Unit13 完形填空和阅读理解专项练
一、完形填空
Turn on the tap (水龙头) and the water comes out. Getting water is so___1___that you may think that there is an endless supply (供应量) of it. But it is not true. 70% of the earth is covered by water,__2__ most of the water is salt water, leaving only a small percent of fresh drinking water. Some __3__ including Italy, Spain and South Africa even buy water from other countries.
Each person in the UK uses about 150 liters of water a day. However, each person in some countries___4___uses 5-10 liters of water a day. We should help save water. Let’s have a look at __5__ you can help:
Don’t leave the water running while brushing teeth. We brush our teeth twice a day and by turning the tap off when we brush, we__6__ save 5-10 liters of water.
Don’t use the toilet__7__ a wastebasket. Every time you flush (冲) used paper, waste food or other small bits of rubbish, __8__ water is used.
Make use of __9__ Collect rainwater in water buckets (桶) in your garden and use it to water your plants.
Reuse. Share bathwater with your family to reduce costs and water use. Or, set yourself a challenge to __10__your shower time by 1 or 2 minutes.
1.A.fun B.easy C.important D.necessary
2.A.so B.but C.though D.because
3.A.countries B.cities C.towns D.villages
4.A.almost B.also C.only D.even
5.A.when B.how C.why D.where
6.A.need B.should C.can D.must
7.A.for B.from C.of D.as
8.A.less B.more C.better D.worse
9.A.rain B.time C.technology D.imagination
10.A.cut up B.cut off C.cut out D.cut down
If you read Inhabitat-Inhabitat is a weblog and its slogan is that design will save the world,you may be a pretty avid(贪婪的)______11______-but we're pretty sure that you are not crazier ______12______Tito Ingenieri,who takes his recycling a bit ______13______ than your common sorting between paper,glass and plastic. He's spent the last 19 years ______14______ a giant house in Quilmes,Buenos Aires out of over 6 million beer bottles!We can only hope he had a party nearby to help him _____15_____ materials.
All kidding aside,Ingenieri ______16______ most of his bottles on the streets near his home and even asked his neighbors ______17______ bottles for him. From the looks of the house,he then laid the multicolored(多色的)bottles on their sides and stacked(堆成堆)them to make the walls of the house. Ingenieri has been working on the project _____18_____ close to 20 years. In addition to being made out of _____19_____ materials,he says that the house acts ________20________ an alarm-whenever the river is rising,the southern winds make the bottles necks whistle.
11.A.recycle B.recycler C.recycled D.recycling
12.A.than B.to C.as D.over
13.A.far B.far away C.further D.furthest
14.A.building B.to build C.build D.built
15.A.collecting B.collected C.collect D.collection
16.A.finds B.discovers C.found D.looks for
17.A.saving B.to save C.save D.saved
18.A.for B.since C.as D.before
19.A.recycle B.recycler C.recycled D.recycling
20.A.for B.to C.on D.as
二、阅读单选
In Guang'an city,there are more and more private cars on the road;they cause many traffic accidents.In order to solve the problem,the government has decided to provide 1,000 public bikes for people to rent (租赁).The government encouraged people to ride bikes in order to solve the traffic problem.
More than 13,000 people have agreed to the idea.Some of them ask for more than one card.Although there are not enough bikes,an official (官员) from the government said that they would find some ways to deal with such a shortage.
People can get these bikes at special docking stations (停靠站).There are about 100 docking stations across the city.Let's see the cost you need to pay.You should pay ¥100 for a bike card,and you needn't pay for it within (在……内) 2 hours after you get the bike.About 2,000 cards have already been handed out to the people,but only 800 cards can be used now.
The official from the government said they also needed to face a lot of problems,for example,some bikes may be lost.But they said they would try their best to solve the problem.
21.In Guang'an city,the government has decided to provide bikes for people to rent in order to solve ________ .
A.the traffic problem B.the family problem
C.the population problem D.the health problem
22.About ________ cards have already been handed out to the people.
A.1,000 B.800 C.13,000 D.2,000
23.In the passage,the underlined word “shortage” means ________ in Chinese.
A.挑战 B.缺点 C.短缺 D.困难
24.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The government provides a bike for each family.
B.People can get these bikes at special docking stations.
C.If you want a card,you need to pay ¥50.
D.Few people have agreed to the idea.
25.What's the best title for the passage
A.The people in Guang'an city.
B.The cars in Guang'an city.
C.The public bikes in Guang'an city.
D.The pollution in Guang'an city.
The sky is grey. It’s another day of smog (雾霾). Is there a dome (穹顶) to protect us from dirty air outside
Yes, there is! An international school in Beijing has built a big dome outside of its four tennis courts. It cleans the polluted air and makes it healthy for students inside.
Smog has become a serious environmental and health problem in China. People are trying to stay away from it. However, the dome used by the school is expensive. It’s impossible for everyone to have such a place. But the good news is that the government has begun the fight against pollution.
In a government work report, Premier Li Keqiang said it was a war. The government will start by reducing PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (排放).
PM is short for particulate matter (颗粒物). PM10 and PM2.5 are an important cause of smog, which mainly come from human activities.
To fight against pollution, China will cut the use of coal and make better use of energy. Also, old cars give off more waste gas than new cars. So China plans to remove 6 million old cars from the roads, though much more money is needed.
A clear sky is not a faraway dream.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
26.Because of the smog, an international school in Beijing ______ .
A.has warned its students to stay inside as much as possible
B.has built a dome over the whole school
C.has built a dome to keep parts of the school away from smog
D.has tried to make better use of energy
27.Not everyone can be protected by a dome because ______ .
A.there isn’t enough space
B.building a dome costs too much
C.it is difficult to build a dome
D.living in a dome makes people unhealthy
28.The underlined word “reducing” is likely to mean “______”.
A.cutting down B.making better use of C.saving up D.producing more
29.According to the report, ______ is a war.
A.building more domes
B.removing old cars
C.living a healthy and wealthy life
D.fighting against pollution
30.We can infer from the report that ______ .
A.the problem of smog will be solved in the future
B.PM2.5 mainly comes from cars
C.China will stop using coal soon
D.a clear sky is a faraway dream
“Save the whales!” That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.
It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.
Then one whale swam in the direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded, it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.
An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.
Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the water—a thank-you to those who had worked so hard to save its life.
31.What does the picture on Jake's wall tell us about him
A.He lived near the ocean.
B.He cared about the environment.
C.He worked as an animal rescuer.
D.He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.
32.Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning
A.To swim with the whales.
B.To help rescue the whales.
C.To see the whales swimming.
D.To watch a movie about whales.
33.The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means .
A.didn't move B.went back out
C.washed over D.got up
34.How did Jake and his family help save the whale
A.By calling the rescue service.
B.By asking their neighbours for help.
C.By giving the rescuers food and drink.
D.By controlling the people on the beach.
35.In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place
a.The whale disappeared under the sea.
b.People turned on the lights of their cars.
c.Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.
d.Animal rescue service brought its truck.
e.People pushed the whale towards the sea.
A.e-d-b-c-a B.e-b-c-d-a
C.d-b-e-a-c D.a-e-b-d-c
Pollution
Hundreds of years ago,life was much harder than it is today.People didn't have modern machines.There was no modern medicine,either.
Life today has brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution.Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty.It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution.It's bad to all living things in the world.
Cars,planes and factories all pollute our air every day.Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city.This kind of quilt is called haze (雾霾).
Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution.Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away,and they mustn't blow dirty smoke into the air.
We need to do many other things.We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground.We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car.If there are fewer people driving,there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough.Every person must help to fight against pollution.
36.Hundreds of years ago,life was much harder than it is today because________.
A.there were not any modern machines
B.there was no modern medicine
C.both A and B
D.there were not many people
37.What is the biggest problem in today's life
A.Water pollution. B.Air pollution.
C.Noise. D.Pollution.
38.The most serious kind of pollution is________.
A.noise pollution, B.air pollution
C.water pollution, D.A,B and C
39.Factories must clean their water________.
A.before they are thrown away
B.when they are thrown away
C.after it is thrown away
D.before it is thrown away
40.From the passage we know that________.
A.a few years ago,there was no haze at all
B.today people don't have to talk to each other in a loud voice
C.we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes
D.people are making rules in order to fight against pollution
When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of (每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
41.We can learn from Paragraph 1 that________.
A.the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth
B.the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow
C.the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D. the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish
42.The underlined word “contribute” means “_______” in Chinese.
A.增加 B.捐献 C.造成 D.是……原因之一
43.Where do most of the microplastics in the snow come from
A.From water. B.From air. C.From wind. D.From food.
44.Which of the following isn’t true
A.We may breathe microplastics in Arctic.
B.Microplastics may cause lung cancer.
C.We don’t have to mind microplastics right now.
D. Microplastics have hurt ecosystems.
45.How does the writer end this passage
A.By advising us to drink clean water.
B.By asking people not to eat sea animals.
C.By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution.
D.By showing the beauty of Arctic.
参考答案:
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D
1.句意:获得水是如此的容易以至于你可能认为水的供应是无止境的。
fun 有趣的;easy 容易的;important重要的;necessary必要的。根据上句话Turn on the tap (水龙头) and the water comes out可知,打开水龙头,水就出来了,所以获取水是很容易的。故应选B。
2.句意:地球表面70%覆盖着水,但是大部分水都是咸水,只有一小部分的新鲜饮用水。
so所以,因此;but但是;though尽管;because因为。根据句意可知,地球上水很多,但大多都不能饮用,因此两句话之间是转折的关系,故应选B。
3.句意:一些国家包括意大利、西班牙和南非甚至从其他国家买水。
countries 国家;cities城市;towns城镇;villages村庄。根据空后举的这些例子Italy, Spain and South Africa可知,这都是一些国家,故应选A。
4.句意:然而在一些国家每个人每天只用5到10升水。
almost几乎;also也;only只,仅仅;even甚至。根据空后的5-10 liters of water可知,这里强调每个人每天的用水量很少,故应选C。
5.句意:让我们看看你能帮上什么忙。
when 什么时候;how怎样;why为什么;where在哪里。这里考查宾语从句,根据文意可知,下文介绍了我们应该怎样做来节约用水,所以这里的意思是“如何去帮上忙”,故选B。
6.句意:我们每天刷两次牙,当我们刷牙的时候把水龙头关掉,我们就能节约5到10升水。
need需要;should应该;can能;must必须。根据句意可知,当我们这样做的时候,我们就能节约水,故应选C。
7.句意:不要把厕所当作废纸篓。
for 为了,因为;from来自,从;of…的;as作为。这里考查固定搭配use…as…把…用作…,故应选D。
8.句意:每次你冲用过的纸、浪费的食物或小垃圾的时候,就用去了更多的水。
less更少的;more更多的;better更好的;worse更差的。根据句意可知,冲洗这些垃圾会用掉更多的水。故应选B。
9.句意:利用雨水。
rain雨,下雨;time时间;technology技术;imagination想象。根据下文Collect rainwater in water buckets可知,这个建议是收集雨水,故应选A。
10.句意:或者给自己设置一个挑战,减少洗浴时间1到2分钟。
cut up切碎;cut off切断;cut out切去,省略;cut down砍倒;削减。根据文意可知,短文介绍的都是节约用水的方法,因此这里是缩减洗澡的时间。故应选D。
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.D
11.句意:如果你读了《人居》——《人居》是一篇博客,它的口号是设计将拯救世界,你可能会变成一个相当贪婪的回收者。
A. recycle回收,动词原形;B. recycler回收者,名词; C. recycled回收,过去分词;D. recycling回收,动名词。A加可数名词单数,故选B。
12.句意:但是我们非常确定你不比蒂托英格尔更加疯狂。
A. than比;B. to为了;C. as作为;D. over超过。根据crazier可知,是形容词比较级,比别人更疯狂,than引出比较对象,故选A。
13.句意:他比你平常关于纸,玻璃和塑料的分类更加细致。
A. far远,原形;B. far away远离;C. further更远,比较级;D. furthest最远,最高级。根据than可知,空格处为形容词比较级,故选C。
14.句意:他在布宜诺斯艾利斯奎尔姆斯用了超过600万瓶啤酒建造了一座巨大的房子!
A. building建造,动名词;B. to build建造,不定式;C. build建造,动词原形;D. built建造,过去分词。空格处为固定搭配spend 时间 (in)doing sth,故选A。
15.句意:我们只希望他在附近开个派对来帮助他收集材料。
A. collecting收集,动名词;B. collected收集,过去分词;C. collect收集,动词原形;D. collection收集,名词。空格处为固定搭配“帮助某人做某事”help sb do sth。故选C。
16.句意:不开玩笑,英格尔在他家附近的街道上找到大多数的瓶子,而且他甚至让他的邻居为他节省瓶子。
A. finds找到;B. discovers发现;C. found发现,一般过去时;D. looks for寻找。根据even asked可知,时态为一般过去时,and连接并列句,前后保持一致,故选C。
17.句意:不开玩笑,英格尔在他家附近的街道上找到大多数的瓶子,而且他甚至让他的邻居为他节省瓶子。
A. saving节省,动名词;B. to save节省,不定式;C. save节省,动词原形;D. saved节省,过去分词。空格处为固定搭配“让某人做某事”ask sb to do sth,故选B。
18.句意:英格尔已经做这件事接近20年了。
A. for加一段时间,表示多长时间;B. since自从,加时间点;C. as当……时候;D. before在……之前。根据close to 20 years接近20年,为一段时间,for加一段时间,用现在完成时,表示做某事多长时间了,故选A。
19.句意:除了由回收的材料制成的,他说这间屋子也扮演为一个警告——不论何时水位上升,南风就会使瓶子发出响声。
A. recycle回收,动词原形;B. recycler回收者,名词;C. recycled回收,过去分词;D. recycling回收,现在分词。空格处表示回收的材料,为形容词,materials和recycle之间构成被动的关系,故选C。
20.句意:除了由回收的材料制成的,他说这间屋子也扮演为一个警告——不论何时水位上升,南风就会使瓶子发出响声。
A. for为了;B. to到;C. on在……之上;D. as作为。空格处表示扮演act as,故选D。
21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.C
21.句意:在广安市,政府决定为人们提供出租自行车以解决交通问题。A.交通问题B.家庭问题C.人口问题D.健康问题。根据第一段中的第一句和第二句“In Guang'an city,there are more and more private cars on the road;they cause many traffic accidents. In order to solve the problem,the government has decided to provide 1,000 public bikes for people to rent.”(在广安市,道路上有越来越多的私家车;它们造成了许多交通事故。为了解决这个问题,政府决定提供1000辆公共自行车供人们租用。)可知选A。
22.句意:关于2,000张卡已经发给人们了。A. 1,000 B. 800 C. 13,000 D. 2,000。根据第三段中的About 2,000 cards have already been handed out to the people(大约2000张卡片已经被发给了人们),可知选D。
23.句意:在段落中,带下划线的“shortage”一词在中文中是指短缺。A.挑战B.缺点C.短缺D.困难。根据第二段中的Although there are not enough bikes(虽然没有足够的自行车),可猜测shortage是“短缺”的意思,选C。
24.句意:根据该段落,以下哪一项为正确的?A.政府为每个家庭提供自行车。B.人们可以在特殊的停泊站获得到这些自行车。C.如果你想要一张卡,你需要支付50元。
D.很少有人同意这个想法。根据第一段中的the government has decided to provide 1,000 public bikes for people to rent (政府决定提供1000辆公共自行车供人们租用)可知A项错误;根据第三段第一句“People can get these bikes at special docking stations”(人们可以在特殊的停靠站获得这些自行车)可知B项正确;根据第三段中的You should pay ¥100 for a bike card(你应该支付100元获得一张自行车卡片)可知C项错误;根据第二段第一句“More than 13,000 people have agreed to the idea”(超过13000人同意这个想法)可知D项错误,故选B。
25.句意:这篇文章的最佳标题是什么?A.广安市人民。B.广安市的汽车。C.广安市的公共自行车。D.广安市的污染。细读全文可知,整篇文章都在讲述广安市的公共自行车的事情,故选C。
26.C 27.B 28.A 29.D 30.A
26.细节理解。根据文中An international school in Beijing has built a big dome outside of its four tennis courts. It cleans the polluted air and makes it healthy for students inside.可知,北京的一所国际学校建造了一个穹顶,使学校的部分地区远离烟雾。故选C。
27.细节理解。根据文中However, the dome used by the school is expensive. It’s impossible for everyone to have such a place.可知,建造穹顶太贵了。故选B。
28.词句猜测。根据下文PM10 and PM2.5 emissions (排放).可知上文中reducing的意思是“减少”,这里是说政府将从减少PM10和PM2.5排放(排放)开始。故选A。
29.细节理解。根据文中In a government work report, Premier Li Keqiang said it was a war.可知,同污染做斗争就是一场战争。故选D。
30.通读整篇短文可知,对于雾霾的问题,在将来将会被解决。故选A。
31.B 32.C 33.B 34.C 35.A
31.细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句话“Jake liked having a picture that said something important: that showed he cared.”可知Jake贴的画就是他所关心的内容。拯救鲸鱼是和环境有关的。故选B。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段中“they were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie”可知人们期待鲸鱼的表演,也就是它的泳姿。故选C。
33.词意猜测题。从第三段的“It came in with the wave”以及“its huge body rested on the sand”可知此处指浪潮退去,鲸鱼留在了沙滩上。故选B。
34.细节理解题。从第四段的“Jack and his family couldn’t do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.”可知Jake和家人给救援人员做了吃喝的东西。故选C。
35.排序题。由句子It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. 它游了大约一英里,然后在海底消失了一会儿。可知,鲸鱼最终获救游回大海,故a位于末尾,排除C和D,根据句子An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. 一个动物救援队很快来到一辆装有重型起重机械的卡车上,帮助移动动物。和句子Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. 有些人把车排成一排沿着海滩行驶,把车灯照在沙滩上。可知,救援人员到了之后,人们打开车灯给救援人员照明,故d在b之前。故选A。
36.C 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.D
36.细节理解题。根据Hundreds of years ago life was much harder than it is today.People didn't have modern machines.There was no modern medicine,either.可知几百年前,生活比现在更加困难,因为人们没有现代机器,也没有现代医学,故选C。
37.细节理解题。根据Life today has brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution.可知今天生活中最大问题是污染,故选D。
38.细节理解题。根据Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution.可知空气污染是最严重的污染,故选B。
39.细节理解题。根据Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away,and they mustn't blow dirty smoke into the air.可知工厂必须在排放水之前,把水清洁干净。故选D。
40.推理判断题。根据Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution.可知为了抵抗污染,人们正在制定规则,故选D。
41.D 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.C
41.细节理解题。根据“We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish”,可知北极已经被塑料垃圾所污染,故选D。
42.词义猜测题。划线词所在句句意为“早期研究已表明微塑料可能________肺癌风险”。结合备选项与常识可知,“风险”应该与增加或减少等词搭配,故选A。
43.细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air”,可知雪中的微塑料来自于空气中,故选B。
44.细节理解题。根据“Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in”,可知我们可能会在北极呼吸到微塑料,A选项表述正确;根据“earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk”,可知微塑料可能会增加肺癌风险,B选项表述正确;根据“Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way”,可知微塑料也伤害了生态系统,D选项表述正确;根据文章内容,可知微塑料已经危及到我们的身体健康、危害到生态系统,我们应该要重视,而不是不在意,C选项表述错误,故选C。
45.细节理解题。根据“If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well”,可知结尾作者是在强调塑料污染的严重性,故选C。