课件45张PPT。第十一讲 复合句语法专题复习一、名词性从句考点透析
1.that无词义,在从句中不作成分。当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,that不能省。例如:
(1)That he will refuse the offer is impossible.
(2)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
2.whether,if都可引导名词性从句,但需注意下列几点:
(1)在句首引导主语从句时,只能用whether。
Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(2)if不能引导表语从句。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
(3)if不能引导介词后的宾语从句。
Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.
(4)如果宾语从句是否定句时,只能用if。
I asked Pave if he hadn't decided what he would say at the meeting.(5)discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。doubt作“怀疑”解、后接宾语从句时,如果主句是肯定的,宾语从句用whether或if引导,如果主句是否定的,宾语从句只能用that引导。例如:
(1)We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect.
(2)I doubt whether/if he is fit for his office.
(3)I don't doubt that he can do it very well.3.wh-词既有词义(该词基本的词汇意义),又在名词性从句中充当成分。因此,在选择wh-词时,既要考虑该词的基本意义,又要考虑它在从句中的作用。例如:
(1)-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that why you had a few days off?
(why引导表语从句,在从句中作原因状语)
(2)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
(whatever引导宾语从句,并在从句中作wants的宾语)(3)A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.(what 引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)
(4)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语)
4.do you think,do you suppose,do you believe等后接疑问词连接的宾语从句时,疑问词应移至句首,从句用陈述句语序。Since you have seen both fighters,who do you think will win?
5.I think,I suppose,I believe等后接否定句作宾语从句时,要把否定转移到主句。
I don't think you are right.(不能说:I think you are not right.)二、定语从句考点透析
1.注意关系代词that的用法,例如:
(1)All that can be done has been done.
(2)I have read all the books that you gave me.
(3)Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.2.关于“介词+关系代词”。
能做介词宾语的关系代词只有whom 和which,先行词指人时用whom,先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则,一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配,二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如:(1)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30,by which many people have got home. (根据句意,用by which,意为“到这个时候”)
(2)In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配)3.当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时,不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导,需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是:关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语,即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词,但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话,仍然应用关系代词which,that。例如:
It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,when for the first time their team won the World Cup.比较:This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语)
This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语)
I'll never forget the days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语)
I'll never forget the days which we spent together. (which是spent的宾语)4.是用关系代词还是用其他代词。
如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开,要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话,考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and,but,or,so等词,它就是并列分句,要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and,but,or,so等词,它就是一个非限制性定语从句,因此应选用关系代词。例如:(1)Alice received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.
(2)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didn't help.
(3)I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers,which has a great effect on me.5.as,which引导的非限制性定语从句。
as,which都可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是,as除了引导定语从句外,还有“正如”、“像······一样”的词汇意义,which没有这个意思。此外,在句首引导非限制性定语从句时, 只能用as。例如: As
宾语You
主语can see,
谓语he is very successful as a writer.We collected money for these poor children, as
主语had been decided
谓语at the meeting.
状语She always criticized Tom,which
主语made
谓语him
宾语very unhappy.
宾语补足语6.如果先行词是way,可用that,in which引导定语从句,或不用关系代词。例如:
I don't like the way that he spoke to me.
I don't like the way in which he spoke to me.
I don't like the way he spoke to me.三、 状语从句考点透析
1.when,while,as。
它们都引导时间状语从句,都可做“当······时候”解。when意为“在······时刻或时期”,它可指“时间点”或“时间段”,除此之外,when还可作“既然”解释。as意为“一边······一边”或“随着······”,着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。while只指“时间段”,意为“在······期间”,它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词。while还可用作并列连词,意为“而,但”,表对比转折。例如:(1)-I'm going to the post office.
-While you are there,can you get me some stamps?
(2)They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn't.
(3)As the day went on,the weather got worse.
(4)The train had just started when we arrived at the station.
(5)Why do you want a new job when you've got a good one already?2.the moment,the second,the minute,as soon as,directly,immediately都是“一······就······”的意思。the first time,the last time作连词时,意为“当第一次······的时候”、“当最后一次······的时候”。no sooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when也是“一······就······”之意,但它们有时态限制,前面部分用过去完成时,后面用一般过去式。如果no sooner,hardly,scarcely在句首,句子要用倒装语序。(请参阅“倒装”)例如:(1)-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
-Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.
(2)I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.3.before的惯用句型。
It be+time+before...要过多久才······
It be+not+time before...不要多久就······
当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时,全句译为“来不及······就”或“不等······就”。(1)It was not long before I forgot it all.
没过多久我就把这事全忘了。
(2)The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.4.注意because,as,since,for的区别。
5.where引导定语从句时,需跟在一个表示地点的名词后;引导地点状语从句时,跟在一个句子后,注意不要把它们混淆起来。例如:
(1)After the war,a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.(2)You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
(3)After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
(1)、(2)中where引导的是地点状语从句,where前是一个句子。(3)中的where前有地点名词 small town,是一个定语从句。6.no matter+wh-与wh-ever (无论······,不管······)。
no matter+wh-只可引导让步状语从句,wh-ever则既可引导让步状语从句,又能引导名词性从句。当wh-ever引导让步状语从句时,可与no matter+wh-互换。例如:
(1)We'll have to finish the job,however long it takes.
(however long it takes是让步状语从句,相当于 no matter how long it takes)
(2)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
(whoever引导主语从句,不能改成 no matter who)强化训练一名词性从句
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求,在空白处填上适当的词。
1.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)It is by no means clear ________ the president can do to end the strike.
2.(2012·陕西卷)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.whichever what3.(2012·山东卷)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or ____________.
4.(2012·山东卷)It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
5.(2012·重庆卷)Evidence has been found through years of study __________ children's early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
6.(2012·四川卷)Scientists study ________ human brains work to make computers.how whoeverwhetherthat7.(2012·江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
8.(2012·浙江卷)I made a promise to myself________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
9.(2012·辽宁卷)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for __________he could find about Mark Twain.whateverthatthat10.(2012·北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.
11.(2012·上海卷)There is much truth in the idea ________kindness is usually served by frankness.
12.(2012·上海卷)—We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
—No,________I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.thatthatwhat13.(2012·天津卷)It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
14.(2012·江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
15.(2012·安徽卷)The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.whetherwhetherthat强化训练二定语从句
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求,在空白处填上适当的词。
1.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
2.(2012·山东卷)Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.whichwhich3.(2012·重庆卷)Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
4.(2012·四川卷)In our class there are 46 students, ________ half wear glasses.
5.(2012·江西卷)By 16:30, ________was almost clo-sing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
6.(2012·浙江卷)We live in an age ________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.whichof whom wherewhen7.(2012·浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
8.(2012·北京卷)When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
9.(2012·上海卷)Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ________ you received gifts?
10.(2012·天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________help I would never have got this far.whose whowhichwhom11.(2012·江苏卷)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
12.(2012·安徽卷)A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
13.(2012·湖南卷)Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.in whichwho as14.(2012·福建卷)The air quality in the city, _______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
15.(2012·陕西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race, ________ has surprised us all.whichas强化训练三状语从句
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求,在空白处填上适当的词。
1.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I don't believe we've met before, ________ I must say you do look familiar.
2.(2012·陕西卷)Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.althoughas3.(2012·陕西卷)All the photographs in this book, ________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
4.(2012·山东卷)He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
5.(2012·山东卷)A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
6.(2012·重庆卷)—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injure.unlessaswherebecause7.(2012·四川卷)At school, some students are active ________ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
8.(2012·四川卷)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
9.(2012·浙江卷)Mike was usually so careful, ______ this time he made a small mistake.
10.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)This restaurant wasn't half as good ________ that other restaurant we went to.whilewhereyetas11.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phone me to go back home at once.
12.(2012·上海卷)I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly ________the airlines lower ticket prices.
13.(2012·上海卷)The map is one of the best tools a man has ___________he goes to a new place.whenunlesswhenever14.(2012·天津卷)Everything was placed exactly ________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
15.(2012·湖南卷)________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.Whilewhere专题训练广东各地市历年模拟题演练
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求,在空白处填上适当的词。
1.The cat wondered how he would get across ________ he was afraid of water.
2.___________the lazy pig reached the finish line in 12th place the race was over and he was awarded the final place on the calendar.because/asWhen/After3.From that day on,the cat, ________never finished and lost his place on the calendar, became the enemy of the rat.
4.I followed her into her kitchen, ________I smelled the wonderful Korean foods I was coming to love.
5.I blew kisses into it __________it was all full. The father was crushed.
6.______________he was discouraged or faced difficult pro-blems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss.whowhereuntilWhenever/When7.________Patricia Dunn came to be forced out after less than two years is an interesting story.
8.It involves Hewlett-Packard's use of investigator(调查员)________gained private telephone records of board members and reporters.
9.Commonly they identify themselves as the person ________records they look for.
10.Convincing ________ this slogan was, in truth the shopper was cheated out of the crown.Howwho/thatwhoseas/though11.________our survey shows, consumer power has great implications for companies, because it is changing the way the world shop.Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”.
12.He seldom answered questions for fear ________ he might be wrong.
13.But nothing changed until midterm, __________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.Asthatwhen14.Children ________ can hear learn languages without any particular effort.
15.But________ my knowledge of things grew and I learned more and more words, I could ask more questions.whoas感谢您的使用,退出请按ESC键本小节结束