衡阳县四中2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试
英语试卷 （创新班）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the game start
A. At 18:00. B. At 19:00. C. At 22:00.
2.Where will the girl eat breakfast
A. At the school cafe. B. At the library. C. At home.
3.What is the woman doing
A. Doing her homework.
B. Taking exercise.
C. Watching TV.
4.What are the speakers doing
A. Playing a game. B. Planning a game. C. Watching a game.
5.What does the man suggest the woman save money for
A. A purse. B. A watch. C. Warm clothes.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How does the woman want to go to Jess's this time
A.By car. B.On foot. C.By bike.
7.Why is the woman going to Jess's
A.To do homework. B.To eat dinner. C.To see a film.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What did the woman like about Ireland
A.The local people.
B.The cost of travel.
C.The weather.
9.What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A.Family members.
B.Good friends.
C.Guide and tourist.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What does the man say about electric energy
A.It's cheaper.
B.It's more convenient.
C.It pollutes less.
11.Which country uses the most electric cars according to the man
A.China. B.Germany. C.Japan.
12.What does the man think will happen by 2050
A.Everyone will use public transport.
B.There will be bicycles everywhere.
C.Electric cars will replace gas cars.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How many universities has the man attended
A.One. B.Two. C.Three.
14.What are the man's talks about
A.Job hunting. B.College life. C.Teaching skills.
15.What does the man advise the woman to study
A.Writing. B.Physics. C.Math.
16.What is the woman worried about
A.Her grades. B.Her tuition fees. C.Her parents' health.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What did Jack usually do while he walked
A.He looked up at the sky.
B.He thought about something.
C.He picked up trash.
18.What did Jack find on the ground
A.A coin. B.Candy. C.A bug.
19.What did Jack do in the end
A.He brought the object with him.
B.He gave the object to someone.
C.He left the object on the ground.
20.Who would most likely discover the same thing as Jack
A.His teacher. B.His classmate. C.A homeless person.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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21.Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method
A. It encourages the active memorization of words.
B. It provides the user with many exercises in grammar.
C. It teaches by translating the foreign language into the user's native language.
D. It allows the user to master a language in a shorter time than the average.
22.Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner's life experiences
A. Listening B. Reading C. Speaking D. Writing
23.In order to know his or her progress, what does a user of this software do
A. He/she turns to the automated tutorials.
B. He/she completes all the 20 activities in each lesson.
C. He/she calls 1800-6310-1389 to seek advice from a teacher.
D. He/she compares his or her voice with the native language.
B
Would you BET on the future of this man He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) "commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence — whether they are driving a truck, or running a store — make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
24.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
25.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
26.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
27.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
C
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes — things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while children pick them up with ease
To understand the apparent paradox, it's important to know a bit about how language acquisition works. Learning depends partly on two separate memory systems: declarative and procedural. Declarative memory describes memorizing specific information like facts and events that can be stated. This is where adults excel. Thanks to developed PFCs, they're able to concentrate and acquire facts relatively quickly. Procedural memory, sometimes referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits — things like playing the piano or fearing insects. Brain areas involved in procedural learning develop early, so children match adults in this area.
It might seem that language learning is based in the declarative memory system, but growing evidence suggests that language learning depends largely on procedural memory. It should be made clear that much of language is built on patterns rather than accurate facts and rules. For example, English words never begin with the "ng" sound and particular words often group together. When acquiring language naturally, children pick up on these tendencies without even noticing. But when adults actively try to learn a new language, they tend to rely on their prefrontal cortex. Their declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning.
This is not to say that learning vocabulary and rules is completely useless; focusing on specifics can be helpful, and it is where adults outperform children. However, evidence shows that learning can improve when the PFC "turns off" and allows procedural memory system to take lead. So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language.
28.What does the underlined word "paradox" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Contradictory situation. B. Classical theory.
C. Scientific viewpoint. D. Cognitive process.
29.Which of the following mainly involves procedural memory
A. Learning grammar rules. B. Classifying insects.
C. Playing a musical instrument. D. Remembering a friend's birthday.
30.What is true about language learning according to the text
A. Kids rely less on procedural memory.
B. Declarative memory may get in the way.
C. It's useless to memorize vocabulary and rules.
D. Adults pay much attention to language patterns.
31.What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To share tips for becoming successful learners.
B. To explain differences between adults and kids
C. To introduce major concepts of memory system.
D. To explore scientific ways for language learning.
D
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way you want to be treated."
In addition to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素) Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There can be a positive contagion(扩散) effect, where other people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I can help you; I'm always available to help." Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to say "no". Recognize when your plate is already too full. When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.
32.What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness
A. It does good to our mind.
B. It reduces hormone levels.
C. It adds years to people's life.
D. It leads to the success of civilizations.
33.What might the new person feel one year later
A. Grateful. B. Bored. C. Disappointed. D. Energetic.
34.What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A. When you're too full to eat anything.
B. When your kind acts get appreciated.
C. When you should ask others a favor.
D. When you're physically and mentally tired.
35.What can be the best title for the text
A. Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B. Are we tiring ourselves with kindness
C. Why are random acts of kindness important
D. Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study. 36________. But did you know these things are related to each other through the food chain Every part of nature belongs to a community where each member uses the lower members to stay alive.
Every part of the world has food chains, including the oceans and the deserts(沙漠). 37_______, the whole chain could fall apart. The food chain is most disturbed(扰乱) by people because we build neighborhoods on the land where animals live and we pollute the environment. Both these actions make it difficult for other living things to survive. Still there is a lot we can do to protect the parts of food chains. Here are some ideas that can help:
38_______. Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live.
Do not pollute the environment. Recycle(回收) any material you can. 39_______. Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.
Keep learning about and respecting(尊重) plants, animals, and the environment. 40_______. You may even pass it on to your own children someday. It's important that as many people as possible protect nature and keep the food chain whole.
A. Share your space
B. If you ever want to see it
C. But if one part is taken away
D. We depend on each other for food and survival
E. Ride your bike or walk to places that you need to go
F. You can then pass this information on to your parents and friends
G. Maybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This ___41___ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great opportunity for some, but can be ___42___ for others. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to __43___ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.
Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students' ___44___ to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they__45___ a successful future for themselves.
"The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially ___46___ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness," explains Destin. "This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when ___47__ difficulty.
In two almost identical laboratory experiments — one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students (including 101 women) — participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future ___48___. After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an imitated interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to __49___ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants' ___50___ the academic test.
The results were in agreement with the theory of identity-based motivation. Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from ___51___ during challenging academic situations. Specifically, lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action ___52___ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their __53___.
"Stimulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a ___54___ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors," says Destin. "The findings __55__ suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid."
41.A. instruction B. strategy C. challenge D. psychology
42.A. disgraceful B. shameful C. harmful D. stressful
43.A. hesitation B. intention C. depression D. decision
44.A. willingness B. options C. responses D. applications
45.A. destroy B. imagine C. abandon D. substitute
46.A. powerful B. upright C. unique D. ambitious
47.A. avoiding B. overcoming C. surrendering D. encountering
48.A. experience B. suffering C. success D. failure
49.A. design B. complete C. comment D. revise
50.A. put away B. put on C. put out D. put into
51.A. withdrawing B. transforming C. advancing D. engaging
52.A. quantity B. dullness C. readiness D. inability
53.A. fascination B. ignorance C. dilemma D. performance
54.A. tolerable B. potential C. straight D. academic
55.A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhile
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is easy to get carried away in 56______ argument. While 57______(have) a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person 58______understanding. The Empathy (共鸣) Challenge is an exercise 59______ (create) by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chanice teaches a course called "Mastering Influence and Persuasion" where students learn to communicate 60______(effective).
In her blog, Chance explains 61______ is important to listen to people who disagree with you. "As they explain their position, you listen for their hidden values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That's it. "
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn't understand why many people preferred 62______(vote) for Donald Trump, she found three Trump's voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, 63______ (explain) that he supported Trump because Trump's daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom. The third was a lawyer 64______ believed that honesty was important to political leaders.
Although Chance and those people had different political 65________(belief), they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that's the point of the exercise-to understand others as fellow human beings.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anna要参加主题为"水资源保护"(Thirsty Earth)的海报征集活动。她写信向你求助，请你回信，要点包括：
1. 表示支持；
2. 给出建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Anna,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the sky. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm(一大群) of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and they seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding with great speed but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to lie in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father's words came to him. "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it."
On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson's home. "Bees don't like smoke," he thought. "They couldn't get into the house." Andy raced towards the Nelson's house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. But he tried his best to keep calm so that he could come up with an idea to escape from the dangerous situation. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam which was often used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分
第一节
1.答案：B
M: After waiting for half an hour in line, I finally got tickets to tonight's game. It starts at 7:00 and ends at 10:00.
W: Great! I will pick you up at 6:00.
2.答案：A
M: I'm going to make breakfast for us. Do you want to eat a pancake or beef burger
W: Thanks, Dad. But I'm in a hurry. I have to meet my friend at the library in an hour. I'll get a quick breakfast at the school cafe.
3.答案：C
M: Mary, have you finished your homework Are you watching the new TV series
W: Yes. Mom and Dad have gone to the gym so I'm watching it here. Do you want to watch it with me
4.答案：A
W: This time, I will go first. You went first the past two times.
M: But I also won the last two games. Play the game fairly!
5.答案：C
W: When I get more money, I'll buy a new purse or a new watch.
M: You should save money to buy warm clothes. It's almost December.
第二节
答案：6.B; 7.C
M: I still don't think it's a good idea. It's just too cold to walk outside. Besides, at this time of night it's hard for drivers to see you.
W: Don't worry. I'll be fine. Jess lives only two blocks away. It's right on Main Street. I ride my bike there all the time.
M: What are you going there for, anyway Did you even finish your homework
W: I finished before dinner. I'm going there to watch a movie with her. I'll call you once I get there.
答案：8.A; 9.B
M: It's been a whole year since our long tour of Ireland. Should we go back there again for holiday, Kelly
W: It was way too rainy and cold when we were in Ireland, and the trip cost me a lot. The people there were so friendly, though!
M: Then let's just get our friends together and go to the beach.
W: Yes, it would be easier not to take time off from work.
M: I'm not working now, but my family would prefer me not to travel far away and save money.
W: Great. If we get a group of our friends together, we can share the cost and it won't be expensive.
答案：10.C; 11.A; 12.C
M: Yesterday I read about electric energy for cars replacing gas.
W: Does electric energy mean it's more environmentally-friendly and cheaper
M: It is always less polluting. In the future, companies will improve technology to make it cheaper and more convenient as well.
W: Which places use the most electric cars
M: Right now it is China.
W: Don't you think we will just use buses and trains instead of cars in the future
M: I think people will only drive electric cars by 2050 because of advanced technology from China, Germany, Japan, and the US.
W: I think people will use more bicycles as well and the air in big cities will become cleaner!
答案：13.C; 14.B; 15.A; 16.B
M: Receiving a good education means that you will have more options when you try to find a job.
W: Did you go to university, sir
M: I have been to three different universities. That is how much I love learning.
W: So are you a teacher
M: Not in the same way as your other teachers. I go around schools giving talks about university life, to prepare them and help them if they are looking to apply. Do you want to go to university
W: I do, but I don't know what I want to study.
M: What subjects are you strong on
W: I get good grades in math and physics, but I want to be a writer.
M: Then you should study writing and maybe languages, too.
W: Even though I want to go, I am not sure whether my family can afford to send me.
M: That's another reason I visit schools. The universities I work for offer help and support when it comes to funding education.
W: I'm so glad to hear that. Now please tell me more about it.
答案：17.B; 18.A; 19.C; 20.B
M: One day, Jack was walking home from school. He liked to think about important things while he was walking, and he often looked down at the sidewalk while he thought. He never noticed most things like bugs and small pieces of trash. But this day, a shiny coin caught his eyes. He stopped and picked it up. It was a nice dollar coin. With that, he could buy a package of candy. But he decided to put the coin on the ground again. What if a homeless person might need that money more than he did He could buy a cup of hot coffee or a loaf of bread with it. But then, Jack quickly picked up the coin again. What if one of the wealthy guys found it But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away, because he had seen the poorest boy in his class heading in the same direction, with his eyes also on the ground.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Guaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language"(保证！学习一门语言最快的方法)和第二段第二句"Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion (互动沉浸式) method, our interactive (人机对话的) software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar exercises."(使用屡获殊荣的动态沉浸式教学方法，我们的互动软件无需翻译、记忆或语法练习。)可知，动态沉浸式教学法的主要优点是它允许使用者在比一般人更短的时间内掌握一门语言。故选D。
22.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Reading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas."(阅读：文本练习通过将书面语言与现实生活中的物体、动作和想法联系起来，提高你的阅读技能。)可知，课程中的阅读技巧更多地与学习者的生活经历有关。故选B。
23.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据"Automated tutorials (辅导) that assess where you need extra help."(自动化教程评估您需要额外帮助的地方。)可知，为了了解进度，该软件的用户需要转向自动化教程。故选A。
B
24.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.(他今年53岁，他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作斗争。战争中受伤使他的左手失去了功能，他经常被关进监狱。在不知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书)"可知，Cervantes已经53岁，不再年轻，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便这样，他还是决定写一本书；根据第二段"The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.(事实证明，这本书已经吸引了全世界350多年)"可知，他最终实现了目标，并取得了巨大成功。由此推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作为开始，是为了告诉读者年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选B。
25.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文"I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.(我说的不是那些没能到达巅峰的人，我们不可能都到达巅峰，我说的是那些停止学习和成长的人，因为随着岁月的流逝，他们已经采取了固定的态度和观点)"可知，作者谈论的是那些还没走到人生的一半，就失去了继续学习的兴趣的人。由此推知，划线词组run out of steam意思是"失去继续学习的兴趣"。故选D。
26.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段"We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.(我们学会了忍受我们无法改变的事情。我们学会避免自怜。我们知道，无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们—— 这个想法一开始很让人苦恼，但最终会让人释怀)"可推知，作者是想告诉我们，要学会用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
27.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段"With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我),(有了高度的动力和热情，我们可以继续学习，然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么的重要；然而，只有当我们对一些比我们自己的小我更大的东西做出承诺时，我们才能实现生活中的意义)"并结合全文可知，作者的目的是为了给人们指导人们如何过上有意义的成年生活。故选A。
C
28.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段内容"The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes—things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while children pick them up with ease (前额叶脑皮层是大脑的重要部分。它是高阶认知过程的核心—比如推理、自控和注意力。儿童在几乎所有认知任务上的表现都比成年人差，因为他们的PFC尚未发育。那么，为什么大多数成年人在学习新语言时很吃力，而儿童却能轻松地学会呢？)"可知，儿童的PFC尚未发育，所以他们的认知表现比成年人差，但是在语言学习上却又比成年人效果好，这是一种矛盾的现象，由此可推知划线词paradox与Contradictory situation同义，表示"矛盾的情况"。故选A。
29.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句"Procedural memory, sometimes referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits—things like playing the piano or fearing insects.(程序记忆，有时被称为肌肉记忆或身体记忆，记录习得性技能和无意识知识、反应和习惯，例如弹钢琴或害怕昆虫)"可知，弹奏钢琴等乐器涉及到程序记忆。故选C。
30.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Their declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning.(当他们专注于记忆词汇和应用语法时，他们的陈述性记忆系统开始发挥作用，这通常会导致不良的学习成果)"可知，陈述性记忆可能会成为语言学习的一种阻碍。故选B。
31.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段后两句"So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language.(因此，与其积极努力集中注意力和记忆，不如让自己去体验这门语言，你可能会受益更多。你可以看电视节目，参加讨论小组，或者听该门语言的音乐)"可知，作者通过前文对成人和儿童语言学习差别的分析，给出了语言学习的方法建议。故选D。
D
32.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二三句"According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.(根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上)"可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A。
33.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句"Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.(虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用)"和第四段前三句"Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. (让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助)"可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C。
34.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句"When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.(当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说"不"，对自己说"是")"可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D。
35.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。由文章第二段最后两句"The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization. (那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题)"和文意可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，即B选项Are we tiring ourselves with kindness 最适合做本文的标题。故选B。
第二节
答案：36-40 GCAEF
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了保护生态平衡的重要性以及方法。
36.由上文"Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study.(你自己的后院可能是一个好玩的地方。你可以爬树，研究昆虫)"可知，在后院，你可以近距离的接触动植物，可以做很多的事，承接上文，G项"也许你可以听到鸟在唱歌或者看见宠物猫在太阳下睡觉"是在后院接触动物的例子。故选G。
37.由上文"Every part of the world has food chains (世界的每一部分都有食物链)"可知，上文讲食物链的每一部分都很重要，结合下文"the whole chain could fall apart.(整个食物链可能会垮掉)"可知，下文讲在某种情况下导致的坏结果，那么，空格处就应该是条件或者假设，承接上下文，C项"但是，如果食物链中的一部分缺失"切题。故选C。
38.空格处是主题句。由下文"Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live.(使你的后院成为一个其它生物都喜欢的地方。种植更多的花和树。最重要的是，尽量不要打扰其他动物居住的地方)"可知，你要和这些生物和平共处，不要干扰它们的生活，说明要与动植物分享空间，承接下文，A项"共享你的空间"切题。故选A。
39.由上文"Do not pollute the environment. Recycle any material you can.(不要污染环境。尽可能回收任何材料)"和下文"Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.(公路上如果小汽车少就意味着我们可以呼吸较新鲜的空气) "可知，上文作者建议不要污染环境，还进行了举例说明，下文讲汽车少的好结果，可得出为了不污染环境、呼吸较新鲜的空气，可以少开车，用其它更环保的方式出行，减少污染，承接上下文，E项"你需要做的是骑自行车或者走路"切题。故选E。
40.由上文"Keep learning about and respecting plants, animals, and the environment.(不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境)"和下文"You may even pass it on to your own children someday.(有一天，你甚至可以将这个传递给你自己的孩子)"可知，正确的观念(即不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境)需要发扬光大。F项"你可以将这个信息传递给父母和朋友"也是对正确观念的肯定，F项使用You can then pass…; 下文使用You may even pass…。根据句式相同原则可知F项切题。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一策略似乎对社会经济地位相对较低的女学生特别有效。A. instruction指令；B. strategy策略、战略；C. challenge挑战；D. psychology心理。空前说对自己的未来有一个清晰的认识可以激励学生在大学生活的挑战中继续前进，此处指的就是这个策略，文章最后一句话中的"strategies"也是提示。故选B。
42.答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学对一些人来说是一个很好的机会，但对另一些人来说可能会有压力。A. disgraceful可耻的；B. shameful不体面的；C. harmful有害的；D. stressful有压力的、紧张的。空后说这往往是许多学生第一次远离家人和朋友经常和熟悉的支持，社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩，这说明大学对一些人来说可能是有压力的。故选D。
43.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。A. hesitation犹豫；B. intention目的；C. depression沮丧；D. decision决定。空前说社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，因此这可能导致他们犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。故选A。
44.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Destin和他的同事们希望了解学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。A. willingness乐意；B. options选择；C. responses反应、回应；D. applications应用。根据空后的"to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future."可知，他们想知道学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。故选C。
45.答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它认为，当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。A. destroy破坏；B. imagine想象、憧憬；C. abandon放弃；D. substitute替代。空前说这个想法是建立在基于身份的动机理论的基础上的，此处是对这个理论的解释，即：当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。故选B。
46.答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识。A. powerful强大的、有力量的；B. upright正直的；C. unique独特的；D. ambitious有抱负的。上文说这个理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以激发对成功的未来身份的关注会特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，be powerful in表示"在……方面是有力的"。故选A。
47.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这包括在遇到困难时感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动。A. avoiding避免；B. overcoming克服；C. surrendering投降；D. encountering遇到。根据空前的"feeling ready and able to take appropriate action"可知，感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动是遇到困难时的反应。故选D。
48.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者首先被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。A. experience经历、经验；B. suffering苦难；C. success成功；D. failure失败。上文说基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，这个理论的核心就是"成功的身份"，所以参与者被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。故选C。
49.答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过深思熟虑后，参与者在模拟采访一位所谓讲师的过程中被拍摄下来，然后完成一次困难的学术测试。A. design设计；B. complete 完成；C. comment 评论；D. revise修正。根据空后说的研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度可知，参与者需要完成一次困难的学术测试。故选B。
50.答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究团队记录了参与者的肢体语言是否大胆自信，并衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。A. put away放好；B. put on穿上；C. put out熄灭；D. put into放进、放到。根据空前的"measured the amount of effort"可知，研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。故选D。
51.答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Destin和他的团队发现，拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。A. withdrawing退缩、撤离；B. transforming转换；C. advancing推动；D. engaging从事。上文说基于身份的动机理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以此处是说拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。故选A。
52.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。A. quantity数量；B. dullness迟钝；C. readiness准备就绪、愿意；D. inability无能。上文说基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，所以社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。故选C。
53.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这帮助她们更加努力地应对考试，并对她们的表现产生了间接影响。A. fascination魅力；B. ignorance无知；C. dilemma 困境；D. performance表现。空前说她们表现出更加自信的肢体语言，这间接影响了她们的表现。故选D。
54.答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：激发想象中的成功的未来身份似乎提供了一条潜在的途径，使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力。A. tolerable可容忍的；B. potential潜在的；C. straight直的；D. academic学术的。根据空后的"___ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors"可知，激发想象中的成功的未来身份提供了一条使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力的潜在途径。故选B。
55.答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，研究结果表明，某些学生可能会从一些策略中受益，这些策略提醒他们在完成任何困难而重要的任务之前，先想象自己成功的未来，否则他们可能会逃避这些任务。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. meanwhile同时。此处总结上文，说的是这个研究结果的意义，前后是因果关系，此处表示结果。故选A。
第二节
答案：56.an；57.having；58.with；59.created；60.effectively；61.it ；62.to vote；63.explained；64.who/that；65.beliefs
解析：本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述了虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但是有一种方法可以走进对方即同理心，这就是尊重不同的观点或立场。
56.考查冠词。句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为"争论"为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。分析句子，设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。
58.考查介词。句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示"用"介词使用with。故填with。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊·钱尼斯发起的一项练习。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语都能歌词作后置定语，逻辑主语exercise与create之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填created。
60.考查副词。句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为"掌握影响力和说服"的课程，让学生学习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处应该使用effective的副词effectively作状语，修饰动词communicate，意为"有效地"。故填effectively。
61.考查代词。句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。分析句子，设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to listen。故填it。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。句中prefer to do为固定短语，意为"更喜欢做某事"。故填to vote。
63.考查动词。句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。分析句子，设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。
64.考查定语从句。句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是lawyer，为人，使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
65.考查名词。句意：虽然吉斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据文中different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为"信念，信条"，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Anna,
Hearing that you plan to participate in the "Thirsty Earth" poster show activity, I feel happy for you and also honored to have the opportunity to offer some tips.
Firstly, it's important to make an eye-catching headline or slogan that helps people figure out the theme of water protection. Besides, adding pictures is strongly recommended to make the poster vivid. Last but not least, I hope you can find some related information of the present water situation on the earth and put it in simple sentences to cultivate people's awareness.
I hope my tips can be of help to you .Wish you a success in your poster design.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson happened to be home and seeing the tired and wet boy, the owner took him inside. After knowing what Andy had experienced, he praised the boy and rang his mother.
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him. Seeing Andy, his mother anxiously asked whether he was injured. Andy answered it was the dam that saved him. His mother laughed with relief and said he really needed that fishing break to help him recover. But Andy did not hear her. He was thinking his father's words "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic." And he realized how important it was to listen to parents.
