外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life Vocabulary & listening 课件(共28张PPT)

(共28张PPT)
Lessons in Life
Unit 2
Using language
Vocabulary & listening
Grammar: passive voice
被动语态的定义
在英语中，我们用语态来表示句子中主语和谓语之间的主动和被动关系。
主动语态（active voice）：主语是动作的执行者
被动语态（passive voice）：主语是动作的承受者
例如：
Tom chases Jerry.
Jerry is chased by Tom.
被动语态的形式
被动语态的基础形式是be done.
高中阶段所学的11种时态，除了现在完成进行时（have being doing）和将来进行时（will be doing）外，都有被动语态形式。
其他形式：modal v. + be done; get/become done
时态 被动语态结构 时态 被动语态结构
一般现在时 现在完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 将来完成时
现在进行时
一般过去将来时 过去进行时
am/is/are done
was/were done
will/shall be done
am/is/are going to be done
would be done
have/has been done
had been done
will been done
am/is/are being done
was/were being done
Passive voice
现在时 过去时 将来时
一般体
进行体
完成体
完成进行体
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
将来完成进行时
过去将来时
do/does; am/is/are
did; was/were
will do
would do
am/is/are doing
will be doing
was/were doing
have/has done
had done
will have done
am/is/are done
was/were done
will/would be done
am/is/are/ was/were being done
have/has/had/will have been done
无
被动语态的用法
例句 用法
Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake. The money has been stolen. He was suspected of cheating.
Tuesdays with Morrie is made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages. It’s reported that scientists have discovered a new habitable planet with a nice temperature.
Candidates are required to present themselves 15 minutes before the exam. What you have said will be used against you in the court.
强调动作承受者；或动作执行者不明。
平衡句子结构，避免“头重脚轻”。
用于新闻、法律、论文等正式语体中，以增加客观性。
P17 Activity 1
a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, …
b … Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages,…
C A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!
1 The subject is not known, is unimportant, or is “people in general” and can be omitted.
2 The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
3 The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and match them to the reasons why the passive voice is used.
c
a
b
将下列句子改写成被动语态形式。
We have caught the thief. （主谓宾）
Mom gave me much money. （主谓宾宾）
We made Ryan monitor of the class.（主谓宾补）
She looks after the children well.（谓语为动词短语）
→The thief has been caught by us.
→Much money was given to me by mom.
→I was given much money by mom.
→Ryan was made monitor of the class.
→The children are looked after well by her.
主动语态表被动意义
sell, write, read, wash, peel, wash, clean, cut, wear等+ easily, well, quickly等副词，表事物客观属性。
译：这些句子读起来很清楚。
These sentences read clearly.
译：这乳酪很好切。
This cheese cuts easily.
2. open, close, shut, lock, move与can’t, won’t 搭配，表事物客观属性。
例：The door can’t lock. 门锁不上。
3. hang, bake, cook 等词表状态。
例：The raincoat is hanging behind the door. 雨衣挂在门后。
The meat is cooking.肉正煮着。
主动语态表被动意义
固定用法。
need/want/require/deserve/be worth + doing sth
sb be to blame for sth
sth be adj. (for) sb to do
感官动词/系动词
翻译：
1. 这丝绸摸起来很软。
The silk feels soft.
2. 这个话题值得一提。
This topic is worth mentioning.
3. 这个任务做起来不难。
The job is easy to do.
Activity 2
Rewrite the underlined parts using the passive voice.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. People believe that
he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human
traits and wisdom. Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a
short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, children and adults all around the world still enjoy Aesop’s Fables.
that is credited to Aesop
It’s believed that...
which were used to
that is summarised
Aesop’s Fables are still enjoyed today by children and adults…
Activity 3
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion...
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The lion wanted to eat the mouse, but the mouse said that he would help the lion someday, if he was let go. The lion thought, “How can a great animal be helped by a little animal ” But the mouse was allowed to leave. Several days later, the lion was caught by the hunter’s net. The mouse bit the net with his strong teeth and helped the lion out. Thanks to the little mouse, the lion was saved and finally admitted that the strong could sometimes be helped by the weak.
Look at the pictures and write the story from Aesop’s Fables. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
语法通 p.119 即学即用12
be made
is loved
is reported; will be built
were treated
was chosen
has been reached
was invented
will be given
had been placed
tastes
语态综合练习
1. More than two schools ________ in the city next year.
A. are built B. were built C. have built D. will be built
2. The watch I lost yesterday ________ in the desk.
A. has found B. found C. has been found D. is found
3. The washing machine _______by the engineer right now.
A. repaired B. is being repaired C. is repaired D. is going to be repaired
4. Shortly afterwards, I noticed to my satisfaction that their work _______.
A. has been improved B. is being improved
C. had been improved D. would be improved
5. The Anti-Japanese War _______in 1937.
A. was broken out B. broke out C. was breaking out D. had broken out
语态综合练习
7. All the farmers were made ______from morning till night by the landlord.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
8. As the time went on, his theory_______ to be true.
A. proved B. is proved C. is to prove D. was proved
9. The water will be seriously polluted unless some measures_________.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
10. He insisted on________ to work where conditions were poor.
A. sending B. being sent C. to send D. to be sent
11. I received a telegram______ :"Mother sick. "
A. is read B. read C. reading D. being read
12. The classroom______ 25 feet long.
A. was measured B. is measured C. measures D. has measured
语态综合练习
More expressways in Sichuan ________ (build) soon to promote the local economy.
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ (reach) so far by the two sides.
In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ (invent) yet.
He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______ (follow).
Your plan ________ (sound) great. But it should _________ (consider) carefully.
This cloth _______ well because it _______ (wash) easily and _______ (wear) well.
will be built
hadn’t been invented
has been reached
was being followed
sounds
be considered
sells
washes
wears
Vocabulary & listening
Proverbs about life
Activity 5
Listen and complete the conversations.
Activity 5
Listen and complete the conversations.
Better late than never.
No pain, no gain.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
Activity 5
Listen and complete the conversations.
All’s well that ends well.
Two heads are better than one.
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket.
Activity 6
Match the proverbs in Activity 5 to their meaning.
1 you must face challenges in order to be successful
2 it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else
3 doing something late is better than not doing it at all
4 you should start things earlier rather than later
5 do not put all your efforts or resources into doing one thing
6 problems don’t matter if the final result is good
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.（今日事，今日毕。）
Two heads are better than one. （人多智广。）
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket. （别在一棵树上吊死。）
Better late than never. （亡羊补牢，未为晚也。）
No pain, no gain.（一分耕耘，一分收获。）
All’s well that ends well. （结局好，样样好。）
Do you know the English version of the following proverbs
有志者，事竟成。
成由勤俭败由奢。
先苦后甜。
能言是银，沉默是金。
吃一堑，长一智。
学习不厌老，改过不嫌迟。
Where there is a ________, there is a ________.
From ________ comes ________.
No ________ without ________.
________ is silver; ________ is gold.
A fall into the ________, a gain in your ________.
Never too old to ________; never too late to ________.
will
way
saving
having
sweet
sweat
Speech
silence
pit
wit
learn
turn
Activity 7
Read the paragraph. Choose the proverb that can describe the situation.
Never too old to a learn; never too late to turn.
Activities 8 & 9
Listen to the plete the notes and choose the best headline.
1 University Fees Are No Barrier to Grandma!
2 Dream Comes True for Graduating Grandma
3 Janet Says “Family First! That’s what matters!”
4 How the Students Experience Has Changed with the Centuries
Activity 8
Listen to the interview and choose the best headline.
Interview with Janet Rose
Age: 1 _____.
First attended university in: 2 ______
Reason for leaving university:
3 _______________________.
Reason for going back to university:
4 _________________________________________________.
Initial feelings on returning to university:
5 _____________________________________
University major: 6 ________________
Feelings on graduation: 7 ___________
Advice to others: 8 _______________________
Future plans: 9 _____________________________
Activity 9
81
1955
To take care of her ill mother.
Her daughter suggested she go back to school five years ago and she jumped at the chance.
She felt a bit nervous at first and she felt so old.
American literature.
She feels great.
Starting a master’s degree in the fall.
You’re never too old to learn.
Listen to the interview and complete the notes.
Activity 10
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
I started … back in…
After that I …
But then five years ago, …
I felt … at first.
I suggest that …
Remember …
Talking about experiences
Giving advice
I started… back in…
After that I…
But then five years ago…
I felt… at first.
I suggest that…
Remember, …
Activity 11
Work in pairs. Tell each other a story about yourself that can be summarised by a proverb in this situation.