人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
选择性必修二
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
John snow defeats “king cholera”
Who is he
Archimedes (阿基米德)
Which scientist discovered that objects in water are
lifted up by a force that helps them float
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
Who is he
Who is he
Who put forward a theory about black holes
Who is he
Who is he
John Snow
(1813-1858)
John Snow was born in York on March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.
York
London
Do you know him
Reading
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
The text is mainly about ____________ and _______ he defeated king cholera.
how
John Snow
stages in scientific research
Draw a conclusion
Collect data
Ask a question
Find a problem
Analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Think of a method
Find a problem
Para.1
1.What’s the problem
2.What’s John’s decision
Cholera causes______diarrhoea,dehydration, and even death.In the eary19th century,when an _______of cholera______Europe, millions of people died_______the diease.
John never lost his _____ to ________ cholera once and for all.
severe
hit
from
outbreak
destroy
desire
Cholera used to be a _____________disease
Ask a question & Think of a method
Para.2
1.What are the two theories Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable
2.What did John Snow ready to do when another outbreak hit London in 1854
The two theories
Cholera was caused by an ________
from ______ in _____________ .
◆________ caused the disease.
Bad air
infection
germs
food or water
He began to ____________ and was determined to ___________
investigate
find out why.
used to do sth 过去是，曾经是
one of the most feared diseases 最令人恐惧的疾病之一
in the early 19th century 在19世纪初
millions of ...... 成千上万的…，无数的......
died from ......死于......
in time 迟早; 最后; 经过一段时间之后
rise to do sth 上升到能做某事
attend to sb/sth 处理...;料理...;照顾...
give birth (to sb) 生（孩子）;生育；产生
lose one's desire to do 失去做某事的欲望
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
used to do sth
one of the most feared diseases
in the early 19th century
millions of ...... .
died from .... . （环境、事故）外因 VS die of 死于内因（疾病、衰老）
in time 及时 VS on time 准时、按时
rise to do sth rise to sth 有能力处理某事/进圈套
attend to sb/sth
give birth (to sb)
lose one's desire to do
once and for all
in general 通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说
have two contradictory theories 有两种截然不同的看法
subscribe to sth 同意...;赞同... ;定期订购/缴纳/捐款
need proof 需要证据
in two particular streets 在两个特定的街道上
the cholera outbreak 霍乱爆发;霍乱疫情
so ......that...... 如此...以至于...
die in ten days 十天内死掉
be determined to do sth 决心做某事
in general 通常；大体上；一般而言，总的来说
have two contradictory theories 有两种截然不同的看法
subscribe to sth 同意...;赞同... ;定期订购/缴纳/捐款
need proof 需要证据
in two particular streets 在两个特定的街道上
the cholera outbreak 霍乱爆发;霍乱疫情
so ......that...... 如此...以至于...
die in ten days 十天内死掉
be determined to do sth 决心做某事
e.g. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
The courts are becoming more severe on/with young offenders.
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
【常用搭配】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
severity n. 严重性
1. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even death.
severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的
严厉的; 重的
严厉的; 苛刻的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He ________________ his children.
他对子女很严格。
2) 我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。
______________________________
is severe with/on
I felt a severe pain in the chest.
【语境应用】完成句子。
In 2020, many species of animals ____________ (死于) the forest fire in Australia.
2) It is well known that smoking does harm to health. A lot of people ____________ (死于) lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking.
died from
die of
3. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction
互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
in contradiction to 与……恰恰相反
【语境应用】完成句子。
But the information I got was rich and varied, or even _____________. 但我得到 的信息丰富多样，甚至相互矛盾。
2) People found this sort of ____________ (contradict) reality to accept. 人们觉得这矛盾的现实难以接受。
3) He kept ___________________ when we were arguing ― I think he was a bit confused. 当我们争论的时候他为断自相矛盾―我认为他有点困惑了。
4) Your attitude is in contradiction____________ your character.你的态度和你的性格相矛盾。
contradictory
contradictory
contradicting himself
to
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow____________the places where the people who ____ had lived
C:Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
D: The pump water carried
__________.
handle
conclusion
evidence
process
solution
theories
Read the para 2&3 and complete that chart of how Snow found out what cause Cholera.
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
air
food or water
marked on
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
mark on a map the exact places 在地图上标记出确切的位置
multiple deaths 多人死亡 some households 一些家庭/住户
work in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street 在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作
be given free beer 被提供免费啤酒
suspect sb of sth/of doing sth/that... 怀疑某人有.....罪
be to blame for..... (不好的事) 对…负责任
die of/from sth 死于...... move away from... 从...离开
It seemed that... 看起来似乎... carry cholera germs携带霍乱病菌
have sth delivered to ...让人把某物运到.....
as a result of ...由于…的结果；起因
have the handle of the pump removed 让人拆掉了水泵的把手
through this intervention通过这种干预
be stopped in one's tracks 在自己的轨道上被遏制
mark on a map the exact places 在地图上标记出确切的位置
multiple deaths 多人死亡 some households 一些家庭/住户
work in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street 在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作
be given free beer 被提供免费啤酒
suspect sb of sth/of doing sth/that... 怀疑某人有.....罪
be to blame for..... (不好的事) 对…负责任
die of/from sth 死于...... move away from... 从...离开
It seemed that... 看起来似乎... carry cholera germs携带霍乱病菌
have sth delivered to ...让人把某物运到.....
as a result of ...由于…的结果；起因
have the handle of the pump removed 让人拆掉了水泵的把手
through this intervention通过这种干预
be stopped in one's tracks 在自己的轨道上被遏制
Para 4
The truth was _____ the water from the Broad Street pump _______________(infect)by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera ____ the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames _____ was polluted _____ raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera _____ those who drank pure or boiled water
Main idea
John found the truth about cholera.
that
had been infected
and
that/which
by
than
1. be infected by waste
2. be polluted by raw waste
3. drink pure or boiled water
4. water companies
5. other cases of cholera
6. be likely to do
被废弃物感染
被未经处理的废物污染
喝纯净水或未煮沸的水
供水公司
另外的霍乱案例
可能做某事
Para 4 phrases
Para 5
______ Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and _____ threat of cholera around the world saw ___ substantial decrease. However, cholera is still ___ problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera _____ many die from it. ____________
(fortunate), we now know ____ to prevent cholera, thanks __ the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow ___________(transform) the way scientists study diseases. _____ this reason, Snow is considered ____ father of modern epidemiology
Main idea
John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.
Through
the
a
a
and
Fortunately
how
to
transformed
For
the
1. through his tireless efforts
2. the threat of cholera
3. a substantial decrease
4. transform the way scientists study disease
5. millions of people
6. thanks to
7. be considered (as/to be)
通过他不懈的努力
霍乱的威胁
一个大幅度下降
转变了科学家研究疾病的方式
许多人
幸亏，由于
被认为是
Para 5 phrases
the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease
是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。
无生命的名词 +see/find/witness... ……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事
The city has seen great changes since 1990.
这个城市自 1990 年以来发生了巨大的变化。
有些动词，如 see，find，witness 等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。
Last year witnessed a severe shortage of food.
去年食物严重缺乏。
英汉互译
这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。
_________________________________________________
(2) 晚上他在寂静的大街上独自徘徊。
_________________________________________________
(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city.
__________________________________________________
(4)The street light found the girl crying.
__________________________________________________
The old tree has seen the improvement of people’s life.　
The quiet street found him wandering alone in the evening.
我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。
女孩在路灯下哭泣。
Reading Comprehension
1. Which of the following did John Snow think was the most important to defeat a disease
A. Finding its cause. 　
B. Finding its cure.
C. Finding its result.
D. Finding its harm.
A
2. What made John Snow the father of modern
epidemiology
A. His tireless efforts and work
B. His solution to the decrease of cholera.
C. His use of maps and statistics.
D. His fortune of discovering the cause of the disease.
C
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Polluted water was a main reason for spreading
cholera.
B. Broad Street and Cambridge Street had their own
water pumps.
C. Cholera spread through air.
D. John Snow found the cause of cholera by accident.
A
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow____________the places where the people who ____ had lived
C:Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
D: The pump water carried
__________.
handle
conclusion
evidence
process
solution
theories
Read the para 2&3 and complete the chart below.
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
air
food or water
marked on
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
1. Q: What ______________________________
A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by
germs in food or water.
2. Q: Why ________________________________
______________________
A: Snow had the handle from the pump
removed so that it could not be used.
3. Q: How _______________________________
A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to
the work of John Snow.
did Snow think cholera was caused
did Snow have the handle from the pump removed
was the cholera threat defeated
Ask questions
One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic.
What questions would you ask to get the following answers
1. What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didn't he use Why
He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred. He didn’t use a microscope, for example. He didn’t test the water, nor did he draw blood or examine patients. The reason he did not use medical equipment such as a microscope was because they did not exist during his time.
2. How has John Snow’s work affected our daily lives
Snow's work has provided readily available clean water to drink, for example, as well as an emphasis on hygiene, such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty. He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics, and transformed the way scientists study diseases, which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.
In order not to get infected with disease, what should we pay attention to in our daily life.
Drink boiled water.
Remember to wear a mask when going out.
Heat the food left overnight
Wash your hands often.
Cook raw food thoroughly.
Deal with rubbish timely and properly.
戴手套
Thank for your attention.