【金榜课件——知识建构篇】（教师用书）2014高考英语二轮（考情前瞻+典题自测+热点考向+易错点拨）第一部分 词法 第1讲 名词、冠词和主谓一致（全部以2013高考真题、模拟题为例，76张ppt）
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| 名称 | 【金榜课件——知识建构篇】（教师用书）2014高考英语二轮（考情前瞻+典题自测+热点考向+易错点拨）第一部分 词法 第1讲 名词、冠词和主谓一致（全部以2013高考真题、模拟题为例，76张ppt） |  | |
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课件76张PPT。第一部分 知识建构篇
一、词 法
第1讲 名词、冠词和主谓一致1. (2013·湖北高考)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority
C. participation D. privilege【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。A项“角度”; B项“优先考虑的事”; C项“参加”; D项“特权”。根据句意可知选A项。2. (2013·湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a between
us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere
easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison
C. connection D. barrier【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障, 它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层, 结果地球变得更暖和了。A项“不同, 差别”; B项“比较”; C项“联系”; D项“障碍”。根据句意可知选D项。3. (2013·江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
A. curiosity B. satisfaction
C. envy D. patience
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 无论我什么时候犯错误, 老师都耐心地把它们指出来。curiosity好奇; satisfaction满意; envy羡慕, 嫉妒; patience耐心。根据句意, 选D。4. (2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤, 但是并不严重。A项指各种伤害、危害。常构成do harm to结构; B项指伤口, 多指人体上的伤害; C项表示毁灭; D项多用于物品的损坏, 是可以修复的。故选D。5. (2013·天津高考)While she was in Paris, she developed
a for fine art.
A. way B. relation
C. taste D. habit
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 在巴黎时, 她对美术产生了兴趣。way方法, 道路; relation关系, 亲戚; taste味道, 品味, 爱好, 兴趣; habit习惯。根据句意选C。6. (2013·浙江高考)As the world’s population continues to grow, the of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply
C. package D. list
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 随着世界人口的持续增加, 食物供应越来越受到人们的关注。worth价值, 用途; supply供应; package包裹; list名单, 清单。故选B。7. (2013·江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
【解析】选C。考查名词的固定搭配。句意: 有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感, 美国饮食文化有望变得更好。take a turn for the better为固定短语, 意为“好转”。8. (2013·福建高考)The “Chinese Dream” is dream to improve people’s well-being and dream of harmony, peace and development.
A. the; a B. a; a
C. a; the D. the; the
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 中国梦是一个提高人民幸福的梦, 也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。两个空都表示泛指, 故都用a。9. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A. a; a B. the; the
C. 不填; the D. a; 不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 四个半小时的讨论让我们待到半夜, 中间休息时, 吃了一些奶酪和巧克力, 喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”, 英语用four and a half; break表示“中间休息”时, 常用单数形式, 在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。10. (2013·山东高考)It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across night sky.
A. 不填; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; 不填
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 这是一个寒冷的冬夜, 月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指, 这是一个寒冷的冬夜; 第二空sky为独一无二的事物, 用定冠词the, 所以选B。11. (2013·重庆高考)The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.
A. a; / B. the; /
C. the; an D. a; an
【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意: 父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”, 故使用定冠词the; “手术”为可数名词并且是泛指, 名词operation以元音音素开头, 故使用an。12. (2013·陕西高考)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth
century.
A. the; a B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; the
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 据说, 在13世纪马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。通常在江河湖海等名词前加定冠词the; 第二个空在序数词前, 表特指, 用定冠词the。故选D。13. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)India attained independence
in 1947, after long struggle.
A. 不填; a B. the; a
C. an; 不填 D. an; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 印度在长期抗争后, 于1947年获得独立。independence是不可数名词, 在其前面通常不加冠词; struggle表示“努力, 奋斗”时, 常用作可数名词, 在其单数名词形式前面加不定冠词表示数量“一”。14. (2013·浙江高考)People develop preference for a particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a; an B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; an
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱, 而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a, 因为have/develop a preference for. . . 为固定句型; 第二个空仍然用不定冠词, 因为此时age并不是特定的, 而是不定的。故选A。15. (2013·福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语, 谓语动词应和前面的名词一致, 故排除A、C两项。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事, 故用一般过去时, 由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系, 故选B。16. (2013·江苏高考)Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 一般说来, 学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的发展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原则, 除了with外, 还有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根据就前原则, 谓语动词的数应与inner motivation一致, 因此使用单数形式, 排除B项和D项。然后根据generally确定使用一般现在时, 因此答案为A。17. (2013·湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8, 450 a year, which a burden for some of them.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 这所大学估计一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是8 450美元, 这对其中的一些学生来说是一大负担。living expenses生活开销, 为复数名词, 故谓语动词用复数; $8, 450为金钱概念, 谓语动词用单数。热点考向 1 名词词义辨析
1. 主要考点: 高考命题对于名词的考查强调语言的语境应用, 借助于真实的语言环境测试学生的运用词汇的能力。2. 突破技巧:
(1)平时要注重对常见名词用法的积累, 了解其在各种语境下的应用, 确保在考试时能手到擒来。
(2)注意名词的熟词生义用法。在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时, 要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。?【真题变式】写出本句中point的含义。
(2011·江西高考)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
___________________________________________point本义是“点, 要点, 地点, 程度”, 引申义“意义”热点考向 2 抽象名词具体化?
表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词, 还可以表示具体的人或物, 可与不定冠词a(n)连用。常见的有: 【真题变式】分析句子, 写出comfort的用法。
(2012·山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a
comfort in those tough times.
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________comfort作“安慰、舒适”讲, 为不可数名词; 而在句中acomfort作“一件给人带来舒适的东西”讲, 为可数名词热点考向 3 名词的固定搭配?
1. 主要考点:
(1)考查某些特定的名词固定短语搭配在具体语境中的用法。
(2)常见的名词短语搭配:
have/gain access to 取得使用机会
take. . . into consideration 把……考虑在内
take advantage of 利用
make room for 为……腾出空间make contact with 与……取得联系
make a compromise 妥协, 折中; 做出让步
catch sight of 发现, 突然看见
beyond belief 难以置信的
in the distance 在远处
on condition that 以……为条件, 只要
out of question 毫无疑问
in possession of 拥有
on the whole 从整体而言, 总的来说2. 突破技巧: 在处理此类题目时, 一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。【真题变式】完成句子。
(2010·安徽高考)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl,
and _______________________________.
从Sara还是个小女孩时起, 我就没再见过她, 她现在已经变得
让人认不出了。she has changed beyond recognition热点考向 4 冠词的基本用法
1. 定冠词的常考用法:
(1)用于特指, 表示特定的人或物, 尤其是当说话人再次谈到第一次提到的某名词时, 此时要用the表示特指;
(2)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级前;
(3)用于姓氏复数前, 表示姓某姓的一家人或夫妇二人;
(4)用于年代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专用名词前; ? (5)用于表示江河、山脉、海洋、地球等独一无二的东西以及表示方位或发明物的名词前;
(6)用于形容词或分词前, 表示一类人或物;
(7)用在表示两个人或事物中比较……的一个;
(8)用在表示计量单位的名词前, 如by the day, by the dozen, by the hour, by the yard等;
(9)“动词+sb. +介词+the+身体部位名词”结构中的the不可用人称代词替换。2. 不定冠词的常考用法:
(1)用于单数可数名词前, 表示数量“一”; 在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a, an表示“一份, 一阵, 一场, 一类”等;
(2)用于抽象名词具体化的情况;
(3)a, an与比较级连用在否定句中表示最高级意义;
(4)用于序数词前, 表示“又一, 再一”;
(5)在专有名词前表示“某一个”, 相当于a certain;
(6)用于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构, 译为“一个非常……的……”。3. 零冠词的常考用法:
(1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词时不用冠词;
(2)表示四季、星期、月、节假日、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科名词、交通方式等名词前;
(3)表示头衔、职务的名词在充当句中同位语、表语和补足语时, 名词前不用冠词。 (4)as/though引导的让步状语从句中, 如果作表语的是名词置于名词前面, 通常单数名词前不用冠词。
(5)no与such连用修饰名词时, such之后的名词采用零冠词用法。【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。
①(2012·重庆高考)Sam has been appointed_____manager of the
engineering department to take ___place of George.
②(2012·安徽高考)Carl is studying_____food science at college
and hopes to open up __meat processing factory of his own one
day. 不填the不填a③(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)He missed ___gold in the high jump, but will
get __ second chance in the long jump.
④(2011·江西高考)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over
$60, 000 __year.
—Right, he will also get paid by ___week. theaathe热点考向 5 冠词的固定搭配?
1. 在下列短语中, 常用不定冠词a, an而不能用定冠词the, 也不能将其省略。常见的有:
a collection of have a gift for in a hurry
once in a while go on a diet offer/give sb. a lift
all of a sudden make a choice at a loss
a waste of time/money a matter of
come to an end have a bad coldhave a good/hard/pleasant time
have a knowledge of(知道, 精通, 了解)
(have)a deep/better understanding of2. 在一些习惯搭配中, 常用定冠词the, 且不能省略。常见的有:
make the best of in the end in the habit of
on the phone in the distance on the other hand
to tell the truth on the radio by the way
for the time being3. 在一些成对出现的短语和某些固定短语中名词前不用冠词。常见的有:
come to light at noon come to power
out of work out of order in danger
out of sight ahead of time in debt
under repair by mistake catch fire
day and night on second thoughts
come straight to point【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。
①(2012·江西高考)The Smiths don’t usually like staying at
_____hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very
nice hotel by ___sea.
②(2012·辽宁高考)I woke up with __bad headache, yet by
___evening the pain had gone. 不填theathe【命题小试】
请根据以下内容命制一道考查冠词的题目。 On seeing the gift they wanted, the kids screamed with delight.
【参考答案】On seeing gift they wanted, the kids
screamed with delight. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a【解析】选C。第一个空中提到的gift为特指, 故要用定冠词the; 而第二空后的名词delight为抽象名词, 其前通常不用冠词。热点考向 6 主谓一致?
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2. 当单数名词由every, each, any, no, many a, more than one等来修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 由or, nor, either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also连接并列主语时, 通常根据就近原则, 谓语动词的单复数要与靠近主语的名词在数上保持一致。4. 在with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, but, except等结构前后引导并列主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些介词短语之前的名词或代词的数的形式。
5. “分数/百分数+of +名词/the rest of”作主语, 谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于of之后的名词。
6. a number of, a variety of, a group of修饰可数名词, 谓语动词用复数; the number of, the variety of接名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。7. a quantity of, an amount of后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数; quantities of, amounts of之后接不可数名词, 谓语动词一般用复数形式。
8. whoever引导的名词性从句及anyone之后who引导的定语从句的谓语动词, the(only)one of+复数名词之后的定语从句谓语动词等要用单数形式。【真题变式】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①(2012·天津高考)The letters for the boss ________(put)on his
desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
②(2012·湖南高考)All the scientific evidence ______(show)that
increasing use of chemicals in farming __(be)damaging our
health.
③(2011·湖南高考)One-third of the country __(be)covered
with trees and the majority of the citizens ___(be)black people. were putshowsisisare④(2011·安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw
materials, the rest of which _____(be)saved for other purposes.
⑤(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the
only one of the women who _____(wear)evening dress. werewears易错点 1 不了解名词的熟词生义
(母题)(2012·福建高考)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent
C. ability D. skill?【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: ——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作? ——噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。strength长处; talent才华, 天赋; ability能力; skill技能。 (变式)—Why did you choose him to work in your travel agency?
—Well, you know, his is the envy of our colleagues.
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: ——你为什么选择他在你的旅行社工作? ——噢, 你知道, 我们的同事都羡慕他的才能。talent在句子中意为“才能”, 与语境相符。【误区点拨】常用名词的熟义和生义易错点 2 抽象名词前误用冠词?
(母题)(2010·福建高考)It’s good feeling for people to
admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填; a B. a; 不填 C. the; a D. a; the
【解析】选B。句意: 对于人们来说, 欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世
博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作
可数名词; pleasure“愉快, 高兴”, 通常用作不可数名词。 (变式)For some women, shopping is not only an essential part of their life, but also pleasure they can have.
A. a B. the C. 不填 D. one
【解析】选A。句意: 对于一些女性而言, 购物不仅是她们生活中不可缺少的部分, 同时也是她们可以分享的一份快乐。句中的pleasure为抽象名词具体化用法, 意思为“让人感到快乐的事”。【误区点拨】
①零冠词+抽象名词=抽象概念
②不定冠词+抽象名词=具体概念易错点 3 与比较级和最高级连用时误选冠词?
(母题)I found it most challenging task I had undertaken, as I had never experienced more difficult situation.
A. the; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; an
【解析】选A。句意: 我发现这是我所从事过的最具挑战性的任务, 因为我从来就没有经历过更艰难的情况。第一个空为形容词的最高级, 要用the; 而在第二句中否定式与形容词的比较级连用, 要用不定冠词, 构成“a(n)+形容词的比较级+名词”的结构形式。 (变式)Although it was most challenging task, I would do whatever I could to achieve goal we have set.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. /; a
【解析】选C。句意: 尽管这是一个非常具有挑战性的任务, 然而我会尽一切努力来实现我们确定的目标。第一个空之后的most challenging表示“非常具有挑战性的”, 此处most相当于very, 故要用不定冠词a; 而句中的goal之前加定冠词the表示特指。【误区点拨】
①不定冠词a(n)+形容词最高级=非常……的;
②定冠词the+形容词最高级=最……的;
③否定式+a(n)+形容词比较级=从来就没有过更……的某人或物。(表示最高级的含义)易错点 4 误用零冠词?
(母题)(2011·浙江高考)Experts think that recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 专家认为, 最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的一幅作品。根据句意可以知道, 第一个空格应该是特指的, 所以用the; 第二个空格为毕加索的一幅作品, 表示“一个”, 所以用a。 (变式)We have Zhu Jun in our office. Of course not
Zhu Jun who hosts programs on CCTV.
A. a; the B. the; a C. an; the D. a; /
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 我们办公室里有一个叫朱军的, 但当然不是在中央电视台主持节目的那个朱军。一般情况下, 在人名前不加冠词, 但是在表示姓某姓或名叫什么的一个人时, 要加不定冠词, 而表示特指的姓某姓的或名叫什么的人, 则要用定冠词the。【误区点拨】
a(n)+某人的姓名=姓某姓的一个人或其物品
the+某人的姓名=特指姓某姓的或叫什么的人1. (2013·合肥模拟)Today, it’s difficult to find a job, so a High School is not at all a guarantee of employment.
A. identity B. diploma
C. document D. accommodation
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 今天很难找到一份工作, 因此一个高中毕业证根本不能保证找到工作。identity身份; diploma毕业文凭; document文件; accommodation住处; 根据句意选B。2. (2013·南京模拟)Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach
a between parents’ expectations and their kids’ desires.
A. commitment
B. comprehension
C. cooperation
D. compromise
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 有时要在父母的期望和孩子的意愿之间达成妥协有点挑战性。reach a compromise为名词短语搭配, 意为“达成妥协”, 符合句意。3. (2013·苏州模拟)As expected, the boy who shows great
in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport
university for his talent.
A. requirement B. respect
C. addition D. promise
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 正如预料的那样, 这个在打羽毛球方面大有前途的男孩因为其才能已经被体育大学录取了。show great promise大有希望, 大有前途, 符合题意。4. Problems with childcare remain the biggest to women succeeding at work.
A. strength B. barrier
C. desire D. comfort
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 照看孩子的问题依然是事业成功的女性的最大障碍。strength体力, 长处; barrier障碍; desire欲望, 要求; 渴望; comfort安慰。5. (2013·安徽高考压轴题)Rosy came in for coffee and told me firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.
A. a; the B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. a; 不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: Rosy进来喝了一杯咖啡。告诉我昨天晚上外面的爆竹让她一夜没有睡觉。第一空不可数名词coffee前面加上数词, 表示数量; a coffee=a cup of coffee一杯咖啡; 第二空用the特指外面的firecrackers; 故A正确。6. If you keep on writing, you will have brighter future, likely to become J. K. Rowling.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
【解析】选C。考查冠词用法。句意: 如果你继续写作, 你就会有更光明的前途, 有可能成为像J. K. Rowling一样的人。有更光明的前途, 要在brighter future之前加a; 一个像J. K. Rowling一样的人物, 通常在人的姓名之前加a表示一个……的人。故本题正确选项为C。7. (2013·杭州模拟)In the past three decades, significant advance has been made in modern agriculture.
A. a; 不填 B. the; a
C. 不填; the D. a; a【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 在过去的三十年中, 在现代农业方面已经取得了显著的进步。advance表示“进步, 进展”之意时为可数名词, 故要在句子的主语前加不定冠词a; 而“现代农业”为专用名词, 其前不用冠词, 即零冠词用法, 故正确答案为A。8. (2013·东北四校模拟)—How do you find birthday party of the Blairs?
—I should say it was complete failure.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /
【解析】选B。考查冠词用法。句意: ——你觉得布莱尔夫妇的生日晚会怎么样? ——我不得不说这是一个完全失败的晚会。句中的birthday party为特指, 故要用定冠词the, 而第二个空中为抽象名词具体化的用法, 其前加不定冠词, 表示一个完全失败的事。9. (2013·永州模拟)Joe, along with his friends bound to find nobody there, for the rest gone for their lunch.
A. is; have B. is; has
C. are; have D. are; has
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 乔连同他的朋友注定在那里找不到人, 因为其他的人都去吃午饭了。along with引导并列主语时, 句子谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致, 故要用单数is; the rest指其余的人或物, 根据句子的逻辑意义, 本句中的the rest指的是其余的人, 要用复数形式。10. A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government to promote change in the economic environment in this area.
A. are expecting B. are expected
C. is expecting D. is expected
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 由政府所采取的一系列的刺激政策和支持措施有望会促进这一地区经济环境的转变。be expected to do sth. 为动词短语, 意为“有望做某事, 预计做某事”。分析句子结构, 句子的主语为A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures, 复数概念, 故正确选项为B。
一、词 法
第1讲 名词、冠词和主谓一致1. (2013·湖北高考)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority
C. participation D. privilege【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。A项“角度”; B项“优先考虑的事”; C项“参加”; D项“特权”。根据句意可知选A项。2. (2013·湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a between
us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere
easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison
C. connection D. barrier【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障, 它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层, 结果地球变得更暖和了。A项“不同, 差别”; B项“比较”; C项“联系”; D项“障碍”。根据句意可知选D项。3. (2013·江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
A. curiosity B. satisfaction
C. envy D. patience
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 无论我什么时候犯错误, 老师都耐心地把它们指出来。curiosity好奇; satisfaction满意; envy羡慕, 嫉妒; patience耐心。根据句意, 选D。4. (2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤, 但是并不严重。A项指各种伤害、危害。常构成do harm to结构; B项指伤口, 多指人体上的伤害; C项表示毁灭; D项多用于物品的损坏, 是可以修复的。故选D。5. (2013·天津高考)While she was in Paris, she developed
a for fine art.
A. way B. relation
C. taste D. habit
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 在巴黎时, 她对美术产生了兴趣。way方法, 道路; relation关系, 亲戚; taste味道, 品味, 爱好, 兴趣; habit习惯。根据句意选C。6. (2013·浙江高考)As the world’s population continues to grow, the of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply
C. package D. list
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 随着世界人口的持续增加, 食物供应越来越受到人们的关注。worth价值, 用途; supply供应; package包裹; list名单, 清单。故选B。7. (2013·江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
【解析】选C。考查名词的固定搭配。句意: 有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感, 美国饮食文化有望变得更好。take a turn for the better为固定短语, 意为“好转”。8. (2013·福建高考)The “Chinese Dream” is dream to improve people’s well-being and dream of harmony, peace and development.
A. the; a B. a; a
C. a; the D. the; the
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 中国梦是一个提高人民幸福的梦, 也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。两个空都表示泛指, 故都用a。9. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A. a; a B. the; the
C. 不填; the D. a; 不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 四个半小时的讨论让我们待到半夜, 中间休息时, 吃了一些奶酪和巧克力, 喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”, 英语用four and a half; break表示“中间休息”时, 常用单数形式, 在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。10. (2013·山东高考)It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across night sky.
A. 不填; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; 不填
【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 这是一个寒冷的冬夜, 月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指, 这是一个寒冷的冬夜; 第二空sky为独一无二的事物, 用定冠词the, 所以选B。11. (2013·重庆高考)The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.
A. a; / B. the; /
C. the; an D. a; an
【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意: 父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”, 故使用定冠词the; “手术”为可数名词并且是泛指, 名词operation以元音音素开头, 故使用an。12. (2013·陕西高考)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth
century.
A. the; a B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; the
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 据说, 在13世纪马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。通常在江河湖海等名词前加定冠词the; 第二个空在序数词前, 表特指, 用定冠词the。故选D。13. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)India attained independence
in 1947, after long struggle.
A. 不填; a B. the; a
C. an; 不填 D. an; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 印度在长期抗争后, 于1947年获得独立。independence是不可数名词, 在其前面通常不加冠词; struggle表示“努力, 奋斗”时, 常用作可数名词, 在其单数名词形式前面加不定冠词表示数量“一”。14. (2013·浙江高考)People develop preference for a particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a; an B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; an
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱, 而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a, 因为have/develop a preference for. . . 为固定句型; 第二个空仍然用不定冠词, 因为此时age并不是特定的, 而是不定的。故选A。15. (2013·福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语, 谓语动词应和前面的名词一致, 故排除A、C两项。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事, 故用一般过去时, 由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系, 故选B。16. (2013·江苏高考)Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 一般说来, 学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的发展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原则, 除了with外, 还有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根据就前原则, 谓语动词的数应与inner motivation一致, 因此使用单数形式, 排除B项和D项。然后根据generally确定使用一般现在时, 因此答案为A。17. (2013·湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8, 450 a year, which a burden for some of them.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 这所大学估计一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是8 450美元, 这对其中的一些学生来说是一大负担。living expenses生活开销, 为复数名词, 故谓语动词用复数; $8, 450为金钱概念, 谓语动词用单数。热点考向 1 名词词义辨析
1. 主要考点: 高考命题对于名词的考查强调语言的语境应用, 借助于真实的语言环境测试学生的运用词汇的能力。2. 突破技巧:
(1)平时要注重对常见名词用法的积累, 了解其在各种语境下的应用, 确保在考试时能手到擒来。
(2)注意名词的熟词生义用法。在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时, 要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。?【真题变式】写出本句中point的含义。
(2011·江西高考)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
___________________________________________point本义是“点, 要点, 地点, 程度”, 引申义“意义”热点考向 2 抽象名词具体化?
表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词, 还可以表示具体的人或物, 可与不定冠词a(n)连用。常见的有: 【真题变式】分析句子, 写出comfort的用法。
(2012·山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a
comfort in those tough times.
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________comfort作“安慰、舒适”讲, 为不可数名词; 而在句中acomfort作“一件给人带来舒适的东西”讲, 为可数名词热点考向 3 名词的固定搭配?
1. 主要考点:
(1)考查某些特定的名词固定短语搭配在具体语境中的用法。
(2)常见的名词短语搭配:
have/gain access to 取得使用机会
take. . . into consideration 把……考虑在内
take advantage of 利用
make room for 为……腾出空间make contact with 与……取得联系
make a compromise 妥协, 折中; 做出让步
catch sight of 发现, 突然看见
beyond belief 难以置信的
in the distance 在远处
on condition that 以……为条件, 只要
out of question 毫无疑问
in possession of 拥有
on the whole 从整体而言, 总的来说2. 突破技巧: 在处理此类题目时, 一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。【真题变式】完成句子。
(2010·安徽高考)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl,
and _______________________________.
从Sara还是个小女孩时起, 我就没再见过她, 她现在已经变得
让人认不出了。she has changed beyond recognition热点考向 4 冠词的基本用法
1. 定冠词的常考用法:
(1)用于特指, 表示特定的人或物, 尤其是当说话人再次谈到第一次提到的某名词时, 此时要用the表示特指;
(2)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级前;
(3)用于姓氏复数前, 表示姓某姓的一家人或夫妇二人;
(4)用于年代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专用名词前; ? (5)用于表示江河、山脉、海洋、地球等独一无二的东西以及表示方位或发明物的名词前;
(6)用于形容词或分词前, 表示一类人或物;
(7)用在表示两个人或事物中比较……的一个;
(8)用在表示计量单位的名词前, 如by the day, by the dozen, by the hour, by the yard等;
(9)“动词+sb. +介词+the+身体部位名词”结构中的the不可用人称代词替换。2. 不定冠词的常考用法:
(1)用于单数可数名词前, 表示数量“一”; 在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a, an表示“一份, 一阵, 一场, 一类”等;
(2)用于抽象名词具体化的情况;
(3)a, an与比较级连用在否定句中表示最高级意义;
(4)用于序数词前, 表示“又一, 再一”;
(5)在专有名词前表示“某一个”, 相当于a certain;
(6)用于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构, 译为“一个非常……的……”。3. 零冠词的常考用法:
(1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词时不用冠词;
(2)表示四季、星期、月、节假日、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科名词、交通方式等名词前;
(3)表示头衔、职务的名词在充当句中同位语、表语和补足语时, 名词前不用冠词。 (4)as/though引导的让步状语从句中, 如果作表语的是名词置于名词前面, 通常单数名词前不用冠词。
(5)no与such连用修饰名词时, such之后的名词采用零冠词用法。【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。
①(2012·重庆高考)Sam has been appointed_____manager of the
engineering department to take ___place of George.
②(2012·安徽高考)Carl is studying_____food science at college
and hopes to open up __meat processing factory of his own one
day. 不填the不填a③(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)He missed ___gold in the high jump, but will
get __ second chance in the long jump.
④(2011·江西高考)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over
$60, 000 __year.
—Right, he will also get paid by ___week. theaathe热点考向 5 冠词的固定搭配?
1. 在下列短语中, 常用不定冠词a, an而不能用定冠词the, 也不能将其省略。常见的有:
a collection of have a gift for in a hurry
once in a while go on a diet offer/give sb. a lift
all of a sudden make a choice at a loss
a waste of time/money a matter of
come to an end have a bad coldhave a good/hard/pleasant time
have a knowledge of(知道, 精通, 了解)
(have)a deep/better understanding of2. 在一些习惯搭配中, 常用定冠词the, 且不能省略。常见的有:
make the best of in the end in the habit of
on the phone in the distance on the other hand
to tell the truth on the radio by the way
for the time being3. 在一些成对出现的短语和某些固定短语中名词前不用冠词。常见的有:
come to light at noon come to power
out of work out of order in danger
out of sight ahead of time in debt
under repair by mistake catch fire
day and night on second thoughts
come straight to point【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。
①(2012·江西高考)The Smiths don’t usually like staying at
_____hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very
nice hotel by ___sea.
②(2012·辽宁高考)I woke up with __bad headache, yet by
___evening the pain had gone. 不填theathe【命题小试】
请根据以下内容命制一道考查冠词的题目。 On seeing the gift they wanted, the kids screamed with delight.
【参考答案】On seeing gift they wanted, the kids
screamed with delight. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a【解析】选C。第一个空中提到的gift为特指, 故要用定冠词the; 而第二空后的名词delight为抽象名词, 其前通常不用冠词。热点考向 6 主谓一致?
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2. 当单数名词由every, each, any, no, many a, more than one等来修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 由or, nor, either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also连接并列主语时, 通常根据就近原则, 谓语动词的单复数要与靠近主语的名词在数上保持一致。4. 在with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, but, except等结构前后引导并列主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些介词短语之前的名词或代词的数的形式。
5. “分数/百分数+of +名词/the rest of”作主语, 谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于of之后的名词。
6. a number of, a variety of, a group of修饰可数名词, 谓语动词用复数; the number of, the variety of接名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。7. a quantity of, an amount of后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数; quantities of, amounts of之后接不可数名词, 谓语动词一般用复数形式。
8. whoever引导的名词性从句及anyone之后who引导的定语从句的谓语动词, the(only)one of+复数名词之后的定语从句谓语动词等要用单数形式。【真题变式】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①(2012·天津高考)The letters for the boss ________(put)on his
desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
②(2012·湖南高考)All the scientific evidence ______(show)that
increasing use of chemicals in farming __(be)damaging our
health.
③(2011·湖南高考)One-third of the country __(be)covered
with trees and the majority of the citizens ___(be)black people. were putshowsisisare④(2011·安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw
materials, the rest of which _____(be)saved for other purposes.
⑤(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the
only one of the women who _____(wear)evening dress. werewears易错点 1 不了解名词的熟词生义
(母题)(2012·福建高考)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent
C. ability D. skill?【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: ——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作? ——噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。strength长处; talent才华, 天赋; ability能力; skill技能。 (变式)—Why did you choose him to work in your travel agency?
—Well, you know, his is the envy of our colleagues.
A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: ——你为什么选择他在你的旅行社工作? ——噢, 你知道, 我们的同事都羡慕他的才能。talent在句子中意为“才能”, 与语境相符。【误区点拨】常用名词的熟义和生义易错点 2 抽象名词前误用冠词?
(母题)(2010·福建高考)It’s good feeling for people to
admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填; a B. a; 不填 C. the; a D. a; the
【解析】选B。句意: 对于人们来说, 欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世
博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作
可数名词; pleasure“愉快, 高兴”, 通常用作不可数名词。 (变式)For some women, shopping is not only an essential part of their life, but also pleasure they can have.
A. a B. the C. 不填 D. one
【解析】选A。句意: 对于一些女性而言, 购物不仅是她们生活中不可缺少的部分, 同时也是她们可以分享的一份快乐。句中的pleasure为抽象名词具体化用法, 意思为“让人感到快乐的事”。【误区点拨】
①零冠词+抽象名词=抽象概念
②不定冠词+抽象名词=具体概念易错点 3 与比较级和最高级连用时误选冠词?
(母题)I found it most challenging task I had undertaken, as I had never experienced more difficult situation.
A. the; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; an
【解析】选A。句意: 我发现这是我所从事过的最具挑战性的任务, 因为我从来就没有经历过更艰难的情况。第一个空为形容词的最高级, 要用the; 而在第二句中否定式与形容词的比较级连用, 要用不定冠词, 构成“a(n)+形容词的比较级+名词”的结构形式。 (变式)Although it was most challenging task, I would do whatever I could to achieve goal we have set.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. /; a
【解析】选C。句意: 尽管这是一个非常具有挑战性的任务, 然而我会尽一切努力来实现我们确定的目标。第一个空之后的most challenging表示“非常具有挑战性的”, 此处most相当于very, 故要用不定冠词a; 而句中的goal之前加定冠词the表示特指。【误区点拨】
①不定冠词a(n)+形容词最高级=非常……的;
②定冠词the+形容词最高级=最……的;
③否定式+a(n)+形容词比较级=从来就没有过更……的某人或物。(表示最高级的含义)易错点 4 误用零冠词?
(母题)(2011·浙江高考)Experts think that recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 专家认为, 最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的一幅作品。根据句意可以知道, 第一个空格应该是特指的, 所以用the; 第二个空格为毕加索的一幅作品, 表示“一个”, 所以用a。 (变式)We have Zhu Jun in our office. Of course not
Zhu Jun who hosts programs on CCTV.
A. a; the B. the; a C. an; the D. a; /
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 我们办公室里有一个叫朱军的, 但当然不是在中央电视台主持节目的那个朱军。一般情况下, 在人名前不加冠词, 但是在表示姓某姓或名叫什么的一个人时, 要加不定冠词, 而表示特指的姓某姓的或名叫什么的人, 则要用定冠词the。【误区点拨】
a(n)+某人的姓名=姓某姓的一个人或其物品
the+某人的姓名=特指姓某姓的或叫什么的人1. (2013·合肥模拟)Today, it’s difficult to find a job, so a High School is not at all a guarantee of employment.
A. identity B. diploma
C. document D. accommodation
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 今天很难找到一份工作, 因此一个高中毕业证根本不能保证找到工作。identity身份; diploma毕业文凭; document文件; accommodation住处; 根据句意选B。2. (2013·南京模拟)Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach
a between parents’ expectations and their kids’ desires.
A. commitment
B. comprehension
C. cooperation
D. compromise
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 有时要在父母的期望和孩子的意愿之间达成妥协有点挑战性。reach a compromise为名词短语搭配, 意为“达成妥协”, 符合句意。3. (2013·苏州模拟)As expected, the boy who shows great
in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport
university for his talent.
A. requirement B. respect
C. addition D. promise
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 正如预料的那样, 这个在打羽毛球方面大有前途的男孩因为其才能已经被体育大学录取了。show great promise大有希望, 大有前途, 符合题意。4. Problems with childcare remain the biggest to women succeeding at work.
A. strength B. barrier
C. desire D. comfort
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 照看孩子的问题依然是事业成功的女性的最大障碍。strength体力, 长处; barrier障碍; desire欲望, 要求; 渴望; comfort安慰。5. (2013·安徽高考压轴题)Rosy came in for coffee and told me firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.
A. a; the B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. a; 不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: Rosy进来喝了一杯咖啡。告诉我昨天晚上外面的爆竹让她一夜没有睡觉。第一空不可数名词coffee前面加上数词, 表示数量; a coffee=a cup of coffee一杯咖啡; 第二空用the特指外面的firecrackers; 故A正确。6. If you keep on writing, you will have brighter future, likely to become J. K. Rowling.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
【解析】选C。考查冠词用法。句意: 如果你继续写作, 你就会有更光明的前途, 有可能成为像J. K. Rowling一样的人。有更光明的前途, 要在brighter future之前加a; 一个像J. K. Rowling一样的人物, 通常在人的姓名之前加a表示一个……的人。故本题正确选项为C。7. (2013·杭州模拟)In the past three decades, significant advance has been made in modern agriculture.
A. a; 不填 B. the; a
C. 不填; the D. a; a【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 在过去的三十年中, 在现代农业方面已经取得了显著的进步。advance表示“进步, 进展”之意时为可数名词, 故要在句子的主语前加不定冠词a; 而“现代农业”为专用名词, 其前不用冠词, 即零冠词用法, 故正确答案为A。8. (2013·东北四校模拟)—How do you find birthday party of the Blairs?
—I should say it was complete failure.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /
【解析】选B。考查冠词用法。句意: ——你觉得布莱尔夫妇的生日晚会怎么样? ——我不得不说这是一个完全失败的晚会。句中的birthday party为特指, 故要用定冠词the, 而第二个空中为抽象名词具体化的用法, 其前加不定冠词, 表示一个完全失败的事。9. (2013·永州模拟)Joe, along with his friends bound to find nobody there, for the rest gone for their lunch.
A. is; have B. is; has
C. are; have D. are; has
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 乔连同他的朋友注定在那里找不到人, 因为其他的人都去吃午饭了。along with引导并列主语时, 句子谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致, 故要用单数is; the rest指其余的人或物, 根据句子的逻辑意义, 本句中的the rest指的是其余的人, 要用复数形式。10. A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government to promote change in the economic environment in this area.
A. are expecting B. are expected
C. is expecting D. is expected
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 由政府所采取的一系列的刺激政策和支持措施有望会促进这一地区经济环境的转变。be expected to do sth. 为动词短语, 意为“有望做某事, 预计做某事”。分析句子结构, 句子的主语为A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures, 复数概念, 故正确选项为B。