ the woman’s actions – she wasn’t crazy. She was, on the _________, asking for help to kill a bee!approachedJordancheekcuriouslydashedComplete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.misunderstoodcontraryJulia was at ________________. She had just graduated
from university and was ready to begin life as an
Independent ____________. She had already received
some great job offers from several ___________ companies
and was very excited about the opportunities. While
cleaning out her ____________ room on her last day at
university, she received an unexpected phone call. The
caller _________ crossroadsadultmajordormitorygreetedadult crossroads major greeted flight spoken dormitory association Colombia curious presentingUse words from the box to complete the paragraph below. her in careful English and then introduced himself as
____________ an international _____________. He had met Julie a few weeks ago at a job fair and wa s impressed with her ____________ English. The only difficulty was that his company was in the country of ___________ . Julie was _____________ to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a _______________ to South America.representingassociationspokenColombiacuriousflightDiscovering useful structures-ing form—used as an adjective
or adverbGrammar and usagesleeping students
a boring lesson
a smiling face 一、The -ing form — used as Attribute
（-ing形式作定语）boiling waterflying kites a dancing girlthe rising sun (1) a swimming man(2) a swimming pool(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man =a man who is walking = a stick for walkingWhat’s the difference between (1) and (2)?小 结 1 -ing形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。a running manThe man running in
the picture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于：Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.
The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Qi.
=The teacher who is teaching us English is Mr. Qi.The people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Huai’an is a lady
called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert who comes from Huai’an is a lady called Ms Cai.Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。小 结 2a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水二、-ing形式作状语-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。1. 作时间状语
-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。
2. 作原因状语
-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3. 作条件状语
-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：
Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。
4. 作让步状语
-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food.
虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语
置于句首或句末。如：
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。When working in the factory, he was
an advanced worker.
=When he worked in the factory, he
was an advanced worker.注意：
1. -ing短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：Though willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation.
=Though he was willing to attend the
party, he refused the invitation.
While staying in Beijing, he came to see
me twice.
=While he was staying in Beijing, he
came to see me twice.If playing all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
=If you play all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
=Though it was raining heavily, it
cleared up very soon.2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：
He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.
= When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.
2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it.
b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.
b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。
如：
He sat there, not knowing what to say.Thank you课件25张PPT。Unit 4Body languageMini-discussion: look at the pictures and try to describe them.stop cryingthink deeplyZ x stomachachego this wayWhat is body language?Body language is one form of non-verbal (ie.without using anywords ) communication.It includes body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, speaking distance and other non-verbal signals.eye contactfacial expressiongesturepostureCommunication : No problem?Reading passageUnit 4Words and expressions previewrepresent
association
dormitory
approach
defence
curiousvt. 代表；象征defend against保卫…以免受in general总的来说，通常adj. 好奇的n. 防御；保卫vi. & vt. 接近；靠近；走进n. 宿舍n. 社团；联系；联想1. What is the main idea of the text?
A. There are different customs in different
countries.
B. Foreigners should follow the customs of
the country where they are visiting.
C. People use body language to send
messages and people from different
countries have different customs.
D. The importance of knowing customs. SkimmingWhile reading, please try to divide the whole passage into four parts and match the main idea. Part 1.
(para. 1)
Part 2
(para. 2 &3 )
Part 3.
(para. 4 )
Part 4.
(para. 5)
To introduce the students to each other
and explain their different ways of greeting. D To meet the international students at the Capital International Airport.B To explain different cultural “body language” in some countries.C Summary of body language.AScanning
Where are the international students going to study?
How many international students are mentioned in the passage?
Do all students greet each other in the same way ?Six students. No, they don’t.They were going to study in Beijing University.Fast reading1.Who are the people mentioned in the passage?
2.Where are they from?
3.Why are the people visiting China?ChinaTony GarciaColumbiaJulia SmithBritainAkira NagataJapanGeorge CookCanadaAhmed AzizJordan Madame CoulonFranceYouMr GarciaAhmed AzizJulia SmithNagata George CookCoulonComprehending
How do different international
students behave when they greet people?
Complete the chart with information
from the passage.man from Colombiakiss on the cheek Julia Smithwoman from BritaineveryoneAkira Nagatabowing everyoneman from Canada shaking handseveryoneAhmed Aziz man from Jordanshaking hands noddingDarlene Coulonwoman from Francepeople she knows Detailed reading : Para1Time: __________________________
People: ______________________________
______________________________________
Place: _______________________________
What to do: ____________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
yesterdayanother student and I,the Capital International Airportthis year’s international studentsWe would take them first totheir dormitories and then to thestudent canteen.Find out the two cultural mistakes in Para2:Tony Garcia Julia SmithThe first mistake(Columbia )(Britain)He approached Julia, ________ _____ _________and _______ her on the ________.She ______ ________ appearing _________ and put up her hands, as if ___ _______.shouldertouchedherkissedcheekstepped backsurprisedin defenceThe second mistakeAkira Nagata
(Japan)George Cook(Canada)He ________ his hand ________ to the Japanese student.He ________ so his nose ________George’s _______ ________.bowedtouchedmovinghandreached out
How do men from Muslim countries greet others ?
2. How did Tony and Darlene greet each other? Para3:They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, and this is the French custom when adults meet people they know.To men:
To women:stand close, and shake handsnodding3. Is the main character male or female? How do you know?Male. Because Ahmed Aziz only shakes hands with men. Approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.Do not stand very close to others or touch strangers when they meet. BowShake handsFill in the table according to Para4:
Para 5:These _______ are not good or bad, but are _____ ways ____ _______ culture have developed.
Do all members of a culture behave in the same way?
In general, studying _____________ __________ can certainly help ______ ______________ in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
No, not all members of a culture behave in the same way. international customsavoid difficultiesactionssimplyin whichTrue or false?1. Body language in some countries is good while some in others is bad.
All members of a culture behave in the same way.
Studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads.
None of these actions is eitherNot allgood or bad.
Para5:Read it silently.Fill in the blanks: The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely _________ by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced to each other, Tony approached Julia, _______ her shoulder and _______ her on the cheek . Julia stepped back appearing surprised. Akira Nagata
from Japan came in smiling at the same time with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George _______ his hand out to the Japanese who ______ . His nose touched George’s moving hand, and they both _________ . followedtouchedkissedreachedbowedapologized These are examples of learned or cultural “body language”. Not all cultures ________ each other the same way, nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away. In the same way that people ____________ with spoken language, they also __________ their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or _________.
expresscommunicategreetpostureFill in the blanks:Summary :Body language differs from culture to culture. Not all members of all cultures behave the same way. We should try to grasp and respect each other’s culture in order to make good communication.
