人教版（2019）>选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元易错综合练习（PDF版有答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）>选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元易错综合练习（PDF版有答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-10 17:01:36 | ||
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Unit 1 单元易错综合练习
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考
证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共 30 分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Amazing Scientists Who Happen to Be Teenagers
We’ve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.
Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage. He says that the paper sensor is
168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays.
He’s the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变). He was inspired by The
Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.
Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it
at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research.
Sara Volz
Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae (藻类) based on their oil output for the purpose of
growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to
reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent
Search.
Daniel Burd
Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose (分解), but this high school student Daniel Burd
managed to do it in three months. In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt
together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria (细菌) responsible
for decomposing the plastics.
His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used
elsewhere.
1．Who invented a medical instrument
A．Jack Andraka. B．Taylor Wilson. C．Sara Volz. D．Daniel Burd.
2．What excited Taylor Wilson’s interest in his invention
A．A travel program. B．Plastic pollution. C．Energy shortage. D．A story book.
3．What do we know about Daniel Burd’s invention
A．It is made from plastics. B．It does little harm to the environment.
C．It was completed in three months. D．It is widely used in everyday waste.
B
The next time you have cheese loudly, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad
milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the
cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (接种疫苗), which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his experiments, he accidentally
spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every
chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time
he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera
helped, his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different
vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our
body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come across the same bacteria which
are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He
founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university, to teach microbiology and today there
are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to
thank.
4．What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
C．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
D．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
5．What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B．Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C．All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures.
6．What is the function of the process of vaccination
A．It builds up people’s body. B．Without it, people will die.
C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick healthy.
7．What is the purpose of the article
A．To show the discoveries of the vaccination.
B．To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur.
C．To introduce an important invention in microbiology.
D．To honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
C
Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. His father was a Fellow of the Royal Society（the elite
circle of top British scientists），his mother was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood，the man who founded the
famous Wedgwood Potteries，and his grandfather，Erasmus Darwin，was a famous physician，thinker and
philosopher who，like his grandson，spent much time studying the evolution of life.
After a childhood in the town of Shrewsbury，where he was educated at the Grammar School，Darwin
went up to Edinburgh University to study medicine and natural history. When he was eighteen，he left Edinburgh
and went to Cambridge University，planning to enter the church，but he was more interested in science than in
religion and later he abandoned theology.
Shortly after graduating from Cambridge，he got a job as a naturalist on the ship H. M. S. Beagle，which
was about to start on a scientific and cartographic（地图的）survey of the South American coast. The journey
started in December 1831 and was to last almost five years，during which time he collected considerable
documentation.
Darwin was struck by the animals of the south seas，particularly by the tortoises he found on the Galapagos
Islands，a group of Pacific Islands. The Galapagos tortoises，Darwin observed，differed from island to island，
and this，he inferred，showed different forms of evolution，since the animals obviously came from the same
origins. Darwin was also struck by the iguanas（蜥蜴）he found，and observed that those which lived in
water had heads suitable for finding food among stones，while those that lived on land had a sharper head，more
fit for a herbivorous（食草的）animal.
Darwin developed his theory of evolution，but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it. It was
instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought，and attracted violent argument all over Europe. Many
found fault in it，and Darwin spent the rest of his life improving his theory in the light of other people's
observations.
8．What is the purpose of para.1？
A．To honour his family.
B．To increase his popularity.
C．To show his family's influence on him.
D．To highlight his family's contributions.
9．What did Darwin end up studying at Cambridge University？
A．Science. B．Theology. C．Medicine. D．Natural history.
10．Why were the iguanas different from island to island？
A．Because of their types. B．Because of their habitats.
C．Because of their foods. D．Because of their origins.
11．What can be learned about Darwin's theory of evolution？
A．He felt quite content with it. B．He published it once finished.
C．It caused a worldwide disagreement. D．It was a great breakthrough in science.
D
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown young astronomer with a half-smile on her face. She had
come with an impossible request that my team modify (修改) our thoroughly tested software to make one of our
most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for and risk breaking it. All to
carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done—prove that a massive black hole
lay at the center of our Milky Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. Andrea Ghez, one
of three winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics, impressed me with her work on providing solid evidence of
a supermassive black hole with the mass of four million suns living at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years
she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A-the name of our own local supermassive black hole. It is
remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter century, of searching for and finding evidence
of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large galaxy.
Andrea did her work at the W. M. Keck Observatory’s (天文台) twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii, in
the calm and clear air almost 14000 feet above the Pacific Ocean. She started using the very first instrument fixed
on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera(NIRC), now gracing the lobby (大厅) at our headquarters.
Andrea is fond of pointing out that one of the reasons for her success has been this tight and rapid loop (循
环) between the needs of the astronomers and the engineers who responded to the challenge.
This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no” for an answer: Andrea Ghez,
winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.
12．Which words best describe Andrea Ghez
A．Confident and adaptable. B．Determined and creative.
C．Brave and kind. D．Cooperative and generous.
13．What is the passage mainly about
A．The Noble Prize for physics. B．How Andrea won the Nobel.
C．Friendship between colleagues. D．What makes Andrea different.
14．What does the underlined word “gracing” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Bringing honour to. B．Being kind enough to attend.
C．Moving in a smooth way. D．Advancing the level.
15．From which is the text probably taken
A．A research paper. B．A science fiction.
C．A website about scientists. D．A fashion magazine.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person.
Einstein learned from making mistakes
____16____, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. He also
needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn
by making mistakes.
____17____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young
girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important
He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes.
He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. ____18____. He knew what was
worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the
questions were the same, but the answers were different. ____19____!
When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard
and surprised the world with his achievements. ____20____, we should think of him. So, never be discouraged!
A．Einstein was also very modest
B．What a humorous person he is
C．Einstein was also strict with his students
D．When Einstein started to work in America
E．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes
F．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems
G．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people
of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the
inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or
heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___,
in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than
nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355
inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣
告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly
___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr.
Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply
concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so
as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death,
Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those
who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel
Prizes.
21．A．.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating
22．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit
23．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild
24．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association
25．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up
26．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically
27．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed
28．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured
29．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient
30．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence
31．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating
32．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure
33．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune
34．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions
35．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Malaria has been a____36____ (dead) problem for humans since ancient times. Countless people have died
of it.____37____(thank), Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found qinghaosu.
This year marked the 50th anniversary of Tu’s____38____ (discover). In 1967, Chinese started a national
project. Two years later, Tu became director of it to develop ____39____ drug against malaria. Tu and her team
collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible Chinese recipes for malaria.
One recipe uses the sweet wormwood plant____40____(treat) malaria Tu found it effective and tried to
extract the qinghaosu____41____it in order to make drugs and succeeded in 1972.
After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her
colleagues volunteered to test the drug on____42____ (they) before testing it on human patients. It turned out
____43____ qinghaosu was safe. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria, ____44____
(save) millions of lives around the world.
In 2015, when Tu ____45____ (award) with the Nobel Prize, she refused to take all of the credit. She said,
“Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46．假设你是红星中学的高三学生李华。你在英国学医的朋友 Jim 想请你介绍中国科学家钟南山，请你
根据以下要点给 Jim 回信介绍钟南山。
1. 钟南山于 1941 年出生在广州，毕业于北京医学院，并于 1979 年出国进修，是中国最著名的科学家和
医生之一。
2. 2003 年他奋战在抗击非典第一线；2020 年初，84 岁高龄的他再上新冠肺炎防疫最前线。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：the SARS epidemic 非典；the novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒
第二节（满分 25 分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Yoghurt
It was a rough week. The price of oil skyrocketed as the temperature dropped sharply in Maine. I had missed
three days of wok so my paycheck was going to be lower than normal. I was stresses, to say the least. I shopped
strategically, looking for every possible way to cut pennies so I could buy groceries and keep the house warm.
My eight-year-old son didn’t understand when I told him we were struggling that week. He wanted a special
kind of yoghurt, but I didn't have the extra three dollars to buy it for him. It was the kind of yoghurt with a cartoon
kid riding a skateboard on the front of the box, and a mere two spoonfuls in each cup. It was the kind of product
that wastes a parent’s money and makes me hate advertising.
I felt guilty as a parent when those big eyes looked at me with confusion, as if to say, “It’s just yoghurt.
What’s the big deal ” So I found a way. I put something back as single mothers often do. He got his yoghurt.
On the way driving back from the grocery store, I noticed a homeless man holding a sign by the side of the
road. My heart hurt, and I tried not to look at him. I watched people stay away from him on the street and walk by
without even meeting his eyes. My son didn’t seem to care much, either. I looked at the man closely then— bare
hands grasping a piece of cardboard, snot(鼻涕) frozen to his face, a worn-out jacket. And there I was struggling
because I had to buy oil and groceries, But I decided to help. I pulled over to the man and handed him a five-
dollar bill.
注意:续写词数应为 150 左右。
Paragraph 1:
Seeing this, my son became confused and surprised.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Then, my son performed an act that most adults wouldn’t have done.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几位青少年科学家以及他们的发明。
1．细节理解题。根据 Jack Andraka 部分“Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early
stage.(杰克·安德拉卡发明了一种用于早期癌症检测的生物传感器)”可知，杰克·安德拉卡发明了医疗器
械。故选 A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据 Taylor Wilson 部分“He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a
kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.(他受到《放射性童子军》的启发，这本小说讲述了一个孩子试图
建造核反应堆却失败的故事)”可知，是一本故事书激发了 Taylor Wilson 对他的发明的兴趣。故选 D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据 Daniel Burd 部分“His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon
dioxide.(他的解决方案只产生水和少量二氧化碳)”以及常识可知，Daniel Burd 的发明对环境几乎没有危
害。故选 B 项。
4．D5．D6．C7．D
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了法国微生物学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生
命。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The next time you have cheese loudly, remember the French scientist Louis
Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌).(下次你大声吃奶酪的时
候，记得法国科学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了变质的牛奶，以及许多疾病是由细菌引起的)”可知，Louis
Pasteur 发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his
experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not
die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera
had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He
realized that a weak cholera helped, his chickens develop an antibody against
it.(当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时，他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾
病，但没有死亡。这很奇怪，因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重
了。当他再次尝试时，他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助，他的鸡
产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体)”可推知，有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死，因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了，
故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选 D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped
him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of
bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come
across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.(后来，巴斯德继续在牛、猪和狗身上
进行试验。他所有的研究都帮助他开发了不同的疫苗。我们现在知道，接种疫苗的过程会将一种衰弱的
细菌引入我们的身体。我们的身体通过产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在，当我们的身体遇到同样的更强大的
细菌时，它可以将它们击退)”可知，疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体，使人体产生了对抗细菌的
抗体，增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选 C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology,
chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university, to teach
microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly
disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.(路易斯·巴斯德因为在生物学、化学和医学上的进步而获得了许多奖
项。他创立了巴斯德研究所来研究疾病。它是第一所教授微生物学的大学，如今在 29 个国家有 32 个研
究所。对于每一个接种疫苗预防致命疾病的孩子，我们都要感谢路易斯·巴斯德)”结合本文介绍了微生物
学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。可以推测，本文写作目的在于缅怀这位
伟大的科学家，提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选 D。
8．C9．A10．B11．D
【导语】
本文是记叙文。本文章主要介绍了达尔文一生的生活经历和成就。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. (查尔斯·达尔文出生于一个
思想家家庭。) ”及后文对他父亲，母亲，祖父的介绍可知，达尔文的家人社会地位都很高，家人对达尔
文的影响很大。所以第一段的写作目的是为了表明家庭对达尔文的影响。故选 C。
9．推理判断题。由第二段中的“When he was eighteen, he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University,
planning to enter the church, but he was more interested in science than in religion and later he abandoned
theology. (十八岁时，他离开爱丁堡，进入剑桥大学，打算进入教堂，但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣，后
来他放弃了神学。)”可知，达尔文进入剑桥大学后，对科学更感兴趣，故推知他在剑桥大学最终主修科
学。故选 A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Darwin was also struck by the iguanas (蜥蜴) he found, and observed that those
which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones, while those that lived on land had a
sharper head, more fit for a herbivorous (食草的) animal.(达尔文也被他发现的蜥蜴所震撼了，并观察到那些
生活在水中的蜥蜴的头部适合在石头中寻找食物，而那些生活在陆地上的蜥蜴有更锋利的头部，更适合
食草动物。)可知，生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴是因为生活环境的不同导致生物进化差异。
故选 B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin developed his theory of evolution, but it was not until 1859 that he
actually published it. It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought, and attracted violent argument
all over Europe. (达尔文发展了他的进化论，但直到 1859 年他才真正发表了它。它立即被视为科学思想的
一个伟大里程碑，并引起了整个欧洲的激烈争论。)”可知，达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程
碑，是科学界的一个伟大的突破。故选 D。
12．B13．B14．A15．C
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅·盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“She had come with an impossible request that my team modify our thoroughly
tested software to make one of our most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed
for and risk breaking it. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done—
prove that a massive black hole lay at the center of our Milky Way. (她提出了一个似乎不可能的请求，要求我
的团队修改我们经过彻底测试的软件，使我们最重要的科学仪器之一能够完成它从未被设计过的任务，
并冒着破坏它的风险。所有这些都是为了进行一个基本上是浪费时间而且无法完成的实验——证明一个
巨大的黑洞位于我们银河系的中心)”以及第三段“That determination and the willingness to take calculated
risks has always characterized Andrea.(这种决心和愿意承担计算风险一直是安德烈娅的特点)”可知，安德烈
娅提出非常有创造力的请求并坚定地去证明它，她是有决心并且有创造力的。故选 B 项。
13．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no”
for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.(这是我的朋友，也是我的老同事，一
个拒绝接受“不”答案的人：安德烈娅·盖兹，2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者)”以及上文内容可知，本文主
要介绍了安德烈娅是如何成功获得诺贝尔奖的。故选 B 项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For 25 years she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A-the name of
our own local supermassive black hole. It is remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter
century, of searching for and finding evidence of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large
galaxy.(25 年来，她几乎完全专注于人马座 A——我们当地超大质量黑洞的名字。值得注意的是，在 25
年的时间里，整个研究领域都在发展，寻找并找到这些被认为位于每个大星系中心的庞然大物的证据)”以
及第四段“She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera(NIRC),
now gracing the lobby at our headquarters.(她开始使用第一台在凯克天文台近红外照相机（NIRC）改造的仪
器，现在 gracing 我们总部的大厅)”可知，安德烈娅专注于人马座 A 的研究，引领整个研究领域发展，她
所做的研究为整个总部带来荣誉，这台红外照相机是第一台机器，用纪念意义，因此放在大厅里是带领
荣耀的，故推测划线单词表示“为……带来荣誉”，即 bringing honour to。故选 A 项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no”
for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.(这是我的朋友，也是我的老同事，一
个拒绝接受“不”答案的人：安德烈娅·盖兹，2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者)”以及文章内容可知，本文主
要介绍了 2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅·盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的，推测文章来自一个有关科学
家的网站。故选 C 项。
16．D17．A18．G19．B20．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
16．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。D 选项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时”用 When 引导时间状
语从句，表明下文“someone asked him what he needed (有人问他需要什么)”事情发生的时间点，引出下文
“He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. (他说他需要一张桌子，一些纸和铅笔)”讲工作需要的工
具。故选 D 项。
17．该空为小标题，起总结段落作用。由下文“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their
homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because
he thought Maths was difficult too. (许多孩子写信要求他帮他们做作业。一天，他写信给一个年轻女孩，告
诉她不要担心她的数学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，下文讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学
也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，承接下文，A 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”是最佳小标题。故选 A 项。
18．由小标题“Einstein considered time to be important (爱因斯坦认为时间很重要)”和上文“He never wore
socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought
remembering things found in books was not worth it. (他从不穿袜子，因为人们已经穿鞋子了，所以他认为穿
袜子是浪费时间。他还认为，记住书本上的东西是不值得的)”可知，上文用具体事例讲明爱因斯坦不会做
浪费时间的一些事，表明他注重时间的重要性，G 选项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上
文举出另一个爱因斯坦看重时间的例子，也讲明爱因斯坦为什么会这样做。故选 G 项。
19．由小标题“Einstein liked to joke too (爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”和“In one exam, a student asked him why
all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were
different. (在一次考试中，一个学生问爱因斯坦为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦回答的问题
都一样，但答案不同)”可知，B 选项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选 B
项。
20．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。由上文“When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he
was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. (爱因斯坦
小时候，老师们常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直在努力工作，他的成就令世界惊讶)”可知，爱因斯坦
被老师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力工作，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁，承接上文，F 选项“如果
我们遇到问题时想放弃”用 If 引导条件状语从句，表明下文“we should think of him (我们应该想想他)”事情
发生的条件。故选 F 项。
21．B22．A23．C24．B25．D26．A27．D28．B29．C30．B31．B32．A33．C34．D35．A
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为
了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化
学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各
地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering 记得；B. honouring 尊敬、表彰；C. crediting 相
信；D. negating 否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying
clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to
mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些
杰出的人。故选 B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一
种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature 自然、性质；B. conduct 行为、举动；C. flavour 味
道；D. benefit 利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选 A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找
一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly 致命的；B. bitter 苦涩的；C. usable 可用的；D.
mild 温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and
safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选 C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867 年，34 岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、
更安全的炸药。A. innovations 创新；B. efforts 努力；C. hesitation 犹豫；D. association 协会。根据上文
“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive
(爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药
而努力。故选 B。
25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过 355 项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up
抚养长大；B. put up 张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up 结束、关系破裂；D. built up 建立、积累。根据空后的
“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选 D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888 年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了
阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly 错误地；B. purposefully 故意地；C. unintentionally 无意地；D.
scientifically 科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而
不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选 A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied 满意
的；B. relieved 宽慰的；C. impressed 有印象的；D. disappointed 失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper
strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying
“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died
yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选 D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，
并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised 表
扬；B. blamed 责备；C. appreciated 欣赏、感激；D. favoured 偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of
“the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选 B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商
人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.
greedy 贪婪的；B. essential 必要的；C. rich 富裕的；D. sufficient 充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth
from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富
有。故选 C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error 错误；B. warning 警
告；C. threat 威胁；D. consequence 结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was
deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言
这次讣告是个警告。故选 B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.
destroying 破坏；B. inventing 发明；C. combining 结合；D. stimulating 刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime,
Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选 B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的
事业而被铭记。A. improve 提升；B. establish 建立；C. illustrate 说明；D. secure 安全的。根据上文“He
spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，
他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选 A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895 年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示
他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request 请
求；B. illustration 说明、阐述；C. will 意志、遗嘱；D. fortune 命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that
his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故
选 C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895 年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示
他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices 选
择；B. decisions 决定；C. profits 利润；D. contributions 贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered
one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding
achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选 D。
35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的 94%来
创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away 赠送、背叛；B. gave back 归还；C. gave off 散发；D. gave out 分发、公
布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made
great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔
捐赠了大多数财产。故选 A。
36．deadly37．Thankfully38．discovery39．a40．to treat
41．from42．themselves43．that44．saving45．was awarded
【导语】
本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素的过程，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药
物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。
36．考查形容词。句意：疟疾自古以来就是人类的致命问题。根据所给词汇，句意和句子结构，设空处
应填形容词 deadly，意为“致命的”，做前置定语，修饰名词 problem。故填 deadly。
37．考查副词。句意：值得庆幸的是，中国科学家屠呦呦发现了青蒿素。修饰整个句子，应用副词，
thank 的副词为 thankfully，设空处在句首，单词首字母应大写。故填 Thankfully。
38．考查名词。句意：今年是屠呦呦发现（青蒿素）50 周年。Tu’s 后接名词，discover 的名词为
discovery，作 of 的宾语。故填 discovery。
39．考查冠词。句意：两年后，屠呦呦成为该项目的负责人，研发一种抗疟疾的药物。此处为泛指“一种
药物”，应用不定冠词，drug 为辅音音素开头，应用 a。故填 a。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取
青蒿素用于制药，并于 1972 年成功。此处考查动词短语 use...to do sth，动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to
treat。
41．考查介词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取青蒿素
用于制药，并于 1972 年成功。此处考查 extract...from...，意为“从……中提取……”，设空处应用介词
from。故填 from。
42．考查反身代词。句意：在她的团队证明青蒿素可以治疗老鼠和猴子的疟疾之后，屠呦呦和她的两名
同事自愿在自己身上测试这种药物，然后再在人类患者身上测试。根据句意，屠呦呦和她的两位同事在
他们自己身上测试药物。设空处应用反身代词 themselves，作 on 的宾语。故填 themselves。
43．考查主语从句的连接词。句意：事实证明青蒿素是安全的。此处考查句型 It turned out that...，意为
“结果表明……”，设空处应用连接词 that 引导主语从句。故填 that。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生
命。此处考查非谓语动词用法，句子的主谓部分与 save 之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，作结果状语，应用
现在分词 saving。故填 saving。
45．考查时态、语态。句意：2015 年，当屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖时，她拒绝接受所有的荣誉。根据时间状
语 In 2015，谓语动词应用一般过去时态，动词 award 与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语
Tu 为第三人称单数，故助动词用 was。故填 was awarded。
46．Dear Jim,
I am very glad to introduce Zhong Nanshan to you.
Zhong Nanshan is one of the premier scientists and doctors in China. He was born in Guangzhou in 1941 and
graduated from Beijing Medical College. Then, in 1979, he went abroad for further education. This ordinary but
great man has been working in the medical field for over 50 years. In 2003 Zhong Nanshan fought in the battle
against the SARS epidemic. And at the beginning of the year of 2020, Zhong Nanshan,although aged 84, fought
again on the front line against the novel coronavirus which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Dangerous as it
was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and treating patients.
Hope you can learn more about Chinese scientists.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给在英国学医的朋友 Jim 写回信，介绍中国科学家钟南山的生平事
迹。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →delighted
最著名的：premier→most famous
多于，大于：over→more than
有威胁的：dangerous→threatening
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and
treating patients.
拓展句：Though it was dangerous, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing
research and treating patients.
【点睛】
【高分句型 1】Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing
research and treating patients. （运用倒装句，现在分词作状语）
【高分句型 2】Zhong Nanshan,although aged 84, fought again on the front line against the novel coronavirus
which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. （运用了过去分词作定语，which 引导限制性定语从句）
47．Seeing this, my son became confused and surprised. “Mum, why are you so generous to this stranger while
so mean to me when I asked for a yoghurt ” I explained that if we were blind to the poor man’s situation he would
be freezing. He didn’t have a home or food to eat after all. We could spare five dollars even if we were financially
stressed. Finally, my son nodded and fixed his eyes on his yoghurt.
Then, my son performed an act that most adults wouldn’t have done. He took his yoghurt and handed it to the man
outside his window. Even if it was just a matter of a few spoons of yoghurt, it was all he had, and he gave it to
someone who needed it more than he wanted it. He showed me that I was doing well as a mother. There are
always blessings to count if we open our eyes, and always have the opportunity to be a blessing for someone else.
【分析】
这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为单身母亲的作者，有一个八岁的儿子。有一
周，天气骤降，油价上涨，作者和儿子生活拮据，作者想尽办法降低消费，而儿子却想要喝一种作者看
来是浪费钱的酸奶。看着儿子渴望的眼神，作者改变了计划给他买了酸奶。但是在回家路上，作者发现
路边有一位更加需要帮助的老人。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“儿子看到这一幕，既困惑又惊讶。”可知，第一段可描写儿子感到困惑后会问作
者，为什么自己很困难还要帮助别人，以及作者是如何回答孩子的。
②由第二段首句内容“然后，我儿子做了一件大多数成年人都不会做的事。”可知，第二段可描写受妈妈
的启发，孩子也帮助了别人。
2.续写线索：经济拮据——降低开支——孩子要酸奶—--妈妈不情愿地买酸奶——妈妈帮助穷人——孩子
帮助穷人
3.词汇激活
行为类
① 看见：see/ notice/ observe/ watch/ spot
②给予：spare/ share/ hand out
情绪类
①慷慨：generous/ bighearted/ kind
【点睛】
[高分句型 1].We could spare five dollars even if we were financially stressed. （even if 引导的让步状语从
句）
[高分句型 2]. He showed me that I was doing well as a mother. （that 引导宾语从句）
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考
证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共 30 分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Amazing Scientists Who Happen to Be Teenagers
We’ve got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.
Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early stage. He says that the paper sensor is
168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays.
He’s the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变). He was inspired by The
Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.
Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it
at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research.
Sara Volz
Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae (藻类) based on their oil output for the purpose of
growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to
reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent
Search.
Daniel Burd
Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose (分解), but this high school student Daniel Burd
managed to do it in three months. In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt
together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria (细菌) responsible
for decomposing the plastics.
His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used
elsewhere.
1．Who invented a medical instrument
A．Jack Andraka. B．Taylor Wilson. C．Sara Volz. D．Daniel Burd.
2．What excited Taylor Wilson’s interest in his invention
A．A travel program. B．Plastic pollution. C．Energy shortage. D．A story book.
3．What do we know about Daniel Burd’s invention
A．It is made from plastics. B．It does little harm to the environment.
C．It was completed in three months. D．It is widely used in everyday waste.
B
The next time you have cheese loudly, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad
milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the
cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (接种疫苗), which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his experiments, he accidentally
spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every
chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time
he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera
helped, his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different
vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our
body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come across the same bacteria which
are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He
founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university, to teach microbiology and today there
are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to
thank.
4．What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
C．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
D．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
5．What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B．Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C．All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures.
6．What is the function of the process of vaccination
A．It builds up people’s body. B．Without it, people will die.
C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick healthy.
7．What is the purpose of the article
A．To show the discoveries of the vaccination.
B．To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur.
C．To introduce an important invention in microbiology.
D．To honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
C
Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. His father was a Fellow of the Royal Society（the elite
circle of top British scientists），his mother was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood，the man who founded the
famous Wedgwood Potteries，and his grandfather，Erasmus Darwin，was a famous physician，thinker and
philosopher who，like his grandson，spent much time studying the evolution of life.
After a childhood in the town of Shrewsbury，where he was educated at the Grammar School，Darwin
went up to Edinburgh University to study medicine and natural history. When he was eighteen，he left Edinburgh
and went to Cambridge University，planning to enter the church，but he was more interested in science than in
religion and later he abandoned theology.
Shortly after graduating from Cambridge，he got a job as a naturalist on the ship H. M. S. Beagle，which
was about to start on a scientific and cartographic（地图的）survey of the South American coast. The journey
started in December 1831 and was to last almost five years，during which time he collected considerable
documentation.
Darwin was struck by the animals of the south seas，particularly by the tortoises he found on the Galapagos
Islands，a group of Pacific Islands. The Galapagos tortoises，Darwin observed，differed from island to island，
and this，he inferred，showed different forms of evolution，since the animals obviously came from the same
origins. Darwin was also struck by the iguanas（蜥蜴）he found，and observed that those which lived in
water had heads suitable for finding food among stones，while those that lived on land had a sharper head，more
fit for a herbivorous（食草的）animal.
Darwin developed his theory of evolution，but it was not until 1859 that he actually published it. It was
instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought，and attracted violent argument all over Europe. Many
found fault in it，and Darwin spent the rest of his life improving his theory in the light of other people's
observations.
8．What is the purpose of para.1？
A．To honour his family.
B．To increase his popularity.
C．To show his family's influence on him.
D．To highlight his family's contributions.
9．What did Darwin end up studying at Cambridge University？
A．Science. B．Theology. C．Medicine. D．Natural history.
10．Why were the iguanas different from island to island？
A．Because of their types. B．Because of their habitats.
C．Because of their foods. D．Because of their origins.
11．What can be learned about Darwin's theory of evolution？
A．He felt quite content with it. B．He published it once finished.
C．It caused a worldwide disagreement. D．It was a great breakthrough in science.
D
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown young astronomer with a half-smile on her face. She had
come with an impossible request that my team modify (修改) our thoroughly tested software to make one of our
most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for and risk breaking it. All to
carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done—prove that a massive black hole
lay at the center of our Milky Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. Andrea Ghez, one
of three winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics, impressed me with her work on providing solid evidence of
a supermassive black hole with the mass of four million suns living at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years
she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A-the name of our own local supermassive black hole. It is
remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter century, of searching for and finding evidence
of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large galaxy.
Andrea did her work at the W. M. Keck Observatory’s (天文台) twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii, in
the calm and clear air almost 14000 feet above the Pacific Ocean. She started using the very first instrument fixed
on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera(NIRC), now gracing the lobby (大厅) at our headquarters.
Andrea is fond of pointing out that one of the reasons for her success has been this tight and rapid loop (循
环) between the needs of the astronomers and the engineers who responded to the challenge.
This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no” for an answer: Andrea Ghez,
winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.
12．Which words best describe Andrea Ghez
A．Confident and adaptable. B．Determined and creative.
C．Brave and kind. D．Cooperative and generous.
13．What is the passage mainly about
A．The Noble Prize for physics. B．How Andrea won the Nobel.
C．Friendship between colleagues. D．What makes Andrea different.
14．What does the underlined word “gracing” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Bringing honour to. B．Being kind enough to attend.
C．Moving in a smooth way. D．Advancing the level.
15．From which is the text probably taken
A．A research paper. B．A science fiction.
C．A website about scientists. D．A fashion magazine.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person.
Einstein learned from making mistakes
____16____, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. He also
needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn
by making mistakes.
____17____
Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young
girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.
Einstein considered time to be important
He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes.
He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. ____18____. He knew what was
worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time.
Einstein liked to joke too
In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the
questions were the same, but the answers were different. ____19____!
When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard
and surprised the world with his achievements. ____20____, we should think of him. So, never be discouraged!
A．Einstein was also very modest
B．What a humorous person he is
C．Einstein was also strict with his students
D．When Einstein started to work in America
E．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes
F．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems
G．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people
of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the
inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or
heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___,
in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than
nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355
inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣
告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly
___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr.
Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply
concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so
as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death,
Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those
who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel
Prizes.
21．A．.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating
22．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit
23．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild
24．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association
25．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up
26．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically
27．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed
28．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured
29．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient
30．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence
31．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating
32．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure
33．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune
34．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions
35．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Malaria has been a____36____ (dead) problem for humans since ancient times. Countless people have died
of it.____37____(thank), Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found qinghaosu.
This year marked the 50th anniversary of Tu’s____38____ (discover). In 1967, Chinese started a national
project. Two years later, Tu became director of it to develop ____39____ drug against malaria. Tu and her team
collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible Chinese recipes for malaria.
One recipe uses the sweet wormwood plant____40____(treat) malaria Tu found it effective and tried to
extract the qinghaosu____41____it in order to make drugs and succeeded in 1972.
After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her
colleagues volunteered to test the drug on____42____ (they) before testing it on human patients. It turned out
____43____ qinghaosu was safe. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria, ____44____
(save) millions of lives around the world.
In 2015, when Tu ____45____ (award) with the Nobel Prize, she refused to take all of the credit. She said,
“Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46．假设你是红星中学的高三学生李华。你在英国学医的朋友 Jim 想请你介绍中国科学家钟南山，请你
根据以下要点给 Jim 回信介绍钟南山。
1. 钟南山于 1941 年出生在广州，毕业于北京医学院，并于 1979 年出国进修，是中国最著名的科学家和
医生之一。
2. 2003 年他奋战在抗击非典第一线；2020 年初，84 岁高龄的他再上新冠肺炎防疫最前线。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：the SARS epidemic 非典；the novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒
第二节（满分 25 分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Yoghurt
It was a rough week. The price of oil skyrocketed as the temperature dropped sharply in Maine. I had missed
three days of wok so my paycheck was going to be lower than normal. I was stresses, to say the least. I shopped
strategically, looking for every possible way to cut pennies so I could buy groceries and keep the house warm.
My eight-year-old son didn’t understand when I told him we were struggling that week. He wanted a special
kind of yoghurt, but I didn't have the extra three dollars to buy it for him. It was the kind of yoghurt with a cartoon
kid riding a skateboard on the front of the box, and a mere two spoonfuls in each cup. It was the kind of product
that wastes a parent’s money and makes me hate advertising.
I felt guilty as a parent when those big eyes looked at me with confusion, as if to say, “It’s just yoghurt.
What’s the big deal ” So I found a way. I put something back as single mothers often do. He got his yoghurt.
On the way driving back from the grocery store, I noticed a homeless man holding a sign by the side of the
road. My heart hurt, and I tried not to look at him. I watched people stay away from him on the street and walk by
without even meeting his eyes. My son didn’t seem to care much, either. I looked at the man closely then— bare
hands grasping a piece of cardboard, snot(鼻涕) frozen to his face, a worn-out jacket. And there I was struggling
because I had to buy oil and groceries, But I decided to help. I pulled over to the man and handed him a five-
dollar bill.
注意:续写词数应为 150 左右。
Paragraph 1:
Seeing this, my son became confused and surprised.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Then, my son performed an act that most adults wouldn’t have done.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几位青少年科学家以及他们的发明。
1．细节理解题。根据 Jack Andraka 部分“Jack Andraka created a biological sensor for testing cancer at an early
stage.(杰克·安德拉卡发明了一种用于早期癌症检测的生物传感器)”可知，杰克·安德拉卡发明了医疗器
械。故选 A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据 Taylor Wilson 部分“He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a
kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.(他受到《放射性童子军》的启发，这本小说讲述了一个孩子试图
建造核反应堆却失败的故事)”可知，是一本故事书激发了 Taylor Wilson 对他的发明的兴趣。故选 D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据 Daniel Burd 部分“His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon
dioxide.(他的解决方案只产生水和少量二氧化碳)”以及常识可知，Daniel Burd 的发明对环境几乎没有危
害。故选 B 项。
4．D5．D6．C7．D
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了法国微生物学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生
命。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The next time you have cheese loudly, remember the French scientist Louis
Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌).(下次你大声吃奶酪的时
候，记得法国科学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了变质的牛奶，以及许多疾病是由细菌引起的)”可知，Louis
Pasteur 发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his
experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not
die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera
had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He
realized that a weak cholera helped, his chickens develop an antibody against
it.(当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时，他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾
病，但没有死亡。这很奇怪，因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重
了。当他再次尝试时，他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助，他的鸡
产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体)”可推知，有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死，因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了，
故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选 D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped
him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of
bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come
across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.(后来，巴斯德继续在牛、猪和狗身上
进行试验。他所有的研究都帮助他开发了不同的疫苗。我们现在知道，接种疫苗的过程会将一种衰弱的
细菌引入我们的身体。我们的身体通过产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在，当我们的身体遇到同样的更强大的
细菌时，它可以将它们击退)”可知，疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体，使人体产生了对抗细菌的
抗体，增强了应对感染的免疫力。疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选 C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology,
chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university, to teach
microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly
disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.(路易斯·巴斯德因为在生物学、化学和医学上的进步而获得了许多奖
项。他创立了巴斯德研究所来研究疾病。它是第一所教授微生物学的大学，如今在 29 个国家有 32 个研
究所。对于每一个接种疫苗预防致命疾病的孩子，我们都要感谢路易斯·巴斯德)”结合本文介绍了微生物
学家 Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。可以推测，本文写作目的在于缅怀这位
伟大的科学家，提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选 D。
8．C9．A10．B11．D
【导语】
本文是记叙文。本文章主要介绍了达尔文一生的生活经历和成就。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Charles Darwin was born into a family of thinkers. (查尔斯·达尔文出生于一个
思想家家庭。) ”及后文对他父亲，母亲，祖父的介绍可知，达尔文的家人社会地位都很高，家人对达尔
文的影响很大。所以第一段的写作目的是为了表明家庭对达尔文的影响。故选 C。
9．推理判断题。由第二段中的“When he was eighteen, he left Edinburgh and went to Cambridge University,
planning to enter the church, but he was more interested in science than in religion and later he abandoned
theology. (十八岁时，他离开爱丁堡，进入剑桥大学，打算进入教堂，但他对科学比对宗教更感兴趣，后
来他放弃了神学。)”可知，达尔文进入剑桥大学后，对科学更感兴趣，故推知他在剑桥大学最终主修科
学。故选 A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Darwin was also struck by the iguanas (蜥蜴) he found, and observed that those
which lived in water had heads suitable for finding food among stones, while those that lived on land had a
sharper head, more fit for a herbivorous (食草的) animal.(达尔文也被他发现的蜥蜴所震撼了，并观察到那些
生活在水中的蜥蜴的头部适合在石头中寻找食物，而那些生活在陆地上的蜥蜴有更锋利的头部，更适合
食草动物。)可知，生活在水中的蜥蜴和生活在陆地上的蜥蜴是因为生活环境的不同导致生物进化差异。
故选 B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin developed his theory of evolution, but it was not until 1859 that he
actually published it. It was instantly seen as a great milestone in scientific thought, and attracted violent argument
all over Europe. (达尔文发展了他的进化论，但直到 1859 年他才真正发表了它。它立即被视为科学思想的
一个伟大里程碑，并引起了整个欧洲的激烈争论。)”可知，达尔文的进化论是科学思想的一个伟大的里程
碑，是科学界的一个伟大的突破。故选 D。
12．B13．B14．A15．C
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅·盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“She had come with an impossible request that my team modify our thoroughly
tested software to make one of our most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed
for and risk breaking it. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn’t be done—
prove that a massive black hole lay at the center of our Milky Way. (她提出了一个似乎不可能的请求，要求我
的团队修改我们经过彻底测试的软件，使我们最重要的科学仪器之一能够完成它从未被设计过的任务，
并冒着破坏它的风险。所有这些都是为了进行一个基本上是浪费时间而且无法完成的实验——证明一个
巨大的黑洞位于我们银河系的中心)”以及第三段“That determination and the willingness to take calculated
risks has always characterized Andrea.(这种决心和愿意承担计算风险一直是安德烈娅的特点)”可知，安德烈
娅提出非常有创造力的请求并坚定地去证明它，她是有决心并且有创造力的。故选 B 项。
13．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no”
for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.(这是我的朋友，也是我的老同事，一
个拒绝接受“不”答案的人：安德烈娅·盖兹，2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者)”以及上文内容可知，本文主
要介绍了安德烈娅是如何成功获得诺贝尔奖的。故选 B 项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For 25 years she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A-the name of
our own local supermassive black hole. It is remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter
century, of searching for and finding evidence of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large
galaxy.(25 年来，她几乎完全专注于人马座 A——我们当地超大质量黑洞的名字。值得注意的是，在 25
年的时间里，整个研究领域都在发展，寻找并找到这些被认为位于每个大星系中心的庞然大物的证据)”以
及第四段“She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatory’s Near Infrared Camera(NIRC),
now gracing the lobby at our headquarters.(她开始使用第一台在凯克天文台近红外照相机（NIRC）改造的仪
器，现在 gracing 我们总部的大厅)”可知，安德烈娅专注于人马座 A 的研究，引领整个研究领域发展，她
所做的研究为整个总部带来荣誉，这台红外照相机是第一台机器，用纪念意义，因此放在大厅里是带领
荣耀的，故推测划线单词表示“为……带来荣誉”，即 bringing honour to。故选 A 项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is my friend and longtime colleague, the one who refused to take “no”
for an answer: Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.(这是我的朋友，也是我的老同事，一
个拒绝接受“不”答案的人：安德烈娅·盖兹，2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者)”以及文章内容可知，本文主
要介绍了 2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅·盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的，推测文章来自一个有关科学
家的网站。故选 C 项。
16．D17．A18．G19．B20．F
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。
16．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。D 选项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时”用 When 引导时间状
语从句，表明下文“someone asked him what he needed (有人问他需要什么)”事情发生的时间点，引出下文
“He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencil. (他说他需要一张桌子，一些纸和铅笔)”讲工作需要的工
具。故选 D 项。
17．该空为小标题，起总结段落作用。由下文“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their
homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because
he thought Maths was difficult too. (许多孩子写信要求他帮他们做作业。一天，他写信给一个年轻女孩，告
诉她不要担心她的数学作业，因为他认为数学也很难)”可知，下文讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学
也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，承接下文，A 选项“爱因斯坦也很谦虚”是最佳小标题。故选 A 项。
18．由小标题“Einstein considered time to be important (爱因斯坦认为时间很重要)”和上文“He never wore
socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought
remembering things found in books was not worth it. (他从不穿袜子，因为人们已经穿鞋子了，所以他认为穿
袜子是浪费时间。他还认为，记住书本上的东西是不值得的)”可知，上文用具体事例讲明爱因斯坦不会做
浪费时间的一些事，表明他注重时间的重要性，G 选项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上
文举出另一个爱因斯坦看重时间的例子，也讲明爱因斯坦为什么会这样做。故选 G 项。
19．由小标题“Einstein liked to joke too (爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”和“In one exam, a student asked him why
all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were
different. (在一次考试中，一个学生问爱因斯坦为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦回答的问题
都一样，但答案不同)”可知，B 选项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选 B
项。
20．分析句子结构可知，该空缺乏一个从句。由上文“When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he
was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. (爱因斯坦
小时候，老师们常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直在努力工作，他的成就令世界惊讶)”可知，爱因斯坦
被老师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力工作，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁，承接上文，F 选项“如果
我们遇到问题时想放弃”用 If 引导条件状语从句，表明下文“we should think of him (我们应该想想他)”事情
发生的条件。故选 F 项。
21．B22．A23．C24．B25．D26．A27．D28．B29．C30．B31．B32．A33．C34．D35．A
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为
了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化
学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各
地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering 记得；B. honouring 尊敬、表彰；C. crediting 相
信；D. negating 否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying
clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to
mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些
杰出的人。故选 B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一
种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature 自然、性质；B. conduct 行为、举动；C. flavour 味
道；D. benefit 利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选 A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找
一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly 致命的；B. bitter 苦涩的；C. usable 可用的；D.
mild 温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and
safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选 C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867 年，34 岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、
更安全的炸药。A. innovations 创新；B. efforts 努力；C. hesitation 犹豫；D. association 协会。根据上文
“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive
(爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药
而努力。故选 B。
25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过 355 项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up
抚养长大；B. put up 张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up 结束、关系破裂；D. built up 建立、积累。根据空后的
“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选 D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888 年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了
阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly 错误地；B. purposefully 故意地；C. unintentionally 无意地；D.
scientifically 科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而
不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选 A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied 满意
的；B. relieved 宽慰的；C. impressed 有印象的；D. disappointed 失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper
strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying
“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died
yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选 D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，
并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised 表
扬；B. blamed 责备；C. appreciated 欣赏、感激；D. favoured 偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of
“the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选 B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商
人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.
greedy 贪婪的；B. essential 必要的；C. rich 富裕的；D. sufficient 充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth
from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富
有。故选 C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error 错误；B. warning 警
告；C. threat 威胁；D. consequence 结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was
deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言
这次讣告是个警告。故选 B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.
destroying 破坏；B. inventing 发明；C. combining 结合；D. stimulating 刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime,
Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选 B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的
事业而被铭记。A. improve 提升；B. establish 建立；C. illustrate 说明；D. secure 安全的。根据上文“He
spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，
他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选 A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895 年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示
他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request 请
求；B. illustration 说明、阐述；C. will 意志、遗嘱；D. fortune 命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that
his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故
选 C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895 年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示
他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices 选
择；B. decisions 决定；C. profits 利润；D. contributions 贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered
one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding
achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选 D。
35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的 94%来
创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away 赠送、背叛；B. gave back 归还；C. gave off 散发；D. gave out 分发、公
布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made
great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔
捐赠了大多数财产。故选 A。
36．deadly37．Thankfully38．discovery39．a40．to treat
41．from42．themselves43．that44．saving45．was awarded
【导语】
本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素的过程，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药
物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。
36．考查形容词。句意：疟疾自古以来就是人类的致命问题。根据所给词汇，句意和句子结构，设空处
应填形容词 deadly，意为“致命的”，做前置定语，修饰名词 problem。故填 deadly。
37．考查副词。句意：值得庆幸的是，中国科学家屠呦呦发现了青蒿素。修饰整个句子，应用副词，
thank 的副词为 thankfully，设空处在句首，单词首字母应大写。故填 Thankfully。
38．考查名词。句意：今年是屠呦呦发现（青蒿素）50 周年。Tu’s 后接名词，discover 的名词为
discovery，作 of 的宾语。故填 discovery。
39．考查冠词。句意：两年后，屠呦呦成为该项目的负责人，研发一种抗疟疾的药物。此处为泛指“一种
药物”，应用不定冠词，drug 为辅音音素开头，应用 a。故填 a。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取
青蒿素用于制药，并于 1972 年成功。此处考查动词短语 use...to do sth，动词不定式作目的状语，故填 to
treat。
41．考查介词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取青蒿素
用于制药，并于 1972 年成功。此处考查 extract...from...，意为“从……中提取……”，设空处应用介词
from。故填 from。
42．考查反身代词。句意：在她的团队证明青蒿素可以治疗老鼠和猴子的疟疾之后，屠呦呦和她的两名
同事自愿在自己身上测试这种药物，然后再在人类患者身上测试。根据句意，屠呦呦和她的两位同事在
他们自己身上测试药物。设空处应用反身代词 themselves，作 on 的宾语。故填 themselves。
43．考查主语从句的连接词。句意：事实证明青蒿素是安全的。此处考查句型 It turned out that...，意为
“结果表明……”，设空处应用连接词 that 引导主语从句。故填 that。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生
命。此处考查非谓语动词用法，句子的主谓部分与 save 之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，作结果状语，应用
现在分词 saving。故填 saving。
45．考查时态、语态。句意：2015 年，当屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖时，她拒绝接受所有的荣誉。根据时间状
语 In 2015，谓语动词应用一般过去时态，动词 award 与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语
Tu 为第三人称单数，故助动词用 was。故填 was awarded。
46．Dear Jim,
I am very glad to introduce Zhong Nanshan to you.
Zhong Nanshan is one of the premier scientists and doctors in China. He was born in Guangzhou in 1941 and
graduated from Beijing Medical College. Then, in 1979, he went abroad for further education. This ordinary but
great man has been working in the medical field for over 50 years. In 2003 Zhong Nanshan fought in the battle
against the SARS epidemic. And at the beginning of the year of 2020, Zhong Nanshan,although aged 84, fought
again on the front line against the novel coronavirus which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Dangerous as it
was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and treating patients.
Hope you can learn more about Chinese scientists.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给在英国学医的朋友 Jim 写回信，介绍中国科学家钟南山的生平事
迹。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →delighted
最著名的：premier→most famous
多于，大于：over→more than
有威胁的：dangerous→threatening
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing research and
treating patients.
拓展句：Though it was dangerous, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing
research and treating patients.
【点睛】
【高分句型 1】Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan with his medical team worked hard day and night doing
research and treating patients. （运用倒装句，现在分词作状语）
【高分句型 2】Zhong Nanshan,although aged 84, fought again on the front line against the novel coronavirus
which broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province. （运用了过去分词作定语，which 引导限制性定语从句）
47．Seeing this, my son became confused and surprised. “Mum, why are you so generous to this stranger while
so mean to me when I asked for a yoghurt ” I explained that if we were blind to the poor man’s situation he would
be freezing. He didn’t have a home or food to eat after all. We could spare five dollars even if we were financially
stressed. Finally, my son nodded and fixed his eyes on his yoghurt.
Then, my son performed an act that most adults wouldn’t have done. He took his yoghurt and handed it to the man
outside his window. Even if it was just a matter of a few spoons of yoghurt, it was all he had, and he gave it to
someone who needed it more than he wanted it. He showed me that I was doing well as a mother. There are
always blessings to count if we open our eyes, and always have the opportunity to be a blessing for someone else.
【分析】
这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为单身母亲的作者，有一个八岁的儿子。有一
周，天气骤降，油价上涨，作者和儿子生活拮据，作者想尽办法降低消费，而儿子却想要喝一种作者看
来是浪费钱的酸奶。看着儿子渴望的眼神，作者改变了计划给他买了酸奶。但是在回家路上，作者发现
路边有一位更加需要帮助的老人。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“儿子看到这一幕，既困惑又惊讶。”可知，第一段可描写儿子感到困惑后会问作
者，为什么自己很困难还要帮助别人，以及作者是如何回答孩子的。
②由第二段首句内容“然后，我儿子做了一件大多数成年人都不会做的事。”可知，第二段可描写受妈妈
的启发，孩子也帮助了别人。
2.续写线索：经济拮据——降低开支——孩子要酸奶—--妈妈不情愿地买酸奶——妈妈帮助穷人——孩子
帮助穷人
3.词汇激活
行为类
① 看见：see/ notice/ observe/ watch/ spot
②给予：spare/ share/ hand out
情绪类
①慷慨：generous/ bighearted/ kind
【点睛】
[高分句型 1].We could spare five dollars even if we were financially stressed. （even if 引导的让步状语从
句）
[高分句型 2]. He showed me that I was doing well as a mother. （that 引导宾语从句）