2023届高考英语复习专题二：形容词&副词课件（45张ppt)

(共45张PPT)
高三语法总复习
专题二 形容词和副词
By Tiffany
目录
CONTENTS
考点1 形容词的基本用法
考点2 副词的基本用法
考点3 形容词和副词的比较等级
难点1 -ing形容词和-ed形容词
难点2 同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
知识1　形容词后缀
知识2　复合形容词
知识3　形容词作定语
知识4　形容词作表语
知识5　形容词作宾语补足语
知识6　形容词作状语
考点1 形容词的基本用法
考点1 形容词的基本用法
知识1　形容词后缀
详见二轮复习书P4,一轮复习书P268
知识2　复合形容词
1. 单词与单词之间要有连字符。
2. 名词只能用原形。
3. 只做定语，不做表语或补语。
4. 前常有冠词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等修饰语。
1.数词+名词（单数)
one-child (独生子女的)
two-hour (两小时的)
2.数词+名词（单数)+形容词
three-year-old (三岁的)
8-meter-long (8米长的)
3.数词+名词+ed
one-eyed (独眼的)
two-faced (两面的)
4.形容词+名词（普通）
full-time (全日制的)
first-class/ rate(一流的)
考点1 形容词的基本用法
9.名词+现在分词
English-speaking (说英语的)
peace-loving(爱好和平的)
10.名词+过去分词
heart-broken(令人心碎的) man-made(人造的)
11.名词+ 形容词
life-long (终生的) world-famous (世界著名的)
12.名词+ 名词
X-ray (X光的) English-language (英国语言的)
13. 形容词 +名词 + "-ed"
long-winged (长翅膀的)
14.名词+介词
child-like (像小孩似的)
5.形容词+名词+ed
cold-blooded (冷血的)
warm-hearted(热心肠的)
6.形容词（副词）+现在分词
good-looking(长相好看的)
hard-working (勤奋的)
7.形容词/副词+过去分词
so-called(所谓的) newly-built (新建的)
8. 形容(副)词 + 形容词
light-green(浅绿的) all-round (全面的)
考点1 形容词的基本用法
知识3　形容词作定语
　　一般情况下,作定语的形容词要放在被修饰词之前。
但在下列情况下,形容词要后置:
1.形容词修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-等构成的复合不定代词时。
There is nothing new.
2.由a-构成的某些表示状态的形容词作定语时。常见的这类形容词有alive, asleep, awake等。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.
3.形容词短语作定语时一般后置。
It is a problem difficult to solve.
He is a boy good at sports.
4.由and/or连接的两个或几个形容词作定语时。
She has many pencils, blue and red.
5."基数词+名词(时间、度量)+形容词"结构作定语,说明所修饰名词的年龄、长度、深度、宽度等情况时。
It is a bridge eight metres wide.
拓展延伸　　 多个形容词排序
限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词)+数词(基数词、序数词)+描绘性形容词(beautiful等)+大小、长短、高低等形容词(large,long,high等)+新旧(old等)+颜色(red等)+国籍、出处(Chinese等)+材料(wooden等)+用途(writing等)+被修饰的名词(desk等)。
巧记排序口诀: “美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。”
一张红色的法国木制小圆书桌→a small round red French wooden desk
一个年轻貌美的中国姑娘→a beautiful young Chinese girl
一条昂贵的紫色棉裙→an expensive purple cotton dress
　 作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同的形容词
　　英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语,又可以作后置定语,但意义不同。这类词有present, concerned, involved等。
◆present目前的,现在的;在场的,出席的
◆concerned担心的,忧虑的;有关的,有牵连的
◆involved 复杂难懂的;有关联的
知识4　形容词作表语=位于系动词之后
1.有些形容词通常作表语而不作前置定语。
常见的有:以"a-"开头的形容词(如afraid, alone, alive, alike, ashamed, awake)以及content, worth, ill, sure, well等。
I am afraid I can't go with you.
The film is well worth seeing.
2.有些形容词作表语时,通常不用"人"作主语。
常见的有: possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。
他有可能会参加这个会议。
　It is possible for him to attend the meeting.
　He is possible to attend the meeting.
知识5　形容词作宾语补足语
　　形容词作宾语补足语时,可以表示宾语的性质、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果。
Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
1 From news articles and recipes to yoga classes, you can find almost everything on the Internet. Many people find this way of life more 　　　　(convenience).
解析 句意:从新闻文章、食谱到瑜伽课,你几乎可以在网上找到所有的东西。很多人觉得这种生活方式更方便。此处是"find+宾语+宾补"结构,此处的宾补应由形容词充当,所以填convenient。
知识6　形容词作状语　　
　　形容词作状语可表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、条件等,常用来说明主语的情况,可位于句首、句中或句末。
They arrived home, tired and hungry.
Full of excitement, the children looked forward to going on a picnic.
知识1　副词后缀
知识2　形容词+-ly变副词的
规则
知识3　副词的语法功能
知识4　副词的位置
知识5 常见的修饰或连接
句子的副词　
考点2 副词的基本用法
考点2 副词的基本用法
知识1　副词后缀
1.最常用的是加-ly，把形容词变为副词，如badly，hardly。
2.-ward(s) 后缀：表示方向
afterward(s) 后来; forward(s) 向前; inward(s) 向内; upward (s) 向上; onward(s) 前往; outward(s) 向外; homeward(s) 回家; eastward(s) 向东;
3.-ways后缀：在…方向，以…方式等：
always总是，sideways横斜地，crossways交叉地；
4.-wise 后缀：表方向、方式
lengthwise 纵向的/地; clockwise顺时针方向的/地；
考点2 副词的基本用法
知识2　形容词+-ly变副词的规则
详见二轮复习书P4
知识3　副词的语法功能
1.副词作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子。
His speech directly affected the strike. He is very brave.
You can find books on that subject quite easily.
Luckily, she was in when I called.
2.副词作表语、定语、宾语、宾补/主补
(1)副词作表语:主要说明主语的状态、动作等。
Isn't he up yet I'm sorry but he is not in.
(2)副词作定语:一般放在所修饰的名词之后。
The boys there are talking about football.
(3)副词作介词的宾语:某些表示位置或时间的副词可以在介词后作宾语,这类介词主要有from,since,until等。 He came from there.
(4)副词作补足语，主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态等。
Did you see anybody in
知识4　副词的位置
1.程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词前。
如果实义动词前有情态动词或助动词,则程度副词要放在二者之间;如果是be动词,程度副词要放于其后。
I can hardly believe what he said.（情态动词+adv.+实义动词）
I am deeply sorry to hear that.（be动词+adv.）
2.频度副词通常放在行为动词前。（同上）
程度副词和频度副词同时出现时,通常是程度副词修饰频度副词。
They nearly always spend their holidays in the mountains.
3.方式副词一般放在动词后。
He looked angrily at her. = He looked at her angrily.
4.时间副词和地点副词可放在句首或句尾。
时间副词和地点副词同时出现时,将地点副词+时间副词。
She sang beautifully in the hall last night.
5.副词修饰句子时一般放在句首,有时也位于句中或句尾。
Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end.
知识5　常见的修饰或连接句子的副词
1.逻辑连接副词
表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词therefore/consequently/thus(表结果), however/otherwise/instead/though(表转折), moreover/ furthermore/besides(表递进)等。
Therefore,we have to come here again tomorrow.
The composition is all right. However, there is room for improvement.
Our team lost. It was a good game though.
2.评注性副词
表示推断或说话人的态度等。常见的此类副词有importantly,luckily, fortunately,unfortunately,thankfully等。
Unfortunately, he failed again.
Importantly, we tried our best.
3.某些方式副词
表示方法、手段等。常见的此类副词有slowly,suddenly,happily, normally等。
Normally, I park behind the theatre.
知识6　副词enough的用法
1.enough作副词置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
Students who are brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
Strangely enough, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
2.cannot 与enough连用,表示"再……也不为过",可用"cannot(或can+never等否定词)…too…"结构代替。
You cannot be careful enough.=You cannot be too careful.
特别提醒　 常用的有关形容词/副词的固定搭配:
very much alike 非常相像的
much/so afraid… 非常害怕……
well worth 很值得
dead/blind drunk 酩酊大醉
fast/sound asleep 酣睡的
wide awake十分清醒,完全没有睡意
rain/snow heavily 雨/雪下得很大
heavy traffic/moustache 拥挤的交通/浓密的小胡子
考点3 形容词和副词的
比较等级
考点3 形容词和副词的比较等级
知识1　形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.规则变化
规则 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er和-est fast→faster→fastest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
以e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st late→later→latest wide→wider→widest
以辅音字母结尾且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest thin→thinner→thinnest red→redder→reddest
辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,变y为i再+-er和-est happy→happier→happiesteasy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more和most careful→more careful→most careful
importantly→more importantly→most importantly
特别提醒
1.有少数几个双音节以及以-er或-le结尾的词,既可以加-er和-est,也可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常见的这类词有:common, clever, simple等。
2.有些形容词没有程度可分或者形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。常见的这类词有:favourite, wrong, true, false, excellent, empty, total等。
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther(仅指距离) farthest(仅指距离)
further(指距离或程度) furthest(指距离或程度)
old older(指年龄或新旧) oldest(指年龄或新旧)
elder(指年纪较长的) eldest(指年龄最大的)
5 She 　　　　(far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden(卧床不起的), she was still a lady, and that the old deserved to be treated with respect.
解析 此处表示"进一步解释",应用far的比较级further。
Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).
=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).
Henry doesn't have as/so many books as I have.
知识2　同级比较
1.同级比较的表达方式
特别提醒　as+形容词原级+as+计量名词=计量名词+形容词原级。
The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.
2.形式为同级比较结构的习惯用语
英语中有些短语形式上是同级比较结构,但常用作习惯用语,有特定含义。常见的有:
as long as只要　 as well as既……又 as good as几乎,简直是
as far as远至……(as far as I'm concerned就我而言;
as far as I know就我所知)
I will work as long as I live.
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.
He has experience as well as knowledge.
知识3　比较级
1.比较级的修饰语
常见的有:rather, much, still, no, any (用于否定句或疑问句), even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit, three times 等。
(注意:fairly, quite不可修饰比较级)
The students study even harder than before.
The book is far more interesting than that one.
2.比较级的常见结构
(1)"形容词/副词的比较级+than"表示"两者中一方比另一方更……";
"less+形容词/副词+than"表示"不及/不如……",为否定比较。
This computer is more expensive than mine.这台电脑比我的贵。
He runs less fast than me.他跑得没有我快。
(2)"no+比较级+than"表示"和……一样不……";
"not+比较级+than"表示"不及……"。
You are no taller than me.你和我一样不高。
My handwriting is not better than yours.我写的字没有你的好。
(3)"比较级+and+比较级"和"more and more+多音节词或
部分双音节词原级"表示"越来越……"。
It's getting hotter and hotter.
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
(4)"the+比较级(…),the+比较级(…)"表示"越……越……"。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
The harder you work, the more you will get.
(5)"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两者中较……的那个"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
特别提醒　
有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后用to而不用than。常见的有: superior to(优于,高于),inferior to (次于),senior to(年长于,地位高于), junior to(地位低于), prior to(早于,较重要于)。
This type of computer is superior to that type.
3.形式为比较级结构的习惯用语
习惯用语 含义 例句
less than 少于 It cost Tom less than five dollars.
not less than 不少于,至少 He is not less than 80 years old.
no less than 多达,不少于 No less than a thousand people came.
no less...than 同……一样 English is no less important than maths.
not less...than 在……方面不亚于 English is not less important than maths.
more than 非常,不仅仅,不止 She is more than selfish.
习惯用语 含义 例句
more A than B 与其说B,不如说A He is more diligent than clever.
not more than 不超过,至多 I have not more than ten books in my schoolbag.
no more than 仅仅,只不过 I have no more than ten books in my schoolbag.
not more...than 不比……更 Tom isn't more clever than Jim.
no more...than 和……一样不 Tom is no more clever than Jim.
知识4　最高级
1.最高级的修饰语
常见的有:序数词,by far(通常位于the之前), nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite等。
She is by far the best.
The bridge is the third longest one in China.
2.最高级意义的表达法
(1)the+最高级 (+名词)+比较范围
This apple is the biggest of the five.
(2)never…a(n)+形容词比较级+可数名词单数
I have never read a better book than this. (=This is the best book I have ever read.)
Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student(=all
the other students=any of the other students) in the class.
He is better at English than anything else.他最擅长英语。
(4)否定词+比较级(+than)
No one can be more careful than him.没有人能比他更细心。
9 Shenquan Guyu, a large-scale health and leisure village club, is one of the 　　　 (large)hot spring bases in North China.
特别提醒　
"the most…"表示"最……", 句中通常要有比较范围;
"a most…"不表示比较,其中most 表示程度,相当于very。
Tom is the most diligent student in his class.
He told us a most amusing story yesterday.
知识5　倍数表达法　
表达形式 例句
倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as This tree is three times as tall as that one.
倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than This river is almost three times longer than that one.
倍数+the size/height/ weight/length/width/ depth/...+of The newly-broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
倍数+that+of The size of the newly-broadened square is four times that of the previous one.
倍数+what从句 The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
难点1 -ing形容词和-ed形容词
英语中有很多-ing形容词和-ed形容词,在此我们总结如下:
-ing形容词 -ed形容词
amazing(令人大为惊奇的) amazed(感到惊奇的)
worrying(令人担心的) worried(感到担心的)
touching(令人感动的) touched(受感动的)
frightening(吓人的) frightened(受惊吓的)
exciting(令人兴奋的) excited(感到兴奋的)
pleasing(令人高兴的) pleased(感到高兴的)
satisfying(令人满意的) satisfied(感到满意的)
surprising(令人吃惊的) surprised(感到吃惊的)
-ing形容词 -ed形容词
amusing(好笑的) amused(觉得好笑的)
interesting(有趣的) interested(感兴趣的)
boring(无聊的,令人厌烦的) bored(感到厌烦的,感到无聊的)
disappointing(令人失望的) disappointed(感到失望的)
puzzling(令人迷惑不解的) puzzled(感到迷惑不解的)
exhausting(令人筋疲力尽的) exhausted(感到筋疲力尽的)
tiring(令人疲劳的) tired(感到疲劳的)
特别提醒　 掌握以上两类形容词,要注意以下两点:
1.-ing形容词主要用于修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征,常译为"令人……的";修饰人时,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)
The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。(人本身有趣)
2.-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为"感到……的",强调人自身的情感波动;还可用来修饰air(神态), smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance (外貌), cry(叫声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等显示某人情感状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)
He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(某人因感到激动而发出的声音)　
难点2 同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
有些副词具有两种形式,一种与形容词同形,另一种是"形容词+-ly"构成的副词。这两种形式的副词有时含义相同或略有不同,有时则意义完全不同。常见的这类易出错的副词有:
词汇 含义 例句
close closely 靠近地 They live quite close.
密切地,仔细地 The two events are closely connected.
hard hardly 努力地 He worked hard to succeed.
几乎不 He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
词汇 含义 例句
late lately 晚,迟 I stayed up late last night.
最近,不久前 It's only lately that she's been well enough to go out.
most mostly 最,极其,非常 What do you fear most in your life
通常,主要地 We're mostly out at weekends.
wide widely (门、眼睛等)大开地 He always opened the window wide at night.
广泛地 The method is widely used.
deep deeply 指具体深度 The miners were trapped deep underground.
深深地, 非常,强烈地 Don't be nervous! Lie down and breathe deeply.
He loved his younger brother deeply.
high highly 指具体高度 He never got very high in the company.
高标准地,非常,极为称赞地 He spoke highly of the novel.