2022届高三英语二轮语法复习定语从句关系代词讲解课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
定语从句—关系代词
Zoe
定语
形容词
名词
介词短语
1.什么定语？
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
定语：“定”语相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，常译为“的”
什么可以做定语
I know the boy.
The boy is sitting on the desk.
I know the boy
who is sitting on the desk
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
2. 什么定语从句？
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
+
+
指代先行词
连接主句和从句
在从句中充当成分
定语从句的构成
关系代词 先行词 在句子所做的成分
主语、宾语、表语
物
人 主语、宾语
人
人、物
人、物
主语、宾语
宾语
定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
定语从句的关系代词
which 的用法
1. which 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语,指物。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish which we bought were not fresh.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
主语；指物
宾语；指物
介词宾语；指物
which作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，也可以放在从句中动词之后
3. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
作主语；指物
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
作宾语；指物
Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.
作主语；指人
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
作宾语；指人
that 的用法
2. who在从句中作主语和宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语；都指人。
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
主语；指人
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
主语；指人
The person (whom / who) you just talked to is Mr Li.
宾语；指人
Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.
宾语；指人
在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用which
who 的用法
4. whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，可与
of which (whom) the ... 互换。
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
of whom the
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
of whom the
This is the book whose cover is blue.
of which the
whose 的用法
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose















The usage of the relative pronouns
Learn more about relative pronouns
Note: that 和 which 在指物的情况下一般可以互换，但在下列情况中，一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用which：
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,
much 等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
Summary
All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.
There isn’t much (that) I can do.
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.
下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用which：
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
5. 先行词既有人又有物的时候，只能用that。
Summary
This is the very book that I want to read.
This is the same book that I want to read.
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.
下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用which：
Summary
6. 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.
Who is the man that is standing there
Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this
小试牛刀：
1)Anything ____ can burn is a source of heat energy.
2)This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3)They talked about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.
4)Which is the book _______ you lost
5)This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
6)Please get ready for everything ____ we need.
7)This is the watch_________ I lost yesterday.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that/which
1. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
2. 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that
1）先行词是one，the one, ones , anyone , those等代词
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
2） There be 句型中
There are many people who are against the plan.
但在下列情况下, 指人一般用who而不用that
1.The person _____ came here yesterday is a musician.
A.what B.who C.which D.whom
B
2.This is the girl _____ painting has been highly praised.
A.who B.whom C.which D. whose
D
3.Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement _____ took courage.
A.what B.who C.which D.where
C
4.The boy _____ you met at the party came here again this morning.
A.whom B.which C.where D.when
A
1. as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
它常用在 the same…as，such…as 等结构中，as不能省略。
Such reasons _____we give can persuade him to give up his foolish
plan.
I'll buy the same dictionary__________ you have.
关系代词as引导的定语从句
as
as
2. as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，从句
可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
（1）As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can’t persuade her to change her mind.
（2） My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, ____ is often the case with old people
as
as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know
as is well known
as you see
as we expect
as often happens
as I can remember
as has been said before
as can be seen
as is often the case
众所周知
众所周知
如你所见
正如我们预料的那样
正如经常发生的那样
正如我所记得的
如前所述
正如所见
这是常有的事
Bye-bye!