2014届中考英语第二轮语法互动------被动语态

课件33张PPT。中考英语语法被动语态教 学 目 标基 础 知 识一、什么是被动语态？
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。
1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。2. 被动语态的构成：
被字句：主语+ be +动词过去分词(v-ed) +by sb.
我打他 I beat him. (打过了)
他被我打=他打被我 He was beaten by me.
他喜欢她 He likes her.
她喜欢被他 She is liked by him. (am/ is / are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。学好被动语态的两个基础条件一、每种时态的be动词形式。
二、不规则动词。主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)主+am/ is/ are…
主+ am/ is/ are + being
主+ will + be…
主+ has been…
He is a leader.
He is being here.
He will be a leader.
He has been a leader.
主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)主+was/ were…
主+ was/ were + being
主+ would + be…
主+ had been…
He was a leader.
He was being here just now.
He would be a leader.
He had been a leader several years ago.被动语态:主+ be +过去分词+(by sb)1. He eats the apple.
2. He ate the apple.
3. He is eating the apple.
4. He was eating the apple.
5. He will eat the apple.
6. He would eat the apple.
7. He has eaten the apple.
8. He had eaten the apple.1. The apple is eaten by him.
2. The apple was eaten by him.
3. The apple is being eaten by
him.
4. The apple was being eaten by
him.
5. The apple will be eaten by him.
6. The apple would be eaten by
him.
7. The apple has been eaten by
him.
8. The apple had been eaten by
him.三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。
His son must take care of the person.
这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。
The person must be taken care of by his son.
含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。
构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.1. You must do this as
soon as possible.
2. I can use it.
3. You should buy a
dictionary.
4. She ought to clean her bedroom.
5. They need look after the little child.
6. We can change water into ice.1. This must be done as
soon as possible (by you).
2. It can be used.
3. A dictionary should be bought(by you).
4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.
5. The little child need be looked after(by them).
6. Water can be changed into ice.提 高 知 识一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？
1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
这类动词或短语如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。
(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
Fit合适, have, hold, marry结婚, own拥有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch
agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to属于
(3)系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good. 听起来很好。
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
5) 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。?The plan worked out successfully.?The lamps on the wall turn off.?
二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？
不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。
常见的不及物动词有：
apologize道歉 appear出现 arrive到达
come来 go去 run跑 walk走 die死
fall掉落 flow流淌 happen发生 rise升起
stay停留 sit坐 lie躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳基础练习题( ) 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded
C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken
C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3.This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang
C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A. makes B. made
C. is making D. is made
( ) 5New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using
C. are used D. have used
( ) 6. Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 7. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built
C. been built D. be building
( ) 8. The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left
C. is left D. has been left
( ) 9. His new book___ next month.
A. will be published　 B. is publishing
C. is being published　D. has been published( ) 10. The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
Answers: 1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB
提高练习题1. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt　 B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt　 D. are going to rebuilt
2. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown
C. will show D. is shown3. Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping
C. have been keeping D. have been kept
4. -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling
C. It's been sold D. it had been sold5. These papers___yet.
A.have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
6. The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
7. The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed
C. keep D. borrow8. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended
C. can be mend D. can be mended
9. Tea ___ in the south of China.(多)
A. grows B. is grown
C. were grown D. will grow
10. Old people must ___.
A. look after well　B. be looked well after
C. looked well afterD. be looked after well11. Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care　　
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of　　　
D. take good care
12. I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. am given B. was been giving
C. had given D. was given
13. She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of
C. take; for you D. be taken; of you14. The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do　 B. do　 C. did　 D. done
15. These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for
C. were seen D. saw to
16. The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost　 B. costed　　
C. cost　　 D. is costed17. The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held
C. held D. had
18. Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place to B. have taken place
C. were taking place D. had taken place
19. You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong
C. is bad D. has broken down20. The medicine______in a dry and cool place .A .keep???????? B .must keep???????????
C .must be kept D .must be keep
Anwers:
1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD
11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDAC三、被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语。
1. The cat is called Tom. (被动语态)
2. There is a cat(called Tom) in the house. (过去分词短语作后置定语)
3例：He called the man called John.
4例：The developed countries have developed over 200 years.四：被动语态不要与表示状态句型混淆 类型一
He is interested in the game.
The game is made in China.
类型二
The door is closed.
The door is closed by John.
练 习 题1. Somebody___Jack phoned while you were out.
A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called
2. These walls___stone.
A. are made of　　 B. made of
C. are made into　 D. made into
3. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
4. The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for
C. was made for D. was made to
5. Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking
C. broke D. broken
6. The boy___ is my friend.
A. is named John B. name John
C. named John D. are named John7. The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
8. The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written
9. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. 　　
A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buying
10. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ____.　　
A. to spend B. spentC. being spent D. spending
Answers: 1-5 DABCA 6-10 CBDBB