2022—2023 学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷（全国卷）
英 语 答 题 卡
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
第一部分：听力
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第二部分：阅读理解
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第三部分：语言知识运用（第一节）
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第Ⅱ卷 非选择题
第三部分：语言知识运用（第二节）
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！
第四部分：写作
第一节 短文改错
I was sent to a boarding school when I was at my senior high school. The roommates were always friendly but easy-going. One night when I entered the dorm, the light sudden went out. One of my roommates stand in front of me with a birthday cake at his hands. The room was lit by the candles on cake. I heard my roommates to sing a birthday song for me. After turn on the light, I saw that the whole room were decorated with beautiful coloured strings. And I received several nice gift. This was the most unforgettable surprise party what I had ever experienced. And I would cherish the friendship forever.
第二节 书面表达
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！
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注 意 事 项
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名，准考证号填写清楚，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号，在规定位置贴好条形码。
2.选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；填空题和解答题必须用0.5mm黑色签字笔答题，不得用铅笔或圆珠笔答题；字体工整、笔迹清晰。
3.请按题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破。
姓 名
贴 条 形 码 区
考生 缺考考生，监考员用2B
禁填 铅笔填涂左面的缺考标记
填涂样例 正确填涂
61. ________________________________ 62. ________________________________
63. ________________________________ 64. ________________________________
65. ________________________________ 66. ________________________________
67. ________________________________ 68. ________________________________
69. ________________________________ 70. ________________________________2022—2023 学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷（全国卷）
英语试题
（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do
A. Stay with Alan. B. Relax at home. C. Send Alan to school.
2. How will Jack go to New York
A. By bus. B. By plane. C. By train.
3. How many students does the woman expect in total
A. 10. B. 13. C. 15.
4. What does the man think of the music
A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Boring.
5. What does the woman mean
A. People won’t listen to the doctors.
B. Doctors have different lifestyles.
C. It’s great to attend the lecture.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a supermarket. B. In the kitchen. C. Over the phone.
7. What will the man look for next
A. Milk. B. Carrots. C. Yogurt.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Why does the woman congratulate the man
A. He moved house. B. He got a new job. C. He became a father.
9. What’s the relationship between Mike and the woman
A. Good friends. B. A couple. C. Fellow workers.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. Why won’t the man play tennis with the woman
A. He isn’t good at it. B. He can’t get up early. C. He likes volleyball better.
11. What’s the man’s hobby
A. Playing ball games. B. Watching matches. C. Feeding birds.
12. How old is the man
A. Almost 40. B. Almost 50. C. Almost 60.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. Why does Mike look tired
A. He just took two exams.
B. He studied for a whole night.
C. He got up too early this morning.
14. How does Mike feel about his grade of the chemistry test
A. Unsatisfied. B. Encouraged. C. Surprised.
15. What course does Mike prefer to take
A. The one on how to do research online.
B. The one on writing term papers.
C. The one on test-taking skills.
16. What will Mike do next
A. Have a rest.
B. Talk to a professor.
C. Go to the Study Skills Center.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What could Dan Friedell be
A. An official. B. A reporter. C. A keeper of the clock.
18. When will the bell stop ringing
A. Since January 1st. B. Since August 21st. C. Since November 12th.
19. What can we know from Steve Jaggs
A. The repair project will cost about $40 million.
B. The last time the bell stopped was in 2007.
C. The clock will continue to tell the time silently.
20. How did Joana react to the news
A. She made a proposal. B. She made a complaint. C. She made no comments.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Coach your favourite sports to poor children in schools. Help these children to get a structured sporting education and see their joy as they pick up new skills. If that’s not enough sport for you, you can even get involved in playing with local teams in your evenings and at weekends.
Description
As a volunteer sports coach, you and your group will head to 3 schools each day to coach your chosen sport or a variety of them. Sports coaching volunteering involves not just teaching the kids, but also acting as a good role model. Children are aged about 10–13 and are often new to playing sport in a structured environment. You don’t need to be a top player to take part (though any champions are welcome!) — it’s your patience and drive that will make the biggest effects.
Which sports to coach
Sports coaching volunteers can choose to specialize in coaching just one sport, but often we find that it is best to combine several sports for more variety. The freedom to choose between different sports makes the weeks even more diverse. Follow the links to find out more about each sport.
Accommodation
·The accommodation is located in a leafy suburb 10 minutes’ drive from the city centre and the seafront.
·Sports volunteers share accommodation with childcare and teaching volunteers.
Food
All dietary requirements can be catered for, as long as we know about them in advance. Coaching children in sport will make you hungry — many volunteers choose to supplement (补充) their meals with snacks bought in the local shops, just 10 minutes’ walk away. There is a volunteer kitchen where participants can do any cooking they wish outside of mealtimes.
Want to go travelling afterwards
We can arrange a week-long Garden Route tour after your time on the project. Follow the link to find out more about the Garden Route Tour.
21. What can a volunteer do in the evenings if he wants to do more sports
A. Drive to the supermarket. B. Pay a visit to 3 schools.
C. Match with local teams. D. Have a Garden Route tour.
22. Which is the most important as sports coaching volunteers
A. Being a top player. B. Being skilled in various sports.
C. Being able to cook well. D. Being motivated and patient.
23. Where is the text probably from
A. A web page. B. A news magazine.
C. A travel guide. D. An education paper.
B
Instead of escaping the summer heat in air-conditioning indoors, Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Picking melons, weighing them, observing their growth, tasting, recording and taking pictures, the 31-year-old Turkish man runs his tests on up to 50 kinds of melons every day. “I love working in the field. Melons are favored in Turkey in the hot summers and my job here is to choose the best kinds for Turkish customers,” he said.
Influenced by his father who used to do business in China, Ozgener majored in Chinese at university and therefore expected a journey to China one day. The young man visited China for the first time as an exchange student in Beijing. Two years later, Ozgener applied for a master’s degree in tourism management at China’s Sun Yat-sen University. Since then, he’s traveled around the country to learn about the colorful Chinese culture and enjoy different dishes. “The more I learn about China, the more I want to stay here,” said Ozgener. He worked as a translator in Ningxia after graduation.
The company Ozgener works for now is a scientific and technological enterprise engaged in vegetable planting, production, promotion, import and export. It has bred over 70 new varieties of seeds and exported seeds to 27 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, including the Middle East.
Before the outbreak of COVID-19, Ozgener would spend two months in Hainan and another four months in Ningxia to help foreign clients select seeds. Then he would go back to Turkey. But due to the epidemic (流行病), he has stayed in Ningxia for more than a year, observing and selecting target seeds in the field every day.
“I used to do translation work only, but now I’m also responsible for all the stuff related to the seeds. It’s tiring but rewarding, because I can learn a lot. I will continue to pursue my dream here,” said Ozgener.
24. Why does Ozgener work in the melon field in Ningxia
A. He likes the hot weather there. B. He prefers eating melons there.
C. He loves working in the field there. D. His father wants him to work there.
25. What do we know about Ozgener
A. He learned Chinese in Beijing as an exchange student.
B. He worked in the field in Hainan after graduation.
C. He traveled around China the first time he came there.
D. He had a greater interest in China as time went by.
26. What kind of person is Ozgener
A. Hard-working and determined. B. Energetic and patient.
C. Kind and devoted. D. Ambitious and confident.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A man’s wonderful journey to China.
B. Planting and selling melons in Turkey.
C. A tiring job in the field in a hot summer.
D. Going after a dream of planting seeds in Ningxia.
C
Now, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois State University, demonstrates that such constructed gardens can have a measurable and positive impact on water quality.
Floating gardens are essentially platforms built and wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in with native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water. On the North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and its partners are developing a mile-long floating eco-park called the Wild Mile. The re-development of this former industrial canal is Urban Rivers’ important project. As part of the park, floating gardens, attached to shore, are being fixed.
The primary aim of the floating gardens is beautification. But the Illinois State team, from the University’s Department of Geology, Geography, and the Environment, saw an ideal setup for a controlled experiment. “We joined it because it’s the perfect opportunity to see if there’s an influence on water quality,” explains lead author Abigail Heath.
The study is novel: previous studies have explored floating gardens’ influence on water quality over time, primarily in wastewater treatment ponds, but not over space, in moving water. The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers’ Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State took part in it later.”
Could this small human-made park improve water quality An average of data collected over the course of the study shows middle but definitive improvement. For example, nitrogen (氮) dropped from 4.69 milligrams per liter in surface water to 4.43 milligrams per liter, a drop of about 1 percent.
“Despite how small this garden was, there was measurable improvement in water quality from upstream to downstream,” notes Heath. She and her colleagues see this as a model for how large floating gardens should be to help improve water in similar settings. “Even this tiny garden makes a difference,” she says.
28. What can be inferred from the second paragraph
A. The floating gardens are environmentally friendly.
B. The floating gardens are fixed everywhere in the eco-park.
C. The floating gardens can help fix the former parks.
D. The Urban Rivers were once industrial canals.
29. What is the main reason to build the floating gardens
A. To reduce waste water. B. To attract more visitors to the park.
C. To make the surroundings brilliant. D. To help researchers do the experiment.
30. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A. The floating garden. B. The project.
C. The treatment of ponds. D. The quality of water.
31. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Floating Gardens: More than Pretty
B. The Best Way to Better Water Quality
C. A Practical Method of Improving Parks
D. Floating Gardens Beautify the City
D
Stressed at work and feeling your blood pressure rise People all over the world are told by their doctors to try for a low-sodium (钠) diet to treat high blood pressure or other diseases, but there’s no denying that salt makes food taste good. Fortunately, Japanese researchers at Tokyo’s Meiji University and the manufacturer Kirin have developed high-tech chopsticks that enhance salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium in their diets.
These wired-up chopsticks are actually part of a device that the researchers say can enhance the salty flavor of low-sodium foods. And when they were tested on participants for the first time, results showed that the high-tech chopsticks increase perceived (察觉到) saltiness in foods by about 1.5 times.
According to the research team, the basic principle is that the extra salty flavor is perceived due to extremely weak electric currents conveyed directly into the mouth through the tip of one of the chopsticks. Scientists have apparently been using this kind of weak electricity to play with flavors in the lab for years, but these chopsticks in particular are set to adjust the activity of ions (离子) in sodium chloride (table salt), which enhances salty flavor.
And do these chopsticks work as expected To verify the effect of the new chopsticks, the researchers conducted an experiment on a total of 36 participants aged 40 to 65, all of whom were eating a low-sodium diet. If nothing else, one thing was clear: participants using the chopsticks tasted more salt than they did without. Results show that they even thought that low-sodium food eaten with the high-tech chopsticks tasted saltier than regular food made with an average amount of sodium, and eaten with normal chopsticks.
The chopsticks aren’t on store shelves quite yet, but with promising results, people around the world who are unhappily devoted to a low-sodium diet might just be excited for any updates to come!
32. What is the main function of the future high-tech chopsticks
A. To treat blood pressure. B. To test how salty a dish is.
C. To increase the saltiness of food. D. To help reduce salt intake.
33. How do the high-tech chopsticks work
A. By sending warning information to the brain.
B. By changing the saltiness of food with electric shocks.
C. By using electricity to transport ions between chopsticks.
D. By tricking our brains into tasting extra salt.
34. What does the underlined word “verify” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Confirm. B. Improve.
C. Change. D. Strengthen.
35. What is the writer’s attitude toward the future of the chopsticks
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic.
C. Uncertain. D. Pessimistic.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Neither of us has ever been to a cat cafe although I’ve heard of cat cafes in Japan. So when we saw The Cat Brothers Cafe near our hotel in Chiang Mai, we knew we had to stop by. 36
Generally speaking, the biggest complaint about cat cafes is that the cats are uninterested in visitors. Instead, what they prefer to do is spend their time away from the coffee-drinking customers, who were usually cat lovers as well. 37 It is home to roughly 20 cats who were all full of energy. During our visit, we had 4–5 cats hanging around our table at any given time. They seemed to welcome, or at least enjoyed being petted. They were far more friendly than we expected. There are a number of baskets and cat houses spreading around the room. 38 Even the sleeping cats could be made for great photos. So if you are a photographer lover, you will find many surprises here.
39 The first floor is cat-free. And it is especially perfect if you’re looking to get some work done. Some writers and white-collar workers like to choose this floor.
The second floor is where the interaction is. Be prepared for lots of cat-action, especially if you buy the cat food downstairs. 40 When you run out of food, grab one of the many toys laying around and have some fun with the playful cats. If you, or the cats, are tired of playing, just sit back and catch some interesting shots of cute cats and taste some delicious coffee.
A. It only costs 200 JPY.
B. The cat cafe actually has two levels.
C. Luckily, the cats here were super friendly.
D. You can’t bring your own food to the cat cafe.
E. So if the cats felt tired, they were able to hide away.
F. It was an appealing and comfortable casual-style cat cafe.
G. If the cats were still energetic, they would continue playing.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The mind of a child is like a sponge (海绵), absorbing information from all available sources and rapidly learning human skills.
Researchers have now found that children are 41 with their energy. They only try hard and 42 effort when they know it will be beneficial. This means small children’s learning systems are more 43 than previously thought, as they do not just 44 adults’ examples or try at random.
An experiment was conducted on 96 young children to test how they 45 various problems. Researchers watched carefully to see how much 46 they devoted. The study revealed that if they fail at the first 47 and know success is impossible, they don’t waste much energy 48 for it. However, if they are aware a task can be 49 but it is difficult, they will persist for longer, even if they fail. And children also only seek help if they 50 need it.
It was once 51 that children either try things at random or simply 52 what they see adults doing, but this research proves it to be untrue. 53 , children combine all information available to make a 54 as to whether a task is worth persisting with. The research shows children combine their own 55 with their previous knowledge to decide when is best to try hard.
Experts say 56 is important and plays a role in learning and life outcomes like school 57 and emotional health. But it is not always a good idea to persist because effort is a 58 resource. Besides, making an effort requires 59 and energy. What truly 60 learning is knowing when to try and what the best way to try is.
41. A. generous B. concerned C. careful D. content
42. A. focus on B. put in C. hold back D. use up
43. A. complex B. effective C. flexible D. advanced
44. A. set B. identify C. analyze D. follow
45. A. avoid B. cause C. handle D. predict
46. A. attention B. money C. energy D. patience
47. A. sight B. attempt C. request D. stage
48. A. looking B. preparing C. waiting D. struggling
49. A. completed B. postponed C. refused D. cancelled
50. A. exactly B. actually C. normally D. typically
51. A. doubted B. assumed C. denied D. proved
52. A. copy B. imagine C. check D. recall
53. A. Moreover B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore
54. A. decision B. change C. proposal D. promise
55. A. expectations B. habits C. views D. experiences
56. A. determination B. courage C. judgement D. wisdom
57. A. environment B. performance C. education D. management
58. A. natural B. public C. limited D. precious
59. A. care B. love C. space D. time
60. A. controls B. involves C. blocks D. drives
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Zhenchu, an 86-year-old man in 2022, who got his driver’s license in about a year, has surprised and inspired netizens in China not only because of his age.
The motivation behind Sun Zhenchu’s 61 (take) the driving tests is to care for his wife. Sun’s wife didn’t go out much after 62 operation. After the policy that people over 70 can apply 63 a driver’s license was issued, Sun 64 (immediate) became an elderly trainee at a local driver training school in Zhejiang Province and managed 65 (pass) the four exams, receiving perfect scores on two of them. After getting his license in March, Sun bought an electric vehicle to take his wife shopping for groceries, to the hospital or sightseeing along the Qiantang River.
66 astonished people most was Sun’s career — he was a specialist in nuclear weapons and made great 67 (contribute) to the nation. After graduation in 1964, Sun 68 (select) as one of the researchers to participate in China’s first atomic bomb test. After the successful test, he went to Beijing, 69 he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years. He retired in 1995, but he did not stop learning new things.
In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gongshang University in late June, he encouraged graduates to keep learning to stand out in a 70 (compete) and challenging society.
写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was sent to a boarding school when I was at my senior high school. The roommates were always friendly but easy-going. One night when I entered the dorm, the light sudden went out. One of my roommates stand in front of me with a birthday cake at his hands. The room was lit by the candles on cake. I heard my roommates to sing a birthday song for me. After turn on the light, I saw that the whole room were decorated with beautiful coloured strings. And I received several nice gift. This was the most unforgettable surprise party what I had ever experienced. And I would cherish the friendship forever.
书面表达（满分25分）
为了弘扬中国传统文化，你校打算举办“传统文化进校园”活动。现对同学们感兴趣的传统文化和活动形式征求意见。请你以学生会名义通知你校国际学生，内容包括：
1. 告知此消息；
2. 征求意见；
3. 邀请参加。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
NOTICE
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022—2023 学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷答案版（全国卷）
英语试题
第一部分 听力
1—5 CBCCA 6—10 CBCBA 11—15 BCBAC 16—20 ABBAA
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个网站上关于招聘体育教练志愿者的工作内容、食宿及旅行安排的信息。
21. C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“If that’s not enough sport for you, you can even get involved in playing with local teams in your evenings and at weekends.”可知，如果你觉得那样的运动对你来说还不够，你甚至可以在晚上以及周末和当地团队一起运动。故选C。
22. D 细节理解题。根据Description部分最后一句“You don’t need to be a top player to take part (though any champions are welcome!) — it’s your patience and drive that will make the biggest effects.”可知，此项目并不要求体育教练志愿者是一名顶级球员（尽管任何冠军都是受欢迎的！）——耐心和干劲将会产生非常重要的作用。故选D。
23. A 文章出处题。根据Which sports to coach 部分最后一句“Follow the links to find out more about each sport.”和Want to go travelling afterwards 部分最后一句“Follow the link to find out more about the Garden Route Tour.”可推知，本文最可能出自一个网页。故选A。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名土耳其小伙儿在宁夏通过种瓜追求自己梦想的故事。
24. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.”以及“I love working in the field.”可知，这名土耳其小伙儿喜欢在瓜田里工作。故选C。
25. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘The more I learn about China, the more I want to stay here,’ said Ozgener.”可知，随着时间的推移，这名土耳其小伙儿对中国的兴趣越来越浓厚。故选D。
26. A 推理判断题。根据全文描述，尤其是最后一段中的“‘... It’s tiring but rewarding, because I can learn a lot. I will continue to pursue my dream here,’ said Ozgener.”可知，他是一个勤奋且坚定的人。故选A。
27. D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一名土耳其小伙儿在宁夏通过种瓜追求自己梦想的故事。故选D。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国伊利诺伊州的漂浮花园不但美丽，而且能够改善水质。
28. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一至三句“Floating gardens are essentially platforms built and wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in with native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water. On the North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and its partners are developing a mile-long floating eco-park called the Wild Mile.”可知，漂浮花园本质上是用椰子壳包裹搭建的平台，并且里面种植的是本地植物。随着植物的生长，它们把自己的根系延伸到水中。在芝加哥河的北部支流，非营利组织Urban Rivers及其合作伙伴正在开发一个一英里长的浮动生态公园。由此可推知，漂浮花园是环保的。故选A。
29. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The primary aim of the floating gardens is beautification.”可知，建造漂浮花园的主要目的是美化（环境）。故选C。
30. B 指代判断题。根据第四段最后两句“‘The city is interested in bettering water quality,’ says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers’ Director of Research. ‘Happily, Illinois State took part in it later.’”可知，Urban Rivers研究部主任Phil Nicodemus说：“这座城市对改善水质很感兴趣，令人高兴的是，之后伊利诺伊州（也）参与了这个项目。”由此可推知，“it”指代的是上文中提到的“The project”。故选B。
31. A 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国伊利诺伊州的漂浮花园不但美丽，而且能够改善水质。因此，A项可能是本文的最佳标题。故选A。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。日本研究人员开发出一种可以让人感觉咸味增强的筷子，从而帮助人们减少食盐的摄入量。
32. D 细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“... potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium in their diets.”可知，这种高科技筷子有可能帮助那些需要减少饮食中钠（含量）的人。由此可知，这种高科技筷子的功能是帮助减少食盐摄入量。故选D。
33. D 推理判断题。由第三段第一句可知，这种高科技筷子的基本原理是，通过筷子的尖端直接将极微弱的电流送入嘴巴中，从而使嘴巴感知到额外的咸味。由此可知，这种高科技筷子是通过让大脑感受额外的咸味来发挥其功能的。故选D。
34. A 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句前一句的问题“这些筷子像预期的那样产生效果吗？”以及后面对实验结果的描述可知，verify是“证明，证实”的意思。confirm意为“证实，证明”；improve意为“提高”；change意为“改变”；strengthen意为“增强；巩固”。故选A。
35. B 观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的“but with promising results”以及“be excited for any updates to come”可知，作者对这种高科技筷子的未来持乐观态度。故选B。
第二节
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在清迈遇到的一家猫咪咖啡馆。
36. F 空前讲当作者他们在清迈的酒店附近看到一家猫咪咖啡馆时，他知道他们必须得去看一下；下文介绍了这家猫咪咖啡馆。F项“它是一家吸引人且舒适的休闲猫咪咖啡馆”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
37. C 空前讲猫咪更愿意远离喝咖啡的顾客，而这些顾客通常也是爱猫人士；空后讲它（猫兄弟咖啡馆）是大约20只充满活力的猫的家。C项“幸运的是，这里的猫非常友好”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
38. E 空前讲房间里到处都是篮子和猫窝。E项“因此如果猫感到累了，它们就会躲起来”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
39. B 空后讲猫兄弟咖啡馆的第一层没有猫；下一段第一句讲第二层是猫的活动场所。B项“这个猫咪咖啡馆实际上有两层”引出下文，符合语境。故选B。
40. A 空前讲（你要做好）准备迎接很多与猫有关的活动，特别是你在楼下买猫粮的话。A项“它（猫粮）只需200日元”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
本文是一篇说明文。孩子的大脑像一块海绵，可以理解所有可用的信息，并迅速学会人类技能。然而，关于孩子思维模式的新研究颠覆了许多人旧有的认知。
41. C 考查形容词辨析。根据下文可知，他们只有在知道努力会带来好处的时候才会去努力，所以此处是指他们慎重地使用他们的精力。generous“慷慨的”；concerned“担心的”；careful“小心的；慎重的”；content“满意的”。故选C。
42. B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，这里指“付出”努力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的短语与“try hard”并列，因此在意思上要与之相近。focus on“集中（注意力等）于”；put in“投入；付出”；hold back“阻止；隐瞒”；use up“用完，耗尽”。故选B。
43. A 考查形容词辨析。根据首句“The mind of a child is like a sponge (海绵), absorbing information from all available sources and rapidly learning human skills.”可知，孩子们的学习能力很强大。再联系空处所在句的前一句“They only try hard and effort when they know it will be beneficial.”可推知，小孩子的学习系统比人们以前认为的要复杂得多。complex“复杂的”；effective“有效的”；flexible“灵活的”；advanced“高级的”。故选A。
44. D 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，这里指他们不仅仅遵照成年人的行为方式或随机尝试。follow one’s example意为“遵照某人的行为方式”，符合语境。set“设置”；identify“识别；确认”；analyze“分析”；follow“跟随；按照”。故选D。
45. C 考查动词辨析。由空后的“various problems”可知，这里指“处理”问题。avoid“避免”；cause“导致”；handle“处理；应付”；predict“预测”。故选C。
46. C 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，本句意为“研究人员仔细观察，看看他们投入了多少精力。”且由41空后的“energy”和48空前的“energy”也可得出答案。attention“注意力”；money“金钱”；energy“能量；精力”；patience“耐心”。故选C。
47. B 考查名词辨析。根据本句及上下文语境可知，这里指如果他们在第一次“尝试”时就失败并且知道不可能成功。at the first attempt为固定短语，意为“在第一次尝试时”，符合语境。sight“看见；视力”；attempt“尝试；努力”；request“要求；请求”；stage“阶段”。故选B。
48. D 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指如果在第一次尝试时就失败并且知道不可能成功的话，他们就不会浪费太多的精力去“努力争取”成功。struggle for...意为“为……奋斗”，符合语境。look“看”；prepare“准备”；wait“等待”；struggle“奋斗；争取”。故选D。
49. A 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，如果他们知道一项任务虽然难但他们能够完成的话，他们会坚持更久。complete“完成”；postpone“推迟；延期”；refuse“拒绝”；cancel“取消”。故选A。
50. B 考查副词辨析。结合上文以及本句中的“only”可知，孩子们也只在确实需要帮助的时候才会寻求帮助。exactly“确切地”；actually“确实；实际上”；normally“正常地”；typically“典型地；通常”。故选B。
51. B 考查动词辨析。根据空处所在句的下半句“but this research proves it to be untrue”及语境可知，此处是指人们曾经“认为”。It is assumed that...意为“人们认为／假定……”，符合语境。doubt“怀疑”；assume“认为；假定”；deny“否认”；prove“证明”。故选B。
52. A 考查动词辨析。根据第二段中的“as they do not just _____ adults’ examples or try at random”可知，这里指孩子们只是“模仿”他们看到的成年人在做的事情。copy“模仿”；imagine“想象”；check“检查”；recall“回忆起，回想起”。故选A。
53. C 考查副词辨析。空处所在句的上句提到，人们曾经认为，孩子们要么随机地尝试事情，要么只是模仿他们看到的成年人在做的事情。而空后的内容“孩子们综合所有可获得的信息，就一项任务是否值得坚持做而做一个……”与空前的内容是相反的。moreover“此外，而且”；besides“此外”；instead“相反；反而”；therefore“因此”。故选C。
54. A 考查名词辨析。根据语境及下文“combine their own with their previous knowledge to decide when is best to try hard”中的“decide”可知，此处是指孩子们综合所有可获得的信息，就一项任务是否值得坚持做而做出决定。make a decision意为“做决定”，符合语境。decision“决定”；change“变化”；proposal“提议”；promise“承诺；保证”。故选A。
55. D 考查名词辨析。上文“The study revealed that if they fail at the first _____ and know success is impossible ...”提到，如果孩子们在第一次尝试时就失败并且知道不可能成功的话，他们就不会浪费太多的精力去努力争取成功。由此可推测出此处句意：该研究表明，孩子们将他们自己的经历和他们以前的知识结合起来，以决定什么时候努力是最好的。expectation“预期；期待”；habit“习惯”；view“观点”；experience“经历”。故选D。
56. A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这里指“决心”是重要的，与下一句中的“persist”相呼应。determination“决心”；courage“勇气”；judgement“判断力”；wisdom“智慧”。故选A。
57. B 考查名词辨析。与“learning and life outcomes”相对应的是“school performance（在校表现；学习成绩）and emotional health（情绪健康）”。environment“环境”；performance“表现；工作情况”；education“教育”；management“管理”。故选B。
58. C 考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，坚持并不总是一个好主意，因为努力是一种“有限的”资源。natural“自然的”；public“公共的”；limited“有限的”；precious“珍贵的”。故选C。
59. D 考查名词辨析。根据上文“because effort is a _____ resource”及语境可知，此处表示：做出努力需要时间和精力。care“关心；照料”；love“爱；热爱”；space“空间”；time“时间”。故选D。
60. D 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，真正“推动”学习的是知道什么时候去尝试以及什么是最好的尝试方式。control“控制”；involve“牵扯”；block“阻止”；drive“促进；推动”。故选D。
第二节
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了曾经的核武器专家——孙振锄在86岁高龄时成功考取驾照的故事。
61. taking 考查非谓语动词。名词所有格后应接动名词形式，以构成动名词的复合结构。故填taking。
62. an 考查冠词。结合语境可知，这里泛指“一次手术”，应用不定冠词。operation的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
63. for 考查介词。apply for sth为固定短语，意为“申请某物”。故填for。
64. immediately 考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的动词became，应用immediate的副词形式作状语。故填immediately。
65. to pass 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，为固定用法。故填to pass。
66. What 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_____ astonished people most”是主语从句，空处在主语从句中作主语，所以应用what引导该从句。且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。
67. contributions 考查词性转换和名词的复数。make contributions/a contribution to...为固定短语，意为“为……做出贡献”。这里应用contribute对应的名词复数形式。故填contributions。
68. was selected 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中的in 1964可知，本句应用一般过去时，且所给动词select与Sun之间是动宾关系，所以该句应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was selected。
69. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where来引导该定语从句。故填where。
petitive 考查词性转换。由and后面的challenging可知，这里应用compete的形容词形式，与challenging共同修饰名词society。故填competitive。
第四部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
第一处（第二句）：but→and 考查连词。分析句意可知，friendly和easy-going之间是顺承关系而不是转折关系，所以此处应用and连接。故将but改为and。
第二处（第三句）：sudden→suddenly 考查词性转换。修饰动词短语went out应用副词。故将sudden改为suddenly。
第三处（第四句）：stand→stood 考查动词的时态。由上文的“One night when I entered the dorm...”和下文的“The room was lit...”可知，该句时态应为一般过去时。故将stand改为stood。
第四处（第四句）：at→in 考查介词。根据句意及常识可知，“在他的手里有一个生日蛋糕”的“在……里”应用介词in表示。故将at改为in。
第五处（第五句）：在cake前加the 考查冠词。由语境可知，此处特指上文提到的那个生日蛋糕。故在cake前加the。
第六处（第六句）：删掉roommates后的to 考查非谓语动词。hear sb do sth为固定搭配，意为“听到某人做某事”。故删掉roommates后的to。
第七处（第七句）：turn→turning 考查非谓语动词。After在此处为介词，turn的逻辑主语I与其为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故将turn改为turning。
第八处（第七句）：were→was 考查主谓一致。the whole room（整个房间）为单数名词短语，它作从句的主语时，后面的系动词应用单数形式。故将were改为was。
第九处（第八句）：gift→gifts 考查名词的数。several修饰的一般是可数名词的复数形式。故将gift改为gifts。
第十处（第九句）：what→that或删掉what 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，party后面是定语从句，而该从句的先行词the most unforgettable surprise party为物，并包含形容词的最高级形式，所以应用that来引导该定语从句。此外，引导词在从句中充当宾语时可被省略。所以将what改为that或删掉what。
第二节 书面表达
参考范文：
NOTICE
In order to promote Chinese traditional culture, we are going to hold an activity to introduce Chinese traditional culture to our students. It’s really a good opportunity for you international students to have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Now we’d like to make a survey about what culture you are expecting and what forms attract you most, such as speeches, exhibitions or hands-on experiences.
We sincerely invite you to take an active part in the activity. And we are looking forward to hearing from you!
The Student Union
听力材料
Text 1
M: I think Alan is about the right age to go to school.
W: But he is still so young, and I like to stay with him at home for some more time.
Text 2
W: Do you plan on flying to New York, Jack
M: Yes. It costs a lot but the trains and buses don’t run the day I’m going. So I have no choice.
Text 3
M: How many students have joined the club
W: Ten the first day, and three since then.
M: How many more do you think will join
W: I expect two more.
Text 4
W: You don’t like this kind of music, do you
M: Not really. It makes me sleepy. How did you know
W: It was just a guess from your facial expression.
Text 5
M: Some doctors love to lecture people about their lifestyles.
W: Well, I don’t think they can make a difference.
Text 6
W: Hello
M: Hi, Jennie. I’ve got the milk and the yogurt in my shopping cart. What else do we need
W: Hang on. Let me look in the kitchen.
M: OK.
W: Um…will you get some carrots And make sure they are organic.
M: Organic Aren’t they more expensive
W: A little bit, but it’s worth it.
Text 7
W: Hey, James. I heard your wife just had a baby. Congratulations!
M: Thanks, Jenny. We’re still trying to get used to having a baby around the house. We certainly don’t sleep as much as we used to.
W: Well, I remember when Mike and I had our first child. It’s a lot of work at first, but you’ll get used to it.
M: Yeah. I’m sure you’re right. Thanks for the encouragement.
Text 8
M: Say, what’s your favorite sport
W: It’s hard to say. I like volleyball a lot, but I guess I like tennis better.
M: Are you good at it
W: Yes, quite good. How about a tennis game sometime
M: Sorry, I just like to watch almost all kinds of ball games — football, baseball, basketball, golf…I’m strictly a spectator (观众).
W: You mean you never do anything yourself
M: Well, I only like to do some jogging in the fresh morning air.
W: Ah, you’re an early bird then.
M: You are quite right. As an elderly person, I always get up at dawn.
W: But you look like you are in your forties.
M: I’m flattered. I’m almost 60.
Text 9
W: Oh, Mike, you look so tired.
M: I was up all night, trying to get ready for my chemistry test this morning.
W: Any idea how you did on it
M: Yeah. Professor Porter’s already put grades on her door, and I…well, I could have done better.
W: That really surprises me. You know so much about science.
M: Yeah, well, it’s not surprising to me. I know the material well, but when it comes to taking tests, I never do well.
W: You should consider taking some courses at the Study Skills Center. It’s run by some professors that teach undergraduates some skills that help them do better in classes. Last year, I took a course from them on how to do research on the Internet, and another one on writing term papers. They were really useful.
M: What other kinds of courses do they offer
W: They also have a class on test-taking skills.
M: Wow, that’s exactly what I want. I should go there now and try to talk to someone.
W: You can go there tomorrow. Right now, you should go back to your house and catch up on your sleep.
M: I think you’re right.
Text 10
M: This is What’s Trending Today. People from London like to call the ringing of Big Ben “bongs”. They mark the start of a new hour. Big Ben started making its bongs 158 years ago. But beginning on August 21st, it will go silent for four years. The bell will ring for the last time at 12 noon. The bell will be disconnected from the clock as crews launch a major repair project in the tower. The clock, however, will continue to tell the time, silently. The only time people in London will hear the bells will be on Remembrance Sunday (和平纪念日), which falls on November 12th this year, and New Year’s Eve. The repair project will cost about $40 million, said Steve Jaggs. He is known as “The Keeper of the Great Clock.” Jaggs said the goal is to keep the building safe and the famous timepiece (钟) working for future generations to enjoy. The last time the bell stopped ringing for repairs was in 2007. It was also silent for the funerals of former Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There was reaction to the silencing of Big Ben on social media. Joana reacted to the news on Twitter. She proposed that there be “one minute of silence for the lost bongs of Big Ben”. And that’s What’s Trending Today. I’m Dan Friedell.
