2023年高考英语复习——阅读理解（Word版含解析）

2023年高考英语复习——阅读理解
【1】阅读理解
（2022·江苏常州·三模）As the world approaches the second anniversary of the declaration of the Covid-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO), on March 11, more nations are rolling out, or are discussing the possibility of, fourth doses of coronavirus vaccine for their most vulnerable. In the United States, leading public health officials say they are “very carefully” monitoring if or when fourth doses might be needed.
Israel was the first nation to roll out fourth doses, announcing in December that adults 60 and older, medical workers and people with suppressed(抑制的) immune systems were qualified to receive the extra shot if at least four months have passed since their third dose. More recently, the Public Health Agency of Sweden announced last week that second booster doses are recommended for everyone 80 and older in the country. The United Kingdom’s Department of Health and Social Care announced Monday that an extra booster dose(加强剂量) of coronavirus vaccine will be offered in the spring to adults 75 and older, residents in care homes for older adults and immunosuppressed(免疫功能不全) people 12 and older.
In the US, health officials emphasized late last year that fourth doses were not yet needed and said it was too early to be discussing a potential fourth dose of coronavirus vaccine for most people. Now, the US Food and Drug Administration “is indeed continually looking at the emerging data on the pandemic and variants(变种) in the United States and overseas in order to evaluate the potential utility and composition of booster doses,” FDA spokesperson Alison Hunt wrote in an email to CNN on Friday.
She confirmed that although Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation, has noted that there is still much uncertainty as to how the pandemic may further evolve, he also has said it is possible that a fourth dose might be recommended as we move into fall. A fall timeline exist at the same time of the administration of flu shots, which could be convenient for people and makes sense scientifically because respiratory(呼吸的) viruses – like the coronavirus – tend to peak in the winter months that follow.
1．What can we know from the first paragraph
A．The WHO believes the Covid-19 will affect people for another two years.
B．The WHO has asked countries to evaluate the possibility of a fourth vaccine.
C．Many countries are making a fourth dose of Covid-19 vaccine available.
D．The US are cautiously developing the fourth dose of Covid-19 vaccine.
2．Which of the following statements is correct
A．Israel was unwilling to roll out the fourth dose.
B．The elderly people must be given a fourth dose.
C．People aged 12 and over in the UK with immunosuppressed will be given a booster dose.
D．Sweden recommended a second dose for every Swiss aged 80 and over.
3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Health officials in the United States do not believe a fourth dose is needed currently.
B．FDA is assessing possible effects of booster doses through analyzing related data.
C．Alison believed it impossible that a fourth dose might be suggested in autumn.
D．People are most likely to contract respiratory diseases before winter.
4．Where is this text most likely from
A．A news website. B．A science textbook.
C．A medical thesis. D．A doctor’s biography.
（2022·江苏·新沂市第一中学模拟预测）China welcomed three heroic astronauts home on April 16. The re-entry module (返回舱) carrying Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu touched down safely at the designated Dongfeng Landing Site in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission.
This return marks a major breakthrough for China’s efforts in space. Let’s look at some of the technical details of the mission.
Speed record
The mission set a new speed record. The Shenzhou XII return capsule revolved around the Earth 11 times over 24 hours, before returning on Sept 17, 2021. This time Shenzhou XIII shortened the time to about 9 hours, orbiting the Earth five times.
The Shenzhou XIII mission was simplified to only five orbits and was designed to return more efficiently, according to the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST).
This approach required more precise control of the spacecraft and more accurate orbital calculations. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it could quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editor-in-chief of Beijing-based Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told the Global Times.
“Having the ability to adopt such a fast return method indicates that China’s return technology for manned missions is very mature and reliable,” Wang added.
Temperature control
Another challenge for astronauts returning to Earth is traveling through the atmosphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmosphere, there is fierce friction with the air. The surface temperature of the capsule can reach thousands of degrees.
To solve this problem, the researchers designed a heat-resistant coating on the surface of the Shenzhou XIII return capsule. They also laid a layer of ablative material (烧蚀材料) that sublimated (升华) and fell off when the temperature reached a certain level, taking a lot of heat with it, according to People’s Daily Online.
Landing
Landing upright is the ideal way to land, ensuring astronauts have the softest landing, Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing, told Science and Technology Daily.
5．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the passage.
B．To introduce Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
C．To inform readers of the astronauts’ six-month space mission.
D．To tell readers about the successful landing of the Shenzhou XIII.
6．How long did Shenzhou XIII revolving around the earth once spend？
A．About 2.2 hours. B．About 3 hours.
C．About 1.8 hours. D．About half an hour.
7．What are the requirements of simplifying the Shenzhou XIII mission
①to return more efficiently
②to control the spacecraft more precisely
③to calculate orbit more accurately
④to target the landing area quickly
⑤to adjust its altitude
A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤
8．How did the ablative material take the heat
A．By designing a heat-resistant coating on the surface of the Shenzhou XIII.
B．By making the surface temperature reach thousands of degrees.
C．By sublimating and falling off when the temperature reached a level.
D．By putting a layer of material on the surface on the spacecraft.
（2021·广东广州·二模）When the Chinese spacecraft Chang’e-5 returned to Earth on December 17, 2020, it brought back something not seen on our planet since the 1970s: moon rock samples. This precious cargo, collected by Chang’e-5’s robotic research vehicle in the northwest region of the lunar near side, is now being studied by scientists in Beijing. The success of the latest Chinese space mission also showcased technology that may be used in future years to create human settlements on Earth’s near neighbor.
The returned lunar samples will “absolutely add new knowledge of the history of the moon, particularly its volcanoes,” says Xiao Long, a planetary scientist at China University of Geosciences. The rocks sent back by Chang’e-5 “will ask us to rethink about why and how the moon’s volcanic history lasted this long,” he says.
The Chang’e-5 mission was more than just a trip to collect moon rocks. It was also the latest stage of a long, planned sequence of robotic lunar explorations by China that have grown ever more scientifically advanced.
The program began with the 2007 launch of Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 three years later. These craft circled the moon collecting data used to help guide Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4, the first Chinese spacecraft to land on the moon surface, and to direct their robotic vehicles. The robot on Chang’e-5 was able to collect rock and soil samples and return them to Earth. In the near future, an identical spacecraft called Chang’e-6 will attempt a sample-return mission from the moon’s south pole—an area of intense scientific interest-given the large amount of water ice present.
The more advanced Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 spacecraft are also planned to land near the south pole to carry out analysis of the region and test new technologies, including detecting and obtaining materials that could be useful to future human explorers, such as water and hydrogen, and testing 3D printing on the lunar surface.
The long-term aim of the Chang’s program is to establish an International Lunar Research Station around 2030 to support robotic and, eventually, crewed missions.
9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The moon’s recent volcanic activities. B．The significance of the moon rock samples.
C．New knowledge of the history of the moon. D．Further studies of the returned lunar samples.
10．What distinguishes the mission of Chang’e-6 from that of Chang’e-5
A．The technology they use. B．The time they spend on the moon.
C．The specific locations they explore. D．The amount of material they bring back.
11．Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 space missions are mainly intended to ________.
A．transport researchers to the moon station
B．build up an International Lunar Research Station
C．collect data necessary to guide moon-landing spacecraft
D．find and test resources and means to support living on the moon
12．Which of the following best summarizes the Chang’s space program
A．A project to study the surface of the moon.
B．A plan to improve human settlements on the moon.
C．A set of experiments to test the possibility of manned spacecraft.
D．A series of increasingly challenging scientific lunar explorations.
（2021·广东佛山·一模）Sitting straight at his desk, Sami Sabeaallil turns on the lights, places his mobile phone on a selfie stick and starts greeting his viewers. “Hi everyone, this is Sami,” he says in Chinese. “I will recommend you some toys tonight…”
Every day, Sami livestreams (网络直播) on Douyin (China’s domestic version of TikTok) for one or two hours, promoting his toys to Chinese buyers. Based in Yiwu City, the world’s largest trading center for daily consumer goods in East China’s Zhejiang Province, the 22-year-old said he is likely the first foreigner to get into livestream selling in Yiwu and take advantage of China’s skyrocketing e-commerce industry.
Sami has been selling his toys on his Douyin account since last June. Most of his videos are about his products or show him hanging around Yiwu’s markets and cracking jokes. For a video he published last October, he invited dozens of foreigners from various countries to express their love for China, which got nearly 30,000 likes.
As a young Chinese-speaking foreigner, Sami attracts much attention on China’s social media. He now has only about 28,000 followers on Douyin but his goal is to have 10 million followers within two years.
The COVID-19 pandemic is severely hitting the economy of many countries and has caused great losses among Yiwu’s producers and suppliers. Sami decided to try livestreaming and look for more Chinese domestic buyers via Douyin. As an owner of a Yiwu-based toy company, Sami used to have half of his orders from overseas. However, overseas orders have not been satisfactory in the past year, so he is gradually shifting his business to Chinese market as the epidemic situation in China has largely improved.
A few potential buyers have reached Sami and one of them bought over 100,000 yuan ($14,860) of toys from him, which Sami described as “a good beginning.”
Sami is not the only foreigner in Yiwu interested in livestreaming promotion. According to Yiwu Industrial and Commercial College, quite a few of its 140 overseas students say they will try livestreaming e-commerce industry after graduation.
The college is offering its overseas students courses on China’s livestream selling market, which include how to attract more followers, how to select suitable products, how to interact with audiences and how to shoot and edit short videos.
13．Why did Sami start livestreaming
A．To increase the sales of his toys.
B．To build a reputation in his field.
C．To catch up with the Internet trend.
D．To be the first foreign livestreamer.
14．What do we know about Sami’s videos on Douyin
A．They made him world famous.
B．They showed his love for China.
C．They attracted a number of followers.
D．They recorded people’s lives in Yiwu.
15．What is the consequence of COVID-19 for Sami
A．He has closed down his toy company.
B．His overseas orders decreased by half.
C．The number of his followers has fallen sharply.
D．He makes efforts to attract more Chinese buyers.
16．What is the function of the last paragraph
A．To provide background information.
B．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
D．To call on people to use more livestream.
（2022·山东省实验中学模拟预测）A record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the international community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world’s land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report. Protected region snow cover more than five times the territory of the US, but the authors said this good news was often undermined by poor enforcement. Some reserves are little more than “paper parks” with little value to nature conservation. Atleast one has been turned into an industrial zone. More than 27m square kilometres of seas (7% of the total) and 20m sq km of land (15% of the total) now have protected status, according to the Protected Planet report, which was released on Sunday at the UN biodiversity conference in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.
Almost all of the growth has been in marine regions, most notably with the creation last year of the world’s biggest protected area: the 2m sq km Ross Sea reserve, one-fifth of which is in the Antarctic. The no-fishing zone will be managed by New Zealand and the US.
“We have seen an enormous expansion in the past two years. There is now more marine protected area than terrestrial, which nobody would have predicted,” said Kathy McKinnon of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. “I think we’ll continue to see a substantial increase, I’d guess, to at least 10% in the near future.”
The UN convention on biological diversity says it has received national commitments for an additional 4.5m sq km of land and 16m sq km of oceans to be given protected status in the next two years. This would put it on course to achieve one of the key aims of the 2010 Aichi biodiversity targets.
“This is the target with the most progress. In an ocean of bad news about biodiversity loss and eco-destruction, it is important to highlight that progress, though we still have a lot more to do to ensure not just the quantitive target but the effectiveness of the management,” said CristianaPa ca Palmer, the head of UN Biodiversity.
The creation of protected areas has not been enough to halt a collapse of species and ecosystems that threatens civilisation. Since 1970 humanity has wiped out 60% of mammal, bird, fish and reptile populations, with a dangerous knock-on impact on food production, fisheries and climate stability.
Protected areas are important refuges from this wave of extinctions but many are underfunded and poorly policed. Only one in five have provided management assessments to the UN, which has raised questions about the viability of the rest.
Naomi Kingston, of UN environment world conservation monitoring centre, said: “There is a race to deliver on Aichi target 11. It is fantastic that countries are coming with more ambition, but not if it is just a number without substance.
“Some areas that have been reported to us as protected areas have been completely built over. We need datasets to define which areas are paper parks and which are real.”
Developing nations have better reporting standards because many are obliged to provide regular assessments in order to qualify for funds from the Global Environment Fund. By contrast, many wealthier nations devote few resources to monitoring.
Discussions will focus on a new, more flexible category for community land that is used by locals for both agricultural production and wildlife conservation. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, this is a model that has often helped improve biodiversity because residents — often from indigenous communities — live closely with nature and have an interest in protecting it.
17．What promotes the achievement of the goals of marine nature reserves
A．Poor management of marine protected areas.
B．Loss of biodiversity and ecological destruction.
C．Rapid growth in the number of marine protected areas.
D．Commitments in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
18．What impact does the establishment of “paper parks”have on protected areas
A．They have promoted the expansion of marine protected areas.
B．They have little value for nature conservation.
C．They all turn into industrial zones.
D．They will slow down the collapse of ecosystems.
19．According to the passage, what is Kathy McKinnon’s point of view
A．NewZealand and the United States regulate fishing-ban zones.
B．In the near future, the number of marine refuges will increase by at least 10%.
C．The quantity and management quality of marine refuges are equally important.
D．Many countries have ambitions to achieve Aichi 11.
20．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．A recorded surge in the creation of marine protected areas.
B．Developing countries may receive funding from the Global Environment Facility.
C．The Increase of marine refuges and the views of relevant personnel.
D．Achieving Aichi 11 Goal.
（2022·山东·济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）The sunk cost effect is the ongoing investment of time, money and effort that an individual makes in any attempt, even if rationally the results appear unpromising. When any individual has already made an investment of time, money or effort, it becomes difficult to withdraw from the task. An error of judgement occurs when we fail to cut our losses—the sunk cost.
The simplest method of beating this error of judgement is to simply stop investing when it’s not producing results. As the age-old proverb goes, ‘Why cry over split milk ’ But we still can’t seem to do it ! Why
People perceive the same amount of losses and gains in a different light. This means that the same amount of losses will hurt more than an equal amount of gain. For example, if a business is going through heavy losses, one must decide to either shut it down or continue. Shutting it down is a definite loss of money, time and effort. People become risk-seeking when they are facing a definite loss. They will pump more money as a gamble to achieve a positive outcome. If there is a positive outcome and the business starts making a profit, this has given them a higher utility( 效用) than simply making profits from the beginning. They managed to rise up from a heavy loss, thereby giving higher satisfaction about the decision to continue investing.
We, however, will not choose to honor sunk costs on every occasion. This is especially true in the case of insurance. Let’s say that you have taken home insurance and probably never used it. You are not going to burn your house down just so you can utilize your house insurance.
21．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．Crying over split milk. B．Stopping investing.
C．Refusing judgement. D．Keeping finishing the task.
22．Which of the following situations may lead to sunk cost
A．Going on investing when your sales are increasing.
B．Breaking up with those who aren’t interested in you.
C．Continuing eating ordered food even if it tastes bad.
D．Keeping on working out when you’re a little thinner.
23．What might be the main cause of sunk effect
A．Fear of loss and expectation for better. B．Spirit of adventure and unwise decision.
C．Endless desire and ambition. D．Positive attitude and behavior.
24．Why is “house insurance” mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To describe. B．To persuade. C．To argue. D．To explain.
（2022·山东菏泽·二模）Scientists in Australia are testing printed solar panels to power a Tesla on a 15, 100-kilometer (9,400-mile) journey beginning in September, which they hope will get the public thinking about steps to help prevent climate change.
The Charge Around Australia (CAA) project will power a Tesla electric car with 18 of the team’s printed plastic solar panels, each 18 meters (59 feet) long, rolling them out beside the vehicle to absorb sunlight when it needs a charge.
Paul Dastoor, the inventor of the printed solar panels, said the University of Newcastle team would be testing not only the endurance of the panels but their potential performance for other applications. “This is actually an ideal test bed to give us information about how we would go about using and powering technology in other remote locations, for example, in space,” Dastoor told Reuters in the town of Gosforth, north of Sydney.
Printed solar is a lightweight, laminated (层压的) plastic that can be made at a cost of less than $10 a square meter. The panels are made on a commercial printer originally used for printing wine labels.
Dastoor said using the panels to power a car would get Australians to think more about electric vehicles and could help ease their “range anxiety.” The community is seeking these sorts of answers to the problems it’s being faced with, day in, day out, around climate change.
On their 84-day Tesla journey, the team plans to visit about 70 schools to give students a taste of what the future may hold. Asked what Elon Musk, creator of the Tesla car and founder of Tesla Inc TSLA．O, might say about the CAA project, Dastoor said he hoped he would be pleased. CAA was “showing how our innovative technology is now combining with his developments to develop new solutions for the planet”, Dastoor said.
25．What can we learn about the printed solar panel
A．It weighs a lot. B．It can be rolled and carried.
C．lt can be used at any time of a day. D．It has been applied to power gas cars.
26．What is “range anxiety” in Paragraph 5 probably about
A．The climate is getting worse. B．The solar panels are 100 long.
C．The solar panels are expensive. D．The endurance of the panels is poor.
27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Musk is pleased with the CAA project
B．Students are positive about their own future.
C．The electric car lasts 84 days on a single charge.
D．The CCA team and Musk are making efforts for climate changes.
28．Which can be the best title for the text
A．A new test on Tesla B．A new discovery in space
C．A breakthrough in solar panels D．A concern for climate changes
（2022·福建漳州·一模）
Could a sudden sharp increase in the size and variety of ancient life have been linked to dramatic changes deep inside the Earth About 550 million years ago, in the Cambrian (寒武纪)period of prehistory so many new animals appeared that the event is referred to as the “Cambrian explosion”. Scientists have long wondered what triggered the change, after billions of years in which life was mostly extremely small. Now it seems that the formation of Earth’s inner core—a solid iron ball at the centre of Earth—was crucial.
The inner core lies about 3,000 miles below Earth’s surface and is 1,500 miles across. It is surrounded by a liquid-metal outer core and is slowly growing as the liquid metal cools. Heat from the inner core powers swirling (旋转)movements in the liquid layer, which create a strong magnetic field (磁场)around Earth—a barrier that protects life by blocking harmful particles from outer space.
The magnetism-driving inner core seems to be a recent arrival, however. In 2019 a team led by Professor John Tarduno at the University of Rochester, New York, Us, analysed chemicals in ancient rocks from Quebec Canada, which trap a record of the magnetic field at the moment they formed. The team found that 565 million years ago, Earth’s magnetism had less than 10% of its strength today. This suggests that the swirling of liquid metal, which had always produced a protective magnetic force, was growing weak.
Now, further work has shown that the field’s strength started to recover just before the Cambrian explosion—almost certainly driven by the newly formed inner core providing a fresh power source. It seems highly likely that the two events are somehow linked.
“I don’t think that the return of Earth’s magnetic field and the subsequent explosion of life on Earth can be unconnected” says Tarduno. Working out the exact nature of the connection, however, will need a lot more scientific research.
29．What does the underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Restricted. B．Avoided. C．Caused. D．Slowed.
30．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The inner core’s features. B．The inner core’s structure.
C．The inner core’s motion. D．The inner core’s development.
31．What are the findings of Tarduno’s research team
A．Earth’s magnetism was very weak 565 million years ago.
B．The inner core acts as a barrier against harmful particles.
C．Ancient rocks’ chemicals save a record of the magnetic field.
D．The field’s strength started to weaken before the Cambrian explosion.
32．What future research will be probably carried out
A．Causes of the explosion of ancient life.
B．Evidence for the exact character of the link.
C．Research methods adopted by Tarduno-led team.
D．Explanations for the return of Earth’s magnetic field.
（2022·福建·三明一中模拟预测）In 2009, biologist Charles Anderson put forward an assumption that globe skimmer dragonflies (蜻蜓) on the Maldives had flown in from what he assumed was India. When they flew off again, it was towards East Africa. 12 years later, a group of researchers decided to investigate his claim.
Globe skimmer dragonflies are too small to be fitted with electronic devices. Instead, the researchers examined its physical aspects and calculated how long a globe skimmer dragonfly could stay in the air using the energy that can be stored in its body. In addition, the researchers used wind models to determine if there are winds that facilitate the migration in both directions.
“Our study shows that this migration from India to East Africa is actually possible. However, the globe skimmer dragonfly can’t manage it using only the fat in its body. It also requires favorable winds and these are present during certain periods of the year,” says Johanna Hedlund, a biology researcher at Lund University. According to the migration experiments using wind models, about 15 percent of the dragonflies could manage the migration from India to Africa in the spring. In the autumn, 40 percent could make the same journey in the opposite direction.
Johanna Hedlund and her colleagues consider it impressive that dragonflies can do this at all. Even more impressive is the fact that the globe skimmer dragonfly migration across the Indian Ocean is the longest in the animal kingdom in relation to an animal’s size.
Other animals also rely on favorable wind conditions when they migrate. Two examples are the amur falcon and the Jacobin cuckoo, which also fly across the Indian Ocean. The researchers warn that climate change may affect the chances of these birds and the globe skimmer dragonfly in the future. There is a risk that wind patterns will change when the water surface gets warmer.
33．How do the researchers mainly prove their assumption
A．By fitting electronic devices. B．By giving examples.
C．By performing experiments. D．By making comparisons.
34．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．The dragonfly flies using the fat in its body.
B．15 percent of the dragonflies left Africa for Africa.
C．The dragonfly flies the longest in the animal world.
D．Charles Anderson spotted dragonflies flying to India.
35．Why are two examples mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To illustrate how the animals fly.
B．To warn people of the climate change.
C．To evidence that water surface gets warmer.
D．To show the influence of wind on the migration.
36．What’s main idea of the text
A．Wind conditions are crucial to dragonflies.
B．Climate change may affect animals’ migration.
C．Dragonflies can migrate across the Indian Ocean.
D．Johanna and her colleagues investigate dragonflies.
（2022·河北沧州·模拟预测）Yesterday we said goodbye to my grandfather. He was 96 years old and he was my last grandparent.
It has been a while since I saw my grandpa in person. I think he only met my youngest Lilly once. It kind of pains me to think that I deprived(剥夺)my children of the chance to know their only great-grandparent. But I didn’t want them to know or remember a very old man, incapable of getting down on his knees to play with them, and laughing with them because he can’t hear what they’re saying. That’s not the grandfather I know.
My grandfather never stopped. He was an early-adopter to have a laptop-type-device long before Apple was a houschold word and he was programming video games for grandkids to play before most people knew what programming was. He kept physically fit every day of his life. In his later years, he kept busy playing tennis, ballroom dancing, swimming, bicycling. In the end, he didn’t lose a battle to any disease. His body simply could not go on anymore.
I feel extremely thankful to have had the opportunity to know my grandfather. Intentional or not, he taught me many lessons. My grandfather taught me to waterski when I was 5 years old and he taught me how to surf about a decade after that. Whenever I thought it’s too late for me to study a language or get better at piano, he made it clear that it’s only my fear holding me back, not age.
These lessons make life meaningful to me. I prefer to think of them as lessons for living a positive life that leaves a positive impression on me. That is something I will strive to do. Thanks to my grandfather, I have a pretty good blueprint to follow. So I guess the best thing I can offer my children to feel connected to that man is the lessons I learned from him.
37．Why did the author seldom take kids to their disabled great-grandfather
A．To promote the kids’ independence.
B．To keep the old man living a quiet life.
C．To prevent the kids from being frightened.
D．To avoid the kids having a bad impression of him.
38．How could the author’s grandfather keep fit
A．By eating apples everyday. B．By playing with little kids.
C．By living a simple life. D．By keeping exercising.
39．What can we infer about the author’s grandfather from paragraph 4
A．He was a surfing instructor. B．He was very encouraging.
C．He did everything with an intention. D．He studied a new language in his old age.
40．What is the best title of the text
A．Memories of My Grandfather B．Winning a Battle to Disease
C．Connecting the Generations D．Impression of My Childhood
（2022·河北秦皇岛·二模）Hua Sheng and Lu Sheng, a retired Tibetan couple, have become trailblazers (开拓者) of grape growing and winemaking in their old ages.
Lu Sheng learned grape planting and winemaking from her grandmother’s sister. Since they retired, the couple have moved to Lhasa from the village of Yakhadi. Though the fact that the region’s capital, which is 3,600 meters above sea level, is considered unfit for growing grapes, Lu Sheng and Hua Sheng began an ambitious project in 2015, planting grapes in Tsalna, a town in the suburb of Lhasa.
They received support from the local government, which is committed to developing business and the economy. The couple’s project provides jobs for rural residents, and, as a result, the government has considered the project part of its poverty relief program.
“Lhasa is an ideal place for planting French grape varieties that are resistant to cold, drought and disease, and adaptable to high-altitude and open-air planting,” Lu Sheng said.
“Thanks to the plateau’s sunshine and organic planting, our grapes grow very well here in Lhasa. The grapes are a bit sour and sweet, and they have a high anthocyanin (花青素) content,” she said. Anthocyanins, which accumulate (积累) in grape cells and contribute rich color to wine, are water-soluble(水溶性的).
In 2018, Hua Sheng and Lu Sheng expanded their project, planting on nearly 6.67 hectares. In order to familiarize Tibetan farmers with grape planting and winemaking, they taught the skills to local villagers.
“We have successfully taught the local farmers how to grow grapes and make wine over the three years. They now have a new source of income besides traditional farming and herding,” Hua Sheng said.
Yudron, a resident of Nam, said she was grateful to the grape planting project in her village, which has contributed to her income and quality of life. “After working in the vine-yards for years, now we know how to make wine. We drink both barley and grape wine now. We love grape wine more, though, as it is healthier.”
41．What did the couple do after their retirement
A．They grew grapes and made wine in Lhasa.
B．They made friends with a French expert.
C．They moved to another city from Lhasa.
D．They learned grape planting from Hua Sheng’s grandmother.
42．Why was the couple’s project thought of as part of a poverty relief program
A．They donated grapes to local schools.
B．They employed local residents as workers.
C．They provided free wine for villagers.
D．They expanded the project with the local government.
43．Which is the function of anthocyanins
A．They make grapes more delicious.
B．They provide adequate colors for wine.
C．They make grapes a bit sour and sweet.
D．They can accelerate the growth of grapes.
44．For the project conducted by the couple, Yudron is ________.
A．indifferent B．cautious
C．appreciative D．concerned
（2022·湖南·益阳市教育科学研究院模拟预测）As more Americans are vaccinated (接种疫苗) against COVID-19, reunions among loved ones are becoming increasingly frequent and, for many, hugging is the main event.
Alcantara, a student at Loyola Marymount University, US, and her grandmother live a 25-minute drive apart in the San Fernando Valley. But they hadn’t been in the same room since February 2020.
When Alcantara graduated from high school last spring, she stood on her grandma’s front porch in her cap and gown (学位服), so the older woman, her only living grandparent, could see her through the window.
But by April 3, her grandmother’s 95th birthday, Alcantara had been fully vaccinated. They could safely embrace. “It felt like time hadn’t really moved, but I know so much time has passed,” said Alcantara. “Just putting her head over my head, I just felt so warm and so loved.”
Many of the newly vaccinated can recall their first hugs. Those who declared themselves non-huggers before 2020 say they’ve been transformed by a year of “touch deprivation (剥夺)”. Some friends are going so far as to plan hug dates. Most humans expect physical touch from friends and family and feel they need it to maintain their close relationships, experts say. Hugs are a way of saying hello, offering support, asking for love, sharing joy and communicating emotions that may not be translated into words.
For most of the past year, people were warned to stay six feet away from everyone outside their household. But as vaccinations picked up pace, it was believed that it’s safe for vaccinated people to be in close contact with small numbers of other people.
That opened the door for hugging. Grandmother and grand-daughter plan to restart their Saturday dates. There will be more hugs.
45．When could Alcantara and her grandmother have healthy contact with each other
A．Since February 2020. B．By the time Alcantara graduated.
C．Before April 3. D．Since her grandmother’s 95th birthday.
46．What made those Americans declaring themselves non-huggers before 2020 change
A．They recalled their first hugs.
B．They were newly vaccinated.
C．They were going to plan hug dates.
D．They had been unable to touch others for a year.
47．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of hugging mentioned in the article
A．Greeting others. B．Sharing happiness.
C．Asking for advice. D．Providing support.
48．Which of the following can be used as the best title of the article
A．A year of “touch deprivation”. B．Reopen the door of embrace.
C．Vaccinated against COVID-19. D．Alcantara and her considerate grandmother.
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了越来越多的国家正在推出或讨论第四剂新冠疫苗的可能性，包括接种时间及接种人群。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“more nations are rolling out, or are discussing the possibility of, fourth doses of coronavirus vaccine for their most vulnerable.(更多的国家正在为其最脆弱的人群推出或讨论第四剂新冠疫苗的可能性)”可知，许多国家正在努力研发第四剂新冠疫苗，希望使人们能够接种第四针。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The United Kingdom’s Department of Health and Social Care announced Monday that an extra booster dose of coronavirus vaccine will be offered in the spring to adults 75 and older, residents in care homes for older adults and immunosuppressed people 12 and older.(英国卫生和社会福利部周一宣布，额外的新冠疫苗加强针将于春季提供给75岁及以上的成年人、老年人护理院的居民以及12岁及以上免疫功能不全的人群)”可知，英国12岁及以上的免疫功能不全的人群将接受加强针。C项正确。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, the US Food and Drug Administration is indeed continually looking at the emerging data on the pandemic and variants in the United States and overseas in order to evaluate the potential utility and composition of booster doses.(现在，美国食品药品监督管理局确实在继续关注美国和海外的疫情及其变体的新数据，以评估加强剂量的潜在效用和组成)”可知，美国食品药品监督管理局正在通过分析相关数据评估加强剂量的可能影响。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了越来越多的国家正在推出或讨论第四剂新冠疫苗的可能性，包括接种时间及接种人群，列举了以色列、瑞典、英国及美国关于第四剂新冠疫苗的情况。故本文是一篇新闻报道，可能来自某个新闻网站。故选A项。
5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神州13载人飞船成功返回的历史意义以及在其速度、温度控制和着陆方面的技术性突破。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“China welcomed three heroic astronauts home on April 16. The re-entry module carrying Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu touched down safely at the designated Dongfeng Landing Site in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission. (4月16日，中国欢迎三名英雄的宇航员回国。载有翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富的返回舱在内蒙古自治区东风指定着陆点安全着陆。结束了神舟十三号宇航员为期六个月的太空任务)”以及第二段“This return marks a major breakthrough for China’s efforts in space. Let’s look at some of the technical details of the mission. (这次着陆标志着中国在太空领域取得了重大突破。让我们看看任务的一些技术细节)”可知，第一段的作用是引出文章将要探讨的话题——这次航天任务的技术细节。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“This time Shenzhou XIII shortened the time to about 9 hours, orbiting the Earth five times. (这次神舟十三号将时间缩短到9小时左右，绕地球运行了5圈)”可知，神州13号围绕地球转5圈要9小时，因此转一圈要1.8小时。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段“This approach required more precise control of the spacecraft and more accurate orbital calculations. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it could quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude. (这种方法需要对航天器进行更精确的控制和更精确的轨道计算。这意味着，当航天器分离时，它可以快速瞄准着陆区域，计算返回路径，并调整其高度)”可知，题目中②③④⑤是正确的。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They also laid a layer of ablative material that sublimated and fell off when the temperature reached a certain level, taking a lot of heat with it. (他们还铺设了一层烧蚀材料，当温度达到一定水平时，这些材料升华并脱落，带走大量热量)”可知，烧蚀材料在一定温度下，升华脱落，带走了热量。故选C项。
9．B 10．C 11．D 12．D
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2020年12月17日，中国航天器嫦娥五号返回地球，带回了自20世纪70年代以来在地球上从未见过的东西——月球岩石样本。文章介绍了月球岩石样品的意义以及嫦娥项目的一些目标和计划。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The returned lunar samples will “absolutely add new knowledge of the history of the moon, particularly its volcanoes,” says Xiao Long, a planetary scientist at China University of Geosciences. The rocks sent back by Chang’e-5 “will ask us to rethink about why and how the moon’s volcanic history lasted this long,” he says.(中国地质大学的行星科学家肖龙表示，返回的月球样本“绝对会增加关于月球历史，特别是其火山的新知识”。嫦娥五号发回的岩石“将让我们重新思考月球的火山历史为何以及如何持续了这么长时间，”他说)”可知，第二段主要讲了月球岩石样品的意义。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段的“This precious cargo, collected by Chang’e-5’s robotic research vehicle in the northwest region of the lunar near side, is now being studied by scientists in Beijing.”（这批珍贵的货物是由嫦娥五号的机器人研究车在月球西北部附近收集的，目前北京的科学家正在对其进行研究。）和第四段中“In the near future, an identical spacecraft called Chang’e-6 will attempt a sample-return mission from the moon’s south pole—an area of intense scientific interest-given the large amount of water ice present.(在不久的将来，一艘名为“嫦娥六号”的相同航天器将尝试从月球南极进行采样返回任务——月球南极是一个让人们有着浓厚科学兴趣的区域——因为那里存在大量的水冰)”可知，嫦娥六号和嫦娥五号的任务不同在于探索的位置不同。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The more advanced Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 spacecraft are also planned to land near the south pole to carry out analysis of the region and test new technologies, including detecting and obtaining materials that could be useful to future human explorers, such as water and hydrogen, and testing 3D printing on the lunar surface.(更先进的嫦娥七号和嫦娥八号航天器也计划在南极附近着陆，对该地区进行分析并测试新技术，包括探测和获取可能对未来人类探索者有用的材料，如水和氢，并测试月球表面的3D打印)”可知，“嫦娥七号”和“嫦娥八号”的空间任务主要是寻找和测试支持在月球上生活的资源和方法。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The long-term aim of the Chang’s program is to establish an International Lunar Research Station around 2030 to support robotic and, eventually, crewed missions.(嫦娥计划的长期目标是在2030年左右建立一个国际月球研究站，以支持机器人和最终载人任务)”结合上文提到的嫦娥五号、六号以及七八号的任务可推知，嫦娥计划一系列越来越具有挑战性的月球科学探索。故选D。
13．A 14．C 15．D 16．A
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章对一位外国抖音网红进行了报道。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Every day, Sami livestreams (网络直播) on Douyin (China’s domestic version of TikTok) for one or two hours, promoting his toys to Chinese buyers. ”（萨米每天都会在抖音(中国版的TikTok)上直播一两个小时，向中国买家推销他的玩具。）可知，萨米开始直播来增加他玩具的销量。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He now has only about 28,000 followers on Douyin but his goal is to have 10 million followers within two years.”（他现在在抖音上只有大约2.8万名粉丝，但他的目标是在两年内拥有1000万名粉丝。）可知，萨米在抖音上的视频吸引了大量粉丝。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Sami decided to try livestreaming and look for more Chinese domestic buyers via Douyin.”（萨米决定尝试直播，并通过抖音寻找更多的中国国内买家。）可知，COVID-19对Sami的影响是他努力吸引更多的中国买家。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The college is offering its overseas students courses on China’s livestream selling market, which include how to attract more followers, how to select suitable products, how to interact with audiences and how to shoot and edit short videos.”（该学院正在中国的直播销售市场上为海外学生提供课程，包括如何吸引更多的粉丝，如何选择合适的产品，如何与观众互动，以及如何拍摄和编辑短视频。）可知，最后一段的内容和Sami本身没有太多关系，所以是为了提供背景信息。故选A。
17．C 18．B 19．B 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海洋保护区的建立出现了创纪录的激增。说明了保护区几乎所有的增长都发生在海洋地区，文章引述了不同的人对此的看法和评价以及保护区未来的发展等。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“A record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the international community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world’s land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report.(联合国一份新报告称，海洋保护区的创建激增，使国际社会接近其到2020年在世界17%的陆地和10%的海洋上建立自然保护区的目标)”可知，海洋保护区数量迅速增长推动了海洋自然保护区目标的实现。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some reserves are little more than “paper parks” with little value to nature conservation.(有些保护区不过是“纸公园”，对自然保护没有什么价值)”可知，“纸公园”的建立对自然保护没有什么价值。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段““We have seen an enormous expansion in the past two years. There is now more marine protected area than terrestrial, which nobody would have predicted,” said Kathy McKinnon of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. “I think we’ll continue to see a substantial increase, I’d guess, to at least 10% in the near future.”(“过去两年，我们看到了巨大的扩张。国际自然保护联盟的Kathy McKinnon说:“现在海洋保护区比陆地保护区要多，这是没有人预料到的。”“我认为，我们将继续看到大幅增长，我猜，在不久的将来，至少会达到10%。”)”可知，Kathy McKinnon认为在不久的将来，海洋保护区的数量将增加至少10%。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the international community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world’s land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report.(联合国一份新报告称，海洋保护区的创建激增，使国际社会接近其到2020年在世界17%的陆地和10%的海洋上建立自然保护区的目标)”结合文章还说明了保护区几乎所有的增长都发生在海洋地区，文章引述了不同的人对此的看法和评价以及保护区未来的发展等。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是海洋保护区的建立出现了创纪录的激增。故选A。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“沉没成本效应”在我们实际生活中的体现。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“The simplest method of beating this error of judgement is to simply stop investing when it’s not producing results. As the age-old proverb goes, ‘Why cry over split milk ’(克服这种判断错误的最简单的方法就是在没有结果的时候停止投资。正如那句古老的谚语所说:“牛奶洒了，何必哭呢？”)”，这里的it指的是 “Stopping investing”，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The sunk cost effect is the ongoing investment of time, money and effort that an individual makes in any attempt, even if rationally the results appear unpromising. When any individual has already made an investment of time, money or effort, it becomes difficult to withdraw from the task. An error of judgement occurs when we fail to cut our losses—the sunk cost.(沉没成本效应是指个人在任何尝试中持续投入的时间、金钱和努力，即使从理性上看结果似乎不太理想。当个人已经投入了时间、金钱或精力时，就很难从任务中抽身。当我们无法减少损失，即沉没成本时，就会出现判断失误。)”可知，C选项“即使食物味道并不好，但依然继续吃自己点的食物”符合题意，故选C。
23．推理判断题。由第三段的“People become risk-seeking when they are facing a definite loss. They will pump more money as a gamble to achieve a positive outcome.(当人们面临明确的损失时，他们就会变得冒险。他们将投入更多的资金作为一种赌博，以获得积极的结果。)”可知，沉没效应的主要原因可能是害怕失去，期待更好。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We, however, will not choose to honor sunk costs on every occasion. This is especially true in the case of insurance.(然而，我们不会选择在任何场合都尊重沉没成本。在保险业中尤其如此。)”可知，提及“家庭保险”是为了进一步解释说明“我们不会在任何情况下都考虑沉没成本”，故选D。
25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚科学家正在测试印刷太阳能电池板，以驱动特拉斯从9月份开始的15100公里的旅程，他们希望这能促使公众思考有助于防止气候变化的措施。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Charge Around Australia (CAA) project will power a Tesla electric car with 18 of the team’s printed plastic solar panels, each 18 meters (59 feet) long, rolling them out beside the vehicle to absorb sunlight when it needs a charge.(CAA项目降为特斯拉电动汽车提供动力，特斯拉电动汽车将使用该团队的18块印刷塑料太阳能电池板，每块长18米，当它需要充电时，就将它们取下来，铺开在车旁边以吸收阳光)”可知，这款印刷太阳能电池板是可以卷起来，可以携带的。故选B。
26．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段range anxiety后文的内容“The community is seeking these sorts of answers to the problems it’s being faced with, day in, day out, around climate change.(社区一直在寻找正面临的这些关于气候变化问题的答案)”的提示可知，此处的range anxiety指代的是后文所提到的气候变化的问题。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“CAA was “showing how our innovative technology is now combining with his developments to develop new solutions for the planet”, Dastoor said.(“CAA展现的是，我们的创新技术是如何与他的发展结合起来找到我们地球环境问题的新的解决方法，”Dastoor说道)”可知，CAA团队和Musk共同合作，探究解决地球环境问题的方法。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Australia are testing printed solar panels to power a Tesla on a 15, 100-kilometer (9,400-mile) journey beginning in September(澳大利亚科学家正在测试印刷太阳能电池板，以驱动特拉斯从9月份开始的15100公里的旅程)”以及后文每段对于印刷太阳能电池板的介绍可知，本文主要围绕科学家新发明的印刷太阳能电池板展开，故C项“太阳能电池板的突破”符合本文标题。故选C。
29．C 30．A 31．A 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个研究表明地球内核所产生的磁场和地球上生命的爆发之间存在联系。该研究还在进一步证明这种联系的确切性。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前一句话“About 550 million years ago, in the Cambrian (寒武纪)period of prehistory so many new animals appeared that the event is referred to as the “Cambrian explosion”. (大约5.5亿年前，在史前寒武纪时期，出现了许多新的动物，这一事件被称为“寒武纪爆炸”)”以及下一句“Now it seems that the formation of Earth’s inner core—a solid iron ball at the centre of Earth—was crucial.(现在看来，地球内核的形成——地球中心的一个实心铁球——至关重要)”可知，在史前寒武纪时期，出现了许多新的动物，这一事件被称为“寒武纪爆炸”，所以科学家们一直在想是什么导致这个现象的出现。所以划线单词的意思是“导致”。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一二句话“The inner core lies about 3,000 miles below Earth’s surface and is 1,500 miles across. It is surrounded by a liquid-metal outer core and is slowly growing as the liquid metal cools. Heat from the inner core powers swirling (旋转)movements in the liquid layer, which create a strong magnetic field (磁场)around Earth—a barrier that protects life by blocking harmful particles from outer space.(内核位于地球表面以下约3000英里处，直径1500英里。它被液态金属外芯包围，并随着液态金属冷却而缓慢生长。来自内核的热量推动了液态层的旋转运动，从而在地球周围形成了一个强大的磁场——一个通过阻止来自外太空的有害粒子进入来保护生命的屏障。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了地球内核的特征。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“The team found that 565 million years ago, Earth’s magnetism had less than 10% of its strength today. (研究小组发现，5.65亿年前，地球的磁场强度不到今天的10%)”可知，塔杜诺研究团队发现5.65亿年前地球的磁性非常弱。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“Working out the exact nature of the connection, however, will need a lot more scientific research.(然而，要弄清这种联系的确切性质，还需要更多的科学研究)”可推知，接下来要继续研究地球磁场的恢复和地球上生命爆发之间的联系的确切证据。故选B。
33．C 34．A 35．D 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明蜻蜓可以利用风完成跨越印度洋的迁徙。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to the migration experiments using wind models, about 15 percent of the dragonflies could manage the migration from India to Africa in the spring. (根据利用风模型进行的迁徙实验，大约15%的蜻蜓能够在春天完成从印度到非洲的迁徙。)”可知，研究人员主要是通过实验来证明他们的假设的。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the globe skimmer dragonfly can’t manage it using only the fat in its body. It also requires favorable winds and these are present during certain periods of the year.(然而，全球掠食蜻蜓无法仅靠体内的脂肪来解决这个问题。它还需要有利的风，而这种风在一年中的某些时候会出现。)”可知，这种蜻蜓在飞行中会依靠体内的脂肪来完成迁徙。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Other animals also rely on favorable wind conditions when they migrate. Two examples are the amur falcon and the Jacobin cuckoo, which also fly across the Indian Ocean. (其他动物在迁徙时也依赖有利的风力条件。两个例子是阿穆尔猎鹰和雅各宾杜鹃，它们也飞越印度洋。)”可知，本段提到了两个例子是为了展示风对迁徙的影响。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段中“Our study shows that this migration from India to East Africa is actually possible. (我们的研究表明，这种从印度到东非的迁徙实际上是可能的。)”和“According to the migration experiments using wind models, about 15 percent of the dragonflies could manage the migration from India to Africa in the spring. (根据利用风模型进行的迁徙实验，大约15%的蜻蜓能够在春天完成从印度到非洲的迁徙。)”以及第四段中“Even more impressive is the fact that the globe skimmer dragonfly migration across the Indian Ocean is the longest in the animal kingdom in relation to an animal’s size. (更令人印象深刻的事实是，全球蜻蜓跨越印度洋的迁徙是动物王国中最长的，相对于动物的大小。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明蜻蜓可以利用风完成跨越印度洋的迁徙。故选C项。
37．D 38．D 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者祖父去世了，作者对祖父的回忆，作者从祖父身上学到了宝贵的东西。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段“It kind of pains me to think that I deprived(剥夺)my children of the chance to know their only great-grandparent. But I didn’t want them to know or remember a very old man, incapable of getting down on his knees to play with them, and laughing with them because he can’t hear what they’re saying. That’s not the grandfather I know. (想到我剥夺了孩子们认识他们唯一曾祖父的机会，我就有点难过。但我不想让他们知道或记住一个非常老的人，不能屈膝下来和他们玩，不能和他们一起笑，因为他听不到他们在说什么。那不是我认识的祖父。) ”可知作者不想让自己的孩子看到祖父老了的样子，给自己的孩子留下不好的印象，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“He kept physically fit every day of his life. In his later years, he kept busy playing tennis, ballroom dancing, swimming, bicycling. In the end, he didn’t lose a battle to any disease. His body simply could not go on anymore. (他一生中每天都保持健康的身体。在他的晚年，他一直忙于打网球，交际舞，游泳，骑自行车。最后，他没有输给任何疾病。他的身体只是无法继续了。)”可知作者的祖父一直坚持锻炼来保持身体健康，故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“I feel extremely thankful to have had the opportunity to know my grandfather. Intentional or not, he taught me many lessons. My grandfather taught me to waterski when I was 5 years old and he taught me how to surf about a decade after that. Whenever I thought it’s too late for me to study a language or get better at piano, he made it clear that it’s only my fear holding me back, not age. (我非常感谢有机会认识我的祖父。不管有意无意，他给了我很多宝贵的课程。我祖父在我5岁的时候教我滑水，大约10年后他又教我如何冲浪。每当我觉得学一门语言或提高钢琴已经太晚的时候，他就会明确地告诉我，阻碍我的只是我的恐惧，而不是年龄。)”可知在我学习的时候，祖父给予我很多鼓励，因此我的祖父是鼓舞人心的，故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是最后一段“These lessons make life meaningful to me. I prefer to think of them as lessons for living a positive life that leaves a positive impression on me. That is something I will strive to do. Thanks to my grandfather, I have a pretty good blueprint to follow. So I guess the best thing I can offer my children to feel connected to that man is the lessons I learned from him.( 这些课程让我的生活变得有意义。我更愿意把它们看作是积极生活的课程，给我留下积极的印象。这是我要努力做到的。多亏了我的祖父，我有了一个很好的蓝图可以遵循。所以我想我能给我的孩子们的最好的东西就是我从他身上学到的东西。)”可知全文都是对祖父的回忆，祖父教会了我很多宝贵的东西，故A选项符合文章大意，适合做标题，故选A。
41．A 42．B 43．B 44．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊，在那里种葡萄并酿制葡萄酒，并为农村居民提供工作，促进了当地经济的发展。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hua Sheng and Lu Sheng, a retired Tibetan couple, have become trailblazers (开拓者) of grape growing and winemaking in their old ages.(Hua Sheng和Lu Sheng是一对退休的藏族夫妇，在晚年已成为葡萄种植和酿酒的开拓者)”及第二段的 “Lu Sheng learned grape planting and winemaking from her grandmother’s sister. Since they retired, the couple have moved to Lhasa from the village of Yakhadi.(Lu Sheng从祖母的姐姐那里学习葡萄种植和酿酒。退休后，这对夫妇从Yakhadi村搬到了拉萨)”可知，这对夫妻在拉萨种植葡萄并酿制葡萄酒。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“They received support from the local government, which is committed to developing business and the economy. The couple’s project provides jobs for rural residents, and, as a result, the government has considered the project part of its poverty relief program.(他们得到了当地政府的支持，当地政府致力于发展商业和经济。这对夫妇的项目为农村居民提供了就业机会，因此，政府已将该项目视为其扶贫计划的一部分)”可知，因为他们的项目为农村居民提供工作，雇佣当地居民当工人，所以被当地政府认为是扶贫项目。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第五段的“Anthocyanins, which accumulate (积累) in grape cells and contribute rich color to wine, are water-soluble.(花青素在葡萄细胞中积累并为葡萄酒提供丰富的颜色，是水溶性的)”可知，花青素为葡萄酒提供了丰富的颜色。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yudron, a resident of Nam, said she was grateful to the grape planting project in her village, which has contributed to her income and quality of life.(南村居民Yudron说，她很感激村里的葡萄种植项目，该项目为她的收入和生活质量做出了贡献)”推知，对于Hua Sheng和Lu Sheng的葡萄种植项目，Yudron是心怀感激的。故选C。
45．D 46．D 47．C 48．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了因为越来越多的美国人接种了新冠疫苗，亲人团聚越来越频繁，人们可以开始拥抱。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句话“But by April 3, her grandmother’s 95th birthday, Alcantara had been fully vaccinated. They could safely embrace.(但到4月3日，她祖母95岁生日时，阿尔坎塔拉已经完全接种了疫苗。她们可以安全地拥抱)”可知，在四月三号，也就是她祖母95岁生日时，她们才可以健康地接触。故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话“ Those who declared themselves non-huggers before 2020 say they’ve been transformed by a year of “touch deprivation (剥夺)”.(那些在2020年之前宣布自己不是拥抱者的人表示，他们已经被一年的“触摸剥夺”所改变)”可知，一年来一直无法接触他人让那些在2020年之前宣布自己不拥抱的美国人改变了。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据第五段第四、五句话“Most humans expect physical touch from friends and family and feel they need it to maintain their close relationships, experts say. Hugs are a way of saying hello, offering support, asking for love, sharing joy and communicating emotions that may not be translated into words.(专家表示，大多数人都希望朋友和家人的身体接触，并认为他们需要这种接触来维持亲密关系。拥抱是一种打招呼、提供支持、寻求爱、分享喜悦和交流情感的方式，这些都可能无法用语言表达)”可知，相互拥抱是打招呼的方式，而且能够提供支持，分享快乐。所以“寻求建议”不属于拥抱的好处。故选C。
48．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了因为越来越多的美国人接种了新冠疫苗，亲人团聚越来越频繁。因为疫苗的接种，人们可以开始拥抱。结合最后一段“That opened the door for hugging. Grandmother and grand-daughter plan to restart their Saturday dates. There will be more hugs.(这为拥抱打开了大门。祖母和孙女计划重新开始周六的约会。会有更多的拥抱)”可知，B项“重新打开拥抱的大门”适合作本文的标题。故选B。