北师大版（2019）必修 第二册 Humans and Nature 课后练（Word版含答案）

Unit5 Humans and Nature 课后练
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
Rising numbers of female elephants in Mozambique in south-east Africa are being born without tusks (长牙), according to a new study. The change is thought to be a result of years of hunting in which elephants were killed for their tusks. Experts think they have evolved (进化) to be tuskless so they are less likely to be hunted.
Evolution is the process by which living things change over time to become better adapted to their environment. In the case of the elephants, animals with no tusks have survived (幸存) better than those with tusks. The surviving animals have passed on that characteristic to their babies, resulting in more young elephants that don't grow tusks.
Elephant tusks evolved from teeth. They gradually became a tool that the elephants used to dig water hole, strip bark from tees and protect themselves. However, during a civil war that lasted from 1977 to 1992, Mozambiu's elephant population reduced by about 90%. Most of the animals were killed by soldiers who sold their tusks for money.
During the civil war, elephants born without tusks were left alone by hunters, giving them a far better chance of surviving and passing this characteristic to their babies. Before the war, 18.5% of female elephants were born tuskless, but this rose to 33% among females born between 1995 and 2004. In order to survive without tusks, the researchers say the elephants are changing the types of plants they eat.
Whether the elephants have tusks or not depends on changes to their genes (基因). Unfortunately, the gene changes that stop tusks growing have other effects—they are deadly to about half of male babies. Professor Robert Pringle, who worked on the study, hopes that the spread of tusklessness will stop as the elephants are hunted less and the population recovers.
2. What cause(s) elephants to evolve to be tuskless
A. Food shortage. B. Climate change. C. Human activities. D. Natural disasters.
3. What does the civil war bring to elephants
A. The damage to their home. B. An increase in birth of females.
C. The survival of those with tusks. D. A decrease in their population.
4. What is Robert Pringle's attitude to the spread of tusklessness
A. Favorable. B. Concerned. C. Confused. D. Frightened.
5. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. No buying, no killing. B. The elephants are suffering.
C. Elephants evolve to lose tusks. D. To protect elephants, take action!
B
Aviation (航空业) is a major contributor to climate change, and also one of the hardest places to give up using fossil fuels (矿石燃料). New research suggests we could reduce the carbon footprint of jet fuel by 165 percent by making it out of food leftovers.
Scientists have shown that making jet fuel from food waste could greatly reduce emissions (排放). In a recent paper, they show that their fuel meets aviation standards (标准), and they've partnered with Southwest Airlines to speed up and start flight trials by 2023.
Wet waste like food leftovers are energy-rich, and previous research has shown that they could be turned into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and then be made into jet fuel. But doing so in a way that would meet strict aviation standards was an unsolved problem.
The new way designed by the researchers adds extra carbon to VFA, turning them into paraffin (石蜡) that is exactly the same as that found in standard jet fuel. A mixture of 10 percent bio-paraffin and 90 percent traditional jet fuel met aviation standards, and the team says it's likely to get official recognition soon.
It was shown that the new bio-paraffin had the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 165 percent compared to standard jet fuel, which is far higher than the 50 to 70 percent reductions achieved by previous bio-jet fuels. Most of the emissions reduction came from taking wet waste away from landfills (垃圾填埋场) where it breaks down into a powerful greenhouse gas.
There are limits on how much of an impact the new fuel could have, though. The total energy content of all the wet waste in the US still only accounts for about 20 percent of the amount of jet fuel. However, finding a way to make society's leftovers into something as valuable as jet fuel while significantly slashing its environmental impact is a major breakthrough. The partnerships with major airlines suggest yesterday's dinner may soon be flying you across the country.
6. What can be inferred from the first three paragraphs
A. Aviation is the hardest place to give up using fossil fuels.
B. Making jet fuel out of food leftovers will worsen pollution.
C. Energy-rich food leftovers can be turned into jet fuel directly.
D. Scientists didn't know the way that would meet strict aviation standards.
7. Why can the new bio-paraffin reduce greenhouse gas emissions greatly
A. It is made by adding extra carbon to VFA．
B. Paraffin found in standard jet fuel is exactly the same as it.
C. It has met aviation standards and has been officially recognized.
D. Wet waste is taken away from landfills where it changes into greenhouse gas.
8. What does the underlined word "slashing" mean in the last paragraph
A. Stopping. B. Reducing. C. Destroying. D. Balancing.
9. What is the author's attitude to making jet fuel out of food waste
A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
二、阅读七选五
How Not to Annoy Wild Animals at National Parks National parks are treasures that offer people the chance to view native plants and animals in their natural habitat. However, as the number of visitors and wildlife populations increases, humans and animals too often find themselves in close distance. (1)
Remember that the animals living in national parks are wild. Wild animals can be unpredictable and in national parks and many state parks, they are not contained. (2) Never think that it is safe to get close to them.
(3) Stop by the visitor's center and take the time to read about the types of wildlife in the park and what to expect. The park service posts these signs to protect you and the wildlife. So, if you see the warning signs, take care.
Make sure you give animals space. The general rule is to keep 25 yards away from all wildlife, and a minimum of 100 yards away from wolves and bears. (4) If you're out hiking and come across wildlife, stick your thumb out and hold it out at eye level. If your thumb covers the entire animal, you're at a safe distance away from that animal.
Some wild animals look lovely and maybe you think handing them a snack or two won't hurt. (5) Feeding wildlife is a bad idea and you risk getting a bite. Plus human food is not healthy for animals and it makes them learn that people aren't the threat. This becomes a vicious cycle (恶性循环) that results in people getting too close and getting hurt. Wild animals have all they need to eat in their environment.
A. But don't do it.
B. You can follow the "rule of thumb".
C. In national parks, there are warning signs everywhere.
D. At certain times of the year, wildlife can be more lively.
E. So it's important to know how to respect wildlife and stay safe.
F. In another word, they go anywhere within the park as they please.
G. You should always pack up food after a picnic at the campground.
10. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空
When you measure the distance between towns on foot, and walk to places that you thought could only be reached by car and it will change your mind.
I live in the suburb north of San Francisco, and (15) is considered the main transportation for most people here. I still remember how (16) I was when I first learned to drive. While driving with music gently (17) my heart, I was filled with joy. However, as time went by, that excitement (18) . I feared driving, and felt worried and upset. Everyone seems to be in my way especially when I am in a (19) . One night, a deer ran out from the dark, knocked against my moving car, and (20) across the street. I didn't dare to get out of my car to see her. Crying on the (21) , I hated my car.
When I joined the 21-day mindful walking (22) , I began to walk with a mind. During the walking days, I smiled at every stranger (23) by me. I walked to the streets that I (24) would not pass through and (25) a tiny free library on the sidewalk. I began to (26) if I had really lived in this town all these years. It's a completely (27) town that I know so little about!
I felt deeply (28) for the walking challenge. Maybe I will set foot on far lands again, yet I know the (29) is right here and right now.
15. A. walking B. driving C. flying D. biking
16. A. anxious B. awkward C. excited D. ready
17. A. attacking B. hitting C. recovering D. comforting
18. A. went down B. spread out C. fell apart D. took over
19. A. mess B. way C. hurry D. corner
20. A. came B. jumped C. landed D. ran
21. A. wheel B. carpet C. street D. shelter
22. A. organization B. challenge C. schedule D. competition
23. A. standing B. judging C. passing D. dropping
24. A. obviously B. exactly C. normally D. formally
25. A. discovered B. built C. entered D. rented
26. A. comment B. question C. argue D. check
27. A. special B. similar C. quiet D. new
28. A. grateful B. hungry C. sorry D. doubtful
29. A. contribution B. wonder C. concern D. pressure
第II卷（非选择题）
四、选词填空-句子
1.
on the edge of; pick up; run out; prepare for;
turn one's back on; carry on; break down; be covered with
(1) China has been making huge efforts to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games over the past few years.
(2) In the competition, all the competitors have to use up all the items before the time according to the rules.
(3) Make sure that you save all your work on the desktop in case your computer .
(4) He is a warm-hearted man and never those who are in trouble.
(5) Wildlife protection areas provide a shelter for hundreds of wild animal species extinction.
(6) After floating on the ocean for three days, this boy by a lifeboat at last.
五、单句语法填空
30. Fears grew that the number of ______ (death) could reach 5.
31. Max is hard-working, ______ (cheer) and honest, which makes him liked by a lot of people.
32. People rushed into flooded streets ______ (rescue) strangers trapped in the floodwater, placing their own lives at risk.
33. The audience is waiting ______ (anxious) to see which team will win.
34. We were impressed by the ______ (brave) of the soldiers who fight floods in Henan Province.
35. Charles was a man of settled habits and ______ routine. (flexible)
36. Spring is a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life.
37. Once the damage ______ the environment is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
38. He hopes that the overseas students will spread the goodwill and ______ (sincere) of the Chinese people to other parts of the world.
39. His lecture was so exciting that it ______ (interrupt) continually by cheers.
六、语法填空
40. Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he loved sailing and showed great interest in geography, (1) encouraged him to begin his career as a seaman.
Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies (2) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous efforts, he received support from the King and Queen of Spain. On 3 August 1492, he set off from Spain with three ships (3) (carry) about 90 sailors. Regardless of many challenges he met with on the voyage, Columbus managed (4) (keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean and (5) (final), on 12 October, people on the ships (6) (spot) land in the distance. Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he believed that he was in the East Indies, (7) actually the place they had reached was America.
Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus found more land later. His major (8) (contribute) is that he "discovered" the New World and (9) (he) discovery encouraged explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world. His voyages opened (10) new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which saw many important geographical findings. This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
七、单词拼写-单句
41. Though badly f______(感到害怕的), she remained calm.
42. His strength lies in literature and his favorite is ______ (诗歌).
43. She kept looking ______ (焦虑地) at her watch.
44. The most ______ (有效率的) way to plan is to put your tasks in order of importance.
45. ______（诚实) plays an important role in a child's ability to succeed in school and later life.
46. Once you be lost in the ______ (丛林), you can only do it yourself.
47. They have just embarked on (从事，着手) their latest e______, which is to study abroad in England.
48. It is believed that the Chinese army would come to their ______ (营救) soon.
49. It was Cao Chong who thought of an approach to m______(测量) the weight of the elephant.
50. Our car went too fast and n______(勉强) missed hitting the other one.
八、书面表达
51. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知志愿者组织GoEco正在招募去巴厘岛（Bali）保护海龟的志愿者。请你给该组织写一封邮件申请参加，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）个人优势；
（3）希望获准。
注意:
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案
1、【小题1】；prepare for；【小题2】；runs out；【小题3】；breaks down；【小题4】；turns his back on ；【小题5】；on the edge of；【小题6】；was picked up；；2~5、C、D、B、C；6~9、D、D、B、A；10~14、E、F、C、B、A；15~29、B、C、D、A、C、C、A、B、C、C、A、B、D、A、B；30、deaths；31、cheerful；32、to rescue；33、anxiously；34、bravery；35、inflexible；36、when；37、to；38、sincerity；39、was interrupted；40、【小题1】；which；【小题2】；by；【小题3】；carrying；【小题4】；to keep；【小题5】；finally；【小题6】；spotted；【小题7】；but；【小题8】；contribution；【小题9】；his；【小题10】；a；；41、frightened；42、poetry；43、anxiously；44、effective；45、Honesty；46、jungle；47、enterprise；48、rescue；49、measure；50、narrowly；
51、Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a 16-year-old high school student from China. I'm writing to apply for the job to help protect sea turtles in Bali.
I think I am qualified for this work. ①First, I've learnt much about the sea turtles and know how to take care of them. Besides, I have relevant experience—I've volunteered twice overseas, so I can adapt to the new environment quickly.
②I'd appreciate it if you accept me. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua